135 results on '"development and aging"'
Search Results
2. Scattering of Sculpted Light in Intact Brain Tissue, with implications for Optogenetics.
- Author
-
Favre-Bulle, Itia A, Preece, Daryl, Nieminen, Timo A, Heap, Lucy A, Scott, Ethan K, and Rubinsztein-Dunlop, Halina
- Subjects
Brain ,Cell Nucleus ,Animals ,Zebrafish ,Monte Carlo Method ,Larva ,Light ,Scattering ,Radiation ,Optogenetics ,Scattering ,Radiation ,animal ,brain ,cell nucleus ,chemistry ,growth ,development and aging ,larva ,light ,Monte Carlo method ,optogenetics ,physiology ,radiation response ,radiation scattering ,zebra fish ,growth ,development and aging - Abstract
Optogenetics uses light to control and observe the activity of neurons, often using a focused laser beam. As brain tissue is a scattering medium, beams are distorted and spread with propagation through neural tissue, and the beam's degradation has important implications in optogenetic experiments. To address this, we present an analysis of scattering and loss of intensity of focused laser beams at different depths within the brains of zebrafish larvae. Our experimental set-up uses a 488 nm laser and a spatial light modulator to focus a diffraction-limited spot of light within the brain. We use a combination of experimental measurements of back-scattered light in live larvae and computational modelling of the scattering to determine the spatial distribution of light. Modelling is performed using the Monte Carlo method, supported by generalised Lorenz-Mie theory in the single-scattering approximation. Scattering in areas rich in cell bodies is compared to that of regions of neuropil to identify the distinct and dramatic contributions that cell nuclei make to scattering. We demonstrate the feasibility of illuminating individual neurons, even in nucleus-rich areas, at depths beyond 100 μm using a spatial light modulator in combination with a standard laser and microscope optics.
- Published
- 2015
3. Developing a Group Program for Older Males to Participate in Social Activities in Japan: A Mixed-Methods Study.
- Author
-
Kenta Nomura and Norikazu Kobayashi
- Subjects
SOCIAL participation ,SOCIAL advocacy ,QUALITATIVE research ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,MEDICAL care - Abstract
This study analyzes the effect of social participation in a program that encourages participation in social activities as an approach to counteract the social isolation of elderly males in Japan. The design of this study was an open-label, before-and-after trial for a single group using the convergent design of the mixed-methods study. This program led to significant improvement in independent living and interest in society, but it did not help increase satisfaction with social activities. Additionally, a qualitative data identify that this program encouraged subjects to proactivity participate in social activities. While it has been identified that this program may have had a considerable effect by integrating quantitative and qualitative data, it is necessary to improve the program to further promote change in the subjects' social behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Lessons Learned from the Medical University of South Carolina Transdisciplinary Collaborative Center (TCC) in Precision Medicine and Minority Men's Health.
- Author
-
Halbert, Chanita Hughes, Allen, Caitlin G., Jefferson, Melanie, Magwood, Gayenell S., Melvin, Cathy, Babatunde, Oluwole Adeyami, Baquet, Claudia, Delmoor, Ernestine, Johnson, Jerry, Mathews, Diane, Leach, Robin J., and Ricks-Santi, Luisel
- Abstract
The Transdisciplinary Collaborative Center (TCC) in Precision Medicine for Minority Men's Health was established at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) in 2015 to address disparities in the translation of precision medicine approaches among racial minority groups. This regional consortium focuses on three primary areas: (1) the development of a consortium of regional and national partners, (2) conducting transdisciplinary research examining synergistic effects of biological, social, physiological, and clinical determinants of chronic disease risks and outcomes, and (3) dissemination and implementation of precision medicine approaches, with an emphasis on reducing disparities in health care and outcomes among minority men. Given consistent calls to better translate precision medicine approaches and the focus of this consortium on addressing disparities among minority men, we provide an overview of our experience in developing the MUSC TCC, including barriers and facilitators to conducting translational research on minority men's health issues in the context of precision medicine. Lessons learned and areas for improvement include providing enough time to create consistent partnerships and community engagement to improve recruitment and retention, identifying unique ways to engage diverse partners from across the region and nation, and better approaches to dissemination and communication for large partnerships focusing on precision medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. The Transcriptome and Methylome of the Developing and Aging Brain and Their Relations to Gliomas and Psychological Disorders
- Author
-
Henry Loeffler-Wirth, Lydia Hopp, Maria Schmidt, Roksana Zakharyan, Arsen Arakelyan, and Hans Binder
- Subjects
human brain ,development and aging ,gene expression ,DNA methylation ,chromatin remodeling ,epigenetics ,Cytology ,QH573-671 - Abstract
Mutually linked expression and methylation dynamics in the brain govern genome regulation over the whole lifetime with an impact on cognition, psychological disorders, and cancer. We performed a joint study of gene expression and DNA methylation of brain tissue originating from the human prefrontal cortex of individuals across the lifespan to describe changes in cellular programs and their regulation by epigenetic mechanisms. The analysis considers previous knowledge in terms of functional gene signatures and chromatin states derived from independent studies, aging profiles of a battery of chromatin modifying enzymes, and data of gliomas and neuropsychological disorders for a holistic view on the development and aging of the brain. Expression and methylation changes from babies to elderly adults decompose into different modes associated with the serial activation of (brain) developmental, learning, metabolic and inflammatory functions, where methylation in gene promoters mostly represses transcription. Expression of genes encoding methylome modifying enzymes is very diverse reflecting complex regulations during lifetime which also associates with the marked remodeling of chromatin between permissive and restrictive states. Data of brain cancer and psychotic disorders reveal footprints of pathophysiologies related to brain development and aging. Comparison of aging brains with gliomas supports the view that glioblastoma-like and astrocytoma-like tumors exhibit higher cellular plasticity activated in the developing healthy brain while oligodendrogliomas have a more stable differentiation hierarchy more resembling the aged brain. The balance and specific shifts between volatile and stable and between more irreversible and more plastic epigenomic networks govern the development and aging of healthy and diseased brain.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. “Is Life Worth Living?” The Role of Masculinity in the Way Men Aged Over 80 Talk About Living, Dying, and Suicide.
- Author
-
King, Kylie, Dow, Briony, Keogh, Louise, Feldman, Peter, Milner, Allison, Pierce, David, Chenhall, Richard, and Schlichthorst, Marisa
- Abstract
Men aged 85 years and over have the highest rate of suicide of any age or gender group in Australia. However, little is known about their trajectory toward suicide. The objective of this study was to understand the role of masculine norms and other life factors in the suicidality of older men. Thirty-three men aged 80 years or more took part in a semistructured focus group or interview, and/or completed a survey. Participants were asked about the issues facing older men, well-being and aging, physical health challenges, social support, mental health and help-seeking, and suicide and suicide prevention. Five themes emerged: “finding out we’re not invincible,” “active and tough,” “strong silent types,” “decision makers,” and “right to die.” Participants spoke about masculine norms that had influenced their lives as providers and decision makers, and now influenced how they coped with aging and their journey toward death. For some participants, suicide was seen to be a rational alternative to dependence in their final years. Suicide prevention should adopt a gendered approach and be cognizant of the influence of gender roles and masculinity in older men’s lives. Further research and prevention efforts should be mindful of the impact of masculine norms of self-reliance and control on an older man’s decision to end his life. Suicide prevention efforts should work to reduce stigma around the challenges of aging, maximize opportunities for control, facilitate social connection, and improve residential aged care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Global Trends and Prostate Cancer: A Review of Incidence, Detection, and Mortality as Influenced by Race, Ethnicity, and Geographic Location.
- Author
-
Taitt, Harold Evelyn
- Abstract
Although research has reported that prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality rates are among the highest for African Americans, the data is inconclusive regarding PCa rates in native African men, Black men residing in other countries, and men in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Data reveals that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and disease incidence have risen significantly in developing and Asian countries, and PCa has become one of the leading male cancers in many of those nations.The objective of this study was to review published peer-reviewed studies that address PCa in different regions of the world to get a better understanding of how PCa incidence, prevalence, detection, and mortality are influenced by race, ethnicity, and geography. A secondary goal was to compare PCa data from various world regions to contextualize how disproportionate the incidence and mortality rates are among men from the African diaspora versus men of European, Hispanic, and Asian descent, as well as to highlight the need for more robust screening and treatment guidelines in developing countries.There are differences in incidence and mortality rates between men of African, Asian, Hispanic, and European ancestry, confirming the involvement of genetic factors. However, differences between men of the same race and ethnicity who live in different countries suggest that environmental factors may also be implicated. Availability and access to diagnostic and health-care services as well as recommendations regarding PCa testing vary from country to country and contribute to the variability in incidence and mortality rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Engaging Older Men in Physical Activity: Implications for Health Promotion Practice.
- Author
-
Thandi, Manpreet Kaur Gill, Phinney, Alison, Oliffe, John L., Wong, Sabrina, McKay, Heather, Sims-Gould, Joanie, and Sahota, Simran
- Abstract
According to Health Canada (2016), only about 11% of older men meet recommended guidelines for physical activity, and participation decreases as men age. This places men at considerable risk of poor health, including an array of chronic diseases. A demographic shift toward a greater population of less healthy older men would substantially challenge an already beleaguered health-care system. One strategy to alter this trajectory might be gender-sensitized community-based physical activity. Therefore, a qualitative study was conducted to enhance understanding of community-dwelling older men’s day-to-day experiences with physical activity. Four men over age 65 participated in a semistructured interview, three walk-along interviews, and a photovoice project. An interpretive descriptive approach to data analysis was used to identify three key themes related to men’s experiences with physical activity: (a) “The things I’ve always done,” (b) “Out and About,” and (c) “You do need the group atmosphere at times.” This research extends the knowledge base around intersections among older men, physical activity, and masculinities. The findings provide a glimpse of the diversity of older men and the need for physical activity programs that are unique to individual preferences and capacities. The findings are not generalized to all men but the learnings from this research may be of value to those who design programs for older men in similar contexts. Future studies might address implementation with a larger sample of older men who reside in a broad range of geographic locations and of different ethnicities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. “Centering the Margins”: Moving Equity to the Center of Men’s Health Research.
- Author
-
Griffith, Derek M.
