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Force feedback bilateral teleoperation represents a pivotal advancement in control technology, finding widespread application in hazardous material transportation, perilous environments, space and deep-sea exploration, and healthcare domains. This paper traces the evolutionary trajectory of force feedback bilateral teleoperation from its conceptual inception to its current complexity. It elucidates the fundamental principles underpinning interaction forces and tactile exchanges, with a specific emphasis on the crucial role of tactile devices. In this review, a quantitative analysis of force feedback bilateral teleoperation development trends from 2011 to 2024 has been conducted, utilizing published journal article data as the primary source of information. The review accentuates classical control frameworks and algorithms, while also delving into existing research advancements and prospective breakthrough directions. Moreover, it explores specific practical scenarios ranging from intricate surgeries to hazardous environment exploration, underscoring the technology's potential to revolutionize industries by augmenting human manipulation of remote systems. This underscores the pivotal role of force feedback bilateral teleoperation as a transformative human-machine interface, capable of shaping flexible control strategies and addressing technological bottlenecks. Future research endeavors in force feedback bilateral teleoperation are expected to prioritize the creation of more immersive experiences, overcoming technical hurdles, fortifying human-machine collaboration, and broadening application domains, particularly within the realms of medical intervention and hazardous environments. With the continuous progression of technology, the integration of human intelligence and robotic capabilities is expected to produce more innovations and breakthroughs in the field of automatic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1952, China carried out departmental adjustments among universities to strengthen its higher education. In 1953, a specialized program on Biochemistry was established within the Specialty of Human and Animal Physiology at Peking University, and a Biochemistry Teaching and Research Division was then set up. In 1956, the first biochemistry major was established in Peking University among all the comprehensive universities in China. The biochemistry teaching emphasized its foundation in both biology and chemistry, and tried to educate students with sound foundations, sufficient practices, and great inspiration. The research work focused on three key areas; protein structures and functions, neurobiology, and nucleic acid functions. Dr. Zhang Longxiang's protein research group was the first to chemically synthesize an octapeptide in China and to determine the changes in chemical structure and properties of trypsin after its autocleavage. They also determined the amino acid sequence of the lactate dehydrogenase M-chain of giant panda for the purpose of proposing a new classification system on these animals. Later, research on protein molecular design was conducted, on the basis of which the State Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering was established at Peking University. Xu Changfa and Ru Binggen constructed a new type of guided thrombolytic agent through protein engineering. Shen Tong and Wang Jingyan studied the metabolism of animal brains under low temperature and hypoxia conditions, and Dr. Wang Jingyan also studied neuropeptides. Drs. Shen Tong and Zhu Shenggeng developed various methods for isolating and purifying nucleic acids. Via the integration of genetic information through retrotransposons, Zhu Shenggeng isolated multiple specific antigens and antibodies by utilizing the phage display technique. Dr. Chen Tongdu investigated the changes in chemical structure and properties during protein denaturation, nutriology as well as the redox reactions in biology. Dr. Wang Zhimei assisted Dr. Chen Tongdu in continuing Dr. Hsien Wu's research on protein denaturation. The Biochemistry Teaching and Research Division also attached great importance in serving the society, including its great efforts in training teachers for other universities and organizing the China-United States Biochemistry Examination and application (CUSBEA) program, as well as publishing a biochemistry textbook widely used in China since 1980. During the reform and opening up period of China, a large number of young faculty members joined the biochemistry department of Peking University, and the role of research groups has been fully appreciated, resulting in a series of new achievements in biochemistry teaching and research. However, biochemistry is facing significant conceptual changes and needs new ideas and methodologies. Therefore, it remains important to organize the faculty members into teaching and research unit for more effective teaching and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Petroleum Geology & Experiment is the property of Petroleum Geology & Experiment Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Channels are an essential component of irrigation projects, and the development of channel anti-seepage engineering technology is of great significance for promoting the development of agricultural water conservation and agricultural production in China, as well as ensuring national water and food security. This paper summarizes the development process of channel anti-seepage engineering technology in China, which includes four stages : recovery and initiation, experimental exploration, steady development, and rapid improvement. It elaborates on the current status of channel anti-seepage engineering technology, identifies existing issues in its development, and proposes trends for the future development of this technology. It is believed that the future development of channel anti-seepage technology should be compatible with the construction of modern irrigation districts, coordinated with water ecology and environmental construction, and integrated with the development of new quality productive forces. Research and promotion should actively be conducted in areas such as new anti-seepage materials, prevention and control technologies for frost heaving damage, mechanized construction techniques, and ecological environmental impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Needle-free jet injectors refer to a kind of medical device that uses a specific device to form a small, high-speed jet of medication to pierce the human skin, thereby achieving the delivery of medication into the human body without the use of needles. In the past few decades, needle-free jet injectors have undergone many changes with the development of healthcare systems and advancements in related technologies. In this article, the history, research status, and clinical application of needle-free jet injectors are introduced. The principles of different driving modes for needle-free jet injectors are briefly summarized, and their respective advantages and the existing problems are summarized. Combining the current research status and market application, the technical problems faced by the development of needle-free jet injectors are analyzed. Under the background of intelligent and automatic development of medical equipment, the future development and opportunities for needle-free jet injectors are prospected.

