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This article proposes that Resource Description Framework (RDF) technology is well suited for representing and storing inherently connected epistolary data. We justify this proposition by creating an RDF-based digital edition of the correspondence of members of the Bernoulli dynasty and Leonhard Euler and depicting the benefits this type of edition provides, which are hardly achievable otherwise. We describe the ontologies defined to fully represent letters and illustrate how we formulated letters' historical, scientific content, rich with mathematical formulae, markups, figures, and references, as RDF statements to facilitate complex queries common in the humanities field. Next, we outline the tools we developed for presenting these editions in an efficient and user-friendly form, hiding the complexity of the data structure from non-technical users while offering sophisticated analysis features to explore atoms of knowledge and their relations. Additionally, since the citability and durability of the studied digital sources play a crucial role for scholars who publish research on the editions, we explain the steps we undertook to ensure the sustainability of the RDF-based editions and to offer persistent citation possibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the preparatory and operational stages that led to the development of the digital scientific edition of 57 musical dramas staged in the Republic of Lucca between 1636 and 1705 to celebrate an important political event. This case study prompts a reflection on the relationship between digital humanities and opera theater by providing a detailed state of the art: the increased interest in databases and the significant number of amateurs of the genre explain both the detected distance from the textual data and the poor online availability of philologically curated libretti. Instead, the present edition focuses on the content of the operas in terms of textual typologies, use of sources and characters and, in particular, political ideas. In describing the XML-TEI encoding scheme, this paper aims to show interpretive close reading can enhance the analysis of certain concepts, political in this case, through markup. Although acknowledging some limitations, such as the risk of overlapping and the lack of unambiguous IDs, the results highlight a new way of conceiving the commentary of digital editions which provides scholars with the possibility of using digital tools to annotate and visualize exegetical reading.

This paper will provide some observations on the digital study of Vittorio Alfieri's Panegirico di Plinio a Trajano, investigating how text analysis can become a supporting, creative and efficient tool for computer editions of texts. The potential for producing editions that move towards greater digital sustainability will also be explored.

The Liber Insularum by Cristoforo Buondelmonti can be considered the first guide to the Greek islands, each of them described by a textual paragraph and illustrated by color maps, in a format which gave rise to the new literary genre of Isolaria.” Mapping the Aegean: Cristoforo Buondelmonti’s Liber Insularum” is a Marie Skłodowska-Curie project aimed at the study of this book. This paper illustrates the application of Cadmus, a structured content management tool, to the creation of a digital edition of the Liber and to do this, we focus on the text and map of Corfu as a case study. After a historical introduction on the author and his work and the presentation of the project, we explain why we chose to use this tool and its main characteristics, and we offer a concrete example of its application to the material pertaining to the description of Corfu by showing its frontend output.

The term “scientific edition” is used in a host of different ways and is often understood as a synonym or partial synonym for “academic edition” or “critical edition.” Critical edition is also understood differently in different contexts – either broadly (as a critically edited text with a commentary) or narrowly (as a scientific edition with an extensive commentary). As a result of the emergence of digital media, new impulses for redefining the term “scientific edition” have been brought about by the digital humanities. The article aims at providing a general definition of the scientific edition for print and digital editions and tackles the issue of terminological ambiguity concerning the scientific and critical edition. This vagueness can be observed on the permeability of the boundaries of the given classes in the direction of certain types of editions (documentary and reading edition). Taking into consideration the specific requirements made on digital scientific editions, the article analyses the used terminology and proposes to employ the term “edition on digital medium” for digital editions, digitalised print editions, and editions which were designed for the electronic medium, but did not take the requirements given by the digital paradigm into account.