- Abstract
How might the science of men’s health progress if research on marginalized or subordinated men is moved from the margins of the literature to the center? This commentary seeks to answer this question, suggesting that if more attention is paid to men of color and other marginalized men, the field will be greatly enriched in its ability to understand determinants of men’s health. Reimagining men’s health by moving men’s health disparities to a primary focus of the field may yield critical new insights that would be essential to moving men’s health to the center of health equity research. Focusing on the dual goals of improving the health of marginalized men and examining the determinants of disparities among men and between men and women will yield insights into mechanisms, pathways, and strategies to improve men’s health and address health disparities. Current definitions of health disparities limit the nation’s ability to dedicate resources to populations that need attention—men of color and other marginalized men—that do not fit these definitions. Moving marginalized men to the center of research in men’s health will foster new ways of understanding determinants of men’s health that cannot be identified without focusing on populations of men whose health is as influenced by race, ethnicity, and other structures of marginalization as it is by gender and masculinities. Using Black men as a case example, the article illustrates how studying marginalized men can refine the study of men’s health and health equity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Intuisi
- Subjects
psychology ,cognition and neurosciences ,development and aging ,personality and social psychology ,health and disability ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Published
- 2017
11. 日本人男性高齢者の社会活動への参加を促す集団プログラムの開発 : 混合研究法
- Author
-
Nomura, Kenta and Kobayashi, Norikazu
- Subjects
health-care issues ,men’s health interventions ,healthy aging ,male development ,development and aging ,community outreach ,men’s health programs ,UT51 - Published
- 2021
12. Longitudinal pathways of engagement, social interaction skills, hyperactivity and conduct problems in preschool children
- Author
-
Marie Proczkowska, Lena Almqvist, Berit M. Gustafsson, Per A. Gustafsson, and Mats Granlund
- Subjects
Conduct Disorder ,Male ,Development and Aging ,conduct problems ,Social Interaction ,Psychological intervention ,Child Behavior ,050109 social psychology ,Affect (psychology) ,Pediatrics ,050105 experimental psychology ,Developmental psychology ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Social skills ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Cluster Analysis ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Longitudinal Studies ,General Psychology ,Dual focus ,Sweden ,Preschool children ,05 social sciences ,Pediatrik ,General Medicine ,Social Participation ,Mental health ,Social relation ,hyperactivity ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Homogeneous ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,School Teachers ,risk indicators ,engagement ,Psychology ,Mixed pattern - Abstract
Preschool childrens engagement/social interaction skills can be seen as aspects of positive functioning, and also act as protective aspects of functioning. On the other hand, hyperactivity/conduct problems are risk aspects that negatively affect childrens everyday functioning. Few studies have investigated such orchestrated effects on mental health in young children over time. The aims of the study are first, to identify homogeneous groups of children having similar pathways in mental health between three time points. Second, to examine how children move between time points in relation to risk and protective factors. Alongitudinal study over 3 years, including 197 Swedish preschool children was used. Questionnaire data collected from preschool teachers. Statistical analysis using person-oriented methods with repeated cluster analyses. Children high in engagement/social skills and low in conduct problems continue to function well. Children with low engagement/social skills exhibiting both hyperactivity and conduct problems continue to have problems. Children with mixed patterns of protective factors and risk factors showed mixed outcomes. The stability of childrens pathways was quite high if they exhibited many positive protective factors but also if they exhibited many risk factors. Children exhibiting a mixed pattern of protective and risk factors moved between clusters in a less predictable way. That stability in mental health was related to the simultaneous occurrence of either many protective factors or many risk factors supports the notion of orchestrated effects. The results indicate that early interventions need to have a dual focus, including both interventions aimed at enhancing child engagement and interventions focused on decreasing behavior problems. Funding Agencies|National Board of Health and Welfare; FORSS Medical Research Council of Southwest Sweden [FORSS-653271, FORSS-930636]; Futurum Academy for Health and Care Region Jonkoping County; FORTE; Sunnerdahls Handikappfond
- Published
- 2020
13. Five‐year outcomes of ADHD diagnosed in adulthood
- Author
-
Timea Sparding, Stefan Hansen, Orestis Floros, Elin Nylander, Mikael Landén, and Eleonore Rydén
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Pediatrics ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Psychometrics ,Development and Aging ,Global Assessment of Functioning ,050109 social psychology ,Severity of Illness Index ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,050105 experimental psychology ,Functioning level ,Young Adult ,follow‐up studies ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,mental disorders ,Health care ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,medicine ,Humans ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Longitudinal Studies ,Adhd symptoms ,attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder ,General Psychology ,Intelligence quotient ,business.industry ,05 social sciences ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,treatment outcome ,Clinical Global Impression ,Female ,prognosis ,Self Report ,Psychology ,business - Abstract
There is a dearth of long-term follow-up studies of adults diagnosed with ADHD. Here, the aim was to evaluate long-term outcomes in a group of ADHD patients diagnosed in adulthood and receiving routine psychiatric health care. Adults diagnosed with any type of ADHD (n = 52) and healthy controls (n = 73) were assessed at baseline and at a 5-year follow-up, using Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), Clinical Global Impression (CGI), Brown ADD Scale (BADDS) and Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS). A multivariate regression method was used to identify factors predicting 5-year outcomes, including baseline ratings, medication intensity, comorbidity, intelligence quotient (IQ), age, and sex. After 5 years, ADHD patients reported fewer and/or less severe symptoms compared to baseline, but remained at clinically significant symptom levels and with functional deficits. Baseline self-reports of ADHD symptoms predicted their own 5-year outcome and low baseline functioning level predicted improved global functioning at follow-up. Factors previously reported to predict short-term outcomes (i.e., medication, comorbidity, IQ, age, and sex) did not anticipate long-term outcomes in present study.
- Published
- 2020
14. Effects of N 6 -methyladenosine modification on the function of the female reproductive system.
- Author
-
He S, Zhao J, and Song XF
- Subjects
- Female, Humans, China, Genitalia, Female, Adenosine, Eukaryota
- Abstract
In recent years, the rate of female infertility in China has been increasing, posing an urgent challenge to improve fertility. A healthy reproductive system is essential for successful reproduction, and N
6 -methyladenosine (m6 A) is the most abundant chemical modification in eukaryotes and plays a critical role in cellular processes. Recent studies have shown that m6 A modifications also have a keying effect in various physiological and pathological processes in the female reproductive system, although their regulatory mechanisms and biological functions remain unclear. In this review, we first introduce the reversible regulatory mechanisms of m6 A and its functions, discuss the role of m6 A in female reproductive function and disorders of the reproductive system, and present recent advances in m6 A detection technologies and methods. Our review provides new insights into the biological role of m6 A and its potential application in the treatment of female reproductive disorders.- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Swedish norms for the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire for children 3–5 years rated by parents and preschool teachers
- Author
-
Raziye Salari, Anna Sarkadi, Elisabet Fält, Ata Ghaderi, and Anton Dahlberg
- Subjects
Male ,Parents ,psychometrics ,Percentile ,preschool children ,Psychometrics ,Development and Aging ,education ,Psychological intervention ,Child Behavior ,Validity ,050109 social psychology ,Pediatrics ,050105 experimental psychology ,Developmental psychology ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Social Norms ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,General Psychology ,strengths and difficulties questionnaire ,Problem Behavior ,Sweden ,05 social sciences ,Reproducibility of Results ,Pediatrik ,General Medicine ,Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire ,Mental health ,Country of origin ,Child, Preschool ,Female ,Strengths and difficulties questionnaire ,School Teachers ,Psychology ,mental health ,norms - Abstract
The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) is a widespread tool for assessing behavior problems in children and adolescents. Despite being investigated thoroughly concerning both validity and reliability, peer reviewed studies that provide norms, especially for preschool children, are lacking. This paper provides Swedish norms using data from a large community sample of children aged 3-5, based on mothers', fathers', and preschool teacher's ratings. Preschool teachers' ratings were generally lower than parents' ratings, which contradicts some previous studies. Differences between girls and boys were found, suggesting that boys display higher levels of behavior problems. Lower parental education and country of origin outside of Sweden were also associated with more difficulties. Cut-offs are presented for each age group, gender and rater category. Population-specific norms and percentile cut-offs provided in this study facilitate identifying children in need of interventions in paediatric care and enable cross-country comparisons of children's mental health problems.
- Published
- 2019
16. Development and aging of superficial white matter myelin from young adulthood to old age: Mapping by vertex-based surface statistics (VBSS).
- Author
-
Wu, Minjie, Kumar, Anand, and Yang, Shaolin
- Abstract
Superficial white matter (SWM) lies immediately beneath cortical gray matter and consists primarily of short association fibers. The characteristics of SWM and its development and aging were seldom examined in the literature and warrant further investigation. Magnetization transfer imaging is sensitive to myelin changes in the white matter. Using an innovative multimodal imaging analysis approach, vertex-based surface statistics (VBSS), the current study vertexwise mapped age-related changes of magnetization transfer ratio (MTR) in SWM from young adulthood to old age (30-85 years, N = 66). Results demonstrated regionally selective and temporally heterochronologic changes of SWM MTR with age, including (1) inverted U-shaped trajectories of SWM MTR in the rostral middle frontal, medial temporal, and temporoparietal regions, suggesting continuing myelination and protracted maturation till age 40-50 years and accelerating demyelination at age 60 and beyond, (2) linear decline of SWM MTR in the middle and superior temporal, and pericalcarine areas, indicating early maturation and less acceleration in age-related degeneration, and (3) no significant changes of SWM MTR in the primary motor, somatosensory and auditory regions, suggesting resistance to age-related deterioration. We did not observe similar patterns of changes in cortical thickness in our sample, suggesting the observed SWM MTR changes are not due to cortical atrophy. Hum Brain Mapp 37:1759-1769, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. An Overview of Testosterone Therapy.
- Author
-
Lee, O. Danny and Tillman, Ken
- Abstract
Millions of men, as a result of the natural aging process, injury, illness, and medical therapies, experience a decline in testosterone levels that necessitate a need for testosterone supplementation therapy (TST). The signs and symptoms of testosterone decline may occur gradually, and low testosterone levels may be misdiagnosed as other medical conditions. Over the past two decades, there has been an increase in testing of testosterone levels and the use of TST. With so many men now on TST, it is essential for health care professionals to know the signs and symptoms, the causes of testosterone decline, how testosterone deficiency is diagnosed, what pathological changes are associated with testosterone decline, and the benefits and risks of TST. In addition, health care providers need to be aware of the various forms of testosterone available as well as the advantages and disadvantages of each. This article provides a brief overview of testosterone deficiency, TST treatment options and guidelines, and the risks and benefits associated with of TST. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Variability in Depressive Symptoms of Cognitive Deficit and Cognitive Bias During the First 2 Years After Diagnosis in Australian Men With Prostate Cancer.
- Author
-
Sharpley, Christopher F., Bitsika, Vicki, and Christie, David R. H.