With the development of regeneration technology, intentional replantation (IR) has gradually become the important treatment. Some affected teeth that are difficult to be cured by conventional methods, such as refractory periapical periodontitis, radicular groove and combined periodontal-endodontic lesions, can be preserved through IR. IR is effective in the treatment of teeth with severe periodontal destruction. This article reviews the historical development, clinical operation and influencing factors, and provides reference for exploring the treatment plan of IR for a single tooth with severe periodontal destruction and the preservation of patients’ natural dentition.

Remote sensing image change detection is an important research in the field of remote sensing, which aims to use remote sensing technology and image processing methods to identify the patterns and trends of surface cover changes. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the current development of this area and the technical methods used, a large amount of information and literatures are summarized and analyzed to provide a more comprehensive review of remote sensing image change detection methods. Firstly, the concept and processing flow of change detection are introduced. Then the classification system of change detection methods is summarized from six angles, followed by a review of their development history. Subsequently, the principles and characteristics of various types of change detection methods are outlined, their advantages and disadvantages are briefly analyzed, and the real-world application value of change detection on remotely sensed images is discussed from six aspects. Some problems and shortcomings in the area are briefly analyzed, and some possible ways to improve these problems are proposed, while the obstacles that may be encountered in the practical application of these methods are also predicted. Finally, the change detection methods are summarized, and the future development direction is prospected, in order to better understand the research status and development trend of remote sensing image change detection methods, and provide reference for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abiotic and biotic stress factors seriously affect plant growth and development. The process of plant response to abiotic stress involves the synergistic action of multiple resistance genes. The ASR (Abscisic acid stress-ripening) gene is a plant-specific transcription factor that plays a central role in regulating plant senescence, fruit ripening, and response to abiotic stress. ASR family members are highly conserved in plant evolution and contain ABA/WBS domains. ASR was first identified and characterized in tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.). Subsequently, the ASR gene has been reported in many plant species, extending from gymnosperms to monocots and dicots, but lacks orthologues in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). The promoter regions of ASR genes in most species contain light-responsive elements, phytohormone-responsive elements, and abiotic stress-responsive elements. In addition, ASR genes can respond to biotic stresses via regulating the expression of defense genes in various plants. This review comprehensively summarizes the evolutionary history, gene and protein structures, and functions of the ASR gene family members in plant responses to salt stress, low temperature stress, pathogen stress, drought stress, and metal ions, which will provide valuable references for breeding high-yielding and stress-resistant plant varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, nanobubbles have become a focal point of academic research. Unlike macroscopic bubbles, nanobubbles possess unique properties that have led to their widespread application in various fields such as medicine, aquaculture, and mineral flotation. Particularly, the ultra-high stability of nanobubbles, which can persist for hours or even months, has become a hot topic. However, a systematic summary of the development history of nanobubbles is still lacking. Addressing this gap, this paper outlines the development history of nanobubbles and discusses the research progress on their stability. The paper also highlights the applicability and limitations of existing theories and summarizes the impact of nanobubble stability on flotation processes. This study aims to expand the potential research value of nanobubbles and provide new directions for further studies on their stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of East China Geology / Huadong dizhi is the property of Editorial Department of East China Geology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Technological advances in transport of the 20th century include aeroplanes, human spaceflight and Moon landings, submarines, and magnetic levitation trains. In the fast-paced world of technology, the achievements of previous centuries are often forgotten. One of the examples of human ingenuity is the funicular railway. Its technology has hardly changed over the years. Using a simple pulley system, passengers and freight are still lifted steep slopes with minimal energy consumption. This demonstrates the lasting value of simple solutions and engineering intelligence. The article discusses the world’s funiculars and their design characteristics. A correlation analysis for the number of funiculars per country (N) and the country mountainousness index (M) has been carried out. 3 types of regression models have been developed and their determination and correlation coefficients have been calculated. The highest correlation coefficient values are for quadratic and linear mathematical models. The critical values of the correlation coefficients were calculated and compared with the correlation coefficients obtained from the study. For all 36 countries, the correlation coefficient for N and M variables is above the critical value only when a quadratic regression model is used. The correlation coefficients for all models are above the critical value for the 15 economically advanced and tourism-developing countries. The study shows that the number of cable cars in economically developed countries is more strongly correlated with the degree of mountainousness of the country in question.