The article is a working paper from the project ›Non-state law of the economy. The normative order of industrial relations in the metal industry from the Empire to the early years of the Federal Republic of Germany‹, undertaken at the Max Planck Institute for Legal History and Legal Theory in Frankfurt am Main (mpilhlt). A key part of the project is the creation of a digital edition of primary sources that reflects the diversity of norms and regulations in factories of the metal industry in the 19th and 20th centuries. The article illustrates the multiplicity of these normative arrangements by looking at work regulations (Arbeitsordnungen) and explains their importance for the history of labour law as well as the theoretical links to the research of the mpilhlt. Using the regulation of working hours as an example and selecting specific keywords – including the regulation of work breaks, of smoking and of child labour, and the introduction of measures to monitor individual working time – the article demonstrates the possibilities of analysis offered by a digital source edition and discusses preliminary methodological considerations and challenges of the digital editing of legal sources.

The article examines the role of “digital practices” in the formation of interdisciplinary humanitarian knowledge, the peculiarities of the development of digital humanitarian projects in the field of philology. The model of development of a digital project in the field of preparation of semantic markup of literary publications “Chekhov Digital”, which is a digital publication of the academic Сomplete works and letters of A. Chekhov, is considered. The goal of the project is to develop machine-readable (semantic) markup of the writer’s texts based on the standards of digital publication Text Encoding Initiative (TEI). Within the framework of the project, standards for the preparation of digital Russian-language publications are being clarified, conceptual and technical conditions for implementation are being formulated, and infrastructure and new research methods are being developed. The structure of machine-readable annotation of documents has been developed, which enables marking up semantic entities in Chekhov’s texts, notes and comments for building semantic search within the corpus of the writer’s texts. To clarify the markup of semantic entities in the works of A. Chekhov the methods of automatic text processing were used, including topic modeling and vector semantic models to analyze the most important author’s concepts in the texts; corpus methods for studying the contexts of the use of verbal representations of concepts. The conceptual analysis made it possible to reconstruct the author’s concepts in the context of the markup of semantic entities. To mark up the names of real people and objects, a special database, based on pointers to letters, has been created. The project implements the principle of Open data, one of the goals of which is to create scientific communities around data. The work on the project has led to the development of scientific cooperation between the Centers for Digital Humanities of the HSE and the SFedU.

This review examines the Digital Edition of the Diaries of Prince Christian II. von Anhalt-Bernburg, implemented by the University of Freiburg and the Herzog August Bibliothek. The research project, which has been running since 2013 and has not yet been completed, aims to present the entire diary (diplomatic transcription and facsimiles) of the prince which comprises a total of approximately 17,400 pages. In its digital approach, the project offers a sound-text-presentation that far surpasses that of the print medium (e.g., enrichment with norm data, visualizations, provision of Linked Open Data), but the lack of technical documentation makes it difficult to trace the workflow, archiving, or even subsequent use of the data.

The term "scientific edition" is used in a host of different ways and is often understood as a synonym or partial synonym for "academic edition" or "critical edition." Critical edition is also understood differently in different contexts - either broadly (as a critically edited text with a commentary) or narrowly (as a scientific edition with an extensive commentary). As a result of the emergence of digital media, new impulses for redefining the term "scientific edition" have been brought about by the digital humanities. The article aims at providing a general definition of the scientific edition for print and digital editions and tackles the issue of terminological ambiguity concerning the scientific and critical edition. This vagueness can be observed on the permeability of the boundaries of the given classes with regards to certain types of editions (documentary and reading edition). Taking into consideration the specific requirements made on digital scientific editions, the article analyses the used terminology and proposes to employ the term "edition on digital medium" for digital editions, digitalised print editions, and editions which were designed for the electronic medium, but did not take the requirements given by the digital paradigm into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article discusses theoretical and practical issues of creating tools for demonstrating medieval Slavonic text corpus at the "Manuscript" website (http:// manuscripts.ru/). The specific features of the historical corpus and its sources are: the limited number of manuscripts, variability of medieval graphics and orthography, complex structure, and composition of original documents. They require special instruments and techniques for data preparation (information about a text and its physical media, analytical tagging of fragments, variability, and other), and visualization of data sampling, including texts. The article focuses on the ways of solving two opposite tasks: the texts' demonstration in a form as close as possible to the original and their simplified form, and, consequently, the possibilities of their transformation. The first task should be solved by preparing a transcription via a specialized editing tool, which interacts with the full-text database with a complete set of required characters, text formatting, and make-up to fit the original page. To solve the second problem, analytical tagging (chapters and verses, authors of texts, structure of manuscript, main text and marginalia, and so forth) and linguistic tagging (including lemmatization) are performed to make data search and data transformation available when displayed. The latter allows users to see a text in modern Cyrillic or Latin, syllables, meaning of analytical fragments, links between the main text and its marginalia, and so forth. The ability to data search based on deep tagging and the results of transcription is illustrated by a query form of the Apostolus Christinopolitanus digital edition (LIM, MS 37, 13th c., 291 f.) which has been included in the "Manuscript" historical corpus [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the various types of editions that can exist, both on paper and digitally, this contribution emphasizes the importance of identifying some scientifically recognizable and shared criteria to define the identity and character of a ‘critical’ edition. Based on the Observatory on Critical Editions of the University of Milan's reflections and experience, it then proposes introducing the same criteria, while taking into account the diversity of media, also in the evaluation of digital critical editions.