- Abstract
The incidence and contribution to total depression of the depressive symptoms of cognitive deficit and cognitive bias in prostate cancer (PCa) patients were compared from cohorts sampled during the first 2 years after diagnosis. Survey data were collected from 394 patients with PCa, including background information, treatments, and disease status, plus total scores of depression and scores for subscales of the depressive symptoms of cognitive bias and cognitive deficit via the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale. The sample was divided into eight 3-monthly time-since-diagnosis cohorts and according to depression severity. Mean scores for the depressive symptoms of cognitive deficit were significantly higher than those for cognitive bias for the whole sample, but the contribution of cognitive bias to total depression was stronger than that for cognitive deficit. When divided according to overall depression severity, patients with clinically significant depression showed reversed patterns of association between the two subsets of cognitive symptoms of depression and total depression compared with those patients who reported less severe depression. Differences in the incidence and contribution of these two different aspects of the cognitive symptoms of depression for patients with more severe depression argue for consideration of them when assessing and diagnosing depression in patients with PCa. Treatment requirements are also different between the two types of cognitive symptoms of depression, and several suggestions for matching treatment to illness via a personalized medicine approach are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in skeletal muscle health and aging
- Author
-
Leduc-Gaudet, J. P., Hussain, S. N. A., Barreiro, E., Gouspillou, G., Leduc-Gaudet, J. P., Hussain, S. N. A., Barreiro, E., and Gouspillou, G.
- Abstract
The maintenance of mitochondrial integrity is critical for muscle health. Mitochondria, indeed, play vital roles in a wide range of cellular processes, including energy supply, Ca2+ homeostasis, retrograde signaling, cell death, and many others. All mitochondria-containing cells, including skeletal muscle cells, dispose of several pathways to maintain mitochondrial health, including mitochondrial biogenesis, mitochondrial-derived vesicles, mitochondrial dynamics (fusion and fission process shaping mitochondrial morphology), and mitophagy—the process in charge of the removal of mitochondria though autophagy. The loss of skeletal muscle mass (atrophy) is a major health problem worldwide, especially in older people. Currently, there is no treatment to counteract the progressive decline in skeletal muscle mass and strength that occurs with aging, a process termed sarcopenia. There is increasing data, including our own, suggesting that accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria contributes to the development of sarcopenia. Impairments in mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy were recently proposed to contribute to sarcopenia. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge on the role played by mitochondrial dynamics and mitophagy in skeletal muscle health and in the development of sarcopenia. We also highlight recent studies showing that enhancing mitophagy in skeletal muscle is a promising therapeutic target to prevent or even treat skeletal muscle dysfunction in the elderly.
- Published
- 2021
20. Effect of medium components and culture conditions in Bacillus subtilis EA-CB0575 spore production
- Author
-
Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias, Ciencias Biológicas y Bioprocesos (CIBIOP), Posada-Uribe, Luisa F., Romero-Tabarez, Magally, Villegas-Escobar, Valeska, Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias, Ciencias Biológicas y Bioprocesos (CIBIOP), Posada-Uribe, Luisa F., Romero-Tabarez, Magally, and Villegas-Escobar, Valeska
- Abstract
Bacillus subtilis spores have important biotechnological applications; however, achieving both, high spore cell densities and sporulation efficiencies in fermentation, is poorly reported. In this study, medium components and culture conditions were optimized with different statistical methods to increase spore production of the plant growth promoting rhizobacteria B. subtilis EA-CB0575. Key medium components were determined with Plackett-Burman (PB) design, and the optimum concentration levels of two components (glucose, MgSO4·7H2O) were optimized with a full factorial and central composite design, achieving 1.37 × 10(9) CFU/mL of spore cell density and 93.5 % of sporulation efficiency in shake flask. The optimized medium was used to determine the effect of culture conditions on spore production at bioreactor level, finding that maintaining pH control did not affect significantly spore production, while the interaction of agitation and aeration rates had a significant effect on spore cell density. The overall optimization generated a 17.2-fold increase in spore cell density (8.78 × 10(9) CFU/mL) and 1.9-fold increase in sporulation efficiency (94.2 %) compared to that of PB design. These results indicate the potential of B. subtilis EA-CB0575 to produce both, high spore cell densities and sporulation efficiencies, with very low nutrient requirements and short incubation period which can represent savings of process production.
- Published
- 2021
21. Enhanced molecular visualization of root colonization and growth promotion by Bacillus subtilis EA-CB0575 in different growth systems
- Author
-
Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias, Ciencias Biológicas y Bioprocesos (CIBIOP), Posada, L.F., Álvarez, J.C., Romero-Tabarez, M., de-Bashan, L., Villegas-Escobar, V., Universidad EAFIT. Departamento de Ciencias, Ciencias Biológicas y Bioprocesos (CIBIOP), Posada, L.F., Álvarez, J.C., Romero-Tabarez, M., de-Bashan, L., and Villegas-Escobar, V.
- Abstract
Bacillus subtilis EA-CB0575 is a plant growth-promoting bacterium (PGPB) associated with banana and tomato crops. Root colonization is an important trait for PGPB microorganisms and potentiates the bacterial effect related to the mechanisms of plant growth promotion. Therefore, detection of bacterial colonization of roots in different culture systems is important in the study of plant–microorganism interactions. In this study, fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and catalyzed reporter deposition–FISH (CARD–FISH) were evaluated to determine the colonization ability of B. subtilis EA-CB0575 on banana and tomato roots planted on solid and liquid Murashige and Skoog medium (MS(S) and MS(L), respectively) and in soil for tomato plants. Results showed B. subtilis colonization 0–30 days post inoculation for banana and tomato plants in different culture systems with differential distribution of bacterial cells along tomato and banana roots. FISH and CARD–FISH methodologies were both successful in detecting B. subtilis colonies, but CARD–FISH proved to be superior due to its enhanced fluorescence signal. The presence of bacteria correlated with the promotion of plant growth in both plant species, providing clues to relate rhizospheric colonization with improvement in plant growth. FISH and CARD–FISH analysis results suggested the presence of native microbiota on the roots of in vitro banana plants, but not on those of tomato plants. © 2018 Elsevier GmbH
- Published
- 2021
22. Regulation of myosin heavy chain and actin isogenes expression during cardiac growth
- Author
-
Boheler, K. R., Carrier, L., Chassagne, C., de la Bastie, D., Mercadier, J. J., Schwartz, K., Dhalla, Naranjan S., editor, and Morgan, Howard E., editor
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. The role of severity and intentionality in the intensity of Schadenfreude attribution: A developmental study of Danish children
- Author
-
Laura Quintanilla and Kristine M. Jensen de López
- Subjects
Male ,Development and Aging ,Denmark ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Emotions ,Jealousy ,050109 social psychology ,Empathy ,intentionality ,050105 experimental psychology ,Developmental psychology ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Social Behavior ,Child ,General Psychology ,media_common ,Social comparison theory ,Social perception ,05 social sciences ,Schadenfreude ,Emotion attribution ,General Medicine ,Social Perception ,Feeling ,envy ,schadenfreude ,Child, Preschool ,Emotions/physiology ,Sympathy ,Female ,happy victimizer ,Attribution ,Psychology - Abstract
Understanding envy and schadenfreude requires complex interpersonal social cognitive abilities, such as social comparison and evaluating the Self, but also understanding agency and intentionality. Previous studies of children's development of envy/schadenfreude addressed whether children understand and experience schadenfreude as opposed to compassion/sympathy or whether children's attribution of schadenfreude is a consequence of envy provoked by a disadvantageous social comparison. In this study, we take a step further and investigate the roles that agency and severity of the damage play in mediating children's attribution of schadenfreude. The participants were 144 Danish children aged 3–9 years divided into two age groups. Children were presented with eight stories supported by pictures showing intentional versus accidental and irreparable versus reparable damage to envied objects. The results show that the intensity of envy/schadenfreude, as well as the happy victimizer phenomenon, varies depending on the severity of damage, agency and intentionality. When damage is accidental, schadenfreude is expressed with less intensity compared to when damage is intentional (led by an agent). When damage is irreparable, children attribute less intense feelings of schadenfreude compared to when it is reparable. In addition, only the older children expressed reparable damage carrying more intense schadenfreude and only in the accidental condition. In general, children consider intentional and reparable damage more intense than accidental and irreparable damage, and this is mediated by age. The results are important for understanding the developmental trajectory of children's complex emotions and for educational programmes directed towards supporting this development.
- Published
- 2019
24. Incremental clinical utility of continuous performance tests in childhood ADHD – an evidence‐based assessment approach
- Author
-
Pia Tallberg, Maria Råstam, Peik Gustafsson, Glen Eliasson, and Lena Wenhov
- Subjects
Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Evidence-based practice ,central stimulants ,Adolescent ,Psychometrics ,Development and Aging ,assessment ,050109 social psychology ,child psychiatry ,Neuropsychological Tests ,050105 experimental psychology ,Parent ratings ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,Rating scale ,Central Stimulants ,mental disorders ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,Child and adolescent psychiatry ,medicine ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,ADHD ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Child ,General Psychology ,Receiver operating characteristic ,05 social sciences ,General Medicine ,evidence‐based ,medicine.disease ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Evidence-Based Practice ,Central Nervous System Stimulants ,Female ,CPT ,Psychology ,Evidence based assessment ,Clinical psychology - Abstract
Despite extensive research on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), there are still uncertainties regarding the clinical utility of different ADHD assessment methods. This study aimed to examine the incremental clinical utility of Conners' continuous performance test (CPT) II and QbTest in diagnostic assessments and treatment monitoring of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Retrospective data from child and adolescent psychiatric records of two populations were studied. The diagnostic clinical utility of Conners' CPT II and QbTest was analysed using receiver operator characteristics (ROC) and post-test probability in 80 children with and 38 without ADHD. Dose titrations of central stimulants in 56 children with ADHD were evaluated using QbTest and the Swanson, Nolan, Pelham, version IV (SNAP-IV) scale. Conners' CPT II, but not QbTest, had incremental clinical utility in diagnostic assessment of children with ADHD when teacher and parent ratings were inconclusive. QbTest proved useful in titration of central stimulant treatment when parent ratings were inconclusive. Continuous performance tests were found to be clinically useful when rating scales were inconclusive.
