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Francisco Pastor-Pascual,1 Paz Orts-Vila,2 Pedro Tañá-Sanz,2 Santiago Tañá-Sanz,2 Pedro Tañá-Rivero2 1Cataract and Refractive Surgery Department, Oftalvist Valencia, Valencia, Spain; 2Cataract and Refractive Surgery Department, Oftalvist Alicante, Alicante, SpainCorrespondence: Pedro Tañá-Rivero, Oftalvist Alicante, Avda. Dénia 76, Alicante, 03013, Spain, Tel +34 965 14 15 00, Email rdi@oftalvist.esPurpose: To assess the refractive and visual outcomes at different distances following cataract surgery with implantation of an omnidirectional aberration-free diffractive trifocal toric intraocular lens (IOL).Methods: A total of 24 patients who underwent bilateral implantation with the TrivaT-aAY IOL were analyzed at 3– 4 months post-surgery. Refractive error, monocular and binocular uncorrected and corrected-distance visual acuity (UDVA, CDVA), uncorrected and corrected-distance intermediate visual acuity (UIVA, CDIVA) at 60 cm, uncorrected and corrected-distance near visual acuity (UNVA, CDNVA) at 40 cm, monocular and binocular defocus curve and rotational stability were measured. Patients also completed the Catquest-9SF questionnaire at the last postoperative visit.Results: The postoperative mean values of binocular logMAR CDVA, CDIVA and CDNVA were − 0.06± 0.06, 0.05± 0.07 and 0.07± 0.08, respectively. One hundred percent of patients showed a cumulative binocular CDVA ≥ 20/25, and 95.83% of patients showed a cumulative binocular CDIVA and CDNVA ≥ 20/32. The mean postoperative spherical equivalent was 0.07± 0.26D and 100% and 97.92% eyes were within ± 1.00D and ± 0.50D, respectively. The mean postoperative refractive cylinder was − 0.22± 0.29D and 100% and 89.58% eyes showed a value ≤ 1.00D and ≤ 0.50D, respectively. The defocus curves showed a wide range of useful vision, with visual acuity values > 0.2 logMAR. Mean absolute IOL rotation was 2.19± 2.17 degrees and all eyes had a rotation < 10 degrees. For the questionnaire, 95.83% of patients reported being quite satisfied to very satisfied with their vision and about 79.17% did not report any difficulty with their vision in their everyday life. Between 83.33% and 95.83% of patients reported no difficulty performing different tasks. No intra- and postoperative complications were reported during the follow-up.Conclusion: Our study shows that the TrivaT-aAY IOL provides good visual acuities at all distances and refractive outcomes with excellent rotational stability and with high satisfaction among our patients after its implantation.Keywords: astigmatism, toric, diffractive, trifocal, intraocular lens, cataract

Refractive and diffractive solar sails have been cited to yield benefits in both performance and utility over reflective sails, but their range of viable flight regimes and future applications have not been fully explored. In this paper, a flight model is developed to test and compare these transmissive sail designs under realistic conditions. Raw performance is translated into tangible flight characteristics within a range of flight regimes, such as rate change of orbital energy and minimum operational altitude, and used to make comparison with reflective sails and contemporary thrusters. Additionally, the sensitivity of these flight characteristics to certain orbital parameters is explored when operating under either a locally optimal or simplified Sun-pointing steering law. The developed flight model focuses on solar radiation pressure, atmospheric drag and the effects of eclipse and orbital precession; locally optimal steering laws are numerically generated for every flight regime using a ray tracing-derived performance sensitivity profile. Relative to an idealised reflective sail, the sensitivity of transmissive sail performance is found to be lower for altitude, but higher for orbital inclination. High performance transmissive sail designs are found to outperform idealised reflective ones in every flight regime nonetheless. Meanwhile, only certain lower performance designs demonstrate this trait; others retain advantage only within high inclination, low altitude orbits. 36 m 2 transmissive sails performing an orbit-raising manoeuvre from low Earth orbit are shown to generate transit times comparable to mid-range electric thrusters. In light of these findings, potential applications for transmissive sails are discussed, as well as several practical considerations and potential limitations. • Solar sail performance and operational flexibility improved by transmissive membranes. • Non-meta transmissive sails find advantage at low altitude and/or high inclination. • Transmissive metasails find advantage in every flight regime. • Transmissive sails may fulfil contemporary thruster roles in low Earth orbit. • Transmissive sails may provide feasible space debris mitigation strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hakan Kaymak,1,2 Richard Potvin,3 Kai Neller,1,2 Karsten Klabe,1 Robert Donald Anello4 On behalf of the NINO Study Group1Internationale Innovative Ophthalmochirurgie GbR, Duesseldorf, Germany; 2Institute of Experimental Ophthalmology, Saarland University, Homburg/Saar, Germany; 3Science in Vision, Frisco, TX, USA; 4Global Clinical and Medical Affairs, Hoya Surgical Optics, Irvine, CA, USACorrespondence: Robert Donald Anello, HOYA Surgical Optics, 110 Progress, Suite 175, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA, Tel +1 909-224-6149, Email bob.anello@hoya.comPurpose: To evaluate clinical outcomes after bilateral or contralateral implantation of the Gemetric™ (G) and Gemetric™ Plus (GPlus) diffractive trifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs).Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, multi-center open-label study comparing clinical results and subjective patient responses around 6 months after implantation of the study lenses (toric and non-toric) in three different groups (bilateral G, bilateral GPlus and contralateral G/GPlus implantation). Results included the manifest refraction, uncorrected and distance corrected monocular and binocular visual acuity (VA) at distance, intermediate and near; the defocus curve; contrast sensitivity; and patient reported outcomes regarding spectacle independence, satisfaction and visual disturbances.Results: There was no statistically significant difference in the mean refraction spherical equivalent between the two lens models (p = 0.33) or between the toric and non-toric lenses (p = 0.06). Monocular VA was better at distance with the G lens and better at near with the GPlus lens (p < 0.01). Mean binocular VA was better than 0.1 logMAR at all distances for all groups, both uncorrected and distance corrected. The mean binocular distance corrected VA was better than 0.15 logMAR from 0.0 D to − 3.50 D for all groups. All VA data for the contralateral group was as good or better than for the bilateral GPlus group. Questionnaire results showed no difference between groups for the frequency, severity, or degree of bother of visual disturbances (p > 0.24).Conclusion: The two diffractive trifocal IOLs studied here may be used either bilaterally or contralaterally for the correction of presbyopia in cataract patients, providing excellent visual acuity with low levels of visual disturbances and high rates of overall spectacle independence. Bilateral Gemetric implantation resulted in slightly better distance and intermediate vision while contralateral implantation provided slightly better near vision. There was no apparent advantage to implanting the GPlus IOL bilaterally.Keywords: Gemetric™, Gemetric™ Plus, trifocal, presbyopia-correcting, diffractive, trifocal, Vivinex&#x2122

Santiago Tañá-Sanz, Pedro Tañá-Sanz, Maria Dolores Rodríguez-Carrillo, María Ruiz-Santos, Clara Álvarez de Toledo, Pedro Tañá-Rivero Cataract and Surgery Department, Oftalvist Alicante, Alicante, SpainCorrespondence: Pedro Tañá-Rivero, Oftalvist Alicante, C/ Angel Lozano 11, Alicante, 03001, Spain, Tel + 34 965 141 500, Email rdi@oftalvist.esPurpose: To assess refractive and visual outcomes post-cataract surgery with bilateral implantation of a bi-aspheric diffractive trifocal intraocular lens (IOL).Methods: A total of 24 patients who underwent bilateral implantation with the Asqelio Trifocal IOL TFLIO130C were evaluated at the 6 months postoperative mark. Key outcome measures included refractive error, photopic monocular and binocular uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity (UDVA, CDVA), uncorrected and corrected intermediate visual acuity (UIVA, CDIVA) at 60 cm, and uncorrected and corrected near visual acuity (UNVA, CDNVA) at 40 cm. Additionally, monocular and binocular CDNVA were assessed under mesopic conditions. Monocular and binocular defocus curves, and binocular contrast sensitivity under photopic and mesopic conditions, with and without glare, were measured. Catquest-9SF and visual symptoms questionnaires were also administered.Results: Postoperative average values of binocular logMAR photopic CDVA, photopic CDIVA, photopic CDNVA and mesopic CDNVA were − 0.01± 0.06, 0.03± 0.09, 0.02± 0.05 and 0.19± 0.13, respectively. About 100% of patients showed cumulative CDVA and CDNVA ≥ 20/25, and CDIVA ≥ 20/32. The average absolute depth-of-focus was about 4.50D. The average postoperative spherical equivalent was 0.05± 0.30D and 100% and 93.75% eyes were within ± 1.00D and ± 0.50D, respectively. Contrast sensitivity was either within or above normal levels under both photopic and mesopic conditions, both with and without glare, except for 12 cpd under mesopic conditions with glare where the mean falls just below the normal range. Questionnaires revealed that 87.5% of patients were either satisfied or very satisfied with their vision after the surgery, and higher percentages for no difficulty in performing different activities, ranging from 70.83% to 95.83%, were reported.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the bi-aspheric diffractive trifocal IOL yields very good visual performance across distances, fostering high satisfaction levels and minimal difficulties in daily activities.Keywords: trifocal, diffractive, intraocular lens, phacoemulsification, cataract

Francisco Pastor-Pascual,1 Paz Orts-Vila,2 Pedro Tañá-Sanz,2 Santiago Tañá-Sanz,2 Pedro Tañá-Rivero2 1Cataract and Refractive Surgery Department, Oftalvist Valencia, Valencia, Spain; 2Cataract and Refractive Surgery Department, Oftalvist Alicante, Alicante, SpainCorrespondence: Pedro Tañá-Rivero, Oftalvist Alicante, Avda. Dénia 76, Alicante, 03013, Spain, Tel/Fax +34 965 14 15 00, Email rdi@oftalvist.esPurpose: To evaluate the refractive and visual outcomes following cataract surgery and implantation of a diffractive trifocal intraocular lens (IOL) with a 7.0 mm optical zone.Methods: A total of 23 patients who underwent bilateral implantation with the Triva-aXAY IOL were analyzed at 6 months post-surgery. The main outcome measures were refractive error, monocular and binocular uncorrected and corrected-distance visual acuity (UDVA, CDVA), uncorrected and corrected-distance intermediate visual acuity (UIVA, CDIVA) at 60 cm, uncorrected and corrected-distance near visual acuity (UNVA, CDNVA) at 40 cm, and binocular defocus curve. Patients also completed the Catquest-9SF questionnaire.Results: All eyes were within ± 1.00D, and 91.30% of eyes within ± 0.50D, with a mean postoperative spherical equivalent of – 0.14± 0.29D. Similarly, 95.65% of patients showed a binocular UDVA ≥ 20/25, compared to 100% for CDVA, and the mean binocular UDVA and CDVA were 0.02± 0.06 and 0.00± 0.05 logMAR, respectively. At intermediate vision, 65.22% of patients showed a binocular UIVA ≥ 20/25, compared to 86.96% for CDIVA, and the mean binocular UIVA and CDIVA were 0.07± 0.06 and 0.06± 0.06 logMAR, respectively. At near, 95.65% of patients showed a binocular UNVA and CDNVA ≥ 20/25, with a mean binocular UDNVA and CDNVA of 0.04± 0.07 and 0.02± 0.05 logMAR, respectively. Finally, 95.65% of patients reported being quite satisfied to very satisfied with their vision and about 74% did not report any difficulty with their vision in their everyday life. Between 65.22% and 100% of patients reported no difficulty performing different tasks.Conclusion: Our study shows good visual and refractive outcomes with high satisfaction in patients implanted with the Triva-aXAY IOL with a 7.0 mm optical zone.Keywords: large optic, diffractive, trifocal, intraocular lens, cataract

