367 results on '"dicrocoeliidae"'
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2. New molecular data help clarify the taxonomy of Central European avian Dicrocoeliidae Looss, 1899 (Trematoda: Plagiorchiida)
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Petr Heneberg, Jiljí Sitko, María Casero, and Izabella Rząd
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Bile duct ,Bird ,Cryptic species ,Dicrocoeliidae ,Gall bladder ,Platyhelminthes ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
Avian Dicrocoeliidae are difficult to identify, even in their adult stages. Molecular analyses have been conducted for only a few species, complicating the accurate identification of juvenile stages. The taxonomy of the family is unresolved, and the status of many dicrocoeliid species is uncertain. Sequences of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA loci of Central European avian Dicrocoeliidae were generated and analyzed. These included representatives of the genera Lyperosomum, Platynosomum, Stromitrema, Brachylecithum, Brachydistomum, and Lutztrema. All the sequences were obtained from morphologically identified adult specimens of dicrocoeliids isolated from avian hosts. Molecular support was obtained to validate Lyperosomum turdia, confirm the rejection of Lyperosomum dujardini and Lyperosomum alagesi, and resurrect Lyperosomum longicauda and Lyperosomum collurionis. The identity of European Platynosomum illiciens from avian hosts with American vouchers of the same species from avian and mammalian hosts was confirmed. Brachylecithum fringillae is not considered valid; the individuals that matched its diagnosis were subadult Brachydistomum ventricosum. Descriptions and comparative data for five new species are provided. These are Lyperosomum hirundinis sp. n., Lyperosomum tenori sp. n., Lyperosomum atricapillae sp. n., Stromitrema acrocephali sp. n., and Lutztrema atricapillae sp. n.. Based on the molecular data, suggestions are provided regarding the validity of dicrocoeliid species that parasitize Central European birds. Further research should address the polyphyletic status of Brachylecithum.
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- 2023
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3. New molecular data help clarify the taxonomy of Central European avian Dicrocoeliidae Looss, 1899 (Trematoda: Plagiorchiida).
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Heneberg, Petr, Sitko, Jiljí, Casero, María, and Rząd, Izabella
- Abstract
Avian Dicrocoeliidae are difficult to identify, even in their adult stages. Molecular analyses have been conducted for only a few species, complicating the accurate identification of juvenile stages. The taxonomy of the family is unresolved, and the status of many dicrocoeliid species is uncertain. Sequences of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA loci of Central European avian Dicrocoeliidae were generated and analyzed. These included representatives of the genera Lyperosomum , Platynosomum , Stromitrema , Brachylecithum , Brachydistomum , and Lutztrema. All the sequences were obtained from morphologically identified adult specimens of dicrocoeliids isolated from avian hosts. Molecular support was obtained to validate Lyperosomum turdia , confirm the rejection of Lyperosomum dujardini and Lyperosomum alagesi , and resurrect Lyperosomum longicauda and Lyperosomum collurionis. The identity of European Platynosomum illiciens from avian hosts with American vouchers of the same species from avian and mammalian hosts was confirmed. Brachylecithum fringillae is not considered valid; the individuals that matched its diagnosis were subadult Brachydistomum ventricosum. Descriptions and comparative data for five new species are provided. These are Lyperosomum hirundinis sp. n., Lyperosomum tenori sp. n., Lyperosomum atricapillae sp. n., Stromitrema acrocephali sp. n., and Lutztrema atricapillae sp. n.. Based on the molecular data, suggestions are provided regarding the validity of dicrocoeliid species that parasitize Central European birds. Further research should address the polyphyletic status of Brachylecithum. [Display omitted] • Sequences of molecular markers to identify juvenile dicrocoeliids are provided. • Validity of dicrocoeliid species that parasitize Central European birds hosts was tested. • European Platynosomum illiciens from avian hosts is identical with American vouchers. • Five new species from the genera Lyperosomum , Stromitrema , and Lutztrema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. Dicrocoeliidae Family: Major Species Causing Veterinary Diseases
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Manga-González, M. Yolanda, Ferreras, M. Carmen, COHEN, IRUN R., Editorial Board Member, LAJTHA, ABEL, Editorial Board Member, LAMBRIS, JOHN D., Editorial Board Member, PAOLETTI, RODOLFO, Editorial Board Member, REZAEI, NIMA, Editorial Board Member, Toledo, Rafael, editor, and Fried, Bernard, editor
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- 2019
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5. Molecular phylogenetics and mitogenomics of three avian dicrocoeliids (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) and comparison with mammalian dicrocoeliids
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Suleman, Mian Sayed Khan, Vasyl V. Tkach, Nehaz Muhammad, Dong Zhang, Xing-Quan Zhu, and Jun Ma
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Dicrocoeliidae ,Nucleotide diversity ,Mitochondrial genomes ,Molecular phylogeny ,Infectious and parasitic diseases ,RC109-216 - Abstract
Abstract Background The Dicrocoeliidae are digenetic trematodes mostly parasitic in the bile ducts and gall bladder of various avian and mammalian hosts. Until recently their systematics was based on morphological data only. Due to the high morphological uniformity across multiple dicrocoeliid taxa and insufficient knowledge of relative systematic value of traditionally used morphological characters, their taxonomy has always been unstable. Therefore, DNA sequence data provide a critical independent source of characters for phylogenetic inference and improvement of the system. Methods We examined the phylogenetic affinities of three avian dicrocoeliids representing the genera Brachylecithum, Brachydistomum and Lyperosomum, using partial sequences of the nuclear large ribosomal subunit (28S) RNA gene. We also sequenced the complete or nearly complete mitogenomes of these three isolates and conducted a comparative mitogenomic analysis with the previously available mitogenomes from three mammalian dicrocoeliids (from 2 different genera) and examined the phylogenetic position of the family Dicrocoeliidae within the order Plagiorchiida based on concatenated nucleotide sequences of all mitochondrial genes (except trnG and trnE). Results Combined nucleotide diversity, Kimura-2-parameter distance, non-synonymous/synonymous substitutions ratio and average sequence identity analyses consistently demonstrated that cox1, cytb, nad1 and two rRNAs were the most conserved and atp6, nad5, nad3 and nad2 were the most variable genes across dicrocoeliid mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analyses based on mtDNA sequences did not support the close relatedness of the Paragonimidae and Dicrocoeliidae and suggested non-monophyly of the Gorgoderoidea as currently recognized. Conclusions Our results show that fast-evolving mitochondrial genes atp6, nad5 and nad3 would be better markers than slow-evolving genes cox1 and nad1 for species discrimination and population level studies in the Dicrocoeliidae. Furthermore, the Dicrocoeliidae being outside of the clade containing other xiphidiatan trematodes suggests a need for the re-evaluation of the taxonomic content of the Xiphidiata.
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- 2020
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6. Phenoloxidase is involved in the immune reaction of Helix lucorum to parasitic infestation by dicrocoeliid trematode.
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Unlu, Ahmet Hakan and Ekici, Abdurrahman
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Introduction. Phenoloxidases are known to play a role in the immune defences of arthropods and molluscs. In the invertebrates, phenoloxidases mediate three major physiologically important processes: sclerotization, wound healing, and defence reactions. Helix lucorum serve as the first intermediate host for the larval stages of dicrocoeliid trematodes which infects animals as well as human beings. Objective. The aim of the study is to investigate the effect of larval forms of dicrocoeliid trematodes to phenoloxidase acitivity in H. lucorum, Linneaus, 1758, in Bitlis, Turkey. The effect of the snail’s shell colour to phenoloxidase activity was also investigated. Materials and method. Land snails (n=200) were collected by hand from their natural habitats during the period May – June 2019 in Bitlis, Turkey. Evaluation of the process was performed by measuring immune reaction of the snails against larval forms of dicrocoeliid trematodes. Phenoloxidase activity assay was carried out using a spectrophotometer device based on 3,4-Dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-dopa) hydrolysis. Results. The natural infection rate of the land snails with the developmental stages of dicrocoeliid trematodes was 20%. Phenoloxidase activity was found to be significantly higher (*p<0.05) in larval forms of dicrocoeliid trematodes infected snails when compared with non-infected snails. No effect of shell colours to phenoloxidase activity was observed. Conclusions. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to report that the phenoloxidase system is involved in the immune reaction of Helix lucorum to parasitic infestation by larval forms of dicrocoeliid trematodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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7. Interrelationships of Anenterotrema (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) from Neotropical bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) with description of a new species from Molossus molossus in Brazil.
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Fernandes, Thayane Ferreira, dos Santos, Jeannie Nascimento, de Vasconcelos Melo, Francisco Tiago, Achatz, Tyler J., Greiman, Stephen E., Bonilla, Carlos Carrion, and Tkach, Vasyl V.
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BATS , *CYTOCHROME oxidase , *DIGENEA , *MAMMALS , *DNA sequencing , *SPECIES - Abstract
Anenterotrema is a small genus of dicrocoeliids (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) containing 6 species found in Neotropical bats. Members of this genus are characterized by the lack of digestive system organs and, unlike the majority of dicrocoeliids, parasitize the intestine of their definitive hosts. In this study, we have morphologically examined newly collected specimens belonging to four species of Anenterotrema from Brazil, Ecuador, and Panama. Based on the data in original descriptions and our analysis of quality new specimens, we resurrected Anenterotrema freitasi, previously synonymized with A. eduardocaballeroi. We also described a new species of Anenterotrema from Molossus molossus in the Brazilian Amazon. The new species differs from congeners in several morphological features, most prominently in the size and structure of its highly muscular, protuberant ventral sucker. It is also characterized by the lack of the semi-circular thickening of the tegument around the oral sucker typical for some members of the genus. We used partial DNA sequences of the large ribosomal subunit gene (28S) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) to test the monophyly of Anenterotrema, and study the interrelationships and determine the inter- and intraspecific variation of three Anenterotrema spp. collected from different bat species in Brazil, Ecuador and Panama. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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8. First molecular assessment of two digenean parasites of the lancehead snake Bothrops moojeni Hoge, 1966 (Serpentes, Viperidae) in Brazil.
