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Plant growth and development are characterized by systematic and continuous processes, each involving intricate metabolic coordination mechanisms. Mathematical models are essential tools for investigating plant growth and development, metabolic regulation networks, and growth patterns across different stages. These models offer insights into secondary metabolism patterns in plants and the roles of metabolites. The proliferation of data related to plant genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in the last decade has underscored the growing importance of mathematical modeling in this field. This review aims to elucidate the principles and types of metabolic models employed in studying plant secondary metabolism, their strengths, and limitations. Furthermore, the application of mathematical models in various plant systems biology subfields will be discussed. Lastly, the review will outline how mathematical models can be harnessed to address research questions in this context.

With an increased inlet gas temperature and the homogenization of the combustion chamber outlet temperature, the endwalls of gas turbines are exposed to extremely high heat loads. The complex flow structure of turbine endwalls makes it difficult to cool some regions of the endwalls, which can easily cause endwall ablation, reducing turbine aerodynamic performance and threatening the turbine's safe operation. In order to improve the cooling and aerodynamic performance of gas turbines, the flow structure, heat transfer and film cooling characteristics of endwalls are analyzed in depth in this paper. This paper summarizes and analyzes the development of the aerodynamic heat transfer and film cooling of gas turbine endwalls in terms of geometric structures and flow boundary conditions and also presents new research directions. Based on the literature, the development and challenge of turbine endwall film cooling are also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant growth and development are characterized by systematic and continuous processes, each involving intricate metabolic coordination mechanisms. Mathematical models are essential tools for investigating plant growth and development, metabolic regulation networks, and growth patterns across different stages. These models offer insights into secondary metabolism patterns in plants and the roles of metabolites. The proliferation of data related to plant genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics in the last decade has underscored the growing importance of mathematical modeling in this field. This review aims to elucidate the principles and types of metabolic models employed in studying plant secondary metabolism, their strengths, and limitations. Furthermore, the application of mathematical models in various plant systems biology subfields will be discussed. Lastly, the review will outline how mathematical models can be harnessed to address research questions in this context., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Gao and Zhao.)

Poor crack resistance, high brittleness, and poor toughness are inherent limitations of traditional cement-based materials. Besides, cement-based materials have certain shortcomings in energy consumption and environmental protection. Therefore, improving the performance of cement-based materials becomes a hot topic in related research. At the same time, the development of nanomaterials and technologies provides researchers with a new research idea: to enhance the performance of cement-based materials at the nanoscale level. Graphene oxide (GO) is one of the most representative nano-reinforcements. Due to its high surface area and excellent physical properties, GO has a surprising effect on improving the performance of cement-based materials. In addition, nanosilica (NS) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have excellent improvement on cement-based materials, and people also hope to further improve the performance of cement-based materials through the interaction of various nanomaterials. In this paper, the influence of GO on cement-based materials is reviewed by consulting a lot of correlative literature, mainly focusing on the following aspects: (i) The dispersion of GO in cement paste. (ii) The influence of GO on the properties of cement-based materials, including working performance, mechanical strength, microstructural characteristics, and durability. (iii) The effect of nanohybrid materials of GO, NS, and CNTs on cement-based materials, and the synergistic effects of various nanomaterials are reviewed for the first time. (iv) Evaluation of current progress. This paper aims to provide guidance for the study and application of GO-modified cement-based materials and nanohybrid materials.

With an increased inlet gas temperature and the homogenization of the combustion chamber outlet temperature, the endwalls of gas turbines are exposed to extremely high heat loads. The complex flow structure of turbine endwalls makes it difficult to cool some regions of the endwalls, which can easily cause endwall ablation, reducing turbine aerodynamic performance and threatening the turbine’s safe operation. In order to improve the cooling and aerodynamic performance of gas turbines, the flow structure, heat transfer and film cooling characteristics of endwalls are analyzed in depth in this paper. This paper summarizes and analyzes the development of the aerodynamic heat transfer and film cooling of gas turbine endwalls in terms of geometric structures and flow boundary conditions and also presents new research directions. Based on the literature, the development and challenge of turbine endwall film cooling are also discussed.

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Optoelectronic technology is a new technology formed by the combination of photon technology and electronic technology. Photon technology can cause an industrial revolution that supersedes electronic technology, because it will have a deeper impact on industry and society. We review the development of optoelectronic devices and integration technologies. We compare and analyze the development and characteristics of optoelectronic technology platforms, summarize the key manufacturing technologies, introduce several representative optoelectronic devices including flexible devices, and focus on the key breakthrough technologies that need to be achieved. Through a comprehensive review of the development of optoelectronic technology, China should seize the opportunity for a transformation of the optoelectronic technology industry. By drawing on the experiences with advanced optoelectronic platforms and technologies in foreign countries, we should speed up the accumulation and reserves of Chinese industrial talents, pay attention to the accumulation of basic technology, and establish a national optoelectronic technology platform, to greatly enhance domestic levels in these regards and to achieve independent innovations with these devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]