- Published
- 2018
25. Taurine: the appeal of a safe amino acid for skeletal muscle disorders.
- Author
-
De Luca, Annamaria, Pierno, Sabata, and Conte Camerino, Diana
- Subjects
- *
TAURINE , *AMINO acids , *SKELETAL muscle , *OSMOREGULATION , *INTRACELLULAR calcium - Abstract
Taurine is a natural amino acid present as free form in many mammalian tissues and in particular in skeletal muscle. Taurine exerts many physiological functions, including membrane stabilization, osmoregulation and cytoprotective effects, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory actions as well as modulation of intracellular calcium concentration and ion channel function. In addition taurine may control muscle metabolism and gene expression, through yet unclear mechanisms. This review summarizes the effects of taurine on specific muscle targets and pathways as well as its therapeutic potential to restore skeletal muscle function and performance in various pathological conditions. Evidences support the link between alteration of intracellular taurine level in skeletal muscle and different pathophysiological conditions, such as disuse-induced muscle atrophy, muscular dystrophy and/or senescence, reinforcing the interest towards its exogenous supplementation. In addition, taurine treatment can be beneficial to reduce sarcolemmal hyper-excitability in myotonia-related syndromes. Although further studies are necessary to fill the gaps between animals and humans, the benefit of the amino acid appears to be due to its multiple actions on cellular functions while toxicity seems relatively low. Human clinical trials using taurine in various pathologies such as diabetes, cardiovascular and neurological disorders have been performed and may represent a guide-line for designing specific studies in patients of neuromuscular diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Drug-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteria Detection By Combining Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (Sers) And Deep Learning Techniques
- Author
-
Mahmut Tokmakci, Fatma Uysal Ciloglu, Omer Aydin, İbrahim Kiliç, Abdullah Caliskan, Mehmet Kahraman, Ayse Mine Saridag, Mühendislik ve Doğa Bilimleri Fakültesi -- Biyomedikal Mühendisliği Bölümü, and Çalışkan, Abdullah
- Subjects
Support vector machine ,Computer science ,Drug resistance ,Microbial sensitivity tests ,Spectrum Analysis, Raman ,Bacterium ,Raman spectrometry ,Raman ,Multidisciplinary ,Artificial neural network ,Signal-To-Noise ratio ,Microbial sensitivity test ,Classification ,Discriminant analysis ,Chemistry ,Medicine ,Science & Technology - Other Topics ,Biomedical engineering ,Neural networks ,Human ,Raman Spectroscopy ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Silver ,Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ,Science ,4-Mercaptophenylboronic Acid ,Metal nanoparticles ,Article ,Computer ,Humans ,Signal noise ratio ,Development and aging ,business.industry ,Deep learning ,Nanobiotechnology ,Pattern recognition ,Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy ,Methicillin resistance ,Autoencoder ,Spectrum analysis ,Drug effect ,Staphylococcus aureus bacteria ,Neural Networks, Computer ,Artificial intelligence ,business ,Analytical chemistry - Abstract
Over the past year, the world's attention has focused on combating COVID-19 disease, but the other threat waiting at the door—antimicrobial resistance should not be forgotten. Although making the diagnosis rapidly and accurately is crucial in preventing antibiotic resistance development, bacterial identification techniques include some challenging processes. To address this challenge, we proposed a deep neural network (DNN) that can discriminate antibiotic-resistant bacteria using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Stacked autoencoder (SAE)-based DNN was used for the rapid identification of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) bacteria using a label-free SERS technique. The performance of the DNN was compared with traditional classifiers. Since the SERS technique provides high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data, some subtle differences were found between MRSA and MSSA in relative band intensities. SAE-based DNN can learn features from raw data and classify them with an accuracy of 97.66%. Moreover, the model discriminates bacteria with an area under curve (AUC) of 0.99. Compared to traditional classifiers, SAE-based DNN was found superior in accuracy and AUC values. The obtained results are also supported by statistical analysis. These results demonstrate that deep learning has great potential to characterize and detect antibiotic-resistant bacteria by using SERS spectral data.
- Published
- 2021
27. Self-Rated Health and Health Care Access Associated With African American Men’s Health Self-Efficacy.
- Author
-
Thompson, Terry, Mitchell, Jamie A., Johnson-Lawrence, Vicki, Watkins, Daphne C., and Modlin, Charles S.
- Abstract
Health self-efficacy, a measure of one’s self-assurance in taking care of their own health, is known to contribute to a range of health outcomes that has been under examined among African American men. The purpose of this investigation was to identify and contextualize predictors of general health self-efficacy in this population. A cross-sectional sample of surveys from 558 African American was examined. These men were older than 18 years, could read and write English, and attended a hospital-based community health fair targeting minority men in 2011. The outcome of interest was health self-efficacy, which was assessed by asking, “Overall, how confident are you in your ability to take good care of your health?” Responses ranged from 1 (not confident at all) to 5 (completely confident). Covariates included age, self-rated health, health insurance status, having a regular physician, and being a smoker. The mean age of participants was 54.4 years, and 61.3% of participants indicated confidence in their ability to take good care of their health. Older age and being a smoker were inversely associated with the outcome. Good self-rated health, having health insurance, and having a regular doctor were positively associated with reports of health self-efficacy. Findings suggest that multiple points of connection to the health care system increase the likelihood of health self-efficacy for this sample and interventions to support older African American men who may evaluate their own health status as poor and who may face barriers to health care access are implicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The behavioral effects of cooperative and competitive board games in preschoolers
- Author
-
Leo Poom, Malin Eriksson, Gunilla Stenberg, and Ben Kenward
- Subjects
Competitive Behavior ,Development and Aging ,Emotions ,cooperation ,050109 social psychology ,050105 experimental psychology ,Task (project management) ,Competition (economics) ,Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous) ,prosocial behavior ,Developmental and Educational Psychology ,preschoolers ,Psychology ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Cooperative Behavior ,Antisocial behavior ,Child ,General Psychology ,Psykologi ,Social activity ,05 social sciences ,ComputingMilieux_PERSONALCOMPUTING ,General Medicine ,Antisocial Personality Disorder ,board games ,Altruism ,Prosocial behavior ,Video Games ,Competitive behavior ,Child, Preschool ,Social psychology ,competition - Abstract
Traditional board games are a common social activity for many children, but little is known about the behavioral effects of this type of game. The current study aims to explore the behavioral effects of cooperative and competitive board games in four-to-six-year-old children (N = 65). Repeatedly during 6 weeks, children in groups of four played either cooperative or competitive board games in a between-subject design, and shortly after each game conducted a task in which children?s cooperative, prosocial, competitive, and antisocial behavior were observed. The type of board game did not have an effect on cooperative, prosocial or antisocial behavior. Cooperative and competitive board games elicited equal amounts of cooperative and prosocial behavior, which suggest that board games, regardless of type, could have positive effects on preschoolers? social behavior. Our results suggest that children may compete more after playing competitive board games; but the measure of competitive behavior in particular was unreliable. Preschoolers enjoyed playing cooperative board games more than competitive board games, which may be one reason to prefer their use.
- Published
- 2020
29. Biofilm formation - what we can learn from recent developments
- Author
-
Bjarnsholt, Buhlin, Dufrêne, Y.F., Gomelsky, Moroni, Ramstedt, Rumbaugh, K.P., Schulte, Sun, Åkerlund, and Römling
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,culture medium ,Biomedical Research ,extracellular matrix ,growth ,opportunistic infection ,Opportunistic Infections ,Article ,biofilm ,medical research ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Staphylococcus infection ,Anti-Infective Agents ,molecular pathology ,antibiotic therapy ,Internal Medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,antibiotic agent ,Pseudomonas Infections ,human ,multimodality cancer therapy ,nonhuman ,business.industry ,drug effect ,development and aging ,microbiology ,bacterial infection ,Biofilm ,Bacterial Infections ,Staphylococcal Infections ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Combined Modality Therapy ,Culture Media ,antiinfective agent ,030104 developmental biology ,priority journal ,Biofilms ,physiology ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Wound Infection ,Pseudomonas infection ,business - Abstract
Bjarnsholt T, Buhlin K, Dufrenê YF, Gomelsky M, Moroni A, Ramstedt M, Rumbaugh KP, Schulte T, Sun L, Åkerlund B, Römling U (University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden; Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, USA; Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy; Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, Texas, USA; Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden). Biofilm formation – what we can learn from recent developments. Although biofilms have been observed early in the history of microbial research, their impact has only recently been fully recognized. Biofilm infections, which contribute to up to 80% of human microbial infections, are associated with common human disorders, such as diabetes mellitus and poor dental hygiene, but also with medical implants. The associated chronic infections such as wound infections, dental caries and periodontitis significantly enhance morbidity, affect quality of life and can aid development of follow-up diseases such as cancer. Biofilm infections remain challenging to treat and antibiotic monotherapy is often insufficient, although some rediscovered traditional compounds have shown surprising efficiency. Innovative anti-biofilm strategies include application of anti-biofilm small molecules, intrinsic or external stimulation of production of reactive molecules, utilization of materials with antimicrobial properties and dispersion of biofilms by digestion of the extracellular matrix, also in combination with physical biofilm breakdown. Although basic principles of biofilm formation have been deciphered, the molecular understanding of the formation and structural organization of various types of biofilms has just begun to emerge. Basic studies of biofilm physiology have also resulted in an unexpected discovery of cyclic dinucleotide second messengers that are involved in interkingdom crosstalk via specific mammalian receptors. These findings even open up new venues for exploring novel anti-biofilm strategies.
- Published
- 2018
30. Transcriptomic analysis ofFUCA1knock-down in keratinocytes reveals new insights into the pathogenesis of fucosidosis skin lesions
- Author
-
Karen Marcela Jiménez, Paul Laissue, César Payán-Gómez, Danyela Valero-Rubio, and Dora Janeth Fonseca
- Subjects
Fucosidosis ,Keratinocytes ,0301 basic medicine ,Pathology ,Pathogenesis ,Oligonucleotide array sequence analysis ,Growth ,Gene mutation ,Skin disease ,Biochemistry ,Computational biology ,Histogenesis ,Cell differentiation ,Lysosomal storage disease ,Up-regulation ,Quantitative analysis ,Down-regulation ,Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ,Alpha levo fucosidase ,alpha-L-Fucosidase ,integumentary system ,Fuca1 protein ,Alpha-l-fucosidase ,development and aging ,Gene silencing ,Cell Differentiation ,Gene expression profiling ,Hacat cell line ,Polymerase chain reaction ,Up-Regulation ,Skin diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Gene Knockdown Techniques ,Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ,Keratinocyte ,Human ,Angiokeratoma ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Fuca1 gene ,Bioinformatics ,Immunology ,Down-Regulation ,Down regulation ,Dermatology ,Small interfering rna ,Biology ,Skin Diseases ,Article ,Cell Line ,03 medical and health sciences ,Upregulation ,Psoriasis ,Genetics ,medicine ,Humans ,Gene cluster ,Molecular mechanics ,Immune response ,Transcriptomics ,Molecular Biology ,Hemangiokeratoma ,Gene knockdown ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Skin defect ,Computational Biology ,Lysosomal alpha-l-fucosidase ,medicine.disease ,Gene knockdown techniques ,Rna extraction ,Dna microarray ,030104 developmental biology ,Human cell ,Foxn1 ,Rna ,Protein expression ,Gene expression ,Transcription factor ,Epidermis ,Cell line ,Transcriptome ,Controlled study ,Complication - Abstract
Fucosidosis is a rare lysosomal storage disease which has been classified into two subtypes, depending on the severity of clinical signs and symptoms. Fucosidosis patients’ skin abnormalities include angiokeratoma corporis diffusum, widespread telangiectasia, thick skin, hyperhidrosis and hypohidrosis, acrocyanosis and distal transverse nail bands. It has been described that >50% of fucosidosis patients have angiokeratoma. At molecular level, fucosidosis is caused by lysosomal alpha-L-fucosidase (FUCA1) gene mutations. Obtaining samples for functional studies has been challenging due to the inherent difficulty in finding affected individuals. The effect of FUCA1 dysfunction on gene expression is unknown. The aim of this study was to analyse, in keratinocytes, the transcriptomic effect of FUCA1 knock-down for a better understanding of skin lesions’ pathogenesis affecting fucosidosis patients. FUCA1 knock-down (siRNA) was performed in human HaCaT immortalised keratinocytes. Affymetrix arrays and qPCR were used for analysing gene expression. Bioinformatics was used for functional clustering of modified genes. In total, 387 genes showed differential expression between FUCA1 silenced and non-silenced cells (222 up-regulated and 165 down-regulated). Up-regulated genes belonged to two major groups: keratinocyte differentiation/epidermal development (n = 17) and immune response (n = 61). Several transcription factors were up-regulated in FUCA1-siRNA transfected cells. This effect might partly have been produced by abnormal transcription factor expression, that is FOXN1. We thus propose that fucosidosis-related skin lesions (eg angiokeratoma) and those of other diseases (eg psoriasis) might be caused by dysfunctions in common aetiological overlapping molecular cascades. © 2018 John Wiley and Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd
- Published
- 2018
31. The Transcriptome and Methylome of the Developing and Aging Brain and Their Relations to Gliomas and Psychological Disorders.