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Müller, Maria Isabel, Emmerich, Enzo, de Alcantara, Edna Paulino, Ungari, Letícia Pereira, Ebert, Mariana Bertholdi, Morais, Drausio Honorio, O'Dwyer, Lucia Helena, and da Silva, Reinaldo José
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VIPERIDAE , *BOTHROPS , *SNAKES , *COLUBRIDAE , *PARASITES , *RECOMBINANT DNA - Abstract
Two digenean species, Infidum infidum Faria, 1910 (Dicrocoeliidae) and Travtrema stenocotyle Cohn, 1902 (Plagiorchiidae), were collected in the large pit viper Bothrops moojeni Hoge, 1966 from Reserva Particular do Patrimônio Natural Cisalpina, municipality of Brasilândia, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. In this study, we provide the first molecular characterisation using the 28S rDNA and phylogenetic position data of these two common digeneans from B. moojeni. The molecular framework revealed topologies with strongly supported clades using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods, positioned I. infidum among Plagiorchiidae and not among Dicrocoeliidae as expected and T. stenocotyle (Plagiorchiidae) surprisingly grouped as a sister group to Allassogonoporidae, Microphallidae, Pleurogenidae, and Prosthogonimidae, not related to plagiorchids. Our molecular phylogenetic data showed that these species may not correspond to their assigned families and encourage future studies on the systematic of these understudied groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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9. A description of a new species of the genus Brachydistomum (Trematode, Dicrocoeliidae) from the Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus (Linnaeus) (Passeriformes) in Japan, with a report on the first intermediate host.
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Furusawa H and Waki T
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- Animals, Japan, Phylogeny, Species Specificity, Sparrows genetics, Dicrocoeliidae, Trematoda
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The trematode Brachydistomum suzume n. sp. (Dicrocoeliidae) was detected in the Eurasian Tree Sparrow Passer montanus, and described as a new species in Japan. This new species can be distinguished from the other members of the genus on the basis of morphological characters of suckers and reproductive organs. A partial sequence of adult mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) was used as a DNA barcode, and dicrocoeliid sporocysts and cercariae detected from four camaenid land snail species, Bradybaena pellucida, Brad. similaris, Acusta sieboldiana and Euhadra brandtii, were molecularly identified as the new species. Phylogenetic trees of nuclear 28S ribosomal DNA and COI also showed the new species to be distinct from the other trematode species, including Brachydistomum spp., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.)
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- 2024
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10. Avian trematodes of central European corvids are heterogeneous regarding preferences for host species and age.
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Sitko J and Heneberg P
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- Humans, Animals, Pica, Birds, Ecosystem, Czech Republic, Trematoda, Dicrocoeliidae
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Corvids are highly adaptive birds that respond well to anthropogenic changes in their environment. Trematode communities of corvids were studied mainly in the 1950s through 1970s in regularly flooded parts of the Volga River delta in Russia; more recent studies and data from other regions where the corvids are in less contact with postflooding habitats are limited. Data for Corvus corax were lacking. Using our samples obtained from 1963 to 2023, we performed a large-scale analysis of trematode species composition and community structure in Corvus frugilegus , Corvus cornix , C. corax , Coloeus monedula , Pica pica , and Garrulus glandarius ; all originated from the Czech Republic. We identified corvids as hosts of mutually overlapping component communities of only a few species of trematodes ( Brachylecithum lobatum , Lyperosomum petiolatum , Lyperosomum longicauda , Tamerlania zarudnyi , Urogonimus macrostomus ), with the presence of many rare and incidental findings of other trematode species. Only a few species used corvids as their core hosts ( L. longicauda and B. lobatum ). Trematode component communities in first-year birds included Prosthogonimus cuneatus , Prosthogonimus ovatus , Plagiorchis asperus , and Morishitium dollfusi due to an increased share of insects (intermediate hosts of Prosthogonimus and Plagiorchis ) and snails (intermediate hosts of Morishitium ) in the diet of juveniles. The trematode component communities of corvid species overlapped but were heterogeneous at the level of host individuals, likely reflecting differences in food sources related to the respective host ages and nesting sites.
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- 2024
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11. Platynosomum (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae) infection in barn owls (Tyto alba) in Northeastern Brazil.
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Oliveira GAS, Soares YGS, Silva CG, Soares LA, Brito Júnior JRC, Dantas AFM, and Galiza GJN
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- Humans, Male, Animals, Brazil, Mammals, Dicrocoeliidae, Strigiformes, Trematode Infections diagnosis, Trematode Infections epidemiology, Trematode Infections veterinary, Trematoda
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Platynosomum spp. are parasites that inhabit the gallbladder and bile ducts of various mammals and birds worldwide. Most studies of Platynosomum spp. in birds focus on the observation and morphological characterization of the parasite through parasitological or molecular examinations, with scarce literature describing anatomopathological alterations, mainly histopathological. We report the case of a male barn owl infected with Platynosomum spp.. At necropsy, the barn owl showed dilation with parasites and fibrosis of the intrahepatic bile ducts and gallbladder. Microscopically, it was possible to identify trematodes in the bile ducts associated with a lymphoplasmacytic inflammatory infiltrate. The morphological structures of the worms were described on histopathology and direct examination. The presence of parasitism that is usually cosmopolitan in wild animals represents a risk to the biodiversity of fauna in the region, as well as a warning about the spread and maintenance of the biological cycle of the worm in humans and domestic animals., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there are no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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12. First report of Athesmia foxi Goldberger and Crane, 1911 (Digenea, Dicrocoeliidae) from Chrysocyon brachyurus (Illiger, 1815) (Carnivora, Canidae) and pathological findings
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Ederli N. B., de Oliveira I., Demarque C., Mello Gallo S. S., Leandro H. J., da Silveira L. S., and de Oliveira F. C. R.
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digenea ,dicrocoeliidae ,athesmia foxi ,canidae ,chrysosyon ,histopathology ,brazil ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Chrysocyon brachyurus, the largest South American canid, is a native species of the Brazilian cerrado. The present study is aimed to report the occurrence of the trematode, Athesmia foxi, in the liver of a new host, C. brachyurus, and to describe its morphology and pathology. One C. brachyurus individual was necropsied and examined for the presence of parasites. Worms were collected from the bile ducts and based on morphological and morphometrical characteristics, such as a relatively large, slender, aspinose, elongated shape with vitellarium present on the upper left side of the body were identified as A. foxi. On the host, hepatic lesions limited to the bile ducts and periportal regions, were characterized as chronic-active cholangitis, biliary hyperplasia, and fibrosis. This is the first report of A. foxi parasitizing C. brachyurus, demonstrating that this parasite has no host specificity and can be widely distributed. A. foxi lesions noted in C. brachyurus are similar to those noted in various other mammalian hosts.
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- 2018
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13. Digital image analysis to estimate the minimum number of Eurytrema coelomaticum eggs in the uterus of adult specimens
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da Silva F. A., Monteiro da Silva C., de Almeida F. B., and Rodrigues-Silva R.
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Trematoda ,Dicrocoeliidae ,ImageJ ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
This study was carried out to estimate the minimal number of eggs present in adult E. coelomaticum uterus. Samples were collected during post-mortem inspection and were submitted to light microscopy (bright field). The length, width, the total area of the parasite, uterus, and eggs were measured. The ImageJ software was used to calculate the area of the different parameters analyzed in this study. It was possible to observe that the uterus corresponds on average to 51.9 % of the total area of the parasite (ranging from 45 to 64 %). The number of eggs present in the uterus of parasites ranged from 5,946 to 15,813. To estimate the number of eggs three scenarios were considered, where the first taken into account the number of whole eggs observed in the image. In the second way to estimate the number of eggs, all the structures were considered (whole eggs and fractions that could be delimited) and compared with manual counting. Finally, in the last scenario, was considered an occupancy rate of 100 % of the uterine area per eggs, since there are overlapping eggs and these cannot be correctly delimited and accounted for. This study describes an important tool for quantifying eggs in a nondestructive manner and aggregate information until then is not explained by other works.
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- 2018
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14. MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DICROCOELIUM DENDRITICUM (DIGENEA, DICROCOELIIDAE), PARASITIZING THREE HOST SPECIES IN THE CENTRAL REGIONS OF UKRAINE.
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Kruchynenko, O. V., Mykhailiutenko, S. M., Klymenko, O. S., Kanivets, N. S., and Korchan, L. M.
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DICROCOELIIDAE ,ANIMAL morphology ,TREMATODA ,DISEASE prevalence ,SPECIES distribution - Abstract
Distribution of trematodes of the species Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Rudolphi, 1819) Looss, 1899 (Digenea, Dicrocoeliidae) parasitizing cattle (Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758), sheep (Ovis aries Linnaeus, 1758) and goat (Capra aegagrus hircus Linnaeus, 1758) was studied in the Poltava and Kirovohrad regions of Ukraine. The prevalence of infection is 26.9% in cattle, 28.42% in sheep and 24.5% in goat. D. dendriticum is the only species of the genus Dicrocoelium which infects domestic animals in the central regions of Ukraine. The trematodes obtained from cattle are significantly different from those isolated from sheep and goat by length, width and area of body, and length of vitelline ducts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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15. Evaluation of parasitic infections with histological and molecular detection in Anoles from St. Kitts.
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Manoj RRS, Wu T, Bolfa P, Lim A, Young R, Lejeune M, and Ketzis J
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- Humans, Animals, Cats, Dogs, Phylogeny, Larva, Parasitic Diseases, Lizards, Dicrocoeliidae, Spiruroidea, Cat Diseases diagnosis, Dog Diseases
- Abstract
Anoles are a widely distributed group of reptiles that are also increasing in popularity as a pet animal. These species have been described as paratenic and intermediate hosts for many parasites of veterinary and medical importance. However, while human and animals such as cats and dogs may often interact with anoles, little research has been conducted in terms of assessing the full potential of anoles to harbor parasites of public and veterinary health significance. The current study analyzed the parasites of anoles captured and dissected in St. Kitts, West Indies, to describe the parasitic population within these reptiles and evaluate the potential role of anoles as intermediate/paratenic hosts. From March until May of 2019, samples from 11 anoles were collected following humane euthanasia and evaluated grossly, histologically, and molecularly for the presence of parasites. Histologic evaluation revealed adult ascarids, oxyurids, and spirurids within the stomach, as well as intraluminal adult ascarids within the intestine, and encysted larval trematodes within the intestinal wall. Molecular analysis based on 18S rRNA and ITS2 DNA markers for nematodes and trematodes, respectively, identified Physaloptera sp. (99.4-99.8% identical with Physaloptera turgida, Physaloptera mirandai, Physaloptera retusa, Physaloptera rara) and Platynosomum illiciens (99.7% identical). Phylogenetic analysis of ITS 2 sequences of P. illiciens from this study cladded monophyletically with the same species from different geographic areas and hosts. Our study highlights the importance of understanding the role anoles play in the life cycles of less well-studied parasites, and the potential of these animals to act as intermediate or paratenic hosts., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that there is no competing interest., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
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- 2024
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16. Description of new species of Trematoda from bats of Southeastern Mexico and a new classification for Brachylecithum rileyi n. comb. (Dicrocoeliidae).