Digital editions of books are enjoying a tremendous success in recent years, especially after COVID pandemics limited the access to physical books. But digital editions can be much more than just a digital reproduction of the pages of a printed book. For this reason, the Bibliotheca Hertziana, among other institutions, is investing lot of resources in order to improve the offer of digital publications, with the support of new technologies such as neural text recognition. Crucial points include the use of shared standards such as TEI XML and open source platforms such as TEI Publisher to ensure long-term accessibility and preservation.

TEITOK is a web-based system designed to bring scholarly editing and computational linguistics together with the purpose of creating and hosting online language corpora. The system offers a visually attractive environment for digital editing based on the XML/TEI standard. TEITOK consists of automatic processes for carrying out many linguistic text processing tasks and functions. It boasts an intuitive interface via which researchers and corpus creators, who are not always computer literate, can manage corpus maintenance and error correction. The tokenization strategy in TEITOK permits the linking of the different levels of editing and annotation of each word in a single XML document for subsequent retrieval of information. This method provides a tool for editing, annotating, and exploiting corpora with a powerful search engine. TEITOK stands out for its high customisation and adaptability to a wide variety of corpora. In this article we analyse its utilities oriented mainly towards the creation of historical corpora, taking for this purpose the particular case of Oralia diacrónica del español (ODE).

The webinar “Medieval archival sources in the digital world. The challenge of treating and visualizing semi-structured data”, organized by the Digital Culture Laboratory (UNIPI) and by the Engineering Historical Memory project. This thematic dossier aims to offer a brief account of the results of the workshop, with particular attention to future collaborations and experimentations in the field of processing and extracting information from semi-structured editions of archival documents. These advanced features are essential to broaden the use of digital editions of archival sources and other written documents, making them more flexible and open to research tools. The central problem concerns the relationship between text coding and the creation of good interfaces, to which the user can accessintuitively.

The paper describes context, development, methodology, tools, problems and plans for the future of the research activities which have already originated the collaborative digital critical edition of the documents of the Abbey of S. Maria della Grotta (2018). This edition aimed at experimenting with the editor of the Monasterium.Net platform and was developed by an international group of editors. Its main function was to test the real and current possibilities of producing critical editions of documents online and to address the problem of the full recognition of digital products of this kind within the relevant scientific community. Naturally, this function implies also the search for a practical solution to interrogate and interpret the data it contains.

In the field of schorlarly digital editing, many innovative applications have been produced to visualise scholarly editions online. Even if some of these applications are specifically meant to be used for different editions, it can be really complicated to reuse these products for different edition projects. In an article about the future of digital editions, Pierazzo wrote that “what is missing is the proposal of a scholarly model which is theoretically and editorially based”. In this article I propose an abstract model, designed to facilitate a more sustainable development and reuse of applications for digital editions and to consolidate the experimentations carried out so far. On a theoretical level, the model is based on the analysis of different philological methodologies, in order to be easily applicable to different editions. On a technical level, in order to be interoperable between different systems, the model can be formalized as an ontology. This ontology could then allow to adopt the methodologies of the Ontology-Driven Software Development approach. Finally, I illustrate the further steps of the research that are necessary, in order to transform the abstract model proposed in an effective and pragmatic tool for reuse and the generalization of applications for digital editions.

