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Over the course of the past decade, critical and strategic minerals lists have soared in popularity globally. Though nomenclature may range from critical minerals to critical raw materials, the core understanding is generally one informed by critical functionality – often linked to the energy or digital transition or to military purposes – and economic scarcity, which renders it vulnerable to supply chain disruptions. This paper develops a compendium of core critical and strategic minerals with global importance by comparing the critical and strategic minerals lists of ten jurisdictions (Australia, Canada, China, the European Union, India, Japan, the Republic of Korea, South Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States) and collating a single list on the basis of clear majority representation. Because most mining law practitioners are not trained geologists, the paper then unpacks information that will be valuable to practitioners who encounter a given critical mineral in their practice: Where is it listed as a critical and strategic mineral? Geopolitically speaking, what does the world's security of supply look like? What are its main uses and why is it critical? How is it mined and refined, and are there any particular associated risks? What are the social and environmental impacts that are specifically associated with this mineral (as opposed to impacts broadly associated with all mining)? How easily substitutable is this commodity (given that that constitutes an economic risk to the mine)? Finally, what is the position regarding recyclability? Critical and strategic minerals vary in important ways from one another. The careful practitioner will want to derisk critical and strategic mineral projects in a targeted manner, mindful of the characteristics of the commodity at hand. Thus a rare earths project raises different considerations than a lithium one. Bespoke contracts require insight into the characteristics of critical and strategic minerals, as outlined in the Core Critical and Strategic Minerals Compendium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

According to the European Data Strategy established in 2020, the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) is described as "the basis for a science, research and innovation data space... and will be connected and articulated with the sectoral data spaces", being one of the 14 European Common Data Spaces. While current cross-sectoral interactions with the EOSC are realised through the association's Health Data Task Force, advancements in other EU priorities, such as the Green Deal and the Digital Strategy, should be accelerated in the green and digital transitions and integrated by reinforcing each other to be climate-neutral by 2050. With this motivation, this paper systematically reviews data spaces and digital twins (DTs) within the context of research and innovation. Specifically, focusing on the relevance of the EOSC to the Green Deal Data Space (GDDS) and DTs of the Earth, the relationship between them is explored using a topic search with various keyword combinations in the Web of Science and CORDIS databases. Based on the selected scientific articles and projects, collaboration opportunities are mapped to connect relevant stakeholders. Furthermore, existing and developing service components that could contribute to technical building blocks for the GDDS are identified. In summary, key findings are highlighted, addressing the current gaps and opportunities among the GDDS initiatives presented in this review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Working in the digital age requires a discussion on the right to disconnect. Although it has previously been studied in association with the digital transition movement, the "right to disconnect" has gained relevance in a context of mandatory teleworking due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This situation has led some countries to legislate on the subject, notably Portugal, where the right to disconnect has been enshrined in labour legislation since law no. 83/2021 of 6 December. This article presents a framework of the literature on the right to disconnect, as well as a documentary analysis and an exploratory study carried out in Portugal in November and December 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey sought to assess the working conditions of women in telework, particularly about working time. This study stresses that the right to disconnect is linked to the organisation of working time and analyses the negative impact of technology on work, in particular the permanence of the electronic connection to work. The results show that the majority of women value teleworking because they have more time for themselves and their families. However, the women who consider that they have less availability for teleworking indicate that the main reason for this is not being able to disconnect from work. In the context of the digital transition and the expansion of teleworking in organisations and the generalisation of hybrid work, the study of this new "right to disconnect" becomes crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fashion industry's current manufacturing approach raises various environmental and social concerns, including but not limited to carbon emissions, resource depletion, waste generation, substantial energy consumption, and labour exploitation. Green and digital fashion can minimise these issues. However, fashion's green and digital shifts need more coverage. This paper aims to observe and explore the key elements of green and digital transitions in the fashion industry. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 guidelines, this systematic review study examined articles on green and digital transformations in the fashion supply chain from 2012 to 2022 in relevant indexation services. The researchers used descriptive and content analysis to explain the results from 46 of the 518 publications that were relevant to their study. The study uncovered green transforming factors such as green materials, green energy, cleaner production, and others, as well as digital shifting factors like artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things (IoT), and robotics. This study's findings can assist practitioners and policymakers in integrating digital and green technologies into the fashion industry. Moreover, this study identified several research gaps that, if addressed, could have significant practical implications for the future of the fashion industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schools have been responding to the ongoing digital transformation, which requires continuous self-reflection and decision-making skills from teachers in the inclusion of new digital technologies in the teaching and learning process. In the present study, descriptive measures were used to understand how 140 teachers, in a school group, perceived their digital competences through the Check-in Questionnaire (Study 1). A school group is a Portuguese organisational unit, constituted by different schools, catering to different age groups, managed by a single director. Study 2 addressed how this specific school group organised teacher training courses, considering the results of Check-in Questionnaire, and