- Author
-
Loeffler-Wirth, Henry, Hopp, Lydia, Schmidt, Maria, Zakharyan, Roksana, Arakelyan, Arsen, and Binder, Hans
- Subjects
- *
GLIOMAS , *DNA methylation , *TRANSCRIPTOMES , *GENE expression , *NEURAL development , *AGING , *PREFRONTAL cortex , *BRAIN death - Abstract
Mutually linked expression and methylation dynamics in the brain govern genome regulation over the whole lifetime with an impact on cognition, psychological disorders, and cancer. We performed a joint study of gene expression and DNA methylation of brain tissue originating from the human prefrontal cortex of individuals across the lifespan to describe changes in cellular programs and their regulation by epigenetic mechanisms. The analysis considers previous knowledge in terms of functional gene signatures and chromatin states derived from independent studies, aging profiles of a battery of chromatin modifying enzymes, and data of gliomas and neuropsychological disorders for a holistic view on the development and aging of the brain. Expression and methylation changes from babies to elderly adults decompose into different modes associated with the serial activation of (brain) developmental, learning, metabolic and inflammatory functions, where methylation in gene promoters mostly represses transcription. Expression of genes encoding methylome modifying enzymes is very diverse reflecting complex regulations during lifetime which also associates with the marked remodeling of chromatin between permissive and restrictive states. Data of brain cancer and psychotic disorders reveal footprints of pathophysiologies related to brain development and aging. Comparison of aging brains with gliomas supports the view that glioblastoma-like and astrocytoma-like tumors exhibit higher cellular plasticity activated in the developing healthy brain while oligodendrogliomas have a more stable differentiation hierarchy more resembling the aged brain. The balance and specific shifts between volatile and stable and between more irreversible and more plastic epigenomic networks govern the development and aging of healthy and diseased brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Brain plasticity and cognitive neurorehabilitation.
- Author
-
Berlucchi, Giovanni
- Subjects
- *
NEUROPLASTICITY , *NEURAL transmission , *BRAIN damage , *NEUROPSYCHOLOGY , *COGNITIVE learning , *AGING , *BRAIN - Abstract
Neuropsychological or cognitive rehabilitation has undergone a considerable theoretical and practical development as a specialised field of research and clinical application in its own right. Its possibilities of intervention have been considerably expanded after the abandonment of a wrong belief in the immutability of the central nervous system and the growing evidence in favour of the existence of a considerable degree of neuroplasticity even in the mature and aged brain. Modulation of synaptic transmission and synaptogenesis, the staple mechanism of neuroplasticity in development, maturation and learning, is also assumed by most to underlie functional recovery in the damaged central nervous system. In order to achieve a true scientific rationale for neurological and neuropsychological rehabilitation, it will be necessary to fully understand the actual overlaps and the actual differences between the mechanisms of repair and reorganisation after brain damage and those of physiological development and normal learning. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Model-based analysis and quantification of age trends in auditory evoked potentials
- Author
-
Kerr, C.C., Rennie, C.J., and Robinson, P.A.
- Subjects
- *
AUDITORY evoked response , *BRAIN -- Mathematical models , *AGING , *HUMAN research subjects , *NEURONS , *THALAMUS , *CEREBRAL cortex , *EXCITATION (Physiology) - Abstract
Abstract: Objective: The physiological basis for the changes in auditory evoked potentials (AEPs) during development and aging is currently unknown. This study investigates age- and task-related changes via a mathematical model of neuronal activity, which allows a number of physiological changes to be inferred. Methods: A quantitative, physiology-based model of activity in cortical and thalamic neurons was used to analyze oddball AEPs recorded from 1498 healthy subjects aged 6–86 years. Results: Differences between standard and target responses can be largely explained by differences in connection strengths between thalamic and cortical neurons. The time it takes signals to travel between the thalamus and cortex decreases during development and increases during aging. Strong age trends are also seen in intracortical and thalamocortical neuronal connection strengths. Conclusions: Changes in AEP latency can be attributed to changes in the thalamocortical signal propagation time. Large changes in the connection strengths between neuronal populations occur during development, resulting in increased thalamocortical inhibition and decreased thalamocortical excitation. Standard and target parameters are similar in children but diverge during adolescence, due to changes in thalamocortical loop activity. Significance: Model-based AEP analysis links age-related changes in brain electrophysiology to underlying changes in brain anatomy and physiology, and yields quantitative predictions of several currently unknown physiological and anatomical properties of the brain. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Age-related changes in hepatic expression and activity of cytochrome P450 in male rats.
- Author
-
Kang Uk Yun, Soo Jin Oh, Jung Min Oh, Keon Wook Kang, Chang-Seon Myung, Gyu Yong Song, Bong-Hee Kim, and Sang Kyum Kim
- Subjects
- *
CYTOCHROMES , *MIDAZOLAM , *AGING , *LABORATORY rats , *XENOBIOTICS - Abstract
ge-related changes in hepatic expression and activity of cytochrome P450 (CYP) were investigated in male rats aged 3 (weanling), 12 (young), 26 (adult), and 104 (old) weeks. Levels of microsomal protein, total CYP, and cytochrome b increased fully after puberty. CYP1A1 was detected only in 3-week-old rats, and CYP1A2, CYP2B1, and CYP2E1 were maximally expressed at 3 weeks but decreased at 12 and 26 weeks. CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 increased markedly after puberty and decreased with aging. Ethoxyresorufin- O-deethylase, methoxyresorufin- O-demethylase, pentoxyresorufin- O-depenthylase, and p-nitrophenol hydroxylase activities were at their highest in 3-week-old rats, and midazolam hydroxylase activity was at a maximum in 12-week-old rats but decreased with aging. The present results show that increasing age caused significant alterations in hepatic expression/activity of CYP isoforms in an isoform-specific manner. These results suggest that age-related changes in hepatic CYP isoforms may be an important factor for deciding the efficacy and safety of xenobiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Degradation of paraoxon (VX chemical agent simulant) and bacteria by magnesium oxide depends on the crystalline structure of magnesium oxide
- Author
-
Hatem Fessi, Thierry Pollet, L. Ouvry, Daniel Hartmann, François Renaud, A. Sellik, Stéphanie Briançon, Laboratoire d'automatique et de génie des procédés (LAGEP), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Supérieure Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives - Laboratoire d'Electronique et de Technologie de l'Information (CEA-LETI), Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) (DRT (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Matériaux, ingénierie et science [Villeurbanne] (MATEIS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Supérieure de Chimie Physique Électronique de Lyon (CPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
- Subjects
Spores ,Metal Nanoparticles ,Nanoparticle ,bacterial spore ,02 engineering and technology ,Toxicology ,01 natural sciences ,Paraoxon ,[SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials ,Nitrophenols ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,antibacterial activity ,nitrophenol ,degradation ,Spores, Bacterial ,Magnesium ,nanoparticle ,development and aging ,Bacterial ,4 nitrophenol ,4-Nitrophenol ,General Medicine ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,mass fragmentography ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Magnesium Oxide ,0210 nano-technology ,Bacillus subtilis ,medicine.drug ,Staphylococcus aureus ,phosphorothioic acid derivative ,crystal structure ,Materials science ,growth ,Oxide ,chemistry.chemical_element ,bactericidal activity ,Nanotechnology ,chemistry ,010402 general chemistry ,Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ,Article ,4-nitrophenol ,Metal ,Escherichia coli ,medicine ,controlled study ,[SPI.GPROC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Chemical and Process Engineering ,Particle Size ,detoxification ,disinfection ,metal nanoparticle ,nonhuman ,Organothiophosphorus Compounds ,methylphosphonothioic acid s (2 diisopropylaminoethyl) o ethyl ester ,0104 chemical sciences ,[SDV.SP.PG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Pharmaceutical sciences/Galenic pharmacology ,drug effects ,physiology ,Degradation (geology) ,Particle size ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
cited By 3; International audience; In this work, our goal was to study the capability of a single metallic oxide to neutralize a chemical agent and to exhibit an antibacterial effect. We tested two types of magnesium oxides, MgO. The first MgO sample tested, which commercial data size characteristic was −325 mesh (MgO-1) destroyed in 3 h, 89.7% of paraoxon and 93.2% of 4-nitrophenol, the first degradation product. The second MgO sample, which commercial data size was
- Published
- 2017
36. Behavior in adulthood and during aging is affected by contaminant exposure in utero.
- Author
-
Newland, M. Christopher and Rasmussen, Erin B.
- Subjects
- *
ADULTS , *AGING , *METHYLMERCURY , *ENVIRONMENTAL toxicology , *NEUROLOGY - Abstract
Environmental contaminants can alter the course of neural development, with consequences that appear in behavior. Such effects extend into adulthood and sometimes accelerate the rate of aging, even when exposure ceases by birth. The neurotoxicant methylmercury provides an interesting case study that reveals much about how disrupted neural development has lifelong consequences. Methylmercury also provides an example of the assessment and management of risks associated with exposure to developmental neurotoxicants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. A Chinese Cross-Sectional Study on Symptoms in Aging Males: Prevalence and Associated Factors
- Author
-
Bin Yang, Zhigang Ji, Xinyu Zhang, Hongjun Li, Ni Li, and Haibo Wang
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Aging ,China ,Health (social science) ,Cross-sectional study ,Social Determinants of Health ,Health Status ,general health and wellness ,lcsh:Medicine ,Logistic regression ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Quality of life ,Surveys and Questionnaires ,Prevalence ,Medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Social determinants of health ,Risk factor ,Aged ,psychosocial and cultural issues ,030219 obstetrics & reproductive medicine ,business.industry ,development and aging ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ,Odds ratio ,Middle Aged ,Confidence interval ,health-related quality of life ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,Quality of Life ,Original Article ,business ,Demography - Abstract
The Aging Male Symptoms (AMS) scale is a questionnaire designed for assessing health-related quality of life and aging-related symptoms in men. Additional knowledge of the severity of aging symptoms in males revealed by high AMS scores and the factors associated with it in the Chinese population is required. A nationally representative prevalence and risk factor estimate of AMS scores was performed to identify the associated factors for AMS severity in China. Men aged between 35 and 70 years were recruited at 33 study centers in 21 provinces, 4 municipalities, and 4 autonomous regions. The prevalence of high AMS scores and its association with demographic, anatomical, lifestyle, and clinical variables were evaluated. Chi-square tests and logistic regression models were used for analysis. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals were calculated. In this study, 918 of 9,164 (10%, p < .001) men aged between 35 and 70 years, had AMS scores ≥50. Univariate and multivariable analyses showed that an age of >40 years, poor marital relations, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), history of fracture, and smoking ≥25 cigarettes per day were the major factors that were associated with the severity of AMS (OR ≥2; p < .05). Hypertension, low income, a low education level, alcohol consumption, lack of exercise, and a waist-to-hip ratio ≥0.9 were also moderately associated with AMS severity (OR 1–2; p < .05). The current study revealed the nationally representative prevalence of severe AMS scores in Chinese men and the factors associated with severe AMS. Antiaging intervention studies should target men with specific associated factors.