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Moguel-Chin WI, Panti-May JA, García-García BA, and Hernández-Mena DI
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- Animals, Mexico, Phylogeny, Species Specificity, Dicrocoeliidae, Chiroptera, Trematoda, Parasites
- Abstract
To date, 23 species of trematodes have been reported in bats from Mexico. However, in some regions of Mexico, such as the Yucatan Peninsula, many species of bats do not have helminthological records. Here, we sampled bats in four localities in Southeastern Mexico from April 2017 to February 2022. Parasites were collected from the intestine of four species of bats: Pteronotus fulvus, Eumops nanus, Noctilio leporinus and Nyctinomops laticaudatus. Conventional morphological techniques and molecular tools with the 28S ribosomal gene were used to describe the helminths. We discovered that our parasites represent three new species and a new combination of trematodes. We found that the new species have morphological differences with their congeneric species, and we complement this information whit molecular data. Furthermore, we found morphological and molecular evidence that places Dicrocoelium rileyi within the genus Brachylecithum. This study points out the importance of comparing morphological and phylogenetic information., (© 2023. The Author(s).)
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- 2023
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17. The prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in Panthera pardus of Katepurna wildlife sanctuary, Akola India.
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Milind, Shirbhate and Amrita, Shirbhate
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GASTROINTESTINAL agents ,LEOPARD ,WILDLIFE refuges ,DICROCOELIIDAE ,ECHINOSTOMATIDAE - Abstract
To study the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of Panthera pardus, 26 scat samples were collected from Katepurna Sanctuary during the census period conducted by forest department during January 2018. Out of these 21 samples had the highest overall infection rate of Paragonimus sp. Echinostomatidae, Dicrocoeliidae, Pseudophyllidea, Taeniidae, Mesocestoides sp. Hymenolepididae Acanthocephala, Spiruroidea, Gnathostoma sp. Molineus sp. Ancylostomoidea, Mammomonogamus sp. Toxocara-like, Toxascaris sp., Aelurostrongylus sp., Capillaria sp. and Mixed type of infections of Ascaris sp. was found faecal samples. This study provided a first overview on parasites in Panthera pardus in the Katepurna Sanctuary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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18. Molecular phylogeny provides new insights on the taxonomy and composition of Lyperosomum Looss, 1899 (Digenea, Dicrocoeliidae) and related genera.
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Hildebrand, Joanna, Pyrka, Ewa, Sitko, Jiljí, Jeżewski, Witold, Zaleśny, Grzegorz, Tkach, Vasyl V., and Laskowski, Zdzisław
- Abstract
Lyperosomum Looss, 1899 is one of the largest genera of the Dicrocoeliidae and is one of the best examples of the systematic complexity and taxonomic instability within this family. We present the molecular analyses based on novel sequences of nuclear and mitochondrial genes obtained from 56 isolates of adult flukes and larval stages of dicrocoeliids belonging to Lyperosomum, Skrjabinus , Zonorchis as well as previously available sequence data. According to obtained results we propose to return Zonorchis clathratus and Z. petiolatus into Lyperosomum , and to recognize L. alagesi as a synonym of L. petiolatum. Our study shows that L. petiolatum commonly occurs in Europe in corvids as well as in several species of migratory songbirds, e.g. Sylvia atricapilla. At the same time, the Turdidae appear to host a distinct species of Lyperosomum. The phylogenetic analysis has clearly demonstrated the paraphylepic nature of Lyperosomum and indicated the need of its thorough revision preferably using specimens from type hosts and type territories of nominal species. In addition, inclusion of numerous not yet sequenced dicrocoeliid genera into future phylogenetic studies is necessary to clarify the interrelationships of taxa within the family and stabilize its system. Image 1 • Significant discord exists between molecular data and current taxonomy of Lyperosomum. • Phylogenetic relationships of Lyperosomum , Skrjabinus and Zonorchis were studied. • Lyperosomum is a paraphyletic taxon. • Re-evaluation of morphological criteria used in dicrocoeliid systematics is needed. • Life cycle of Lyperosomum petiolatum is elucidated for the first time in the nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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19. Description and Phylogenetic Relationships of Pojmanskatrema balcanica n. gen., n. sp. (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) from the Eurasian Water Shrew Neomys fodiens (Mammalia: Soricidae) in Bulgaria.
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Hildebrand, Joanna and Tkach, Vasyl V.
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SHREWS ,MAMMALS ,DIGENEA ,WATER ,RECOMBINANT DNA ,MOLECULAR phylogeny - Abstract
Background: We describe a new dicrocoeliid collected from the Eurasian water shrew Neomys fodiens in Bulgaria based on the combination of morphological characteristics and molecular data. Results: Pojmanskatrema balcanica n. sp., n. gen. is distinguished from all other species of family Dicrocoeliidae Looss, 1900 in having a postovarian vitellarium situated in the posterior half of the body, postacetabular, nearly tandem, lobed testes, and relatively short body. Conclusions: Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on 28S rDNA sequences of the new species and previously sequenced dicrocoeliid taxa has demonstrated close relationship of Pojmanskatrema n. gen. with the genus Eurytrema. Considering the non-monophyletic nature of previously recognized dicrocoeliid sub-families we support the recently proposed dissolution of the sub-families within this family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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20. Feline platynosomiasis in Klang Valley, Malaysia: Diagnosis, pathology and management
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N, Nur-Amalina, M, Watanabe, M, Mazlina, A, Che-Amat, and A A, Nor-Azlina
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Liver Diseases, Parasitic ,Cats ,Malaysia ,Animals ,Trematode Infections ,Cat Diseases ,Dicrocoeliidae - Abstract
Platynosomum fastosum (synonym Platynosomum concinnum, Platynosomum illiciens ) is a hepatic fluke causing platynosomiasis or 'lizard poisoning' in cats. This disease is generally being underestimated by veterinary practitioners due to lack of awareness and difficulty in diagnosis although the severe cases of platynosomiasis could be fatal. This study was designed to detect the presence of cat liver fluke through faecal examination among cats kept in shelters, pet cats and stray cats around Klang Valley, Malaysia. The detection of liver flukes among stray cats was based on post-mortem examination. A total of 201 faecal samples were collected from eight shelters (n = 119) and five veterinary clinics (n = 82) in Klang Valley were subjected to simple floatation and formalin-ether sedimentation techniques for ova detection. P. fastosum ova were identified in three faecal samples obtained from shelters (2.52%) and three samples collected from veterinary clinics (3.66%) by faecal examination. A total of 51 stray cats were procured from Pest and Animal Control Unit of the respective municipality. The cats were euthanised and necropsied to collect liver samples and bile duct. The liver was then dissected for isolation and identification of the fluke and bile duct fluid were aspirated for detection of fluke ova. Twelve cats (23.5%) were positive for P. fastosum and ova were found in their bile. Macroscopically, affected cats showed mottled liver (33.3%), distended gall bladder with thick tenacious bile (66.7%) that microscopically exhibited hepatic steatosis (25.0%) and hepatitis (33.3%). The severity of parasite load was almost equally distributed between the positive cats with low (n = 5, 55.6%;125 adult fluke) and high parasite burden (n = 4, 44.4%;125 adult fluke) cats, respectively. This study revealed the detection of P. fastosum among pet, shelters and stray cats in Klang Valley, Malaysia.
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- 2022
21. Molecular and Morphological Discrimination of Dicrocoeliid Larvae (Trematoda: Digenea) from Terrestrial Mollusks in Japan.
- Author
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Waki, Tsukasa, Nakao, Minoru, Hayashi, Kei, Ikezawa, Hiromi, and Tsutumi, Norio
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DICROCOELIIDAE ,TREMATODA ,DIGENEA ,MOLLUSKS ,GENETIC barcoding - Abstract
Trematodes of the family Dicrocoeliidae commonly use terrestrial mollusks as the first intermediate host. Despite abundant studies on the adult worms in birds and mammals, few reports exist on their larval stage in snail intermediate hosts. A present survey of mollusks in Japan led us to the discovery of dicrocoeliid sporocysts with cercariae in 16 of 303 individuals, encompassing 8 snail species and 1 slug species. A DNA barcoding based on sequencing of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 showed that the larvae consisted of 5 species. Phylogenetic trees of nuclear 18S and 28S ribosomal DNAs confirmed the 5 species to be members of the Dicrocoeliidae. These were temporarily termed dicrocoeliid species 1 to 5, because conclusive identification was impossible without adult worms. These unknown species were phylogenetically related to each other, except for sp. 5. The phylogenetic trees demonstrated close genetic relationships between sp. 3 and the genus Lutztrema and between sp. 5 and the genus Lyperosomum. The phylogenetic analysis also suggests a possibility that the currently accepted macrotaxonomy of the Dicrocoeliidae is problematic, due to the paraphyly of the subfamilies Dicrocoeliinae and Leipertrematinae. Morphological characterization of the cercariae and their DNA barcodes provide a primary platform for differentiating dicrocoeliids from various mollusks in Japan. The DNA barcodes, in particular, will enable tracing the parasite life cycles, in case of finding metacercariae and adults from presently unknown hosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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22. Phylogenetic relationships within Dicrocoeliidae (Platyhelminthes: Digenea) from birds from the Czech Republic using partial 28S rDNA sequences.