the scope of the National Digital Transition Plan. Interviews, in which data content analysis was applied, were undertaken with seven teacher instructors, selected to implement digital training. The results of Study 1 revealed that most teachers are positioned at level 2, an intermediate level, with no differences in age or years of service. In Study 2, instructors revealed that the proficiency level assigned in the Check-in Questionnaire did not always correspond to a teacher's real digital skills, identifying this as one of the obstacles to achieving the initial training aims. The goal of the training was for these professionals to feel committed to their educational context and understand what is intended in the inclusion of digital skills in the classroom. The relevance of this study relates to the current context, which places education and teachers at the centre of a digital agenda focused on the development of digital skills, thus generating new pedagogical practices, while accompanying the process from the initial assessment to the implementation of training in the National Digital Transition Plan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research explores the relationship between the spreading of digital technologies and the maritime labour market. The field of investigation focused on the transport sector in the European and Italian contexts. Firstly, the reasons and main features of the maritime employment crisis are discussed, with particular regard to crew shortage, lack of generational turnover and mismatch. Secondly, the current transition from on-board work to shore-based work is highlighted. The aim of the study is twofold. Primarily, the author intends to illustrate the implications of the spreading of new navigation technologies on the maritime labour market and to investigate the possible developments of the sea-to-land transition. Moreover, the intent is to encourage reflection on how to address the current and future issues that the maritime labour market is facing. The analysis and proposals are divided between the current/short-term situation and the future/long-term issues (that will require completely new actions).

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the evolution and current state of industrial policies in the European Union (EU) from the 1980s to the present day. We specifically focus on the resurgence of interest in such policies from 2020. We argue that industrial policies in the EU during the second half of the 2020s and into the 2030s will differ significantly from previous decades, while acknowledging challenges in fully understanding their scope and implementation. In particular, it is argued that the lack of a meaningful EU fiscal capacity constitutes the biggest challenge for the design and implementation of effective industrial strategies, which risks exacerbating regional and national disparities in the dual transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of RILEX Revista Sobre Investigaciones Léxicas is the property of Editorial de la Universidad de Jaen and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Previous studies show that digital transition brings several benefits and challenges for companies. Among those challenges, particularly for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs), the main one is increased capacitation, from technical roles to management. Considering this, the main objective of this study is to identify the training needs and the ecosystem support in the face of the digital transition for Portuguese manufacturing SMEs.Semi-structured interviews were conducted with industry experts and company professionals in the automotive and textile sectors. It was concluded that all workers, from technical roles to middle and top management, need more digital capabilities and would benefit from training programmes. The most desired areas for training are data science, virtualisation skills, quality assurance, technical training, and soft skills. The preferred format is physical (or hybrid at most) during working hours and with theoretical training before on-the-job learning. Both industrial companies and experts believe in the value of involving external entities in the training of employees, with the three most referred entities being technology and interface centres, universities, and business associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are currently in the middle of the transformation from Martin Heidegger's modern society to a society based on digital technology. In the developing digital society, humans in their current state of 'Being' are increasingly surrounded by systems that are networked and run based on algorithms, software, and data. These interconnected systems function, communicate, and interact in networks and driven by these algorithms, software, and data, which give them the ability to connect, calculate, and reveal. Jointly, these systems thus create a new and actual reality based on their mathematical and scientific background. In the present-day digital society, humans' actual 'state of Being' is increasingly framed by what the digital technology reveals to us and enables. The transition to this new digital reality conjures up more and more questions as to whether we as humans sufficiently understand the essence of digital technology and whether we as humanity have sufficient knowledge and insight to be able to analyze and fathom the essence of the new digital ecology around us. In this article, I will use Heideggerian phenomenology as a philosophy to create a framework that will allow us to, based on phenomenological research into our current 'Dasein' or 'being there', gain deeper insight into the 'Being' of digital technology and the ensuing development of a digital reality for humanity as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose This study examines how local user associations of mental health service-user organizations were affected by the pandemic, in order to provide guidance to user organizations and surrounding actors on future advancements. The pandemic is used as a case to explore organizational resilience and digitalization during crisis. Methods Data from focus group interviews and individual interviews with representatives of ten local associations were analysed using qualitative content analysis. A theoretical framework combining governance theory and organizational theory was applied. Results Typically, associations swiftly restructured activities to support members to meet the urgent needs that arose, not least in relation to the digital transition. Simultaneously, face-to-face interactions was valued and some members became isolated. Public sector actors often did not prioritize collaboration, and the associations had limited agency and influence in advocacy activities. Conclusions User organizations can play an important role in times of crisis. Surrounding social systems should provide resources to counteract resource dependencies and allow organizations to develop operating reserves. They should value collaboration and establish collaborative practices to ensure a readiness to utilize the organizations’ capacities when needed. User organizations should have control over future developments, both to harness the potential of digital connectivity and to prevent a digital divide.