Joaquin O De Rojas,1 Helga P Sandoval,2 Richard Potvin,3 Kerry D Solomon2 1Center for Sight/US Eye, Sarasota, FL, USA; 2Carolina Eyecare Physicians/US Eye, Mt. Pleasant, SC, USA; 3Science in Vision, Bend, OR, USACorrespondence: Joaquin O De Rojas, Center for Sight, PL, 2601 S. Tamiami Trail, Sarasota, FL, 34239, USA, Email jderojas@centerforsight.netPurpose: To evaluate vision, visual quality, patient satisfaction and spectacle independence after bilateral implantation of the TECNIS Synergy™ intraocular lens.Setting: Two clinical practices in the USA.Design: Ambispective unmasked non-randomized clinical trial.Methods: Patients with a history of uneventful bilateral femtosecond laser assisted cataract surgery with the study IOL implanted, targeted for emmetropia, at least 3 months prior to the study visit were enrolled. Monocular and binocular visual acuity (VA) were measured at distance, intermediate and near, along with binocular mesopic VA. Low contrast binocular VA and reading speed in mesopic and photopic conditions were also measured. Patient satisfaction, spectacle independence, visual symptoms, and functional vision questionnaires were completed.Results: Results from 52 subjects were available for analysis. Mean binocular unaided visual acuity was ~0.1 logMAR (20/20) from distance to 33 cm, with 81% of subjects having 0.2 logMAR (20/25) vision or better at all test distances and 92% reporting never needing glasses at any distance. Average reading speed at 40 cm was only 10 words/minute slower in dim light (p = 0.03). Mesopic and low contrast acuity appeared good. Halos were the most frequent and bothersome visual disturbances, with the greatest effect on driving at night. Eighty-eight percent of subjects reported being “completely” or “mostly” satisfied with their overall unaided vision.Conclusion: This hybrid technology IOL provided a range of binocular visual acuity from distance to 33 cm and good functional vision, even in dim light. Patients should be advised of the likelihood of visual disturbances, particularly halos.Keywords: synergy, multifocal IOL, diffractive, hybrid technology

Cube corner retroreflector is an optical element with high reflectivity, widely used to improve safety in low-light environments. High-precision and surface finish die cores are used to mass-produce high-quality retroreflectors. There are periodic micro-morphologies on the die core surface machined by diamond fly-cutting, which weaken the reflection characteristics of optical elements. The finite element method theoretically revealed the relationship between optical defects and surface topography, and the fly-cutting experiment was carried out to verify the analysis. At the same time, an efficient machining method to eliminate the diffraction phenomenon is proposed. According to the machining results, the error source of this method is analyzed and calibrated. This research provides a new idea for obtaining the optical plane of retroreflectors with high efficiency and accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To assess the influence of biometric measurements on the defocus curve after the implantation of enlarged depth-of-focus (EDoF) intraocular lens (IOL). Methods: Patients who underwent cataract surgery with bilateral implantation of Tecnis Symfony IOL were enrolled. Preoperatively, axial length (AL), corneal keratometry (K), pupil size and corneal aberrations were measured. 1 month after surgery, distance, intermediate, and near visual acuities (VA) were recorded. At 3 months, monocular and binocular corrected contrast sensitivities under photopic and mesopic lighting conditions were measured with CSV-1000E test. At 6-months, the defocus curve between −5.00 to + 3.00 diopters (D) was assessed in steps of 0.50 D, and NEI-RQL-42 questionnaire was administered. Results: One hundred thirty one eyes of 66 patients were included. Binocular logMAR VA better than 0.1 for intermediate vision was obtained in 90% of patients, whereas only 17.7% obtained that result in near vision. The rate of satisfaction was high (96%) and most of them (85.5%) had no or little difficulties in near vision. The mean amplitude of the defocus curve was 2.35D ± 0.73D, and smaller AL, smaller pupils, younger age, and male sex were associated with wider range of clear vision. Conclusions: Tecnis Symfony IOL enables functional vision at all distances, but demographic variables and preoperative biometric measurements like AL and pupil size influence the postoperative amplitude of the defocus curve. These parameters could be used to predict the performance of EDoF IOLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reading through one another insights raised by feminist thinkers Gloria Anzaldúa, Chela Sandoval, Rosi Braidotti and Karen Barad, this work analyses the 1994 autofictional film Brincando el charco. Portrait of a Puerto Rican by New York-based filmmaker and scholar Frances Negrón-Muntaner. This film is approached as a prime example of ways in which feminist autofictional practices in cinema have the potential to reframe the notions of identity and home, beyond dominant—sexist, racist, and homophobic—narratives. Barad’s diffractive methodology allows for bringing together Anzaldúa’s mestiza consciousness, Sandoval’s differential consciousness and Braidotti’s nomadic consciousness, as a conceptual apparatus to unpack how Negrón-Muntaner combines fiction, autobiography and documentary footage in order to problematise androcentric narratives, come to terms with her multi-layered identity as a queer member of the Puerto Rican diaspora, and ultimately manage to build an alternative, always-in-the-making, home for herself.