- Author
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Aldhoun, Jitka, Elmahy, Rasha, and Littlewood, D.T.J.
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PHYLOGENY , *DICROCOELIIDAE , *PLATYHELMINTHES , *RIBOSOMAL RNA genetics - Abstract
Partial (D1-D3) 28S rRNA gene sequences from 16 isolates of digenean parasites of the family Dicrocoeliidae recovered from 16 bird species from the Czech Republic were used for phylogenetic reconstruction. Comparison with sequences available from GenBank suggests that the genus Brachylecithum is paraphyletic, requiring further validation and possible systematic revision. Although partial 28S rDNA is relatively conserved, analyses suggest that the following taxa are synonymous: Lutztrema attenuatum = L. monenteron = L. microstomum, Brachylecithum lobatum = B. glareoli. Zonorchis petiolatus is reassigned back to the genus Lyperosomum with L. collurionis as a junior synonym. The study revealed how complicated the systematics of the family Dicrocoeliidae is currently. The morphology of the group is variable, and the current distinguishing characters at species and even generic level are not sufficiently distinctive; it is difficult to identify the specimens correctly and identification of GenBank isolates is not reliable. Extensive sampling of isolates for both molecular and morphological studies is necessary to resolve the relationships within the family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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23. Convoluted history and confusing morphology: Molecular phylogenetic analysis of dicrocoeliids reveals true systematic position of the Anenterotrematidae Yamaguti, 1958 (Platyhelminthes, Digenea).
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Tkach, Vasyl V., Achatz, Tyler J., Hildebrand, Joanna, and Greiman, Stephen E.
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- *
MOLECULAR phylogeny , *DICROCOELIIDAE , *PLATYHELMINTHES , *DIGENEA , *MORPHOLOGY - Abstract
The Dicrocoeliidae is a highly diverse family of digeneans parasitic in amniotic tetrapods. Detailed molecular phylogenetic analysis of dicrocoeliids is lacking and only a few dicrocoeliids from mammals have been included in previous studies. Sequence data were previously absent for the Anenterotrematidae that shares several morphological characteristics with dicrocoeliids. We examined phylogenetic affinities of several newly sequenced (nuclear 28S rDNA) taxa of dicrocoeliids and anenterotrematids collected from small mammals in Ecuador, Panama, Peru, USA and Vietnam. Our analyses demonstrated that the two anenterotrematid genera ( Anenterotrema , Apharyngotrema ) belong to the Dicrocoeliidae, placing the Anenterotrematidae into synonymy with the Dicrocoeliidae. Molecular data combined with morphological examination of type and new specimens provided evidence that Parametadelphis and Apharyngotrema are junior synonyms of Metadelphis , with all Metadelphis species lacking a digestive system. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that reduction of the alimentary tract in Lutztrema and its loss in Anenterotrema and Metadelphis represent at least two independent evolutionary events. Genera Brachylecithum , Brachydistomum , and Lyperosomum proved to be non-monophyletic, each likely representing more than a single genus. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis did not support monophyly of the two largest subfamilies of the Dicrocoeliidae (Dicrocoeliinae and Leipertrematinae) with the other two subfamilies not included in this study. Therefore, we propose to abandon the current subfamily division of the Dicrocoeliidae. Analysis of host associations indicates multiple host-switching events throughout evolution of dicrocoeliids. Lastly, analysis of dicrocoeliid geographic distribution revealed that nearly all major clades included taxa from more than a single zoogeographic realm with the exception of the clade Anenterotrema + Metadelphis , found only in the Neotropics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
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24. Characterization of the complete nuclear ribosomal DNA sequences of <italic>Eurytrema pancreaticum</italic>.
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Su, X., Zhang, Y., Zheng, X., Wang, X.X., Li, Y., Li, Q., and Wang, C.R.
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NUCLEOTIDE sequencing , *RIBOSOMAL DNA , *TREMATODA , *DICROCOELIIDAE , *CATTLE - Abstract
Eurytrema pancreaticum is one of the most common trematodes of cattle and sheep, and also infects humans occasionally, causing great economic losses and medical costs. In this study, the sequences of the complete nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) repeat units of fiveE. pancreaticum individuals were determined for the first time. They were 8306–8310 bp in length, including the small subunit (18S) rDNA, internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1), 5.8S rDNA, internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2), large subunit (28S) rDNA and intergenic spacer (IGS). There were no length variations in any of the investigated 18S (1996 bp), ITS1 (1103 bp), 5.8S (160 bp), ITS2 (231 bp) or 28S (3669 bp) rDNA sequences, whereas the IGS rDNA sequences ofE. pancreaticum had a 4-bp length variation, ranging from 1147 to 1151 bp. The intraspecific variations withinE. pancreaticum were 0–0.2% for 18S rDNA, 0–0.5% for ITS1, 0% for 5.8S rDNA and ITS2, 0–0.2% for 28S rDNA and 2.9–20.2% for IGS. There were nine types of repeat sequences in ITS1, two types in 28S rDNA, but none in IGS. A phylogenetic analysis based on the 18S rDNA sequences classifiedE. pancreaticum in the family Dicrocoeliidae of Plagiorchiata, closely related to the suborder Opisthorchiata. These results provide useful information for the further study of Dicrocoeliidae trematodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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25. DNA sequences confirm low specificity to definitive host and wide distribution of the cat pathogen <italic>Platynosomum illiciens</italic> (= <italic>P</italic>. <italic>fastosum</italic>) (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae).
- Author
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Pinto, Hudson A., Pulido-Murillo, Eduardo A., Melo, Alan L., Braga, Roberta R., Mati, Vitor L. T., and Tkach, Vasyl V.
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- *
NUCLEOTIDE sequencing , *TREMATODA , *DICROCOELIIDAE , *HOST specificity (Biology) , *PRIONAILURUS bengalensis - Abstract
Although feline platynosomosis has been commonly reported in several parts of the world, the taxonomy and epidemiological chain related to cat liver flukes remain controversial. In this study, nuclear ribosomal ITS, 28S, and mitochondrial
cox1 sequences obtained forPlatynosomum illiciens from cat, marmoset, lizard, and snail found naturally infected in Brazil reveal no significant molecular differences between these isolates. Moreover, sequence data confirm that BrazilianP .illiciens from different hosts is conspecific with parasites obtained from cats in Vietnam, supporting wide distribution of the species. The lack of pronounced specificity ofP .illiciens to definitive hosts is confirmed here for the first time using molecular approach. The results are discussed in context of the epizootology of platynosomosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
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26. DESCRIPTION OF BRACHYLECITHUM BILQEESAE N.SP. (DIGENEA: DICROCOELIIDAE) IN THE CATTLE EGRET FROM SINDH, PAKISTAN.
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KHAN, ALY, WAHEED, SAMINA, GHAZI, RAFIA R., and KHATOON, NASIRA
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INTESTINAL parasites , *PREDATION , *TREMATODA , *STAPHYLINIDAE , *DICROCOELIIDAE - Abstract
Body long, muscular; oral sucker small subterminal; ventral sucker round to oval in shape, larger than oral sucker; pharynx globular and oval. Esophagus short bifurcated almost between the suckers. Caeca terminating short of posterior end of the body. Ovary rounded to oval; uterus highly coiled extends from caecal bifurcation to the posterior end of the body. Testes symmetrical, larger than ovary, cirrus sac just posterior to caecal bifurcation with hinder region extracaecal. Genital pore just behind caecal bifurcation. Uterus well developed. Eggs numerous, slightly curved, small and elongated. This is the fourth record of the genus Brachylecithum from Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
27. Comparison of two coprological methods for the diagnosis of
- Author
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L H, Olmos, A, Pantiu, A, Avellaneda-Cáceres, P N, Valencia, P N, Cayo, M, Signorini, and J F, Micheloud
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Fascioliasis ,Feces ,Sheep ,Animals ,Cattle Diseases ,Humans ,Sheep Diseases ,Cattle ,Dicrocoeliidae - Abstract
Eurytrematosis is a disease caused by flukes of the genus
- Published
- 2022
28. Interrelationships of Anenterotrema (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) from Neotropical bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) with description of a new species from Molossus molossus in Brazil
- Author
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Carlos Carrion Bonilla, Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos Melo, Thayane Ferreira Fernandes, Stephen E. Greiman, Vasyl V. Tkach, Tyler J. Achatz, and Jeannie Nascimento dos Santos
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0303 health sciences ,General Veterinary ,030231 tropical medicine ,Zoology ,Molossus molossus ,General Medicine ,Biology ,biology.organism_classification ,Digenea ,030308 mycology & parasitology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Monophyly ,0302 clinical medicine ,Infectious Diseases ,Genus ,Insect Science ,Dicrocoeliidae ,Large ribosomal subunit ,parasitic diseases ,Molecular phylogenetics ,Sucker ,Parasitology - Abstract
Anenterotrema is a small genus of dicrocoeliids (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) containing 6 species found in Neotropical bats. Members of this genus are characterized by the lack of digestive system organs and, unlike the majority of dicrocoeliids, parasitize the intestine of their definitive hosts. In this study, we have morphologically examined newly collected specimens belonging to four species of Anenterotrema from Brazil, Ecuador, and Panama. Based on the data in original descriptions and our analysis of quality new specimens, we resurrected Anenterotrema freitasi, previously synonymized with A. eduardocaballeroi. We also described a new species of Anenterotrema from Molossus molossus in the Brazilian Amazon. The new species differs from congeners in several morphological features, most prominently in the size and structure of its highly muscular, protuberant ventral sucker. It is also characterized by the lack of the semi-circular thickening of the tegument around the oral sucker typical for some members of the genus. We used partial DNA sequences of the large ribosomal subunit gene (28S) and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene (cox1) to test the monophyly of Anenterotrema, and study the interrelationships and determine the inter- and intraspecific variation of three Anenterotrema spp. collected from different bat species in Brazil, Ecuador and Panama.