Economic resilience is crucial for urban sustainability as it ensures stability and growth in the face of external shocks, promotes social cohesion and inclusivity, fosters environmental sustainability, and enhances cities' adaptability to future challenges. This study expands the conventional perspective on economic resilience beyond the context of shocks, focusing on the inherent resilience of regional economic systems. A novel method for quantifying economic resilience is introduced, emphasizing system sensitivity and adaptability. Using Chinese prefecture-level city data and an econometric model, we empirically examine how Fintech, a major digital transition in current urban systems, affects economic resilience. The findings reveal that Fintech has a substantial positive effect on economic resilience, primarily through the upgrading of industrial structures and technological innovation. Furthermore, there is significant regional heterogeneity in the impact of Fintech on economic resilience, with more pronounced contributions in the east, central, and western regions of China, as opposed to the northeast. Additionally, the impact of Fintech on economic resilience is more substantial in large-scale cities. The promotion of economic resilience through digital transformation serves as a potent risk prevention measure. Understanding the role of economic resilience in urban systems holds valuable implications for countries worldwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Areas suffering territorial imbalances are at risk, as climate change and inherent social‐spatial vulnerabilities bring uncertainty over their capacity to achieve sustainable development. To enable policy‐makers' vision for them, the paper proposes adopting digitally‐enhanced disaster risk reduction practices which promote civic engagement and evidence‐based decision‐making. The study introduces the concept of Territorial Digital Twins (TDTs) demonstrating the potential benefits of networking distributed information resources and enabling their integration in two paradigmatic Italian inner mountain areas, which are linked to different priorities of the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SFDRR). This contribution argues the importance of complementing the technical approach with the social perspective in the development of TDTs oriented at increasing the community resilience of territorially imbalanced areas. It then illustrates the usefulness of exploiting TDTs (from photogrammetry, GIS mapping, Space Syntax analysis) to overcome the barriers to the SFDRR, and enable its effective implementation in localities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While much attention has been paid to how China's rise as a digital superpower could threaten US hegemony over cyberspace, much less has been written on what the Digital Silk Road, or the presence of Chinese tech firms in developing countries more broadly, means for technological upgrading and development. This article contributes to filling this gap by investigating the technology spillovers emanating from two Chinese tech giants – Huawei and ZTE – in Algeria and Egypt. Using a political economy framework that combines insights from structuralist economic development and techno-politics and drawing on over 70 semi-structured interviews and field-observations, it argues that despite localizing activities that bear the promise of generating significant linkages, the two Chinese tech firms created no meaningful learning opportunities for domestic entities that contribute to technological upgrading. What could at first seem like developmental connections that promote technology transfers are found to be linkages diffusing Chinese infrastructures, hardware, software, processes, and standards that shape distinct digital systems. Without pro-active policies from host governments, the Digital Silk Road risks creating new technological dependencies; locking local ICT actors into activities and relationships captured and defined by Chinese tech giants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research background: Digital ecosystems in Europe are heterogenous organizations involving different economies, industries, and contexts. Among them, Digital Innovation Hubs (DIHs) are considered a policy-driven organization fostered by the European Commission to push companies' digital transition through a wide portfolio of supporting services. Purpose of the article: There are DIHs existing in all European economies, but literature needs more precise indications about their status and nature. The purpose is to study a distribution of DIHs and differences in portfolios of DIHs' services across European economies. Therefore, the paper wants to deliver more precise data on effects on national and European policies. This is required to define their final role and scope in the complex dynamics of the digital transition, depending on regional context and heterogeneity of industries. Methods: Data on 38 economies was collected from the S3 platform (on both existing and in preparation DIHs) and further verified by native speaking researchers using manual web scrapping of websites of DIHs identified from S3. To find potential similarities of digital ecosystems in different economies as emanated by the existence of DIHs, clusterization (Ward's method and Euclidean distances) was applied according to the services offered. Economies were clustered according to the number of DIHs and the spread of DIHs intensity in different cities. The results were further analyzed according to the scope of the provided services. Findings & value added: The applied clustering classified European economies in four different sets, according to the types of services offered by the DIHs. These sets are expression of the different digitalization statuses and strategies