Based on the analytical framework of geographical philosophy, this study investigated the production process at different stages, overall laws, ideological inspiration, and future issues of geographical knowledge production and practice in China. The main findings are as follows: First, philosophy is an important foundation supporting the production of geographical knowledge. The production of geographical knowledge should be seen as a process of content division and succession, in which new knowledge is gradually accumulated and there is movements towards wholeness. Second, in geographical knowledge production, geography reflects the actuality of knowledge through manifested features and reflects the reality of knowledge through unexpressed features. Geographical knowledge production exists dynamically in practice. Exploring the driving forces and processes of geographical knowledge production in practice can facilitate the comprehension of the existence and essence of geography. Only by coordinating stage differences in geography to achieve universal awareness can the effective function and ultimate pursuit of geographical philosophy be reflected. Third, in the future, China will inevitably enter a complex stage of development and practice, and "overlapping China" will require even more "overlapping geographical knowledge". Knowledge production and practice of geography require a comprehensive perspective that integrates wisdom from different temporal and spatial dimensions, establishment of clear philosophical ontology, epistemology, and methodology based on the changes and demands of the times, actively promoting the localization of geographical philosophy system construction to serve national strategic needs and high-quality socioeconomic development more effectively.

Pancreatic cancer is a common malignant tumor in the digestive tract, and the difficulty of early diagnosis and the lack of effective treatment means are the main reasons for the poor prognosis of pancreatic cancer. In recent years, multidisciplinary treatment (MDT) has become an important means to break through the bottleneck of diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic cancer and improve clinical prognosis. Besides providing patients with high-quality diagnosis and treatment services, this treatment model helps to improve the clinical diagnosis and treatment level of specialists and cultivate high-quality compound medical talents. It also highlights clinical research groups and high-quality case resource sharing, and promotes the clinical application of innovative drugs and new diagnostic and therapeutic technologies, which plays an essential role in increasing the core competence of hospitals. This paper reviews and summarizes the origin, status quo, and deficiencies of the MDT diagnosis and treatment model of pancreatic cancer in China, and examines the prospects for future development, with the aim to provide reference for domestic and foreign counterparts.

Copyright of Tropical Geography is the property of Tropical Geography Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Soft tile is a new type of building decoration material with light, thin and soft characteristics, which is made via mixing, molding, and drying processes by using emulsion as binder and adding inorganic powders, functional fillers, and other agents. In this paper, the soft tile industry is comprehensively reviewed from the background, development history, industrial status, production equipment, and construction technique. Moreover, the development trend is also prospected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological advances in transport of the 20th century include aeroplanes, human spaceflight and Moon landings, submarines, and magnetic levitation trains. In the fast-paced world of technology, the achievements of previous centuries are often forgotten. One of the examples of human ingenuity is the funicular railway. Its technology has hardly changed over the years. Using a simple pulley system, passengers and freight are still lifted steep slopes with minimal energy consumption. This demonstrates the lasting value of simple solutions and engineering intelligence. The article discusses the world's funiculars and their design characteristics. A correlation analysis for the number of funiculars per country (N) and the country mountainousness index (M) has been carried out. 3 types of regression models have been developed and their determination and correlation coefficients have been calculated. The highest correlation coefficient values are for quadratic and linear mathematical models. The critical values of the correlation coefficients were calculated and compared with the correlation coefficients obtained from the study. For all 36 countries, the correlation coefficient for N and M variables is above the critical value only when a quadratic regression model is used. The correlation coefficients for all models are above the critical value for the 15 economically advanced and tourism-developing countries. The study shows that the number of cable cars in economically developed countries is more strongly correlated with the degree of mountainousness of the country in question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Publishing Journal is the property of Wuhan University, School of Information Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Remote Sensing is the property of Editorial Office of Journal of Remote Sensing & Science Publishing Co. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the new era, the health needs of residents are constantly increasing, and how community health services adapt to the needs of the times and achieve comprehensive transformation urgently needs to be answered. Firstly, the article reviewed the development process of community health service (CHS) in China and found that it is functionally defective. Secondly, the article summarized the challenges faced by the optimization of CHS in China and pointed out that the current health needs of the population are undergoing structural changes. Finally, the article proposed the optimization paths of CHS in China in terms of changing the focus of work, improving the sense of value for contracted doctors and the sense of achievement for residents, building a collaborative and complementary CHS network, and establishing a demand-oriented health information platform.