- Published
- 2021
29. THE PREVALENCE OF DICROCOELIIDAE (DIGENEA) LARVAL STAGES IN THE FIRST INTERMEDIATE HOST HELIX LUCORUM, 1758 IN ESKISEHIR AND BARTIN PROVINCES OF TURKEY
- Author
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Kürşat Kartal, Mustafa Eser, and Fahriye Zemheri Navruz
- Subjects
Larva ,biology ,Dicrocoeliidae larval stages,Helix lucorum,Eskisehir,Bartin ,fungi ,Intermediate host ,Pharmaceutical Science ,Zoology ,Helix lucorum ,biology.organism_classification ,Digenea ,Dicrocoeliidae larval stage,Helix lucorum,Eskişehir,Bartın ,Dicrocoeliidae ,parasitic diseases ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Biology ,Biyoloji - Abstract
This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Dicrocoeliidae larval stages in Helix lucorum found in Eskişehir and Bartın provinces of Turkey. Snails were collected from the pastures of Eskişehir and Bartın. The snails were anesthetised with 50 mM sterilized magnesium chloride (MgCl2) before dissected. Internal organs of the snail, specifically hepatopancreas, were analysed with a stereomicroscope for sporocyst and cercaria. The larval forms were identified and monitored with a light microscope. The prevalence of Dicrocoeliidae larval stages in Helix lucorum in Eskişehir and Bartın was found to be 4.6% and 7.0%, respectively. Although cercariae in sporocysts were immature at the beginning of May, they began to grow and leave the sporocysts in the middle of May. It was understood that Helix lucorum served as an intermediate host to Dicrocoeliid trematodes in Eskişehir and Bartın provinces of Turkey., This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Dicrocoeliidae larval stages in Helix lucorum found in Eskisehir and Bartin provinces of Turkey. Snails were collected from the pastures of Eskisehir and Bartin. The snails were anesthetised with 50 mM sterilized magnesium chloride (MgCl2) before being dissected. Internal organs of the snail, specifically hepatopancreas, were analysed with a stereomicroscope in terms of sporocyst and cercaria.The larval forms were identified and monitored with a light microscope. The prevalence of Dicrocoeliidae larval stages in Helix lucorum in Eskisehir and Bartin was found to be 4.6% and 7.0% respectively.Although cercariae in sporocysts were immature at the beginning of May, they began to grow and leave the sporocysts in the middle of May. It was understood that Helix lucorumserved as an intermediate host to Dicrocoeliid trematodes in Eskisehir and Bartin provinces of Turkey.
- Published
- 2021
30. Anatomopathological lesions of infection caused by Platynosomum illiciens (Braun, 1901) in Neotropical primates kept in captivity
- Author
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Klena Sarges Marruaz da Silva, Reinaldo José da Silva, Aline Amaral Imbeloni, David F. Conga, Washington Luiz Assunção Pereira, UFRA, Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA), Fundação Osvaldo Cruz, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and CENP-SVS/MS
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Digestive System Diseases ,Liver fibrosis ,Captivity ,Trematode Infections ,Dicrocoeliidae ,0403 veterinary science ,Species Specificity ,wild primates ,medicine ,Animals ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,liver fibrosis ,General Veterinary ,business.industry ,Biliary epithelial hyperplasia ,Monkey Diseases ,05 social sciences ,hyperplasia ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,Hyperplasia ,medicine.disease ,Platyrrhini ,Platynosomum ,Portal fibrosis ,Animals, Zoo ,Animal Science and Zoology ,business ,Infiltration (medical) - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T10:17:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-02-01 This study described the hepatobiliary anatomopathological lesions associated with trematode Platynosomum illiciens parasitism in Neotropical primates kept in captivity. In the evaluated organs, we observed portal fibrosis, biliary epithelial hyperplasia, and inflammatory reaction with a predominance of lymphocytes and plasmocytes, and in some cases infiltration of eosinophils and neutrophils. Instituto de Saúde e Produção Animal Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia UFRA Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Produção Animal na Amazônia Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia (UFRA) Pesquisadora em Saúde Pública Fundação Osvaldo Cruz Departamento de Parasitologia Instituto de Biociências UNESP Centro Nacional de Primatas CENP-SVS/MS Departamento de Parasitologia Instituto de Biociências UNESP
- Published
- 2020
31. Treatment of primate platynosomosis: A word of caution about the use of praziquantel in marmosets
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Alan Lane de Melo, Hudson Alves Pinto, and Vitor Luís Tenório Mati
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Male ,040301 veterinary sciences ,Physiology ,Trematode Infections ,Dicrocoeliidae ,Praziquantel ,0403 veterinary science ,Antiplatyhelmintic Agents ,biology.animal ,medicine ,Animals ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Primate ,050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology ,Feces ,Callithrix penicillata ,General Veterinary ,biology ,business.industry ,Monkey Diseases ,05 social sciences ,Callithrix ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,biology.organism_classification ,Hepatic Involvement ,Platynosomum ,Animals, Zoo ,Female ,Animal Science and Zoology ,business ,Brazil ,After treatment ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background The successive reports of Platynosomum illiciens in Neotropical captive primates have increased interest in platynosomosis; however, its treatment is little known. Methods Callithrix penicillata (n = 10) naturally and chronically infected with P. illiciens were treated with praziquantel (25 mg/kg BW, three s.c. doses at 24 hours intervals), and coproparasitological tests performed over 67 days. The proportions of primates with a reduction in fecal egg counts (FEC) or negative results progressively increased after treatment, and at the last fecal tests, marmosets were negative. Results and conclusions Although all primates tolerated the initial days of study well, 40% (4/10) of them died between the 8th and 16th days after the onset of treatment. Clinical signs and necropsies indicated the occurrence of hepatic involvement, biliary obstruction, and cholangitis. Marmosets with a higher previous FEC were more likely to die after treatment. Use of praziquantel should be considered carefully on a case-by-case basis.
- Published
- 2020
32. Platynosomum illiciens (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae) in Captive Black-Tufted Marmoset Callithrix penicillata (Primates: Cebidae) from Brazil: A Morphometric Analyses with Taxonomic Comments on Species of Platynosomum from Nonhuman Primates.
- Author
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Pinto, Hudson A., Mati, Vitor L. T., Pujoni, Diego G. F., and Melo, Alan L.
- Subjects
DICROCOELIIDAE ,MARMOSETS ,BIRD parasites ,SPECIES distribution - Abstract
The trematodes belonging to the genus Platynosomum are biliary parasites of birds and mammals (domestic and wildlife) in tropical and subtropical areas of the globe. Despite several reports on platynosomosis in captive nonhuman primates, mainly in South America, the taxonomy of species of Platynosomum that infect these hosts remains confused, and it is not clear whether the species found in cats is the same that infects nonhuman primates. Because a detailed morphological study of Platynosomum from nonhuman primates is lacking, in this study we analyzed specimens of Platynosomum recovered from the biliary system of Callithrix penicillata kept in captivity in an animal facility. The helminths were submitted to morphological and morphometric analyses in a light microscope and measurements of 16 morphological traits were taken. A kernel density estimation (KDE) was used to estimate density distributions of the measurements obtained as well as the occurrence of overlap with the ranges of the measurements known to 2 other species of Platynosomum previously described from South American marmosets, Platynosomum amazonensis and Platynosomum marmoseti. A principal component analysis (PCA) was also performed in order to evaluate the position of each of the 3 species in the multivariate gradient of morphometric measurements. The occurrence of a growth gradient was also evaluated by analysis of correlation between the measurements. Besides a great morphological variability, all specimens obtained from marmosets in this study were identified as Platynosomum illiciens (Braun, 1901). In addition, the published ranges of the measurements of P. amazonensis and P. marmoseti were completely contained within the ranges found in this study as revealed by KDE. The PCA did not show the formation of groups, and the 3 species were distributed along a growth continuum, also corroborated by correlation analysis. Therefore, P. amazonensis and P. marmoseti are here synonymized with P. illiciens. The involvement of wildlife hosts to the epidemiology of feline platynosomosis and implications for its control are briefly discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
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33. NEW RECORD OF BRACHYDISTOMUM MICROSCELIS (YAMAGUTI, 1933) (TREMATODA, DICROCOELIIDAE) FROM HOUSE SPARROWPASSER DOMESTICUS BIBLICUS HARTERT, 1904 IN BAGHDAD, IRAQ
- Author
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Afkar M. Hadi and Ahlam J. Taher
- Subjects
Sparrow ,Ecology ,biology ,Paleontology ,Zoology ,Geology ,Plant Science ,biology.organism_classification ,Raillietina tetragona ,Genus ,Insect Science ,Dicrocoeliidae ,biology.animal ,Gall ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Trematoda ,Gizzard ,Passer ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
A total of 30 specimens of house sparrow Passer domesticus biblicus Hartert, 1904 (15 females and 15 males) were collected from gardens of some houses in Baghdad city; all birds were dissected to identify the parasites in vesicle, gizzard, intestine, gall bladder and caecum. One species of trematodes Brachydistomum microscelis (Yamaguti, 1933) was found in the gall bladder and two species of cestodes Anonchotaenia globata (von Linstow, 1879) and Raillietina tetragona (Molin, 1858) were found in the small intestine of house sparrow. Morphologic and morphometric measurements were considered. The genus Brachydistomum Travassos, 1944 is being recorded for the first time in Iraq in the gall bladder of house sparrow, as it was not previously recorded from birds in Iraq.
- Published
- 2020
34. Update of Dicrocoeliidae (Digenea) parasitizing rodents from the Americas with a description of a new Platynosomoides species from Argentina
- Author
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NATALIA B. GUERREIRO MARTINS, GUILLERMO PANISSE, MARÍA DEL ROSARIO ROBLES, JULIA I. DIAZ, and GRACIELA T. NAVONE
- Subjects
Multidisciplinary ,Arvicolinae ,Argentina ,Rodentia ,Dicrocoeliidae ,Rodent Diseases ,Animals ,Dicroceliidae ,Female ,Trematoda ,Sigmodontinae ,Platynosomoides ,Akodon montensis ,Cricetidae - Abstract
Digeneans are common parasites of small mammals. Dicrocoeliidae is a family with a cosmopolitan distribution, with 18 genera previously recorded from mammals in the Americas, six of them parasitizing rodents in Argentina. In this study, an updated compilation is provided of Dicrocoeliidae from rodents in the Americas. Also, a new Platynosomoides species is described parasitizing the cricetid rodent Akodon montensis of the Atlantic Forest in Argentina. Digital repositories were used to search for Dicrocoeliidae from rodents in the Americas. Rodents were collected in four localities of the Atlantic Forest, Argentina. Digeneans were removed from the rodent’s bile duct, and conventional studies were used for the morphological description. A total of 15 Dicrocoeliidae species were found parasitizing 18 rodent species from eight countries in the Americas. The new species of Platynosomoides from Akodon montensis differs from the other two species of genus by the size of body, testes, ovary, cecum length and position and length of the vitelline bands. Dicrocoeliidae show growing diversity, and the compilation of species in a rodent host base allows a clearer comparison and identification of new taxa in the future.