- Published
- 2019
38. IP-10 contributes to the inhibition of mycobacterial growth in an ex vivo whole blood assay
- Author
-
Alessandro Salustri, Michela Sali, Flavio De Maio, Darragh Duffy, Vincent Bondet, Linda Petrone, Giovanni Delogu, Gian Maria Fimia, Ivana Palucci, Basem Battah, Delia Goletti, Fabiola Ciccosanti, Fondazione 'Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli' [Rome], Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Roma] (Unicatt), Istituto Nazionale di Malattie Infettive 'Lazzaro Spallanzani' (INMI), Immunobiologie des Cellules dendritiques, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), University of Salento [Lecce], Mater Olbia Hospital - Ospedale Mater Olbia, This study was supported by the Italian Ministry of Health 'Ricerca Finalizzata' (grant number RF-2011-02349395) awarded to GD, DG and GMF, and by the European Commission H2020 program (grant number TBVAC2020 643381) awarded to DG and by the Italian Ministry of Health (Ricerca Corrente) to GD and GMF., DG has been a consultant and received fees for presentations for QUIDEL, JENSSEN and QIAGEN. The other authors do not report any conflict of interest, European Project: 643381,H2020,H2020-PHC-2014-single-stage,TBVAC2020(2015), Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore = Catholic University of the Sacred Heart [Roma] (Unicatt), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
- Subjects
Male ,Chemokine ,gamma interferon inducible protein 10 ,cell migration ,ex vivo study ,bacterial growth ,CXCR3 ,eukaryotic cell ,law.invention ,immunology ,law ,CXCL-10 ,genetic variability ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,T lymphocyte ,dipeptidyl peptidase IV ,atypical mycobacterium ,virus replication ,0303 health sciences ,Cultured ,Hepatitis C virus ,adult ,development and aging ,article ,chemokine receptor CXCR3 ,CXCL10 protein, human ,gamma interferon inducible protein 10, amino terminal sequence ,assay ,cell activation ,monocyte ,Mycobacterium ,Mycobacterium tuberculosis ,nonhuman ,bioassay ,blood cell ,growth, development and aging ,human ,male ,microbiology ,tuberculosis ,tumor cell culture, Adult ,Biological Assay ,Blood Cells ,Chemokine CXCL10 ,Humans ,Nontuberculous Mycobacteria ,Tuberculosis ,Host directed therapy ,IP-10 ,Mycobacteria ,Personalized medicine ,General Medicine ,3. Good health ,Tumor Cells ,Infectious Diseases ,Recombinant DNA ,[SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology ,Microbiology (medical) ,CXCL10 protein ,Adult ,growth ,Biology ,Virus ,Dipeptidyl peptidase ,Settore MED/07 - MICROBIOLOGIA E MICROBIOLOGIA CLINICA ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,030304 developmental biology ,030306 microbiology ,tumor cell culture ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,biology.protein ,amino terminal sequence ,Ex vivo - Abstract
International audience; Interferon-γ inducible protein 10 (IP-10), is a potent chemoattractant that promotes migration of monocytes and activated T-cells to inflammation foci. IP-10 is elevated in serum of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and tuberculosis (TB) infections, although it remains to be determined the contribution of IP-10 in restricting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) replication. Here, we investigated the impact of IP-10 on mycobacteria replication using the ex vivo model of human whole-blood (WB) assay. In particular, we compared the levels of IP-10 upon infection with different Mtb clinical strains and species of non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) and evaluated how IP-10 may contain bacterial replication. Interestingly, we observed that the inhibition of the host enzyme dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), which inactivates IP-10 through cleavage of two amino acids at the chemokine N-terminus, restricted mycobacterial persistence in WB, supporting the critical role of full length IP-10 in mediating an anti-Mtb response. Addition of recombinant IP-10 expressed in eukaryotic cells enhanced the anti-mycobacterial activity in WB, although no differences were observed when IP-10 containing different proportions of cleaved and non-cleaved forms of the chemokine were added. Moreover, recombinant IP-10 did not exert a direct anti-mycobacterial effect. Our results underscore the clinical relevance of IP-10 in mycobacteria pathogenesis and support the potential outcomes that may derive by targeting the IP-10/CXCR3 pathway as host directed therapies for the treatment of Mtb or NTM infections.
- Published
- 2019
39. Quiet sleep detection in preterm infants using deep convolutional neural networks
- Author
-
Gunnar Naulaers, Alexander Caicedo, Anneleen Dereymaeker, Maarten De Vos, Mario Lavanga, Jan Vervisch, Sabine Van Huffel, Katrien Jansen, Ofelie De Wel, Amir Hossein Ansari, Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes (INS), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
- Subjects
Male ,Newborn care ,Physiology ,Receiver operating characteristic ,Growth ,02 engineering and technology ,Electroencephalography ,Audiology ,Procedures ,Convolutional neural network ,Automation ,0302 clinical medicine ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Medicine ,EEG ,ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS ,Priority journal ,Sleep Stages ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,development and aging ,Brain maturation ,Correlation analysis ,Brain ,Classification ,Brain development ,Sleep in non-human animals ,Algorithm ,Quiet sleep ,Feature extraction ,Nerve cell differentiation ,020201 artificial intelligence & image processing ,Female ,Prematurity ,Algorithms ,Infant, Premature ,Human ,Artificial neural network ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Clinical article ,Biomedical Engineering ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Machine learning ,Humans ,Wakefulness ,Premature ,Sleep stage ,business.industry ,[SCCO.NEUR]Cognitive science/Neuroscience ,Preterm neonate ,Postmenstrual Age ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Sleep stage classification ,Neural Networks (Computer) ,Newborn ,Electroencephalogram ,Neural Networks, Computer ,business ,Sleep ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Neonates spend most of their time asleep. Sleep of preterm infants evolves rapidly throughout maturation and plays an important role in brain development. Since visual labelling of the sleep stages is a time consuming task, automated analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) to identify sleep stages is of great interest to clinicians. This automated sleep scoring can aid in optimizing neonatal care and assessing brain maturation. APPROACH: In this study, we designed and implemented an 18-layer convolutional neural network to discriminate quiet sleep from non-quiet sleep in preterm infants. The network is trained on 54 recordings from 13 preterm neonates and the performance is assessed on 43 recordings from 13 independent patients. All neonates had a normal neurodevelopmental outcome and the EEGs were recorded between 27 and 42 weeks postmenstrual age. MAIN RESULTS: The proposed network achieved an area under the mean and median ROC curve equal to 92% and 98%, respectively. SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings suggest that CNN is a suitable and fast approach to classify neonatal sleep stages in preterm infants. ispartof: Journal of Neural Engineering vol:15 issue:6 ispartof: location:England status: published
- Published
- 2018
40. Engaging Older Men in Physical Activity: Implications for Health Promotion Practice
- Author
-
Simran Sahota, Heather McKay, Joanie Sims-Gould, John L Oliffe, Alison Phinney, Manpreet Thandi, and Sabrina T. Wong
- Subjects
Gerontology ,gender issues and sexual orientation ,Male ,Canada ,Health (social science) ,gerontology ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Population ,Ethnic group ,lcsh:Medicine ,Health Promotion ,Healthy Aging ,Interviews as Topic ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Photovoice ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,education ,Exercise ,Qualitative Research ,media_common ,Aged ,health-care issues ,Masculinity ,education.field_of_study ,research ,development and aging ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,030229 sport sciences ,Original Articles ,3. Good health ,Health promotion ,health promotion and disease prevention ,Independent Living ,Psychology ,Independent living ,Qualitative research ,Diversity (politics) - Abstract
According to Health Canada (2016), only about 11% of older men meet recommended guidelines for physical activity, and participation decreases as men age. This places men at considerable risk of poor health, including an array of chronic diseases. A demographic shift toward a greater population of less healthy older men would substantially challenge an already beleaguered health-care system. One strategy to alter this trajectory might be gender-sensitized community-based physical activity. Therefore, a qualitative study was conducted to enhance understanding of community-dwelling older men’s day-to-day experiences with physical activity. Four men over age 65 participated in a semistructured interview, three walk-along interviews, and a photovoice project. An interpretive descriptive approach to data analysis was used to identify three key themes related to men’s experiences with physical activity: (a) “The things I’ve always done,” (b) “Out and About,” and (c) “You do need the group atmosphere at times.” This research extends the knowledge base around intersections among older men, physical activity, and masculinities. The findings provide a glimpse of the diversity of older men and the need for physical activity programs that are unique to individual preferences and capacities. The findings are not generalized to all men but the learnings from this research may be of value to those who design programs for older men in similar contexts. Future studies might address implementation with a larger sample of older men who reside in a broad range of geographic locations and of different ethnicities.
- Published
- 2018
41. Developing a Group Program for Older Males to Participate in Social Activities in Japan: A Mixed-Methods Study
- Author
-
Norikazu Kobayashi and Kenta Nomura
- Subjects
Male ,Gerontology ,Health (social science) ,community outreach ,Health Promotion ,men’s health programs ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Japan ,male development ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Group program ,Social isolation ,Healthy aging ,Social Behavior ,Aged ,health-care issues ,030505 public health ,development and aging ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Social Participation ,Social engagement ,men’s health interventions ,healthy aging ,Medicine ,Original Article ,medicine.symptom ,0305 other medical science ,Psychology - Abstract
This study analyzes the effect of social participation in a program that encourages participation in social activities as an approach to counteract the social isolation of elderly males in Japan. The design of this study was an open-label, before-and-after trial for a single group using the convergent design of the mixed-methods study. This program led to significant improvement in independent living and interest in society, but it did not help increase satisfaction with social activities. Additionally, a qualitative data identify that this program encouraged subjects to proactivity participate in social activities. While it has been identified that this program may have had a considerable effect by integrating quantitative and qualitative data, it is necessary to improve the program to further promote change in the subjects’ social behavior.