Cataract surgery including intraocular lens (IOL) insertion, has been refined extensively since the first such procedure by Sir Harold Ridley in 1949. The intentional creation of monovision with IOLs using monofocal IOL designs has been reported since 1984. The first reported implantation of multifocal IOLs was published in 1987. Since then, various refractive and or diffractive multifocal IOLs have been commercialised. Most are concentric, but segmented IOLs are also available. The most popular are trifocal designs (overlaying two diffractive patterns to achieve additional focal planes at intermediate and near distances) and extended depth of focus designs which leave the patient largely spectacle independent with the reduced risk of bothersome contrast reduction and glare. As well as mini-monovision, surgical strategies to minimise the impact of presbyopia with IOLs includes mixing and matching lenses between the eyes and using IOLs whose power can be adjusted post-implantation. Various IOL designs to mimic the accommodative process have been tried including hinge optics, dual optics, lateral shifts lenses with cubic-type surfaces, lens refilling and curvature changing approaches, but issues in maintaining the active mechanism with post-surgical fibrosis, without causing ocular inflammation, remain a challenge. With careful patient selection, satisfaction rates with IOLs to manage presbyopia are high and anatomical or physiological complications rates are no higher than with monofocal IOLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To evaluate the retinal image of two types of aspheric diffractive multifocal intraocular lens(IOL).METHODS: Retrospective cohort study. Totally 155 cases of simple cataract who received phacoemulsification combined with IOLs implantation from October 2017 to October 2019. They were divided into three groups according to the types of IOL: Aspheric Bifocal Diffractive Group: 54 patients(54 eyes); Aspheric Trifocal Diffractive Group: 54 patients(54 eyes); Aspheric Monofocal Group: 47 patients(47 eyes). All patients were evaluated postoperatively at 6mo. Double-pass visual quality analysis system was used to evaluate OSI, MTF cutoff, Strehl Ratio, OV 100%, OV 20% and OV 9% respectively. Uncorrected distance visual acuity(5m), uncorrected intermediate visual acuity(80cm), uncorrected near visual acuity(40cm), corrected distance visual acuity, distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity, distance-corrected near visual acuity were measured and compared among three groups. Visual function-14 was also assessed.RESULTS:Both of bifocal and trifocal groups had similar MTF cutoff(P=0.445), OV 100%, OV 20% and OV 9%(OV 100%: P=0.974; OV20%: P=0.713; OV 9%: P=0.947). Monofocal group had better MTF cutoff(P=0.007), OV 100%(P=0.001), OV 20%(P=0.002)and OV 9%(P=0.011)than bifocal. Besides, monofocal group had better MTF cutoff(P=0.043), OV 100%(P=0.012), OV 20%(P=0.043)and OV 9%(P=0.029)than trifocal group. There was no difference among all groups in uncorrected distance visual acuity and corrected distance visual acuity(P=0.054, 0.180). There was difference in distance-corrected intermediate(H=91.292, P

This retrospective, interventional, sequential, noncomparative case series evaluated surgical outcomes of eyes that underwent same-day combined phacoemulsification surgery for cataract with multifocal intraocular lens implantation and pars plana vitrectomy for symptomatic vitreous opacities. Purpose: To report surgical outcomes of combined vitrectomy for vitreous floaters and phacoemulsification surgery with multifocal intraocular lens implantation. Methods: Retrospective, interventional, noncomparative case series of five eyes from five patients who underwent same-day combined phacoemulsification surgeries with apodized, diffractive multifocal intraocular lens implantation for cataract and pars plana vitrectomy for symptomatic vitreous opacities, that is, floaters. Primary outcomes were distance and near visual acuities, and resolution of symptoms. Secondary outcomes included intraocular pressure, refractive outcomes, and surgical complications. Results: Mean logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution glare distance visual acuity improved from 0.36 (best-corrected Snellen 20/47) preoperatively to an uncorrected distance visual acuity of 0.05 (Snellen 20/23) at 6 months postoperatively (P = 0.042). All but one patient achieved multifocality with a near visual acuity of J2 or better. All patients noted subjective improvement in symptoms from floaters postoperatively. Mean intraocular pressure remained stable during follow-up. Two eyes ultimately required YAG capsulotomies for symptomatic posterior capsular opacification, one of which additionally received LASEK for refractive correction. Conclusion: Multifocality and improvement in symptoms from symptomatic vitreous opacities were observed in this pilot series of carefully selected patients who underwent combined phacovitrectomy with multifocal intraocular lens implantation. A high rate of retinal tears was found in these patients. Appropriate caution should be taken in preoperative assessment and patient selection for the combined procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare visual quality between subjective tests and optical devices using near-infrared (NIR) light in patients implanted with monofocal, multifocal and enlarged depth-of-focus (EDoF) intraocular lenses (IOLs). Methods: Cross-sectional study enrolling patients aged between 55 and 75 (axial length between 22 and 25 mm) bilaterally implanted with Tecnis IOLs (Johnson & Johnson) four months previously: 40 patients (80 eyes) with monofocal ZCB00, 41 patients (82 eyes) with bifocal diffractive ZMB00 and 48 patients (96 eyes) with EDoF Symfony. They were examined using subjective and objective tests. The subjective tests comprised visual acuity (VA) with ETDRS charts, contrast sensitivity (CS) with Pelli–Robson and CSV-1000E tests, and clear vision range (CVR). The objective tests using NIR light were performed with the KR-1 W wavefront analyzer and the OQAS. Results: In the subjective tests, the monofocal group achieved the best outcomes in some of the VA and CS sections, while the bifocal group obtained the worst outcomes in some of the CS sections. In the objective tests, the bifocal group achieved the best results for VA and CS. Discrepancies between pseudoaccommodation range and CVR were found in the bifocal and EDoF groups. Conclusions: Assessment of visual quality using NIR light implies greater