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Studying the dynamic response of rock mass mining and strata control technology is of great significance for promoting safe and efficient coal production and ensuring stable energy supply. It is the theoretical basis for scientific mining of coal resources. Mine rock mass disasters (surrounding rock deformation, rock burst, etc.) occur frequently, and their formation-evolution-occurrence process is closely related to the evolution and distribution of mine-induced stress, strata movement, mine-induced disturbance and energy evolution. Based on the practical theory of ground pressure control, the progress and control criteria of strata control in the stope are presented. The mechanical models and design methods for quantitative analysis are established. Also, the targeted rock disaster control technology and the assorted equipment are innovatively developed. In the theory of mining mechanics and strata control, the strata control is divided into rock control in stope and surrounding rock control in roadway. The control or utilization of strata movement to change the conditions of disaster is proposed, and the criteria of “given deformation” and “limited deformation” are provided. The self-stabilization ability of surrounding rock can be changed by regulating the “3S” factors criteria (stress environment, structural properties, and support structure). With the goal of controlling rock mass disasters, the system of control and energy release with core of stress control in roadway surrounding rock is presented. The principle of rock mass disaster control considering stress and energy and the assessment criteria for weak surface (safety factor K and impact hazard factor U) are established. The ground pressure mechanical simulation test system in stope, the mining-induced stress test system, and the creep and dynamic disturbance impact loading test system are independently developed. The series equipment can realize the laboratory-scale reduction of the deformation-fracture-movement process of rock mass under the action of mine-induced stress, providing experimental equipment for studying the mechanical response of rock mass. Engineering case studies are conducted from four directions: rock control in the mining area, geological soft rock control, engineering soft rock roadway control, and rockburst control. The relevant research results are validated in engineering applications.