- Published
- 2021
42. Lessons Learned from the Medical University of South Carolina Transdisciplinary Collaborative Center (TCC) in Precision Medicine and Minority Men’s Health
- Author
-
Ernestine Delmoor, Diane Mathews, Oluwole Adeyami Babatunde, Luisel Ricks-Santi, Chanita Hughes Halbert, Melanie Jefferson, Jerry Johnson, Caitlin G. Allen, Claudia Baquet, Gayenell S. Magwood, Cathy L. Melvin, and Robin J. Leach
- Subjects
Male ,South carolina ,Health (social science) ,lcsh:Medicine ,Translational research ,Context (language use) ,Health care ,Humans ,genetics ,Sociology ,Precision Medicine ,oncology/cancer ,Minority Groups ,health-care issues ,Medical education ,evaluation ,Cancer prevention ,cancer prevention ,Community engagement ,business.industry ,development and aging ,lcsh:R ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Precision medicine ,population-based ,Chronic disease ,Original Article ,Men's Health ,business - Abstract
The Transdisciplinary Collaborative Center (TCC) in Precision Medicine for Minority Men’s Health was established at the Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC) in 2015 to address disparities in the translation of precision medicine approaches among racial minority groups. This regional consortium focuses on three primary areas: (1) the development of a consortium of regional and national partners, (2) conducting transdisciplinary research examining synergistic effects of biological, social, physiological, and clinical determinants of chronic disease risks and outcomes, and (3) dissemination and implementation of precision medicine approaches, with an emphasis on reducing disparities in health care and outcomes among minority men. Given consistent calls to better translate precision medicine approaches and the focus of this consortium on addressing disparities among minority men, we provide an overview of our experience in developing the MUSC TCC, including barriers and facilitators to conducting translational research on minority men’s health issues in the context of precision medicine. Lessons learned and areas for improvement include providing enough time to create consistent partnerships and community engagement to improve recruitment and retention, identifying unique ways to engage diverse partners from across the region and nation, and better approaches to dissemination and communication for large partnerships focusing on precision medicine.
- Published
- 2020
43. Isocyanides as Influenza A Virus Subtype H5N1 Wild-Type M2 Channel Inhibitors
- Author
-
S.a, b, Huang, J.a, Gazzarrini, S.c, Chen, L.a, Xing, L.d, C.e, L.e, Neochoritis, C.G.f, Liao, G.P.f, Zhou, H.a, Dömling, A.f, Moroni, A.c, Wang, Drug Design, and Medicinal Chemistry and Bioanalysis (MCB)
- Subjects
antivirus agent ,virus strain ,5 (tert butyl) 2 isocyano 1 ,isocyanide ,synthesis ,matrix protein ,IC50 ,Pharmacology ,medicine.disease_cause ,proton nuclear magnetic resonance ,Biochemistry ,virus inhibition ,Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells ,n [4 (tert butyl)cyclohexyl]formamide ,dose response ,Drug Discovery ,Influenza A Virus ,animal ,3 isocyanoadamantan 1 ol ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,influenza A ,Cytotoxicity ,1 (1 isocyanoethyl)adamantine ,development and aging ,6 trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptan 3 yl)formamide ,MDCK cell line ,unclassified drug ,n (adamantan 1 yl)formamide ,EC50 ,microbial sensitivity test ,Influenza A virus (H1N1) ,2 isocyanoadamantane ,priority journal ,1 isocyanoadamantane ,Influenza A virus (H5N1) ,dog ,antiviral activity ,Molecular Medicine ,H5N1 Subtype ,Drug ,6 trimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]heptane ,medicine.drug ,growth ,animal experiment ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Biology ,4 trimethylpentane ,chemistry ,Antiviral Agents ,Article ,Virus ,drug clearance ,Dose-Response Relationship ,Viral Matrix Proteins ,Structure-Activity Relationship ,3 dimethylbenzene ,Dogs ,n ( 2 ,site directed mutagenesis ,medicine ,Animals ,Structure–activity relationship ,controlled study ,drug binding site ,Channel blocker ,M2 protein ,mouse ,antagonists and inhibitors ,structure activity relation ,amantadine ,cyanide ,nonhuman ,Cyanides ,Viral matrix protein ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ,microbiology ,Organic Chemistry ,Amantadine ,Wild type ,molecular docking ,carbon nuclear magnetic resonance ,molecular dynamics ,Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 ,3 isocyano 2 ,drug effects ,1 (tert butyl) 4 isocyanocyclohexane ,2 isocyano 2 ,drug synthesis ,Influenza virus ,metabolism ,virus attachment - Abstract
Basic bulky amines such as amantadine are well-characterized M2 channel blockers, useful for treating influenza. Herein we report our surprising findings that charge-neutral, bulky isocyanides exhibit activities similar to - or even higher than - that of amantadine. We also demonstrate that these isocyanides have potent growth inhibitory activity against the H5N1 virus. The -NH2 to -N?C group replacement within current anti-influenza drugs was found to give compounds with high activities at low-micromolar concentrations. For example, a tenfold improvement in potency was observed for 1-isocyanoadamantane (27), with an EC50 value of 0.487 ?m against amantadine-sensitive H5N1 virus as determined by both MTT and plaque-reduction assays, without showing cytotoxicity. Furthermore, the isocyanide analogues synthesized in this study did not inhibit the V27A or S31N mutant M2 ion channels, according to electrophysiology experiments, and did not exhibit activity against amantadine-resistant virus strains. Charge-neutral bulky isocyanides were found to exhibit antiviral activities similar to - or even higher than - that of amantadine. Moreover, we demonstrated that these isocyanides have potent growth inhibitory activity against the wild-type H5N1 virus. The NH2 to N?C group replacement within current anti-influenza drugs was found to result in compounds with low-micromolar activities. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
- Published
- 2015
44. 'Is Life Worth Living?': The Role of Masculinity in the Way Men Aged Over 80 Talk About Living, Dying, and Suicide
- Author
-
Kylie King, Peter Feldman, Marisa Schlichthorst, Allison Milner, David Pierce, Briony Dow, Louise Keogh, and Richard Chenhall
- Subjects
Suicide Prevention ,Male ,Gerontology ,Health (social science) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Social Stigma ,lcsh:Medicine ,Stigma (botany) ,Suicide prevention ,Right to die ,03 medical and health sciences ,Social support ,0302 clinical medicine ,Humans ,masculinity ,030212 general & internal medicine ,suicide ,media_common ,Aged, 80 and over ,research ,lcsh:R ,development and aging ,05 social sciences ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Social Support ,Men ,Focus Groups ,Focus group ,Mental health ,United States ,Mental Health ,healthy aging ,050903 gender studies ,Masculinity ,Men's studies ,Original Article ,men’s studies ,0509 other social sciences ,Men's Health ,Psychology ,qualitative research - Abstract
Men aged 85 years and over have the highest rate of suicide of any age or gender group in Australia. However, little is known about their trajectory toward suicide. The objective of this study was to understand the role of masculine norms and other life factors in the suicidality of older men. Thirty-three men aged 80 years or more took part in a semistructured focus group or interview, and/or completed a survey. Participants were asked about the issues facing older men, well-being and aging, physical health challenges, social support, mental health and help-seeking, and suicide and suicide prevention. Five themes emerged: “finding out we’re not invincible,” “active and tough,” “strong silent types,” “decision makers,” and “right to die.” Participants spoke about masculine norms that had influenced their lives as providers and decision makers, and now influenced how they coped with aging and their journey toward death. For some participants, suicide was seen to be a rational alternative to dependence in their final years. Suicide prevention should adopt a gendered approach and be cognizant of the influence of gender roles and masculinity in older men’s lives. Further research and prevention efforts should be mindful of the impact of masculine norms of self-reliance and control on an older man’s decision to end his life. Suicide prevention efforts should work to reduce stigma around the challenges of aging, maximize opportunities for control, facilitate social connection, and improve residential aged care.
- Published
- 2020
45. Regulation of myosin heavy chain and actin isogenes expression during cardiac growth.
- Author
-
Boheler, K., Carrier, L., Chassagne, C., Bastie, D., Mercadier, J., and Schwartz, K.
- Abstract
The cardiac ventricular myosin heavy chain phenotype is developmentally and hormonally regulated, but less is known concerning the actin phenotype. In this study, the levels of accumulation of α-skeletal and α-cardiac actin mRNAs were investigated in rat and human ventricles by primer extension assays. In rat, the two iso-mRNAs are present in approximately equal amounts from birth until 15 days of age and the cardiac form is predominant in adult and senescent hearts. Hypothyroid development has no effect, at least during the first two weeks of age. In man, the two isoactins are co-expressed to similar ratios in one control heart and in one failing heart. It therefore appears that myosin heavy chain and actin multigene families are both expressed in a species specific fashion but are independently regulated within a species. Preliminary results from nuclear run-on assays are presented that indicate differences in the level of transcription of the α-actin and β-myosin heavy chain isogenes in the rat heart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1991
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Global Trends and Prostate Cancer: A Review of Incidence, Detection, and Mortality as Influenced by Race, Ethnicity, and Geographic Location
- Author
-
Harold Evelyn Taitt
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,men of color ,Race ethnicity ,Health (social science) ,Special populations ,Psa testing ,general health and wellness ,lcsh:Medicine ,Special Section-Cancer Health Disparities ,Global Health ,03 medical and health sciences ,Prostate cancer ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Ethnicity ,Humans ,risk factors ,genetics ,Location ,special populations ,PSA testing ,psychosocial and cultural issues ,business.industry ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Mortality rate ,Incidence ,lcsh:R ,development and aging ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Prostatic Neoplasms ,medicine.disease ,behavioral issues ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,business ,cultural disparity ,Demography - Abstract
Although research has reported that prostate cancer (PCa) incidence and mortality rates are among the highest for African Americans, the data is inconclusive regarding PCa rates in native African men, Black men residing in other countries, and men in Asia, Europe, and the Americas. Data reveals that prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing and disease incidence have risen significantly in developing and Asian countries, and PCa has become one of the leading male cancers in many of those nations. The objective of this study was to review published peer-reviewed studies that address PCa in different regions of the world to get a better understanding of how PCa incidence, prevalence, detection, and mortality are influenced by race, ethnicity, and geography. A secondary goal was to compare PCa data from various world regions to contextualize how disproportionate the incidence and mortality rates are among men from the African diaspora versus men of European, Hispanic, and Asian descent, as well as to highlight the need for more robust screening and treatment guidelines in developing countries. There are differences in incidence and mortality rates between men of African, Asian, Hispanic, and European ancestry, confirming the involvement of genetic factors. However, differences between men of the same race and ethnicity who live in different countries suggest that environmental factors may also be implicated. Availability and access to diagnostic and health-care services as well as recommendations regarding PCa testing vary from country to country and contribute to the variability in incidence and mortality rates.