bias for diffractive lenses than for EDoF lenses. This bias may be even greater with devices using longer light wavelengths or Hartmann–Shack technology. The difference in wavelength between NIR and visible light leads to dimming of near-vision focus and magnification of distance focus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunny B Patel,1 Michael E Snyder,1,2 Christopher D Riemann,1,2 Robert E Foster,1,2 Robert A Sisk1,2 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA; 2Cincinnati Eye Institute, Cincinnati, OH, USA Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional and anatomical outcomes of combined phacovitrectomy with multifocal intraocular lens (mfIOL) implantation.Methods: Retrospective, interventional, non-comparative case series of six eyes that received a combined phacoemulsification surgery with apodized, diffractive mfIOL implantation for cataract and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with membrane peeling for epiretinal membrane (ERM). Outcome measures included distance and near visual acuities (DVA and NVA), central macular thickness (CMT), intraocular pressure (IOP), and disruption of external limiting membrane (ELM) or inner-segment outer-segment (IS/OS) junction.Results: Mean logMAR glare DVA improved from 0.40 (Snellen 20/50) preoperatively to a mean uncorrected DVA of 0.038 (Snellen 20/22) (P=0.004) at 6 months after surgery. All eyes achieved NVA of J2 or better by 12 months postoperatively. Median CMT improved by 10 µm and mean IOP increased by 1 mmHg at 12 months postoperatively. Percentage of patients with ELM or IS/OS disruptions decreased from 66.7% to 33.3%. Two eyes demonstrated residual metamorphopsia on Amsler grid testing postoperatively. Postoperatively, four eyes required laser capsulotomy and one required LASEK for refractive correction.Conclusion: Combined phacovitrectomy, membrane peeling, and mfIOL implantation improved VA in patients with idiopathic ERM. Multifocality was achieved, but final visual outcome was delayed due to posterior capsular opacification and macular healing. Keywords: cataract, combined, epiretinal membrane, multifocal intraocular lens, phacoemulsification, phacovitrectomy

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of a trifocal intraocular lens (IOL), the TFNT00 (Alcon, Fort Worth, TX), versus a monofocal IOL, the SN60AT (Alcon). Food and Drug Administration–approved, prospective, multicenter, nonrandomized, parallel-group, assessor-masked, confirmatory trial. Patients enrolled were 22 years of age or older with a diagnosis of bilateral cataract with planned removal by phacoemulsification with a clear corneal incision. Consented participants selected their preferred IOL, which was implanted sequentially into each eye of patients meeting eligibility criteria. The coprimary effectiveness outcomes were mean photopic monocular best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA; 4 m) and distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA; 40 cm) at 6 months after surgery. Secondary effectiveness outcomes included mean monocular distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity (DCIVA; 66 cm) and proportion of participants responding "never" to question 1 of the Intraocular Lens Satisfaction questionnaire (regarding frequency of spectacle use in the past 7 days). Safety outcomes included frequency of "severe" and "most bothersome" visual disturbances. Two hundred forty-three patients underwent cataract surgery with bilateral implantation of the TFNT00 (n = 129) or SN60AT (n = 114) and were followed up for 6 months. Noninferiority of TFNT00 to SN60AT in mean photopic monocular BCDVA (95% upper confidence limit of the difference was <0.1 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution [logMAR] margin), and superiority in mean photopic monocular DCNVA (difference of 0.42 logMAR; P < 0.001) and DCIVA (difference of 0.26 logMAR; P < 0.001) were demonstrated. The proportion of patients never requiring glasses overall was superior for TFNT00 versus SN60AT (80.5% and 8.2%, respectively). Starbursts, halos, and glare were the most frequently rated severe symptoms with TFNT00; however, less than 5% of patients were very bothered at month 6. The TFNT00 exhibited superior monocular DCNVA and DCIVA to a spherical monofocal IOL, with comparable monocular BCDVA. Binocular visual acuity was 20/25 or better for distance to near (+0.5 D to –2.5 D), resulting in high levels of spectacle independence. Less than 5% of patients were very bothered by the photic visual disturbances associated with the TFNT00 at 6 months after surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To compare visual outcomes after implantation of AtLisa tri 839 MP and Symfony intraocular lenses (IOLs). Methods: All subjects underwent sequential bilateral cataract extraction with AtLisa tri 839 MP or Symfony IOL implantation. The design is prospective case series. Each group consists of 20 patients (40 eyes). At 1 year postoperatively, the following parameters were analysed: binocular uncorrected visual acuity (log MAR): for distance (UDVA) at 4 m, for intermediate distances (UIVA) at 60, 70, 80 cm and for near (UNVA) at 40 cm, defocus curve, mesopic and photopic contrast sensitivities (CSs), spectacle independence, visual function test questionnaire modified VFQ-25), photopic phenomena and postoperative complications. Results: In the AtLisa tri 839 MP group, the mean binocular UNVA and UIVA were significantly better than in the Symfony group (UNVA: − 0.01 ± 0.04 vs. 0.21 ± 0.15; p = 0.000; 60 cm UIVA: − 0.01 ± 0.04 vs. 0.09 ± 0.09, p = 0.001; 70 cm UIVA − 0.05 ± 0.06 vs. 0.11 ± 0.08, p = 0.002; 80 cm UIVA − 0.01 ± 0.06 vs. 0.15 ± 0.08, p = 0.019). There were no significant between-group differences in the mean binocular UDVA and CS, with one exception: the mean binocular distance CS (18 cpd) under mesopic conditions was significantly better in the Symfony group than in the AtLisa tri 839 MP group (1.39 ± 0.22 vs. 1.17 ± 0.27; p = 0.015). The defocus curve analysis revealed significant between-group differences at vergences of 2.0 to − 4.0 D (p < 0.05), except for 2.0, 1.0, 0 and − 1.5. All subjects in AtLisa tri 839 MP group and 18 subjects (90%) in Symfony group were spectacle independent. Patients from both groups highly rated their overall vision quality in the VFQ-25 (1.67 ± 0.47 vs. 1.85 ± 0.5 in the Symfony and AtLisa tri 839 MP group, respectively, p = NS). The scores for daytime driving (1.00 ± 0.00 vs. 1.21 ± 0.36; p = 0.002), night driving (1.57 ± 0.55 vs. 2.13 ± 