The article aims to establish a brief history of the transmission of Greco-Roman texts, addressing the materials that supported their writing. The most common artifacts used will be verified, such as ceramics, papyrus, and parchment rolls, the making of the codex, the innovation of paper, the revolution of Gutenberg's printing press and the dissemination of books, and, finally, the electronic text stored in more recent computational artifacts. Thus, it is proposed to describe the changes in text reproduction and the insertion of digital technologies in classical studies, resulting in digital editions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an approach to the production of web-based interactive fiction, which is grounded in the requirements posed by an expert focus group, and which integrates a domain-specific language (DSL) for interactive fiction (HEXIFE) and an authoring tool for this DSL (IFDBMaker). HEXIFE is an extension of HMTL5 that includes markup specifically devoted to different aspects of interactive fiction, such as hyperlinking, choice points, personalization, stretchtext, annotations, conditional content, and gamification. This DSL, which can be easily extended with new interactive fiction behaviors, is supported by a runtime environment based on conventional web technologies (HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, Web Components, PHP, and MySQL). IFDBMaker, in turn, piggybacks in a widely used web-based HTML editing framework (TinyMCE) to allow the creation of interactive HEXIFE fiction through a user-friendly approach. A postmortem evaluation shows how: (i) the approach makes the feasibility of supporting interactive fiction on conventional web technologies apparent; and (ii) the approach is a feasible one to actively involve writers in the final production of interactive fiction that are distributed and played through the web. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with possibilities of reconstructing and publishing an unknown collection of poems written by the poet Vojtech Mihálik (1926 – 2001), which he submitted to a literary competition organized by the publishing house Tranoscius in 1946. The collection has not been found to date. Its reconstruction is based on the list of the poems, which is found in one of Mihálik´s manuscript notebooks, and its result gives a rough idea about the collection. The paper refers to foreign impulses from the area of digital editions and possibilities which are offered by these inspiring projects when dealing with editorial and textological issues. These stimuli form the basis for the efforts to outline possible alternatives and approaches to creating a digital edition which would appropriately present the process of reconstructing the collection Ruža/The Rose, while the selective nature of the reconstruction has not been concealed. Furthermore, publishing of all the available materials related to the reconstruction would make it possible for a user to verify the work done by the editor.

On the case of preparing the digital edition of »Jožefina and Fidelij Terpinc Correspondence (1825-1858),« the article tries to present digital editions in relation to generally more common print editions. Through the process of making an own digital edition of the correspondence, methods, manners, challenges and theoretical grounds, which we faced, are presented. Besides trying to define a digital edition and facts that differentiate it from a print edition, the article also presents the work flow step by step. It also presents characteristics of digitization and tools for transcription, standards and technologies for markup and coding of text, like XML and TEI standard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the phenomenon of text reuse in the manuscript tradition of Ethiopia and Eritrea and, by examining examples of different forms of text reuse, presents the possibilities of its encoding in TEI XML within the frame of the project Beta maṣāḥǝft. Text reuse, which consists in the implicit or explicit repetition of text, is attested in a variety of forms, including quotations, allusions, paraphrases, and cross-linguistic text reuse. The documentation of this practice contributes to the study of different aspects of the manuscript tradition, for example, to the impact and relative dating of texts, and history of their transmission. The variety of text reuse forms allows for different approaches to their encoding which are presented in this paper to illustrate the possibilities of text reuse markup within the project’s schema. Additionally, the paper discusses the concept of narrative units and its difference to the concept of text reuse, as well as the markup of a type of text reuse which involves the reference to external entities.