of the selected economies and, as such, the services a company can benefit from in a specific economy. Potential development-related reasons behind the data-driven clustering are then conjectured and reported, to guide companies and policy makers in their digitalization strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the specific areas of the global digital transformation in education is the continuing professional training of teachers. In this formal adult training that has taken place alongside work in the last 30 years, the impact of digital transformation can be considered a process suitable for general conclusions. About 25,000 students have graduated from the teacher leadership training program of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics (BME) in the past three decades. This paper presents the content and organizational development process of this training program from the point of view of digitization transformation .The analysis of the theoretical and practical connections of the process analyzes the new kind of adult education characteristics of the function realized between 1993-2023 in parallel with the Digital Transformation. One aspect was based on a comparative study with international trends analysis), which resulted in the developing a new distance education model. From a methodological point of view, our innovation being described was essentially action research. Network structures were significantly created: teachers working in small and development groups comprising senior consultants."Distance education," which initially used classic correspondence solutions, was significantly transformed after the turn of the millennium precisely due to Digital Transformation. Learning Management Systems (LMS) and online solutions that make network communication continuous were developed between 2006-2018. This form of training proves with data that ways and opportunities can be created for quality training alongside work within the lifelong learning framework. The continuously detectable high level of student satisfaction indicates that, in addition to the many tensions of our current way of life and the confinement caused by the pandemic between 2020 and 2022 in the last few years, the prominence of online communication solutions can give a realistic chance of realizing the adult education goals by networking.

The aim of the paper is to examine how the advancement of technology is radically transforming the way we interact with the domestic sphere. The evolution of digital devices has brought new perspectives for redefining living spaces, raising crucial topics about the traditional function-based model. In this context, design plays a key role in shaping the technological revolution of Post-Domestic habitat. This model was challenged by several designer architects, including Joe Colombo and Superstudio. The integration of Augmented Reality (AR) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) allows the creation of heterotopic spaces, inspired by Foucault’s theory. In this perspective, the home environment is transforming into a fluid and mutable space where users can experience new forms of interaction and space relationship. This radical change raises important questions about the future of living.

ABSTRACTThe digital transformation is an important driver of long-run productivity growth and, as such, it has the potential to promote a more inclusive and sustainable growth. However, digital capabilities, crucial to develop and govern new digital technologies, are unevenly distributed across European regions, increasing the risk of divergence and polarisation. By taking advantage of a set of original indicators capturing the level of digital skills in the regional workforce, this work analyses the factors shaping the process of digital skill accumulation in the EU over the period 2011–2018. Relying on transition probability matrices and dynamic random effects probit models, we provide evidence of a strong and persistent regional polarisation in the adoption and deployment of digital skills. Further, we investigate whether structural factors and European funds (European Regional Development Fund, Cohesion Funds and European Social Funds) are capable of shaping the digitalisation process and favouring regional convergence.

Working in the digital age requires a discussion on the right to disconnect. Although it has previously been studied in association with the digital transition movement, the “right to disconnect” has gained relevance in a context of mandatory teleworking due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This situation has led some countries to legislate on the subject, notably Portugal, where the right to disconnect has been enshrined in labour legislation since law no. 83/2021 of 6 December. This article presents a framework of the literature on the right to disconnect, as well as a documentary analysis and an exploratory study carried out in Portugal in November and December 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The survey sought to assess the working conditions of women in telework, particularly about working time. This study stresses that the right to disconnect is linked to the organisation of working time and analyses the negative impact of technology on work, in particular the permanence of the electronic connection to work. The results show that the majority of women value teleworking because they have more time for themselves and their families. However, the women who consider that they have less availability for teleworking indicate that the main reason for this is not being able to disconnect from work. In the context of the digital transition and the expansion of teleworking in organisations and the generalisation of hybrid work, the study of this new “right to disconnect” becomes crucial.