1.15; p = 0.027) and difficult situation driving (1.14 ± 0.31 vs. 1.53 ± 0.56; p = 0.049) were significantly better in the AtLisa tri 839 MP group than in the Symfony group. The incidence and perception level of halo and glare were significantly reduced (p = 0.00) in the Symfony group as compared to the AtLisa tri 839 MP group. The postoperative course was uneventful in all subjects. Conclusions: Visual outcomes achieved with both IOLs are comparable. In both groups, 90% of patients achieved spectacle independence. Whereas the AtLisa tri 839 MP IOL implantation was associated with slightly better intermediate distance VA and significantly better near VA, photic phenomena were less perceived by patients with Symfony IOLs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM: To evaluate clinical outcomes after implantation of a new diffractive aspheric multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) with +3.00 addition power. METHODS: This is a retrospective, consecutive case series of cataract patients who underwent bilateral implantation of the Optiflex MO/HF D012 (Moss Vision Inc. Ltd, London, UK) multifocal IOL. Patients followed for 6mo were included in the study. Data on distance, intermediate and near visual acuity, refractive error [manifest spherical equivalent (MSE)], contrast sensitivity, adverse events, subjective symptoms, spectacle independence and patient satisfaction [visual function questionnaire (VFQ)-25 questionnaire] were retrieved from electronic medical records and analyzed. RESULTS: Forty eyes of 20 patients with a mean age of 66.7±8.5y (range: 53-82) were included in the study. Mean uncorrected distance, near and intermediate visual acuity remained stable through postoperative visits and was 0.19±0.19 logMAR, Jaeger 4 and Jaeger 3 respectively at the 6mo visit. At the end of postoperative 6mo, MSE was -0.14±0.42 diopters (D) and 98% of the eyes were within 1.00 D of target refraction. Postoperative low contrast (10%) visual acuity remained stable (P=0.54) through follow up visits with a mean of 0.35±0.17 logMAR at the 6mo visit. There were no reported adverse events. None of the patients reported subjective symptoms of halo or glare. Spectacle independence rate was 90%. Mean VFQ-25 questionnaire score was 93.5±6.12. CONCLUSION: The Optiflex MO/HF-DO12 IOL was safely implanted and successfully restored distance, intermediate and near visual acuity without impairing contrast sensitivity. High levels of spectacle independence were achieved at all distances including intermediate distance.

This philosophically driven work is intended to trouble the position of the small chair in early childhood settings. It is theoretically driven by an aspect of sociological and cultural theory called hauntology, and by the theories of new feminist materialism. The work of Sara Ahmed influences the direction taken here. An assemblage of personal narratives, memories, works of fiction, history, conversations and media reports, along with the documentation of a performative act, is produced. The methodological approach is intra-active and diffractive. The article argues that the small chair is a contentious and ambiguous artefact, which is taken for granted in early childhood settings, but also problematic when considered from different perspectives – an apparatus that both supports and betrays the body/ies that are in contact with it. Chairs, as objects that furnish human lives, can also haunt those lives and give contradictory messages of power, comfort and suffering. Now and to come, the chair is a trace, a symbol, an instrument of torture and object of desire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current AR waveguide fabrication processes, including Surface Relief Gratings (SRG), holographic and cascaded mirrors, are reviewed. We present DigiLens's Switchable Bragg Grating (SBG)‐based manufacturing process which transforms classical holographic contact copying into a versatile, cost‐effective printing process for AR waveguides of any size and field‐of‐view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the fabrication of very high-resolution discrete four-resist-level grayscale patterns in poly(methyl methacrylate) with just 6-nm step height and down to 32-nm step width using dose-modulated, grayscale electron beam lithography and a low-contrast resist-developer system. This direct pattern writing is important for replication in high-volume manufacturing of diffractive optics. An innovative concept of unexposed auxiliary spacers helped to enhance the discrete character of the multi-level patterns. For pattern step widths between 100 and 32 nm, a transformation toward blazed gratings with increasingly continuous-slope character was obtained. All high-resolution patterns were prepared in a single exposure and development process from an initially about 30-nm thin film. The pattern roughness due to a relatively large polymer molecular weight was reduced using selective thermal annealing with only minimally affecting the global pattern shape by reflow. The results will enable further approaches toward single-digit vertical and prospectively single-digit lateral resolution grayscale patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIM:To research the efficacy and safety of diffractive aspheric multifocal intraocular lens(MIOL)in the Uighur in phacoemulsification to provide guidance for the clinical treatment of cataracts patients in Xinjiang region. METHODS:Two hundred and twenty-eight Uygur patients(280 eyes)received phacoemulsification from April 2012 to March 2013 were randomly divided into multifocal group(106 cases with 146 eyes)and monofocal group(122 cases with 134 eyes). Patients were followed up for 3mo. The intraocular pressure(IOP), uncorrected distance visual acuity, uncorrected near vision, best-corrected distance visual acuity and best corrected near vision were measured. The delensed rate, visual quality, and satisfaction for lenses in the form of questionnaires were compared. RESULTS:Multifocal group was better on the uncorrected near vision than monofocal group(PP>0.05). The contrast sensitivity of multifocal group under scotopia at spatial frequency 3c/d was lower than that of monofocal group(PP>0.05). Delensed rate of multifocal group was higher than that of monofocal group(PP>0.05).CONCLUSION:MIOL with phacoemulsification can provide patient good full range vision, especially on good near vision. The patients with MIOL implanted have a higher delensed rate, less postoperative adverse symptoms, quicker recovery and satisfaction.