Abstract In honor of its 50th anniversary, the World Futures Studies Federation (WFSF) held its XXV World Conference in Paris. The conference provided a venue for reviewing earlier developments and reevaluating prospective directions in the futures field. Scientific-based futures studies has a long history, drawing from a variety of fields including sociology, policy sciences, philosophy of science, economic prognostics, and environmental sustainability. Futures studies became widely acknowledged as an academic discipline in the 1960s when it became evident in the global scientific community. The 1970s saw a focus on global challenges and discussions about preferred futures. The synthesis of futures studies emerged in the 1980s and 1990s, with critical and evolutionary approaches contributing to the advancement of theoretical foundations. The twenty-first century focuses on anticipation and futures literacy, the development of post-normal, metamodern, and integral approaches, and the attainment of foresight in common practice. Future research is expected to focus on various aspects, including artificial general intelligence (AGI), socio-technical transitions, singularity, sustainability, societal collapses, entrepreneurial innovation, energy futures, decolonization, negation and post-prefix notions, systemic foresight, applied foresight, and on-site foresight. Future research activities are expected to also include research objects, policy challenges, and problems that do not yet exist.

Copyright of Automotive Digest is the property of Automotive Digest Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In honor of its 50th anniversary, the World Futures Studies Federation (WFSF) held its XXV World Conference in Paris. The conference provided a venue for reviewing earlier developments and reevaluating prospective directions in the futures field. Scientific-based futures studies has a long history, drawing from a variety of fields including sociology, policy sciences, philosophy of science, economic prognostics, and environmental sustainability. Futures studies became widely acknowledged as an academic discipline in the 1960s when it became evident in the global scientific community. The 1970s saw a focus on global challenges and discussions about preferred futures. The synthesis of futures studies emerged in the 1980s and 1990s, with critical and evolutionary approaches contributing to the advancement of theoretical foundations. The twenty-first century focuses on anticipation and futures literacy, the development of post-normal, metamodern, and integral approaches, and the attainment of foresight in common practice. Future research is expected to focus on various aspects, including artificial general intelligence (AGI), socio-technical transitions, singularity, sustainability, societal collapses, entrepreneurial innovation, energy futures, decolonization, negation and post-prefix notions, systemic foresight, applied foresight, and on-site foresight. Future research activities are expected to also include research objects, policy challenges, and problems that do not yet exist. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the resumption of customs between Hong Kong and the Mainland, exchanges between the two places have become increasingly close. With the stabilisation of connectivity between the two places and the recovery of the Mainland economy, the transaction volume of Hong Kong's real estate market has been rising. This paper compares and analyzes the real estate development in Hong Kong and the mainland, on the one hand, analyzes the real estate development history of the two places, in particular, focuses on the impact of key historical events and policies on Hong Kong's real estate, and on the other hand, compares the development status of real estate in the two places in recent years, so as to understand the characteristics and development trends of the real estate markets in the two places, and provides reference for policy formulation and investment decision-making in the context of the close connection between the real estate in the two places after the reopening of the border. At the same time, it looks forward to the development trend of real estate in Hong Kong and mainland China, predicts possible challenges and opportunities, and puts forward reasonable policy suggestions and coping strategies. The results of the study show that the development of real estate in the Mainland is more affected by the political environment and is different from that of Hong Kong in terms of economy, policy and society; the lack of land supply has become an inevitable trend in both places, and it is necessary to solve the problem in a multi-faceted manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