- Published
- 2018
47. Plasmodium vivax in vitro continuous culture: the spoke in the wheel
- Author
-
Darwin A. Moreno-Pérez, Maritza Bermúdez, Gabriela Arévalo-Pinzón, Manuel A. Patarroyo, and Hernando Curtidor
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Microbiological Techniques ,Reticulocytes ,Plasmodium vivax ,Growth ,Review ,Cell Maturation ,Procedures ,Development And Aging ,Parasite hosting ,Plasmodium Vivax ,Reticulocyte ,Genetics ,Genetic Strain ,biology ,Continuous Culture ,Culture Medium ,Reticulocitos ,Chemistry ,Infectious Diseases ,Parasite Isolation ,Receptor ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,Medios de Cultivo ,Parasite Phenomena And Functions ,Plasmodium falciparum ,Ligand ,Protein Function ,Parasite Development ,Parasite Strain ,Parasite Replication ,lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases ,03 medical and health sciences ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Animals ,lcsh:RC109-216 ,Controlled Study ,Tropism ,Animal ,Parasite Growth ,Genetic strain ,Host Cell ,In vitro culture ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Nonhuman ,Enfermedades ,Malaria ,Culture Media ,030104 developmental biology ,Parasitology ,Microbiological Examination ,Cd71 Antigen ,Target Cell ,Function (biology) - Abstract
Understanding the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax is fundamental for developing strategies aimed at controlling and eliminating this parasitic species. Although advances in omic sciences and high-throughput techniques in recent years have enabled the identification and characterization of proteins which might be participating in P. vivax invasion of target cells, exclusive parasite tropism for invading reticulocytes has become the main obstacle in maintaining a continuous culture for this species. Such advance that would help in defining each parasite protein's function in the complex process of P. vivax invasion, in addition to evaluating new therapeutic agents, is still a dream. Advances related to maintenance, culture medium supplements and the use of different sources of reticulocytes and parasites (strains and isolates) have been made regarding the development of an in vitro culture for P. vivax; however, only some cultures having few replication cycles have been obtained to date, meaning that this parasite's maintenance goes beyond the technical components involved. Although it is still not yet clear which molecular mechanisms P. vivax prefers for invading young CD71+ reticulocytes [early maturation stages (I-II-III)], changes related to membrane proteins remodelling of such cells could form part of the explanation. The most relevant aspects regarding P. vivax in vitro culture and host cell characteristics have been analysed in this review to explain possible reasons why the species' continuous in vitro culture is so difficult to standardize. Some alternatives for P. vivax in vitro culture have also been described. © 2018 The Author(s).
- Published
- 2018
48. Photochemistry beyond the red limit in chlorophyll f–containing photosystems
- Author
-
Nürnberg, D.J.aEmail Author, Morton, J.b, Santabarbara, S.c, Telfer, A.a, Joliot, P.d, Antonaru, L.A.a, Ruban, A.V.e, Cardona, T.a, Krausz, E.c, Boussac, A.f, Fantuzzi, A.aEmail Author, William Rutherford, A, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Australian National University (ANU), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Milano] (CNR), Physiologie membranaire et moléculaire du chloroplaste (PMMC), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut de biologie physico-chimique (IBPC (FR_550)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Queen Mary University of London (QMUL), Research School of Chemistry, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-INBS-0005,FRISBI,Infrastructure Française pour la Biologie Structurale Intégrée(2010), Institut de biologie physico-chimique (IBPC (FR_550)), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,0301 basic medicine ,Chlorophyll ,separation ,Light ,Acaryochloris marina ,OXIDATION ,Photochemistry ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,analogs and derivatives ,wavelength ,biophysics ,Acaryochloris ,pigmentation ,ANGSTROM ,Photosynthesis ,thermoluminescence ,Photosystem ,photochemistry ,Multidisciplinary ,spectral sensitivity ,biology ,development and aging ,unclassified drug ,Multidisciplinary Sciences ,thylakoid membrane protein ,priority journal ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Science & Technology - Other Topics ,PRIMARY ELECTRON-ACCEPTOR ,Chlorophyll a ,photosystem I ,radiation response ,General Science & Technology ,Chlorophyll f ,growth ,solar energy ,ACARYOCHLORIS-MARINA ,chlorophyll f ,chemistry ,Photosystem I ,Cyanobacteria ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,Pigment ,far red light ,cyanobacterium ,pigment ,[CHIM]Chemical Sciences ,nonhuman ,Science & Technology ,Photosystem I Protein Complex ,Chlorophyll A ,excitation ,photosystem II ,Photosystem II Protein Complex ,biology.organism_classification ,light intensity ,Chroococcidiopsis thermalis ,030104 developmental biology ,RESOLUTION ,chemical structure ,metabolism ,AMBIENT ,010606 plant biology & botany - Abstract
Lower-energy photons do the work, too Plants and cyanobacteria use chlorophyll-rich photosystem complexes to convert light energy into chemical energy. Some organisms have developed adaptations to take advantage of longer-wavelength photons. Nürnberg et al. studied photosystem complexes from cyanobacteria grown in the presence of far-red light. The authors identified the primary donor chlorophyll as one of a few chlorophyll molecules in the far-red light–adapted enzymes that were chemically altered to shift their absorption spectrum. Kinetic measurements demonstrated that far-red light is capable of directly driving water oxidation, despite having less energy than the red light used by most photosynthetic organisms. Science , this issue p. 1210
- Published
- 2018
49. The effect of temperature increase on the development of Rhodnius prolixus and the course of Trypanosoma cruzi metacyclogenesis
- Author
-
Juan David Ramírez, Laura D. Tamayo, Felipe Guhl, and Gustavo Adolfo Vallejo
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Male ,Atmospheric Science ,Life Cycles ,Mouse ,Physiology ,Disease transmission ,Growth ,Disease Vectors ,Protozoology ,Parasitemia ,Cell survival ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Climate change ,Protozoans ,Climatology ,biology ,Reproduction ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Temperature ,Eukaryota ,Fecundity ,Rhodnius prolixus ,Insects ,Infectious Diseases ,Rhodnius ,Female ,Protozoan Life Cycles ,Anatomy ,Infection ,Research Article ,Chagas disease ,Trypanosoma ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,Arthropoda ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,Cell Survival ,Trypanosoma cruzi ,Climate Change ,Parasitic Life Cycles ,Trypomastigote ,030231 tropical medicine ,Zoology ,Microbiology ,03 medical and health sciences ,medicine ,Parasitic Diseases ,Animals ,Animal model ,Animal experiment ,Mortality ,Arthropod life cycle stage ,Ovum ,Development and aging ,Parasitic life cycles ,Animal ,Hatching ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Organisms ,Rectum ,Biology and Life Sciences ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,Trypomastigotes ,Nonhuman ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Invertebrates ,Ovary cycle ,Parasitic Protozoans ,Insect Vectors ,Gastrointestinal Tract ,Arthropod vector ,Species Interactions ,030104 developmental biology ,Fertility ,Life cycle stage ,Earth Sciences ,Instar ,Parasitology ,Temperature sensitivity ,Digestive System ,Metacyclogenesis ,Parasitosis ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
The increase in the global land temperature, expected under predictions of climate change, can directly affect the transmission of some infectious diseases, including Chagas disease, an anthropozoonosis caused by Trypanosoma cruzi and transmitted by arthropod vectors of the subfamily Triatominae. This work seeks to study the effects of temperature on the development of the life cycle, fertility and fecundity of the insect vector Rhodnius prolixus and on the metacyclogenesis of T. cruzi. All of the variables were subjected to 3 temperatures: 26°C, 28°C and 30°C. Hatching time was evaluated, along with time to fifth instar, time to adult, fecundity studied using the e-value, and egg viability during the first 3 reproductive cycles. In addition, the amounts of metacyclic trypomastigotes of the TcI and TcII DTUs in R. prolixus were evaluated from days 2 to 20 at two-day intervals and from weeks 6 to 8 post-infection. Decreases were observed in time to hatching (15–10 days on average) and in time to fifth instar (70–60 days on average) and transition to adult (100–85 days on average). No significant differences in egg viability were observed in any of the reproductive cycles evaluated, but an increase in fecundity was observed at 30°C during the third reproductive cycle. At 30°C, there was also an increase in the number of infective forms and a decrease in the time at which metacyclic trypomastigotes were detected in the rectal ampulla of the insects for both TcI and TcII. According to these results, the expected temperature increase under climate change would cause an increase in the number of insects and a greater probability of infection of the parasite, which affects the transmission of Chagas disease., Author summary Chagas disease is an anthropozoonosis caused by the flagellated protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and mainly transmitted through the infected faeces of insects of the subfamily Triatominae. Because these insects are sensitive to climatic conditions, it is expected that disease transmission may be affected by the increase in global land temperature, predicted under climate change. Therefore, we wanted to evaluate the effect of temperature increase on the development, viability of eggs and fertility of R. prolixus, the most important vector insect in Colombia, and on the development of the parasite within this insect. We observed a decrease in the development time of R. prolixus and an increase in the number of infectious forms of T. cruzi in the insect as the temperature increased. These results suggest that if the temperature increases as expected, there may be an increase in the number of insects that can transmit the disease, as well as an increase in the likelihood of infection due to the increase in the number of infectious forms. Our data contributes to the understanding of the possible effects of the expected temperature increase under climate change on Chagas disease transmission and can be used to make predictive models that can more accurately predict the future of Chagas disease.
- Published
- 2018
50. Insect herbivory (Choristoneura fumiferana, Tortricidea) underlies tree population structure (Picea glauca, Pinaceae)
- Author
-
Parent, Geneviève J., Giguère, Isabelle, Germanos, Gaby, Lamara, Mebarek, Bauce, Éric, MacKay, John J., Parent, Geneviève J., Giguère, Isabelle, Germanos, Gaby, Lamara, Mebarek, Bauce, Éric, and MacKay, John J.
- Abstract
Variation in insect herbivory can lead to population structure in plant hosts as indicated by defence traits. In annual herbaceous, defence traits may vary between geographic areas but evidence of such patterns is lacking for long-lived species. This may result from the variety of selection pressures from herbivores, long distance gene flow, genome properties, and lack of research. We investigated the antagonistic interaction between white spruce (Picea glauca) and spruce budworm (SBW, Choristoneura fumiferana) the most devastating forest insect of eastern North America in common garden experiments. White spruces that are able to resist SBW attack were reported to accumulate the acetophenones piceol and pungenol constitutively in their foliage. We show that levels of these acetophenones and transcripts of the gene responsible for their release is highly heritable and that their accumulation is synchronized with the most devastating stage of SBW. Piceol and pungenol concentrations negatively correlate with rate of development in female SBW and follow a non-random geographic variation pattern that is partially explained by historical damage from SBW and temperature. Our results show that accumulation of acetophenones is an efficient resistance mechanism against SBW in white spruce and that insects can affect population structure of a long-lived plant.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.