This article presents a collection of simulation studies using the ECCE detector concept in the context of the EIC's exclusive, diffractive, and tagging physics program, which aims to further explore the rich quark–gluon structure of nucleons and nuclei. To successfully execute the program, ECCE proposed to utilize the detector system close to the beamline to ensure exclusivity and tag ion beam/fragments for a particular reaction of interest. Preliminary studies confirm the proposed technology and design satisfy the requirements. The projected physics impact results are based on the projected detector performance from the simulation at 10 or 100 fb−1 of integrated luminosity. Additionally, insights related to a potential second EIC detector are documented, which could serve as a guidepost for future development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To study the long-term visual and refractive outcomes and evaluate patient satisfaction after bilateral implantation of trifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs). Setting: Nethradhama Superspeciality Eye Hospital, Bangalore. Design: Prospective, nonrandomized study. Methods: Eligible patients undergoing bilateral phacoemulsification with trifocal IOL implantation were included. Follow-up examinations were conducted at day 1, 1 week, 1 month, 6 months, and 12 months. Postoperatively, 1 month onward evaluation of uncorrected and distance-corrected far and near visual acuity; reading acuity and reading speeds (using Salzburg Reading Desk) at 70, 80, and 90 cm; contrast sensitivity; defocus curves; and patient satisfaction was carried out. Results: Fifty eyes from 25 patients with a mean age of 58±13.44 years were included. All eyes showed significant improvement in spherical equivalent, uncorrected distance visual acuity, corrected distance visual acuity, uncorrected near visual acuity, and corrected near visual acuity at 1 month compared to preoperative values (P<0.05), with no significant change in these parameters thereafter until the last follow-up (P.0.05). At 12 months, mean uncorrected reading acuities and reading speeds at 70, 80, and 90 cm were in the range of 0.09-0.04 logMAR units and 153.6-169.0 words per minute, respectively, with significantly better results at 80 cm. Five eyes underwent YAG laser capsulotomy for early posterior capsule opacification (PCO) at a mean follow-up of 7.2±2.9 months. Contrast sensitivity scores at 12 months were comparable to 1 month (P.0.05 for all spatial frequencies). All patients reported good tolerance and 100% independence from spectacles for all activities. Conclusion: Trifocal IOLs provided excellent unaided vision at all distances. Reading performance was good through the complete intermediate distance range. PCO occurrence and subsequent YAG capsulotomy did not affect the long-term visual outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exclusive meson production is computed in dipole model using two different light-cone wave functions in this paper. The Color-Glass-Condensate (CGC) model is implemented to compute the dipole cross-section. The two light-cone wave functions are AdS/QCD model and boosted Gaussian model. It can be seen that the predictions using the two light-cone wave functions are close to each other. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A diffractive film has been incorporated to reduce Screen Door Effect (SDE) and improve visual quality of a virtual reality (VP.) display. This diffractive film is made with 3M proprietary precision microߚreplication process. Measurement techniques and comparison of different solutions for SDE reduction are also discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The continued development of new intraocular lens (IOL) material and design has provided cataract surgeons more lens-based options than ever before. Surgeons must carefully evaluate, which IOLs may be the best for their patients and their practices. The roles of refractive index, water content, optic coloration (blue- or violet-light-blocking), and design of acrylic IOLs are widely debatable among surgeons. Ease of use, availability, cost, and surgeon preference are also important factors that influence surgeons′ IOL selection.

In this paper two novel solvent based molding techniques were developed for the post modification of a selection of injection molded substrates. We will show that a variety of 2- and 3-D designs containing nano and micron size structures can be fabricated on flat, vertical and curved injection molded surfaces using a selection of green solvents in less than 48 h. The novel techniques used thin and thick film masters composed of polydimethylsiloxane and polyester in conjunction with a variety of pure and blended green solvents to modify injection molded polystyrene (PS). Moreover the said techniques allowed us to fabricate novel diffractive structures in injection molded polystyrene via multi-step soft imprint lithography (MSSIL). The new techniques were further validated by molding microfluidics components with integrated features ranging from 0.4 μm to 150 μm on dish in a single step. The effects of residual solvent on the viability and growth of E. coli O157 using grating cuvettes and petri-dishes were also measured and their effect on the hydrophobic recovery time of plasma treated injection molded polystyrene was recorded. We found the majority of the modified cuvettes did not exhibit any antioxidant or antibacterial properties and that the hydrophobic recovery time of oxidized polystyrene surfaces containing residual solvent did not significantly differ from plasma-treated pure polystyrene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Higher Institute for Applied Sciences and Technology Damascus, Syria The design and development of infrared (λ: [8]–[12] μm) binary diffractive germanium lens (BDGL) by two - steps thin film deposition (Physical vapor deposition (PVD) technique) is presented. The optical design of the required elements using the optical design code Zemax, the design of the 4 steps binary surface and its required metallic masks using the programming language Delphi, the procedures of fabrication, and the measurement of the resulting profile, were presented. The comparison between the refractive/diffractive lenses by measuring the minimum resolvable temperature difference (MRTD) shows the advantages of binary diffractive surface.