利用南方适宜地区的丘陵山地资源发展油茶产业是未来解决我国油脂行业自给率不足的一个重要途径。河源市是广东省特色油茶产业发展重点区域，有多年种植油茶的传统。在国家政策的激励下，河源市特色油茶产业虽得到一定发展，但也面临机遇和挑战。通过文献调研和实地考察综述了河源市油茶产业的发展历程和发展现状，并针对当地油茶产业存在的良种资源缺乏、缺乏对油茶品种的科学性认识、配套资金补贴不充足、品牌知名度低、产业化程度不高等问题，结合当地实际情况，提出了推进油茶良种繁育基地建设、增加油茶产业资金扶持力度、加强科技创新推广成果转化、加强推广宣传并打造全国知名品牌、有效整合资源优化加工生产布局等相应对策，促进油茶产业高质量发展。It is an important way to solve the shortage of self-sufficiency rate of oil industry by using the hilly resources to develop the Camellia oleifera industry in suitable areas in southern China.Heyuan City is a key area for the development of special Camellia oleifera industry in Guangdong province, which has a tradition of growing Camellia oleifera for many years. Encouraged by national policies, the Camellia oleifera industry in Heyuan has developed vigorously but it still faces with opportunities and challenges. Through literature research and field investigation, the development history and development status of Heyuan Camellia oleifera industry were investigated, where some problems were emerged, including lack of improved variety resources, lack of scientific understanding of Camellia oleifera variety, insufficient capital investment, low brand recognition, and low level of industrialization to Camellia oleifera, etc. In view of the aforementioned existing problems based on the local situation, the corresponding strategies for high-quality industrial development were proposed, such as promoting the construction of improved variety breeding base, increasing capital investment,strengthening the transformation of scientific and technological innovation, enhancing the publicity for making renowned national brand, effectively integrating resource and optimizing production layout.

Background Urban community health services are key to promoting the high-quality development of community health. However, previous studies have seldom explored the evolutionary logic and development trend of community health service policies. It is difficult to provide a comprehensive answer to the questions of the generation, evolution and trend of community health service policies in China. Objective To understand the current status, evolutionary logic and trend of community health service policies, in order to provide intellectual reference for promoting the high-quality development of community health services and implementing the hierarchical diagnosis and treatment system. Methods The Central People's Government website, National Health Commission, relevant official provincial websites, CNKI, China Community Health Association and other platforms were searched from December 2019 to March 2022 for community health service reform related policies published at national level (n=98) from January 1997 to March 2022. The included policies were analyzed with the help of the policy orientation analysis model. Results The policy changes in urban community health services of China have gone through four stages since 1997, including initial exploration centered on the transformation and frame construction (from 1997 to 2002), normative construction focusing on the bottom of the public health network (from 2003 to 2008), prosperous development focusing on the mechanism reform (from 2009 to 2016), and deepening reform centered on quality improvement and empowerment (from 2017 to 2022). The changes in community health service policies in China follows the following evolutionary logic, including the dynamic mechanism from marketization to professionalization and social community linkage governance, target orientation from scale expansion to internal quality improvement, policy discourse changing from predominantly economics-based discourse to multiple tools coordination. Conclusion Community health service policies should promote the innovation of the dual collaborative governance framework and mechanism, strengthen the coordination among professional systems and their effective synergistic linkage with the social community governance systems; promote community value-based health care and trust-based health care with health as the core, establish and improve evaluation standards for the capacity and quality of specialized primary care; promote the diversified application and matching of policy tools to adapt to the diversified needs of community health and wellness interests.

Marine science and technology is an important engine and driving force to support the construction of a strong marine country and a strong marine province. This paper focuses on the evolution of marine scientific and technological strategy, marine survey, to sort out the development history which has milestone significance and played a major role in promoting Guangdong's marine scientific and technological innovation and development since the founding of the People's Republic of China. This paper points out the existing problems in the innovation and development of marine science and technology in Guangdong Province from the perspectives of the management system and mechanism of marine science and technology innovation investment, the introduction of high-level talents in the marine field and the construction of innovation platform. On this basis, considering the needs of building a strong marine province in Guangdong, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions for the construction of the system and mechanism for the innovation and development of marine science and technology are put forward, creating a highland for marine science and technology talents and innovation platforms, and increasing the channels and efforts of marine scientific and technological innovation.

With the strong support of national and local policies, the construction of general practice education system and personnel training have been developed in Guangdong Province for nearly 30 years. Since 1996, general practice education in Guangdong Province has gone through four stages, including exploration and start, vigorous growth, development and perfection, comprehensive development. Colleges and universities in Guangdong Province, represented by Guangzhou Medical University, have explored and established a multi-level, multi-path, multi-form and multi-objective general practice education system of treatment-prevention integration, with interconnected academy education, job-transfer training, standardized training, postgraduate education and continuing education, and a standardized training model of general practitioners based on "5+3" has been basically established. The pass rate of the provincial training certificate examination of general practice training students has reached more than 85%. In 2020, there were 4 general practitioners per 10 000 residents, meeting the national requirement of 3 general practitioners per 10 000 residents in 2020. With the purpose to analyze the current situation of the development of general practice education in Guangdong Province, this paper comprehensively summarized the experience and lessons of discipline construction and education training of general practice, broadened the paths and modes of the quality of general practice personnel training, put forward relevant suggestions, to provide policy ideas and reference basis for the rapid development of general practice education in Guangdong Province and even in China in the future.