- Published
- 2022
35. Cepaea spp. as a source of Brachylaima mesostoma (Digenea: Brachylaimidae) and Brachylecithum sp. (Digenea: Dicrocoeliidae) larvae in Poland
- Author
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Anna Smorąg, Elżbieta Żbikowska, Julita Templin, Anna Marszewska, Tomasz Strzała, and Anna Cichy
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Population ,Snails ,Zoology ,Hepatopancreas ,Snail ,Trematode Infections ,010603 evolutionary biology ,01 natural sciences ,Dicrocoeliidae ,Digenea ,03 medical and health sciences ,biology.animal ,Cepaea nemoralis ,Prevalence ,Parasite hosting ,Animals ,Metacercariae ,Brachylaima ,education ,education.field_of_study ,Larva ,Life Cycle Stages ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Intermediate host ,Brachylecithum sp ,General Medicine ,Brachylaima mesostoma ,biology.organism_classification ,Shell morph ,Helminthology - Original Paper ,030104 developmental biology ,Infectious Diseases ,Insect Science ,Cepaea ,Parasitology ,Cepaea hortensis ,Poland - Abstract
Parasite diagnostics were carried out on 11 Polish populations of Cepaea spp. In three of them, coming from the roadside ditches of a village (Rytel, northern Poland), very high (up to 60%) prevalence of Brachylaima mesostoma was observed. This study provides the first molecular evidence of the presence of B. mesostoma inside Cepaea spp. in Europe. In a few snails from a population found in a private garden in a small town (Chełmża, northern Poland), larvae of Brachylecithum sp. were present. Cercariae and/or metacercariae of B. mesostoma were observed in both species of Cepaea: C. hortensis and C. nemoralis, whereas larvae of Brachylecithum sp. were found only in C. nemoralis. Both species of parasites inhabited snail hepatopancreas whose structure was significantly damaged by larvae. There was no significant connection between parasite invasion and snail host morphotype. The research did not allow the reasons for the high prevalence of B. mesostoma in Cepaea spp. to be explained, and also did not explicitly indicate how the parasite invaded Cepaea spp. individuals making them, at the same time a second intermediate host. However, it poses important questions about the life cycle of the parasite that may threaten extensively kept small-size farms of poultry.
- Published
- 2019
36. Pancreatic eurytrematosis in small ruminants: A forgotten disease or an untold history?
- Author
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Davi Emanuel Ribeiro de, Sousa and Márcio Botelho de, Castro
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Anthelmintics ,Sheep ,Goat Diseases ,General Veterinary ,Goats ,Animals ,Sheep Diseases ,Cattle ,Parasitology ,Ruminants ,General Medicine ,Dicrocoeliidae - Abstract
Trematodiosis are among the most neglected parasitic diseases worldwide. The pancreatic eurytrematosis (PE) is a chronic parasitic infection mostly reported in cattle but has been unnoticed in small ruminants for many decades. Our review showed PE has been recorded as scattered regional reports in goats and sheep, mainly in Asia and Eastern Europe. Eurytrema coelomaticum, Eurytrema cladorchis, and Eurytrema pancreaticum have been the main pathogenic species infecting pancreatic ducts of small ruminants. Climatic, environmental, and regional conditions in both hemispheres may support the survival and feasibility of intermediate hosts and parasitic forms, enabling the emergence and spread of PE in small ruminants. As a primarily asymptomatic condition, PE in goats and sheep flocks may also have a high prevalence, causing severe parasitic pancreatitis, production losses, and death. There is little information on anthelmintic therapeutics for PE in small ruminants, and most used anti-fluke drugs are ineffective. PE is likely more unnoticed than a neglected trematodiosis in goats and sheep, or both from a global perspective.
- Published
- 2022
37. Antigenic components, identification, and characterization of whole worm extract of Platynosomum illiciens
- Author
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Shin Moe, Aoke, Amaya, Watthanadirek, Napassorn, Poolsawat, Nitipon, Srionrod, Pornpiroon, Nooroong, Sutthida, Minsakorn, Sitthichok, Lacharoje, Woraporn, Sukhumavasi, and Panat, Anuracpreeda
- Subjects
General Veterinary ,Tandem Mass Spectrometry ,Cats ,Animals ,Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ,Female ,Parasitology ,Trematode Infections ,General Medicine ,Cat Diseases ,Dicrocoeliidae ,Chromatography, Liquid ,Ovum - Abstract
The antigenic components of adult Platynosomum illiciens were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting using sera from cats naturally infected with P. illiciens, Dipylidium caninum, Toxocara cati and uninfected cat sera. The whole worm extract (WWE) of P. illiciens was fractionated by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration chromatography. The results showed that WWE fraction and F2 were highly antigenic as well as F1 and F3, which were moderately antigenic. For SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting, the antigenic molecules of WWE and all three fractions were mostly at molecular weights (MW) ranging from 11 to 150 kDa. Four antigenic proteins of 11, 18, 27 and 75 kDa detected in WWE and F1-F3 were found to give a reaction with sera from P. illiciens infected cats, and these proteins were also identified using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). For immunolocalization observation, it was revealed that the P. illiciens antigen was present in high concentration in the cytoplasm of vitelline cells in the vitelline glands, the shell of the eggs and the eggs within the uterus, but not in other organs, i.e., tegument, muscle, parenchymal cells, testes and oral and ventral suckers of adult fluke. This finding indicates that these proteins may be potential antigen candidates for the immunodiagnosis of feline platynosomosis caused by P. illiciens.
- Published
- 2022
38. Hepatic trematode Platynosomum sp. (Dicrocoeliidae) from a domestic cat in Colombo, Sri Lanka: Case report and molecular identification
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Dissanayaka Mudiyanselage Asha Erandhi, Ranaraja, Thilini Anupama Nanayakkarawasam, Mahakapuge, Dulari Samanthika, Thilakarathne, Juliyabaduge Yushika Chamodi, Dharmasuriya, and Rajapakse Peramune Veddikkarage Jayanthe, Rajapakse
- Subjects
Liver ,General Veterinary ,Cats ,Animals ,Parasitology ,Trematoda ,Trematode Infections ,Cat Diseases ,Dicrocoeliidae ,Sri Lanka - Abstract
Platynosomum is a digenean trematode causing hepatobiliary disease in cats in tropical and subtropical regions. The presence of Platynosomum species in Sri Lanka has not been previously reported or investigated. In the current study, we report a clinical case of a cat suffering from hepatic and biliary complications. Fine-needle aspiration of the biliary extract revealed a large number of parasite eggs, and the morphological and molecular identification of eggs was carried out. Molecular phylogenetics was performed using the nuclear ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) and a portion of a mitochondrially encoded gene; Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit 1 (COX1). Through a combination of history, clinical signs, blood reports, ultrasound scanning, light microscopy of eggs from biliary aspirate and molecular studies, the disease was confirmed as parasitism caused by a Platynosomum like species. The Platynosomum species in Sri Lanka is phylogenetically related to Platynosomum illiciens reported from Costa Rica, Central America. This case emphasizes the importance of future studies in Sri Lanka regarding the prevalence and distribution of Platynosomum among cat populations. Further, the inclusion of feline platynosomiasis in the differential diagnoses list for hepatobiliary diseases is required.
- Published
- 2022
39. Relative Effects of Temperature, Light, and Humidity on Clinging Behavior of Metacercariae-Infected Ants.
- Author
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Botnevik, C. F., Malagocka, J., Jensen, A. B., and Fredensborg, B. L.
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ANTS ,METACERCARIA ,EFFECT of temperature on insects ,EFFECT of light on insects ,EFFECT of humidity on insects ,FORMICA polyctena ,DICROCOELIIDAE ,TREMATODA hosts - Abstract
The lancet fluke, Dicrocoelium dendriticum, is perhaps the best-known example of parasite manipulation of host behavior, which is manifested by a radically changed behavior that leaves infected ants attached to vegetation at times when transmission to an herbivore host is optimal. Despite the publicity surrounding this parasite, curiously little is known about factors inducing and maintaining behavioral changes in its ant intermediate host. This study examined the importance of 3 environmental factors on the clinging behavior of red wood ants, Formica polyctena, infected with D. dendriticum. This behavior, hypothesized to involve cramping of the mandibular muscles in a state of tetany, was observed in naturally infected F. polyctena under controlled temperature, light, and humidity conditions. We found that low temperature significantly stimulated and maintained tetany in infected ants while light, humidity, ant size, and infection intensity had no influence on this behavior. Under none of the experimental conditions did uninfected ants attach to vegetation, demonstrating that tetany was induced by D. dendriticum. Temperature likely has a direct impact on the initiation of clinging behavior, but it may also serve as a simple but reliable indicator of the encounter rate between infected ants and ruminant definitive hosts. In addition, temperature-sensitive behavior manipulation may protect infected ants from exposure to temperatures in the upper thermal range of the host. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. First record of the natural infection of Chondrus toumefortianus (Mollusca: Pulmonata) by Dicrocoeliidae (Digenea) larval stages in Kastamonu, Turkey.
- Author
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GÜRELLI, Gözde and ALAY, Mehtap
- Subjects
DICROCOELIIDAE ,DIGENEA - Abstract
The prevalence of larval stages of Dicrocoeliidae in the land snail, Chondrus toumefortianus (Ferussac, 1821), found in Kastamonu, Turkey, was investigated and some of its morphological and histological features were determined. The snail samples were collected in spring and autumn. C. toumefortianus has been reported for the first time as being an intermediate host in the life cycle of Dicrocoeliid (Trematoda: Digenea) species. The prevalence of the infection in Kastamonu, Turkey was 2.27%, with the highest value occurring in October. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
41. Can the same species of Platynosomum (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae) infect both mammalian and avian hosts?