The aim of this article is to discuss the current state of Arabic Bible studies from a Digital Humanist perspective. It presents an overview of the current existing digital resources, such as digital manuscript collections, and underlines the importance of developing digital projects for the study of Arabic versions of the Bible with a focus on the New Testament. It will also shed light on future challenges and the urgent needs of the scientific field in order to harness the full potential of digital scholarship.

This paper focuses on the design principles and features of the 'Digital Solomos' project, a digital edition of the corpus of Dionysios Solomos' manuscripts that is currently being developed at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki. The digital edition in question will include digital facsimiles of almost all of Solomos' draft manuscripts (provided by the institutes where they are housed) as well as digital tools to enhance the reader's interaction with the digital surrogates and the transcribed text. After a brief overview of the editing traditions developed around the editorial problem of Solomos' unfinished works, the paper focuses on the relationship between the digital edition under development and the groundbreaking diplomatic edition that Linos Politis envisioned and compiled in 1964. The features of the diplomatic digital edition are then described, namely its layout and the options it provides for manipulating the document facsimiles and analyzing the texts contained within them. Finally, the paper's closing section refers to the design and characteristics of the digital genetic edition of Funeral Ode II, a small poem by Dionysios Solomos, which will be the first (experimental) genetic edition to be included within the 'Digital Solomos' project.

After a brief introduction to the history of the Husserl Archives I focus on the methodological specificities in studying Husserl’s work on the basis of his manuscripts and of his archives. In a second step I expound on the effects that the current shift from an analogous to a hybrid analogous and digital archives is producing in the self-understanding of the practices of our institution. Particularly, developing digital technology means that the Husserl Archives are entering a new phase in respect to how archival and editorial impulses will affect the presentation of Husserl’s writings. Finally, I offer some perspectives about how the planned virtual platform («digitalHusserl»), which will give direct access to his manuscripts, is designed to promote a new understanding of Husserl’s specific process of philosophical writing, of his unique wording of thoughts.

Over two hundred years after Immanuel Kant’s death, the first full, critical, and digital edition of his last manuscript is currently being completed by the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften. This edition stands in institutional continuity with Wilhelm Dilthey’s monumental Akademieausgabe of Kant’s writings that was grounded in Dilthey’s lastingly influential concept of the national, literary-philosophical archive. The new edition showcases Kant’s dynamic writing process as a matter of investigation in its own right. As I argue here, it brings into view the constitutive role of the archive for both texts and interpretative practices. A historical perspective that links the legacy of the Akademieausgabe with the digital edition of the Opus postumum highlights the changing role of the archive in emphasising or de-emphasising the manuscript’s resistance to certain appropriations and stylisations of Kant as a thinker.

The Jugend Edition is a critical edition of Wolfgang Koeppen’s Jugend, which was published in 1976. It took more than fifteen years for Koeppen to write Jugend. The edition offers the opportunity to dive into the work of Wolfgang Koeppen and to follow him along during his writing process. After his death, all of the material related to Jugend was digitized and is presented as a complex dossier génétique. This review provides an overview of the presented documents, as well as the main features and appearance of the edition, with a special emphasis on its presentation of genetic relationships.

ediarum.DB, ediarum.BASE.edit and ediarum.REGISTER.edit are the three currently released modules of the ediarum editing environment developed by the TELOTA initiative at the BBAW in Berlin. The set of two frameworks for the Oxygen XML Editor and one exist-db application aims to support digital scholarly editors in generating and annotating TEI-XML Data. The frameworks offer a graphical interface within Oxygen XML Editor to add mark-up and metadata for a subset of TEI elements without the need of manually editing XML files. The modules are open-source and intended to be used as a starting point or toolbox for other developers to create project-specific customized frameworks. Despite some parts of the modules only being available in German as of this moment, and some need for improved documentation, the ediarum modules already offer a flexible and open way for researchers to edit their TEI data and a resource for other developers to build upon in their projects.