Cultural inheritance is the spiritual genealogy and life source to sustainable development for a journal. This paper took Science and Technology of Cereals, Oils and Foods (in brief “this journal”) as an example to review. The period of this journal has been divided into four stages, including the gestation period from 1991 to 1992, the early and long-term from1993 to 1996, the mature period from 1997 to 2018, and the new development period from 2019 to the present, in order to review its important performance, growth and progress in the changes of social times and the reform of Chinese scientific research system over more than 30 years. By sorting out the development history and the operating experience, the phased achievements and substantial progress in terms of operating characteristics were summarized. The historical contribution, hard work and harvest have also condensed. It could lay an important cornerstone for the journal to continue to carry forward the fine tradition and promote the construction of brand culture. This paper could also promote the journal development to a new level, and provide reference for peer journals to sort out their historical developments.

Unmanned aircraft find successful applications across various fields and continue to see increasing demand in numerous sectors. Modern flight control systems empower the creation and programming of unmanned vehicles for a diverse range of tasks.(Research purpose) This study aims to retrospectively analyze the evolution of drone control systems, tracing their development from the early unmanned aerial vehicles to the flight controllers of modern multifunctional drones. (Materials and methods) The study employs the historical-analytical method for data collection and processing. This encompasses a thorough examination of original works by both domestic and foreign authors, including literary references, scientific journal articles, monographs, conference materials, museum exhibitions, photographic archives, and open-access software source code. (Results and discussion) The historical process of unmanned aerial vehicle development has led to the emergence of many types of designs that provide better flight performance and new functions through the creation of flight control systems. Designers integrated worldwide aviation expertise and the latest advancements in science, engineering, and technology to enhance unmanned systems. The miniaturization of flight control systems has facilitated the widespread adoption and application of unmanned aerial vehicle in many domains. The introduction of intelligent flight control modes has ensured a high level of autonomy in drone operations. (Conclusions) In the course of the research into the historical development of control systems for unmanned aerial vehicles, block diagrams illustrating these control systems were created. Additionally, a block diagram was constructed outlining the evolution of these systems, with a periodization of individual stages. The block diagram includes nine stages; with the current emphasis primarily directed towards the advancement of intelligent control systems. The findings confirm that the extensive diversification of unmanned aerial vehicle applications and functionalities is closely linked to the continuous development and enhancement of micro-electromechanical systems technologies. The study identifies the key flight controllers that have significantly influenced the enhancement of unmanned aircraft and have outlined potential directions for the future development of flight controllers.