According to the European Data Strategy established in 2020, the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) is described as “the basis for a science, research and innovation data space… and will be connected and articulated with the sectoral data spaces”, being one of the 14 European Common Data Spaces. While current cross-sectoral interactions with the EOSC are realised through the association’s Health Data Task Force, advancements in other EU priorities, such as the Green Deal and the Digital Strategy, should be accelerated in the green and digital transitions and integrated by reinforcing each other to be climate-neutral by 2050. With this motivation, this paper systematically reviews data spaces and digital twins (DTs) within the context of research and innovation. Specifically, focusing on the relevance of the EOSC to the Green Deal Data Space (GDDS) and DTs of the Earth, the relationship between them is explored using a topic search with various keyword combinations in the Web of Science and CORDIS databases. Based on the selected scientific articles and projects, collaboration opportunities are mapped to connect relevant stakeholders. Furthermore, existing and developing service components that could contribute to technical building blocks for the GDDS are identified. In summary, key findings are highlighted, addressing the current gaps and opportunities among the GDDS initiatives presented in this review.

Mozambique is experiencing the consequences of a severe energy crisis with economic and social impacts. Its strict dependence on hydroelectric sources is being severely tested by recent droughts that have drastically reduced water levels in dams. However, Mozambique is addressing energy poverty by exploring renewable energy sources thanks to investments in the sector by the European Union. The research concerns an energy analysis profile of the country and the penetration of renewable energy, presenting an energy upgrading scope through a semi-automatic calculation methodology in a Building Information Modeling (BIM) environment. The building under study, located in Maputo, is the Natural History Museum, which plays an important role in biodiversity conservation. Therefore, this paper proposes a BIM methodology for sizing an environmental control system tailored to serve the museum. The proposed system replaces the previous one and includes a photovoltaic system that not only meets the museum's load but also supplies electricity to the surrounding area. Energy production from renewable sources with a surplus of 30% has been achieved. The proposed digital methodology has identified a maximum gap of 1.5% between the dimensions of the BIM duct and those of a traditional plant design, meeting ASHRAE requirements for environmental control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The second digital wave has positioned artificial intelligence and digital platforms as new general purpose technologies, has driven the emergence of new value sources: prediction and circulation values, and has created a new explanatory phase into the relationship between digitalisation and economy: the digital transition. The governance of the digital transition, fully inserted in globalised capitalism, are not being able to reduce polarisation, economic inequalities, or the worsening environment. The article argues that failure in economic policy is closely linked to failure in political economy. The prevailing neoclassical approach is not being able to comprehensively explain the foundations, behaviour and results of digital economic life. To overcome this limitation, the article proposes a new narrative, the emergence of a new explanatory figure of economic behaviour and exchange. Homo digitalis extends the egotistical, isolated, and rational precepts of Homo economicus, and incorporates the scope of social welfare and environmental sustainability as enabling goals. The main components of Homo digitalis are the emergence of multiple biological, social and virtual identities and worlds; the integration of new forms of artificial and intelligent life into our bodies and minds (transhumanism); and the consolidation of a new egalitarian rule based on the access-platform-collaboration identity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The participation of women in digital society is essential to achieving the objectives of Agenda 2030 and an essential component in the EU strategy for the digital transition. This article applies a poset-based approach to the European Women in Digital (WiD) Scoreboard, to examine the digital inclusion of women in EU Member States and in the UK. The poset methodology enables us to identify the most significant indicators for each of the dimensions of the Scoreboard, considering the EU-28 as well as different clusters of countries, and to construct a new ranking that deals with the shortcomings of the aggregative approaches, the pre-treatment of data and the full compensability effect generated by arithmetic means. Our results show that two indicators, STEM graduates and the unadjusted pay gap, are the most significant for achieving the digital inclusion of women. Our research contributes to better understanding the dynamics and the factors facilitating the digital inclusion of women in the EU-28 Member States, providing a clustering of EU countries into four performance groups depending on the digital inclusion of women. It also contributes to the design of more targeted and effective policies for integrating gender equality into the EU digital transition strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Form@re