- Author
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Pinto, H.A., Mati, V.L.T., and Melo, A.L.
- Subjects
- *
DICROCOELIIDAE , *HOST-parasite relationships , *BIRD diseases , *GEOGRAPHICAL distribution of helminths , *EPIDEMIOLOGY - Abstract
The importance of platynosomiasis has increased in feline veterinary practice, but aspects related to the specificity of Platynosomum spp. in definitive hosts requires further study. Although morphological traits suggest that the same species, P. illiciens, may infect both birds and mammals, the synonymies previously proposed have not been widely accepted, likely because host specificity is assumed. In addition, the name P. fastosum has frequently been used for parasites recovered from mammals. In the present study, metacercariae (n= 100/animal) of P. illiciens recovered from lizards (Hemidactylus mabouia) in Brazil were fed to Australian parakeets (Melopsittacus undulatus) and mice. Two parasites were recovered from the liver of one M. undulatus specimen during a necropsy that was performed 105 days after infection, and all mice were found to be infected with 37 ± 12 (18–48) parasites. The morphology of the P. illiciens obtained from the parakeet was similar to that of parasites obtained from mice and those described previously from naturally infected birds and mammals. Non-specificity of P. illiciens in hosts is discussed briefly, based on the parasitological and morphological results obtained during the avian experimental platynosomiasis and the epidemiology and geographical distribution of this parasite. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Molecular characteristics of representatives of the genus Brachylecithum Shtrom, 1940 (Digenea, Dicrocoeliidae) with comments on life cycle and host specificity.
- Author
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Hildebrand, Joanna, Sitko, Jilji, Zaleśny, Grzegorz, Jeżewski, Witold, and Laskowski, Zdzisław
- Subjects
- *
SNAILS , *PHYLOGENY , *RIBOSOMAL DNA , *MITOCHONDRIAL DNA , *DICROCOELIIDAE - Abstract
The genus Brachylecithum was for the first time subject to molecular taxonomic phylogenetic analysis in order to ascertain relationships among its component taxa. We used two markers-the nuclear ribosomal 28S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) gene and the mitochondrial cox1 gene, for six species of the genus; 11 sequences of partial 28S rDNA and partial cox1 were obtained from adult B. capilliformis, B. glareoli, B. kakea, B. laniicola, B. lobatum, and B. strigis, and from larval stages obtained from snails of the genus Cepaea. We propose to synonymize B. strigis with B. lobatum, while the genetic differences in the 28S rDNA gene and mitochondrial cox1 gene confirm the species status of B. capilliformis and indicate a distinct group within Brachylecithum, including B. kakea and B. laniicola. Cercarial and metacercarial isolates from the snails showed 100 % similarity to B. lobatum; thus, it is the first record of Cepaea snails as intermediate hosts of this species and the first report on life cycle abbreviation within the Dicrocoeliidae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. De novo assembly and characterization of the transcriptome of the pancreatic fluke Eurytrema pancreaticum (trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae) using Illumina paired-end sequencing.
- Author
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Liu, Guo-Hua, Xu, Min-Jun, Song, Hui-Qun, Wang, Chun-Ren, and Zhu, Xing-Quan
- Subjects
- *
MOLECULAR self-assembly , *TRANSCRIPTION factors , *TREMATODA , *DICROCOELIIDAE , *NUCLEOTIDE sequencing - Abstract
Eurytrema pancreaticum is one of the most common trematodes living in the pancreatic and bile ducts of ruminants and also occasionally infects humans, causing eurytremiasis. In spite of its economic and medical importance, very little is known about the genomic resources of this parasite. Herein, we performed de novo sequencing, assembly and characterization of the transcriptome of adult E. pancreaticum . Approximately 36.4 million high-quality clean reads were obtained, and the length of the transcript contigs ranged from 66 to 19,968 nt with mean length of 479 nt and N50 length of 1094 nt, and then 23,573 unigenes were assembled. Of these unigenes, 15,353 (65.1%) were annotated by blast searches against the NCBI non-redundant protein database. Among these, 15,267 (64.8%), 2732 (11.6%) and 10,354 (43.9%) of the unigenes had significant similarity with proteins in the NR, NT and Swiss-Prot databases, respectively. 5510 (23.4%) and 4567 (19.4%) unigenes were assigned to GO and COG, respectively. 8886 (37.7%) unigenes were identified and mapped onto 254 pathways in the KEGG Pathway database. Furthermore, we found that 105 (1.18%) unigenes were related to pancreatic secretion and 61 (0.7%) to pancreatic cancer. The present study represents the first transcriptome of any members of the family Dicrocoeliidae, which has little genomic information available in the public databases. The novel transcriptome of E. pancreaticum should provide a useful resource for designing new strategies against pancreatic flukes and other trematodes of human and animal health significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Sequencing and characterization of the complete mitochondrial genome from the pancreatic fluke Eurytrema pancreaticum (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae).
- Author
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Chang, Qiao-Cheng, Liu, Guo-Hua, Gao, Jun-Feng, Zheng, Xu, Zhang, Yan, Duan, Hong, Yue, Dong-Mei, Fu, Xue, Su, Xin, Gao, Yuan, and Wang, Chun-Ren
- Subjects
- *
PARASITES , *GENETICS , *MITOCHONDRIA , *GENOMES , *PHYLOGENY , *GENETIC markers , *AMINO acid analysis , *DICROCOELIIDAE - Abstract
The trematode Eurytrema pancreaticum is a parasite of ruminant pancreatic and bile ducts, and also occasionally infects humans, causing eurytremiasis. In spite of it being a common fluke of cattle and sheep in endemic regions, little is known about the genomic resources of the parasite. We sequenced the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of E. pancreaticum . It is 15,031 bp in size, and encodes 36 genes: 12 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. The E. pancreaticum mt gene order is the same as that of Dicrocoelium chinensis and Dicrocoelium dendriticum , and all genes are transcribed in the same direction. Phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated amino acid sequences of 12 protein-coding genes by Bayesian inference shows that E. pancreaticum is closely related to D. chinensis and other members of the family Dicrocoeliidae with strong posterior probability support. The E. pancreaticum mt genome should prove to be a useful resource for comparative mt genomic studies of digenetic trematodes, and will provide a rich source of DNA markers for studies into the systematics, epidemiology, and population genetics of this parasite and other digenean trematodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Acute infection with Platynosomum illiciens (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae) as a clinically relevant and potentially fatal disease in Falco sparverius (Aves: Falconidae) in Brazil
- Author
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Hudson A. Pinto, Olivia M.S. Cruz, Danimar López-Hernández, Vitor L.T. Mati, and Nelson R.S. Martins
- Subjects
General Veterinary ,Animals ,Parasitology ,Female ,Trematode Infections ,Dicrocoeliidae ,Brazil ,Falconiformes - Abstract
Platynosomum illiciens is a dicrocoeliid trematode from the biliary tract of warm-blooded vertebrates (felines, primates, marsupials, and birds) reported in different parts of the world. Although the veterinary relevance of platynosomosis in mammals, especially in domestic felines, has been increasingly evidenced in the scientific literature, studies involving avian disease caused by P. illiciens are comparatively scarce. In the present study, a female specimen of the American kestrel, Falco sparverius L., found dead, in November 2019, in Brazil, was necropsied. Parietal biliary effusion in the celomatic cavity was observed, suggesting biliary transudation and gallbladder stasis, which possibily preceded the distension and rupture of gallbladder noted during necropsy. In the microscopic analysis of the bile content, small trematodes were found and characterized as immature stages of Platynosomum after the morphological study. Partial sequences of the cox-1 gene enabled the identification of P. illiciens, with 100% similarity with previously sequenced sympatric isolates from mammals. The finding of immature specimens in a ruptured gallbladder strongly suggests a role for the parasite in biliary flow dysfunction, indicating acute platynosomosis as a clinically relevant and potentially fatal condition that has not yet been discussed.
- Published
- 2021
46. PREVALENCIA DE HELMINTOS INTESTINALES DE UNA POBLACIÓN DE MONOS MAQUISAPAS SILVESTRES ATELES BELZEBUTH CHAMEK EN EL PARQUE NACIONAL DE MANU, PERÚ
- Author
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Martha Williams, Manuel Tantaleán, Farah Carrasco, and K. Nicole Gibson
- Subjects
Veterinary medicine ,education.field_of_study ,Trichuris ,biology ,Dicrocoeliidae ,Strongyloides ,Population ,Trypanoxyuris ,Helminths ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Ateles belzebuth ,education - Abstract
El presente trabajo pretende establecer la prevalencia de los helmintos intestinales de una poblaciónprotegida de Ateles belzebuth chamek. Para ello, se colectaron muestras fecales de 34 individuos pertenecientes a tres grupos sociales de una población en la Estación Biológica Cocha Cashu del Parque Nacional del Manu, Perú. Las muestras fueron fijadas en formol (10 %, 60 ºC) y analizadas mediante el método directo y el de Ritchie para el caso de helmintos. Para los protozoarios, las muestras se conservaron en alcohol polivinílico (PVA) y fueron procesadas para su análisis mediante frotis y tinción con colorante Tricrómica de Gomori. El análisis de laboratorio reveló que 76,4 % (26/34) de los individuos muestreados estaban parasitados. Se identificaron larvas o huevecillos de Strongyloides, Trichuris, Trypanoxyuris, tipo estrongilídeo y de un tremátodo de la familia Dicrocoeliidae, pero de acuerdo con las técnicas empleadas no se halló ninguna especie de protozoario.