Abstract: In images taken underwater, it is generally difficult to correctly extract distances and geometric information of objects. Different techniques, collectively referred to as photogrammetry, exist to measure features in images. One of these is to project a reference pattern onto an object in a scene viewed by a camera, and register the distortion of this pattern, to calculate the shape of, and distance to, that object. This method is implemented here on a miniaturized submersible explorer equipped with, among many other instruments, a camera. Diffractive optical elements (DOEs) have been designed and manufactured using microsystems technology, to, together with a laser diode, camera, and in-house developed software, provide a compact system for projecting reference patterns and analyzing their deformations. The system has been characterized by measuring the distances and angles of objects in a water tank, and attempting to reproduce their shapes. The range of operation of the system, verified to be at least one meter, is limited by the compact mounting in the small submersible and the cameras’ performance. The system was found to work well under turbid conditions as well as in water containing larger particles. Together with a vehicle-mounted camera, the compact and low-power DOE laser projection system enables topographical measurement. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

. Purpose: To evaluate the stability of visual performance after implantation of a diffractive aspheric silicone multifocal intraocular lens (MIOL). Methods: Thirty eyes of 15 patients received the Tecnis MIOL ZM900 ( Abbot Medical Optics) after cataract extraction at Tokyo Dental College Suidobashi Hospital. The uncorrected and best-corrected distance visual acuities (UCDVA, BCDVA); uncorrected, distance-corrected and best-corrected near VAs (UCNVA, DCNVA and BCNVA); spherical equivalent refraction, spectacle independence, contrast sensitivity and posterior capsule opacification (PCO) were measured at 1 week; 1, 3 and 6 months; and 1 and 2 years postoperatively. Results: Two years postoperatively, the UCDVA was 0.01 logMAR, BCDVA −0.09 logMAR, UCNVA 0.19 logMAR, DCNVA 0.1 logMAR and BCNVA 0.04 logMAR. There was no significant change from 1 week through 2 years. The percent of spherical equivalent refraction error within ± 0.5 diopter was 63.4% at 2 years. No patient required spectacles for reading; two patients have used spectacles for intermediate vision when necessary. One eye underwent Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy because of PCO. Conclusion: The visual performance after implantation of the Tecnis MIOL was stable for 2 years. A low rate of PCO contributed to the long-term visual performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Der Ophthalmologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To assess efficacy, safety and predictability after refractive lens exchange (RLE) in patients who had bilateral implantation of a distance-dominant diffractive bifocal intraocular lens (IOL). Methods: Seventeen patients (34 eyes) were examined after RLE with bilateral implantation of a diffractive bifocal 447D IOL. Eyes were divided into myopic and hyperopic groups. Monocular uncorrected distance visual acuity, best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCVA), uncorrected distance near visual acuity, and best distance-corrected near visual acuity (BCNVA) were recorded preoperatively and 6 months after surgery. Results: Efficacy indexes were 1.10 for myopic and 0.98 for hyperopic eyes, at 6 months postoperatively. No eye lost ≥ 1 line of BCVA. For the myopic group, four eyes gained 1 line, and six eyes gained ≥ 2 lines; for the hyperopic group, three eyes gained 1 line, and five eyes gained ≥ 2 lines. Safety indexes were 1.21 and 1.08 for myopic and hyperopic eyes respectively. No eye lost ≥ 1 line of BCNVA. Safety indexes at near were 1.02 for myopic and 1.01 for hyperopic eyes. Efficacy indexes at near were 1.02 for myopic and 1.00 for hyperopic eyes. Conclusions: Six-month results of bilateral implantation of a distance-dominant diffractive bifocal IOL for RLE demonstrated efficacy, safety, and predictability in correcting ametropia and presbyopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for synthesizing broadband antireflective (AR) surfaces at millimeter wave frequencies is demonstrated. AR surfaces were formed by machining a multilayer subwavelength structures into nonabsorptive dielectrics. This created low-reflected energies (<-25 dB) over large bandwidths and incidence angles. Experimental results are provided demonstrating the validity of the method. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 561–568, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24973 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Collegium Antropologicum is the property of Croatian Anthropological Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Der Ophthalmologe is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

We describe a design methodology for synthesizing diffractive elements based on two-dimensional subwavelength cylindrical microstructures. We combine a numerical and experimental approach to demonstrate that by varying the diameter, pitch, and depth of subwavelength cylindrical occlusions in a homogenous substrate it is possible to produce multiphase diffractive elements. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1880–1884, 2007; Published online in Wiley Inter-Science (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.22571 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on IS model, the cross-sections of associated ηc and γ diffractive production in $P\bar P$ collision are calculated. Under the framework of NRQCD factorization formalism for quarkonia production, the dominant contribution to associated ηc and γ production comes from color octet ${}^1S_0^{(8)}$ subprocess, the color octet matrix element of ${}^1S_0^{(8)}$ is related to that of ${}^3S_1^{(8)}$ of J/ψ by the heavy quark spin symmetry. Because the value of color octet matrix element of ${}^3S_1^{(8)}$ of J/ψ is determined by the large PTJ/ψ production data, the prediction of ηc and γ is more reliable. The ratio of diffractive to inclusive cross-sections is independent of the values of color octet matrix elements, which is sensitive to the gluon factor of the Pomeron and renormalized Pomeron flux factors. So experimental measurement of this ratio can give us more information of the nature of Pomeron and test the assumption of diffractive hard scattering factorization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Fresnel reflections occurring at the interfaces of a silicon wafer shall be drastically reduced by reactive ion beam etching of so called moth-eye structures into both surfaces of the wafer. This kind of impedance matching is advantageous to a multilayer interference system when the silicon wafer shall be used as an entrance window for high temperature thermopile infrared radiation sensors and emitters. The transmission was measured to be increased by more then 60%, compared to a polished silicon wafer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]