The project of editing the early Biographie W. A. Mozart’s (1828) by Georg Nikolaus Nissen (Nissen Online) began as part of the Digital Mozart-Edition (DME) at the Mozarteum Foundation Salzburg. The aim of the edition is to reveal the structure of the text by identifying the diverse sources Nissen relied on when writing the biography. These include primary sources such as original letters and documents from the Mozart family, secondary sources such as contemporary literature about Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and original text written by the author and later editors. Considering the challenges that arise when creating an edition that tries to define the different strands of a text, this paper describes how XML/TEI markup was applied to encode text passages which often do not correlate with common text structures (paragraphs, chapters); document different types of sources and their authors or editors; and integrate a detailed bibliography of the sources as well as critical annotations for each single text passage.

The paper deals with possibilities of reconstructing and publishing an unknown collection of poems written by the poet Vojtech Mihálik (1926 - 2001), which he submitted to a literary competition organized by the publishing house Tranoscius in 1946. The collection has not been found to date. Its reconstruction is based on the list of the poems, which is found in one of Mihálik's manuscript notebooks, and its result gives a rough idea about the collection. The paper refers to foreign impulses from the area of digital editions and possibilities which are offered by these inspiring projects when dealing with editorial and textological issues. These stimuli form the basis for the efforts to outline possible alternatives and approaches to creating a digital edition which would appropriately present the process of reconstructing the collection Ruža/The Rose, while the selective nature of the reconstruction has not been concealed. Furthermore, publishing of all the available materials related to the reconstruction would make it possible for a user to verify the work done by the editor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After a brief introduction to the history of the Husserl Archives I focus on the methodological specificities in studying Husserl's work on the basis of his manuscripts and of his archives. In a second step I expound on the effects that the current shift from an analogous to a hybrid analogous and digital archives is producing in the self-understanding of the practices of our institution. Particularly, developing digital technology means that the Husserl Archives are entering a new phase in respect to how archival and editorial impulses will affect the presentation of Husserl's writings. Finally, I offer some perspectives about how the planned virtual platform («digital-Husserl»), which will give direct access to his manuscripts, is designed to promote a new understanding of Husserl's specific process of philosophical writing, of his unique wording of thoughts1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over two hundred years after Immanuel Kant's death, the first full, critical, and digital edition of his last manuscript is currently being completed by the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften. This edition stands in institutional continuity with Wilhelm Dilthey's monumental Akademieausgabe of Kant's writings that was grounded in Dilthey's lastingly influential concept of the national, literaryphilosophical archive. The new edition showcases Kant's dynamic writing process as a matter of investigation in its own right. As I argue here, it brings into view the constitutive role of the archive for both texts and interpretative practices. A historical perspective that links the legacy of the Akademieausgabe with the digital edition of the Opus postumum highlights the changing role of the archive in emphasising or de-emphasising the manuscript's resistance to certain appropriations and stylisations of Kant as a thinker. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article introduces the complete digital edition of Tommaso Campanella's letters. It is a transcription of the full corpus of 172 letters written by Campanella in the years 1591-1639. This work is built on the print collection edited by Germana Ernst and published in 2010 by Olschki. Beyond metadata, an asset in themselves, each letter is enriched by information about the manuscript source (including the archive or the library holding it), the various editions, and a brief summary. The collection offers a detailed and comprehensive vision of the harsh conditions Campanella had to live through during the trials and the long years of imprisonment, at the same time showing, first-hand, the philosophical and theological discussions he had with learned of his time. In order to enhance this intellectual network, the opportunity of including the collection within the great Italian and European epistolary projects has been explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work reflects about semantic markup from the point of view of digital publishing and editing. It’s coined the term “data-first” with the meaning of the use of structured data in digital content to improve how search engines understand precisely the information these contents embodied. Evolution and adoption os Schema.org vocabulary is outlined, as a de facto web standard, due to its impact in web engine optimization and featured snippets in SERPs. Finally, contented phenomena as direct answers in search results and zero-click searches are presented as results of the spread of interaction with conversational assistants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]