- Published
- 2021
47. Platynosomum illiciens (Trematoda: Dicrocoeliidae) em um sagui híbrido (Callithrix sp.) no município de Seropédica, RJ, Brasil - Relato de caso
- Author
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Carlos Wilson Gomes Lopes, Douglas McIntosh, Barbara Rauta de Avelar, Carlos Alexandre Rey Matias, Diefrey Ribeiro Campos, Debora Azevedo Borges, Rayane Christine Pereira de Assis, Fabio Barbour Scott, and Julia Aline Santos de Mello Pereira
- Subjects
030231 tropical medicine ,Zoology ,Trematode Infections ,Cat Diseases ,Platynosomiasis ,Dicrocoeliidae ,SF1-1100 ,030308 mycology & parasitology ,law.invention ,parasitological diagnosis ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,law ,biology.animal ,Animals ,Ribosomal DNA ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Platinosomíase ,0303 health sciences ,General Veterinary ,biology ,Marmoset ,Callithrix ,Amplicon ,biology.organism_classification ,primatas não humanos ,Animal culture ,GenBank ,diagnóstico parasitológico ,Cats ,Platynosomum ,Parasitology ,Trematoda ,non-human primates ,Brazil - Abstract
Platynosomum illiciens is a liver trematode encountered infecting mainly felids although it has also been reported in birds and in additional mammalian species, including non-human primates. The current study reports a natural P. illiciens infection primate of the genus Callithrix. The diagnosis was made using a combination of copro-parasitological techniques, morphological evaluation of adult specimens recovered from the liver during necropsy, and molecular analyses. Eggs were brown in color, oval, operculated, and contained a miracidium. Adult specimens recovered during necropsy were measured and showed dimensions compatible with P. illiciens. Molecular characterization of the trematode involved amplification by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), in combination with nucleotide sequencing, of an approximately 900 base pairs fragment corresponding to 18S-ITS1-5.8S ribosomal DNA. Sequenced amplicons showed 100% nucleotide identity with sequences deposited in the GenBank database as derived from specimens of P. illiciens recovered from cats in Malaysia and Brazil. It was concluded that the morphological and molecular analyses presented herein, confirmed the identification of the trematode recovered as P. illiciens. Resumo Platynosomum illiciens é um trematódeo do fígado, encontrado principalmente em felinos, embora também tenha sido relatado em aves e outras espécies de mamíferos, incluindo primatas não humanos. Este estudo relata um caso de parasitismo natural por P. illiciens em um primata do gênero Callithrix. O diagnóstico foi feito com uma combinação de técnicas coproparasitológicas, avaliação morfológica de espécimes adultos recuperados do fígado durante a necropsia e análise molecular. Os ovos eram de cor marrom, ovais, operculados e continham um miracídio. Espécimes adultos recuperados durante a necropsia foram medidos e mostraram dimensões compatíveis com P. illiciens. A caracterização molecular do trematódeo envolveu a reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e o sequenciamento de um fragmento de, aproximadamente, 900 pares de bases correspondentes ao DNA robosomal 18S-ITS1-5.8S, que apresentou 100% de identidade da sequência de nucleotídeos com as sequências do GenBank depositadas como derivadas de P. illiciens recuperados de gatos na Malásia e no Brasil, respectivamente. Concluiu-se pelas análises morfológicas e moleculares aqui apresentadas, que o trematódeo é da espécie P. illiciens.
- Published
- 2021
48. Molecular phylogeny provides new insights on the taxonomy and composition of Lyperosomum Looss, 1899 (Digenea, Dicrocoeliidae) and related genera
- Author
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Zdzisław Laskowski, Vasyl V. Tkach, Witold Jeżewski, Jiljí Sitko, Grzegorz Zaleśny, Joanna Hildebrand, and Ewa Pyrka
- Subjects
Mitochondrial DNA ,Life cycle ,Molecular phylogeny ,Biology ,Dicrocoeliidae ,Lyperosomum ,Article ,Digenea ,030308 mycology & parasitology ,03 medical and health sciences ,lcsh:Zoology ,lcsh:QL1-991 ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,Phylogenetic tree ,biology.organism_classification ,Infectious Diseases ,Taxon ,Evolutionary biology ,Molecular phylogenetics ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Parasitology ,Taxonomy (biology) - Abstract
Lyperosomum Looss, 1899 is one of the largest genera of the Dicrocoeliidae and is one of the best examples of the systematic complexity and taxonomic instability within this family. We present the molecular analyses based on novel sequences of nuclear and mitochondrial genes obtained from 56 isolates of adult flukes and larval stages of dicrocoeliids belonging to Lyperosomum, Skrjabinus, Zonorchis as well as previously available sequence data. According to obtained results we propose to return Zonorchis clathratus and Z. petiolatus into Lyperosomum, and to recognize L. alagesi as a synonym of L. petiolatum. Our study shows that L. petiolatum commonly occurs in Europe in corvids as well as in several species of migratory songbirds, e.g. Sylvia atricapilla. At the same time, the Turdidae appear to host a distinct species of Lyperosomum. The phylogenetic analysis has clearly demonstrated the paraphylepic nature of Lyperosomum and indicated the need of its thorough revision preferably using specimens from type hosts and type territories of nominal species. In addition, inclusion of numerous not yet sequenced dicrocoeliid genera into future phylogenetic studies is necessary to clarify the interrelationships of taxa within the family and stabilize its system., Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • Significant discord exists between molecular data and current taxonomy of Lyperosomum. • Phylogenetic relationships of Lyperosomum, Skrjabinus and Zonorchis were studied. • Lyperosomum is a paraphyletic taxon. • Re-evaluation of morphological criteria used in dicrocoeliid systematics is needed. • Life cycle of Lyperosomum petiolatum is elucidated for the first time in the nature.
- Published
- 2019
49. DICROCOELIUM LANCEATUM (TREMATODA, DICROCOELIIDAE): THE STUDY OF THE NEURO-MUSCULAR SYSTEM
- Author
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Kreshchenko, Nefedova, Nikogosyan, Terenina, Mochalova, Movsesyan, Petrosyan, and Yashin
- Subjects
biology ,Dicrocoeliidae ,Muscular system ,Anatomy ,Trematoda ,biology.organism_classification ,Dicrocoelium - Abstract
The work provides data on the presence and localization in the nervous system of the causative agent of dicroceliosis, Dicrocoelium lanceatum serotonergic and FMRFaminergic structures. Using the immunocytochemical method and confocal scanning laser microscopy, the test substances were found in the central and peripheral parts of the parasite's nervous system — in the head ganglia, the central nervous commissure, the longitudinal nerve trunks and the transverse commissures connecting them. The innervation of the nerve fibers of the attachment organs of trematodes by immunoreactive to serotonin and neuropeptide is shown.Trematode Dicrocoelium lanceatum (Stiles and Hassal, 1896) (Dicrocoeliidae) is the causative agent of Dicroceliosis, a widespread helminthiasis of domestic and wild animals. Dwelling in the bile ducts of the liver and in the gallbladder, dicroceliums cause irreversible pathological changes in the host organism, chronic inflammation of the bile ducts, cirrhosis of the liver, and metabolic processes in animals occur. As a result of the disease, animals are depleted, their productivity decreases, growth and development lag, and the nutritional and caloric value of meat decrease.In the cycle of development of the causative agent of dicroceliasis, the intermediate hosts are land mollusks, while the additional hosts are ants. The eggs of the parasite along with the bile enter the host intestine, and then with the feces into the external environment. Mollusks swallow eggs, miracidia come out from the eggs in the intestines of the mollusk, and penetrate the liver, where daughter sporocysts develop, in which cercariae form. Of the daughter sporocysts, cercariae are introduced into the respiratory cavity of the mollusk, where they are covered with sticky mucous substance. The formed mucous lumps are pushed by the respiratory movements of the mollusk into the external environment. Infection of ants occurs when eating these mucous balls. Once in the intestinal tract, cercariae enter the ant's abdominal cavity, where they turn into metacercariae. The definitive owners infect on pastures, swallowing invasive ants along with grass.
- Published
- 2019
50. First report of natural infection of Xerolenta obvia (Pulmonata, Mollusca) by Dicrocoeliidae (Digenea) larval stages in Turkey
- Author
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Gözde Gürelli and Fatma Mohamed Abdualrazig Khalifa Ismail
- Subjects
Larva ,biology ,Dicrocoeliidae ,Dicrocoelium dendriticum ,General Medicine ,Xerolenta obvia ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulmonata ,Molecular biology ,Digenea - Abstract
Calismanin amaci: Bu calismada, Kastamonu’da dagilis gosteren kara salyangozu Xerolenta obvia (Menke, 1828)’daki Dicrocoeliid larval safhalarinin yayginliginin tespit edilmesi ve bu safhalarin (sporokist ve serkarya) morfolojik ozelliklerinin arastirilmasi amaclanmistir. Materyal ve Yontem: X. obvia ornekleri 2016 yilinin ilkbahar (Nisan ve Mayis) ve sonbahar (Ekim ve Kasim) aylarinda yagmurdan sonra Kastamonu ili cevresinden toplanmistir. Canli iken diseke edilip, hepatopankreaslari cikarilmis ve %0.6’li k NaCl sol usyonu iceren temiz kucuk cam tuplere yerlestirilmistir. Bir igne kullanilarak hepatopankreaslari diseke edilmis ve parazitin canli haldeki larval safhalarini arastirmak icin sivi bir lamin uzerine ince bir tabaka seklinde yayilmistir. Dicrocoeliid larval safhalari (sporokist ve serkarya) isik mikroskobuyla gozlemlenerek %5’lik formalinle tespit edilmis ve Semichon ’s acetocarmine ile boyanmistir. Orneklerin bir kismi scanning elektron mikroskobu arastirmalari icin hazirlanmistir. Sonuclar: X. obvia ’nin Dicrocoeliidae familyasinin yas am d ongusune ara konaklik yaptigi Turkiye’den ilk kez rapor edilmistir. Kastamonu’da enfeksiyonun yayginligi %0.78’dir ve en yuksek oldugu ay Nisan’dir. Arastirma vurgulari: Salyangozlar, ozellikle otcul hayvanlarin otladigi koyler ve ciftliklerin civarindaki meralardan toplandigi icin tespit edilen larval safhalarin ozellikle Dicrocoelium dendriticum ’a ait olabilecegi kanaatine varilmistir. Meralardan toplanan salyangozlarda bu trematod parazitinin larval donemlerinin varligi, kesin konak hayvanlar icin bir risk teskil etmektedir.
- Published
- 2018
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