Microbial fertilizer is a new type of fertilizer product with active microorganisms as the main component, which can improve soil fertility, promote plant growth and development, and enhance plant resistance. This paper summarized the development history of microbial fertilizer domestically and internationally, introduced the effect of microbial fertilizer on soil physical, chemical, and biological properties, as well as plant growth and development, yield, quality and resistance. Additionally, the application prospects were prospected to provide references for the subsequent rational application of microbial fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with the progress of science and technology, new media continuously entered the field of education, promoting the development of educational technology. In the Current Educational Technology stage, the theories and practices of educational technology in the United States have significant influence. This article mainly takes China and the United States as examples to briefly describe the development process of modern Educational Technology domestically and internationally. The evolution of Educational Technology in the United States comprises two parallel threads: one is the development of media technology (materialized technology), and the other is the development of intelligent technology (non-materialized technology). The interaction and organic integration of two threads constitute the development history of Educational Technology. Modern Educational Technology in China started with electrified education. It emerged in response to the developmental needs of the country, drawing on foreign technology and experience to address urgent issues related to the public's diathesis at the time. From its inception, it embarked on a different development path from other countries, known as "big electrified education." The development process of modern Educational Technology in China can be divided into five stages in terms of time: newly established, lay a foundation, development, transformation, and in-depth development. This has resulted in the creation of a unique field of Educational Technology in the world, encompassing Educational Technology disciplines (including majors), undertakings, and industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wild bee communities persist in cities despite major disruption of nesting and food resources by urban development. Bee diversity and abundance is key for urban agriculture and maintenance of plant diversity, and assessing what aspects of cities enhance bee populations will promote our capacity to retain and provision bee habitat. Here, we assessed how variation in land cover and neighborhood development history affected bee communities in the midwestern US urban landscape of Madison, Wisconsin. We sampled bee communities across 38 stratified sites with relatively high (>55%) or low (<30%) levels of impervious surface, and assessed effects of land use and neighborhood development history on bee abundance and species richness. We show abundance and richness of soil nesting bees was lower in newer neighborhoods. Soil nesting bees and bee community richness decreased as cover of impervious surface increased, but above ground nesting bees were minimally impacted. Bee community similarity varied spatially and based on dissimilar local land cover, only for soil nesting bees, and the overall bee community. Impervious surface limited bee abundance and diversity, but new neighborhoods were associated with greater negative effects. We suggest that enhancing the structural diversity of new neighborhoods in urban ecosystems may imitate the structural benefits of older neighborhoods for bee populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics is the property of Chinese Journal of Applied Mechanics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods is the property of Science & Technology of Cereals, Oils & Foods Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In order to draw lessons from history, grasp the law and identify directions, from the perspective of economic and social development, statistical analysis, induction and deduction and other methods were used to systematically tease out the development course of coal mine safety in 120 years since the 20th century is systematically reviewed. The 120-year history is divided into 7 historical periods, 4 historical periods in old-China and 3 historical periods in new-China. This paper established the time shaft concerning coal mine safety development, and analyzed the safety status and characteristics of coal mine in each historical period. In the study, the overall law of coal mine accidents in China was proposed, and the main tasks of coal mine safety production in the new era was proposed on this basis. According to the research results, it showed that coal mine accidents in China are on the trend of “long-term growth before rapid decline” on the whole, and the economic and social development presents significant characteristics of the times. Serious accidents happened frequently when the economic market fluctuates. The optimization of coal production structure and the improvement of the coal mine in technology equipment level are the important factors for the improvement of safety in production.