is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The expansion of teleworking and the digital transition movement have given companies and workers great flexibility, albeit with significant organisational consequences. The recent COVID-19 pandemic further reinforced the scale of this impact. Thus, the current research aims to understand whether the multiple dimensions of telework have impacted upon workers' time management and work intensity through the unprecedented experiences during the pandemic and, in particular, to assess whether telework intensifies work, in what ways and the main reasons for this. The article analyses the literature on teleworking and work intensity and presents a documentary analysis on the subject, in addition to presenting the results of an exploratory study carried out in 2021 in Portugal which investigates the impact of teleworking on workers' time management. The article underlines that although teleworking can increase a worker's well-being by eliminating travel time, it presents several risks, namely it can intensify work through increased pressure to meet objectives and targets. Therefore, it is essential to develop research on the effects of telework, particularly assessing the relationship between telework and work intensification, as well as its effects on working conditions and workers' well-being. This research will be an important resource for regulating labour laws and designing human resource management policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to examine strategies for increasing public trust through strengthening internal HR management in vehicle registration and identification services at the Traffic Directorate of Polda Metro Jaya. The research uses a descriptive-qualitative approach. The method used is a qualitative approach. Based on literature studies and interpretation of research data, this research found that human resources management at the Vehicle Registration and Identification Subdirectorate of the Traffic Directorate of Polda Metro Jaya is still problematic. Apart from the problem of limited police personnel, there are lacks competence and slow digital transition in registration and identification services of the vehicle, which has an impact on the workload and professionalism of the police in serving the needs of the community. Therefore, there are eight human resources management models as a strategy to increase public trust in the quality of the registration and identification services of the vehicle at the Polda Metro Jaya, including: legality, integrity, efficiency, effectiveness, involvement, firmness, transparency, and justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The digital transformation is an important driver of long-run productivity growth and, as such, it has the potential to promote a more inclusive and sustainable growth. However, digital capabilities, crucial to develop and govern new digital technologies, are unevenly distributed across European regions, increasing the risk of divergence and polarisation. By taking advantage of a set of original indicators capturing the level of digital skills in the regional workforce, this work analyses the factors shaping the process of digital skill accumulation in the EU over the period 2011–2018. Relying on transition probability matrices and dynamic random effects probit models, we provide evidence of a strong and persistent regional polarisation in the adoption and deployment of digital skills. Further, we investigate whether structural factors and European funds (European Regional Development Fund, Cohesion Funds and European Social Funds) are capable of shaping the digitalisation process and favouring regional convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Training for the ecological transition in the current scenario cannot fail to call into question a reflection on Artificial Intelligence, this requires a paradigm shift that involves pedagogical reflection as a privileged interlocutor for weighting. Humanoid robotics, artificial intelligence and big data are implementing a revolution of action and thought, which stimulates and pressures pedagogy. At the same time, the ecological transition will be able to benefit from these technological innovation devices, as tools for efficiency and growth, if they are guided by an ethical drive that addresses the common good as the ultimate goal of their work. A further push, both implementing and reflective, is represented by the National Recovery and Resilience Plan, which allows us to pursue a concrete dialogue, thanks to economic funds, between ecological transition and artificial intelligence. Pedagogia della transizione ecologica, formare all’Intelligenza Artificiale tra PNRR e riflessione pedagogica. Formare alla transizione ecologica nello scenario attuale non può prescindere dal chiamare in causa una riflessione anche sull’Intelligenza Artificiale, ciò richiede un cambio di paradigma che coinvolga la riflessione pedagogica come interlocutore privilegiato di ponderazione. Robotica umanoide, Intelligenza Artificiale e big data stanno attuando una rivoluzione, di azione e di pensiero, che sollecita e incalza la pedagogia. Al contempo la transizione ecologica potrà beneficiare di questi dispositivi di innovazione tecnologica, come strumenti di efficientamento e crescita, se essi saranno guidati da una spinta etica che indirizzi al bene comune come fine ultimo del proprio operare. Ulteriore spinta, sia attuativa che riflessiva, è rappresentata dal Piano Nazionale di Ripresa e Resilienza, che consente di perseguire un concreto dialogo, grazie a fondi economici, tra transizione ecologica e intelligenza artificiale.