Agrometeorological observation is an important cornerstone of agricultural modernization development. This study comprehensively sorted out the development process, business status and existing problems of agricultural meteorological observation in China, and discussed the development prospects of agrometeorological observation in the future, in order to provide a reference for escorting the sustainable development of modern agriculture and national food security. The development of China's agrometeorological observation operation has roughly experienced six stages: theoretical exploration, organization establishment, pilots construction, scale formation, optimization and adjustment, and stable and rapid development. At present, China has established a network of observation stations based on 653 agrometeorological observation stations (including 70 agrometeorological experimental stations) to carry out observation and research on crops, soil moisture, natural phenology, animal husbandry, fruit trees, trees, vegetables and agricultural microclimate. Based on the development of observation business, a national, provincial, municipal and county agrometeorological operational service system with scientific structure and advanced functions has been established. The national agrometeorological monitoring and evaluation, crop yield forecast, agrometeorological disaster monitoring and evaluation and impact forecast, agricultural weather forecast, meteorological grade forecast of occurrence and development of agricultural and forestry diseases and insect pests, agricultural soil moisture, drought relief, and ecological meteorological monitoring and prediction have been relatively mature and service results remarkable. In the past ten years, China's agricultural industry layout, planting structure and planting methods have undergone tremendous changes, and automatic observation technique such as automatic crop meteorological observation and automatic phenology observation have also developed rapidly. The agrometeorological observation operation also gradually shows a series of questions, such as the layout of the network of observation station and the observation tasks needs to be adjusted and optimized, the observation specifications need to be revised and supplemented, the modern technology and automatic observation equipment need to speed up the application and the operational service capacity needs to be improved and strengthened. From the perspective of the strategic deployment of the Party Central Committee of the CPC, the State Council and the China Meteorological Administration for the development of agrometeorological observation operation, the goal of high-quality development of agrometeorological observation, and the demand of modern agricultural development for agrometeorological operation, the future agrometeorological observation operation in China will gradually form a network of observation stations with reasonable layout, perfect specifications, advanced technical equipment, diversified and sophisticated service products, a modern agrometeorological observation and operational service system that can be in line with international standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The history, production experience and the current state of new generation high-strength cold-resistant steels in Russia are presented. The relevance of the development and mastering the production of high-strength sheet metal, which is strategically important for the Russian Federation, is considered, its main types are listed according to their intended end-use. The paper highlights the main leading Russian scientific schools, research institutes, scientific and technical organizations involved in the creation and study of the properties of this type of rolled products. Large Russian metallurgical enterprises producing cold-resistant high-strength sheet products are noted, foreign grades of cold-resistant high-strength steels and their leading world manufacturers are listed. Prospects and strategic directions for further development of research in the field of new compositions of high-strength cold-resistant steels are outlined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Tissue bank receives donated human tissues and organs and performs various corresponding processing, including storage and transportation for the purposes to repair and to reconstruct various clinical tissue defects. OBJECTIVE: To predict the development of tissue banks in China by sorting out the development history of medical tissue banks and introducing the development status of tissue banks. METHODS: The first author searched the literature data published up to October 2021 through databases such as CNKI, WanFang, VIP, and PubMed. The search terms were “tissue bank, tissue transplantation, tissue donation, allograft, bone allograft, skin allograft, vascular allograft, organ donation, Red Cross Society of China, regulation, standard” in Chinese and English. The final manuscript was complete based on information inquiry on the official website of the National Medical Drugs Administration of China, as well as access to a professional book, Allogeneic Tissue Transplantation and Tissue Bank, exchange interviews with tissue bank practitioners, and on-the-spot investigations. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Medical tissue banks in China started in the 1950s, and have gone through the development stages of small-scale hospital tissue bank, non-profit tissue bank, and large-scale enterprise tissue bank. In the 1990s, tissue banks with enterprise nature were established in succession, the development and application of allogeneic tissues as materials for tissue repair were gradually improved. Various materials including allogeneic bone, skin, tendon, nerve and other materials have obtained the third-class medical device registration certificate. After entering the 21st century, non-profit tissue banks have emerged. At this time, tissue banks are mainly composed of three types: hospital tissue banks, enterprise nature tissue banks and non-profit tissue banks. With the effective development of the work, the clinical use of tissue materials has also increased yearly, and allogeneic tissue repair materials have become indispensable biomaterials for tissue repair and reconstruction in clinical practice. In 2020, with the “Regulations on Human Organ Transplantation (Draft Amendment)” soliciting opinions from the public and the promulgation and implementation of the “Civil Code of the People’s Republic of China,” the development of tissue banks has ushered in opportunities and challenges. It is believed that under the continuous development of science and technology and humanities, medical tissue banks will have greater development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been more than 30 years since the first ordered mesoporous silica molecular sieve (MCM-41) was reported, but the enthusiasm for exploiting mesoporous silica is still growing due to its superior properties, such as its controllable morphology, excellent hosting capability, easy functionalization, and good biocompatibility. In this narrative review, the brief history of the discovery of mesoporous silica and several important mesoporous silica families are summarized. The development of mesoporous silica microspheres with nanoscale dimensions, hollow mesoporous silica microspheres, and dendritic mesoporous silica nanospheres is also described. Meanwhile, common synthesis methods for traditional mesoporous silica, mesoporous silica microspheres, and hollow mesoporous silica microspheres are discussed. Then, we introduce the biological applications of mesoporous silica in fields such as drug delivery, bioimaging, and biosensing. We hope this review will help people to understand the history of the development of mesoporous silica molecular sieves and become familiar with their synthesis methods and applications in biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the almost century-long history of the development of futures studies in a comprehensive review. Futures studies, rooted in sociology and policy sciences, had become an academic discipline by the 1960s. One of the major global communities representing the discipline, the World Futures Studies Federation (WFSF), celebrates its 50th anniversary in 2023. In the 1970s, the focus was placed on discourses on global problems and preferred futures. Futures studies then developed a global institutional community and become a mature discipline by the 1980s and 1990s. Futurists by then had already mutually shared theoretical perspectives, objectives, ethics, and methods, and had produced empirical results. A wide range of comprehensive publications at that time synthesized the foundations and preceding results of futures studies. From the turn of the millennium, active discourse took place on the forthcoming role of futures studies. By that time, the theoretical, methodological, and practical knowledge foundations of the discipline had also appeared in internationally well-documented curricula. Since around 2010, the discipline has been characterized by the development of practical foresight projects. Based on notable trends and identified research gaps, this article formulates up-to-date expectations and research directions within which futures studies might develop in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A germ-free animal is an experimental animal with no live microorganisms and parasites in its body. It is a powerful experimental tool for the study of the relationship between microbiota and host health. We reviewed the development history of germ-free animals and provide an overview of their application in medical research, such as intestinal microbiota, immunology and oncology. We provide references for research on microbe-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]