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The tourism area life cycle is used to map the changes within the tourism destination on a temporal basis. The paper reviews the literature on the tourism area life cycle from 2003-2020. Articles appearing in journals having a cite score of 1.0 or higher were considered for the review process. The paper uses a structured review methodology and a widely accepted technique of content analysis to review the articles. The tourism area life cycle, as a concept, has traced its lifecycle. However, the use of the tourism area life cycle for tourism planning and strategy analysis is lacking. The authors recommend tourism area life cycle based research on macro-environmental and tourism-specific factors to identify strategies at the destination. Ex-post-facto research seeks to reveal the correlational relationship between the variables responsible for destination development. The paper also suggests tourism area life cycle research on accommodation units, restaurants, transport, infrastructure, market segments, and tourism attractions.

The significance of tourism in the development of regions has become of interest to academics in recent decades and its contribution is evident. The rapid tourism development is creating pressure on the destination’s competitiveness, as well as on its sustainable development. The Tatra Euroregion has been connecting two nationalities for decades via joint activities that develop the region by strengthening tourism. However, little attention is given to developing the Euroregion by way of tourism. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to identify whether the development of tourism in this Euroregion will be sustainable in the future, which can be fulfilled by answering two research questions, RQ1: What is the current state of tourism development in the Tatra Euroregion? and RQ2: Is the further development of tourism in the Tatra Euroregion subject to the principle of sustainability? We will answer the questions by analysing statistical data and documents that describe the cooperation activities within the Euroregion. The paper contributes to the analysis of cross-border cooperation within the Euroregion, as well as to research in the field of regional development with sustainable tourism, which is determined by the life cycle of the destination.

The framework of the present study was the destination life cycle model, a classical model that describes the development of tourist destinations. We examined mass tourism in Benidorm based on tourist accommodation supply and demand statistics over the January 2016 to October 2018 period, provided by Spain's National Institute for Statistics. The objective was to analyze the life cycle and competitiveness of Benidorm's tourism system and interpret whether the tourism product was sustainable and at what stage in the cycle Benidorm is currently in. To do this, we used Smarta software, which, based on network analysis, enables to interpret the system's virtuous cycles and analyze causality by observing relationship patterns in the system's attractors, thus complementing typical processing based on causal maps and the study of social networks. The results obtained by this application (which has been developed by our research team) show six sets of attractors that mark the trends of the tourist system. Finally, the analysis of the significant variables of these attractors has helped us to justify that the tourist system of Benidorm is in the rejuvenation phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Galician Journal of Economics / Revista Galega de Economía is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Destination Life Cycle concept explains how a destination, resort, ora product develops over time and the successive stages it passes through. It also identifies the present stage a destination, resort or a product lie in its life cycle. The paperaims at identifying the stage of the Destination Life Cycle beach shacks lie at present in the State of Goabased on five selected parameters. It also evaluates the profitability of shacks in each stage of the destination life cycle. Beach shacks in the State of Goaare seasonal restaurants, located on the beach, serving food and beverages to the tourists. The study is quantitative in nature, based on a random sample of 250 shacks from a population of 400, collected during the months of October 2018 to May 2019 using structured questionnaire. The statistical tools used are Additive Point’sscoring technique and one-way ANOVA. The findings indicate that beach shacks lie in the Development Stage of the Destination Life Cycle and are earning the maximum profit in its Stagnation Stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper demonstrates the complex issue of the life cycle and renewal of destinations by the example of a destination in Hungary. These days, due to the ever increasing competition among destinations both in domestic and international markets, this is the central issue in the development and management of destinations, especially where recreational and excursionist functions are dominant. The target area chosen can be found in the hinterland of a regional centre, where, in addition to recreational functions, the repositioning efforts of the last ten years led to the more and more important role of sport tourism and supplementary tourism products like ecotourism, heritage tourism and festival tourism. This versatility means another challenge for the actors of the destination, as the main pillars of the renewal of the destination concern all actors in the destination (inhabitants, non-governmental organisations, service providers, and local authority) in some way. During the research thus authors also carried out a questionnaire survey with the local stakeholders (inhabitants, local authority and actors interested in tourism, e.g. holiday home owners, service providers), in addition to the processing of secondary data sources.

This study examined a proposed model of resident support for tourism development among selected tourism development stages. The proposed model depicts the relationships among perceptions of tourism impact, tourism-related community quality of life (TCQOL), and resident support for tourism development. Considering the characteristics of island tourism and reviewed tourist arrivals database from 1986 to 2012, three tourism islands in Taiwan (Little Liuqiu, Orchid Island, and Green Island, which represent the growth, rejuvenation, and decline stages respectively) were selected. In total, 376 valid questionnaires were analyzed using path analysis with the observed variables (PA-OV) technique by AMOS. The results illustrated that the relationships among tourism impact, TCQOL, and tourism support vary among tourism development stages. In this study, the concept of destination life cycle was used to elucidate the associations among tourism development stages, tourism impact, TCQOL, and resident support for tourism development.

This study investigates the relationship between sensory impressions and perceived value in explaining the behavior of floating market tourists. It also explores whether the effects of sensory elements and perceived value on the behavioral responses of tourists differ among the three stages of destination development. Integrated generalized structured component analysis and multigroup analysis are performed to verify the conceptual model. The findings of this work enhance the understanding of the floating market, which is a popular tourist destination worldwide. Based on these findings, theoretical and practical implications are presented from the perspective of tourist sensory experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Market diversification, one critical means by which tourism-dependent small island states can maintain sector resilience and destination life cycle stability, requires understanding of the destination loyalty of strategic new inbound markets such as China. An online survey of 1260 Chinese adults with previous travel experience to the Maldives identified positive proclivities with respect to revisitation and recommendation intentions as well as agreement that Chinese visitors were well catered for. Sample diversity, however, was demonstrated by cluster analysis, which revealed dominant 'highly loyal' (31.2%) and 'loyal' (37.1%) segments along with specialized clusters ambivalent about the catering (14.3%) or the revisitation intent (17.4%). Loyalty was strongly associated with older, married and higher income visitors who were aware that the Maldives is an Islamic country and who included the capital city of Male in their itinerary. Such information is invaluable for assisting target marketing and product development strategies, but situates in a context of bilateral asymmetry in which the Chinese government can destabilize small island tourism through decisions that curtail visitation by otherwise loyal residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of TURyDES is the property of TURYDES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article demonstrates the complex issue of the life cycle and renewal of destinations through the example of a destination in Hungary. These days, due to the ever-increasing competition among destinations both in domestic and international markets, this is the central issue in the development and management of destinations, especially where recreational and excursionist functions are dominant. The target area chosen can be found in the hinterland of a regional centre (Pécs), where, in addition to recreational functions, the repositioning efforts of the last ten years led to the more and more important role of sport tourism and supplementary tourism products like ecotourism, heritage tourism, and festival tourism. This versatility provides another challenge for the actors of the destination, as the main pillars of the renewal of the destination concern all actors in the destination (inhabitants, non-governmental organisations, service providers, and municipal self-government) in some way. During the research we thus also carried out a questionnaire survey with the local stakeholders (inhabitants and municipal self-government) and actors interested in tourism (holiday home owners, service providers), in addition to the processing of secondary data sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research studies destination choice based on Plog's venturesomeness concept, incorporating the effects of four consumption needs from the theory of market choice behavior. An empirical test in the context of destinations in two stages of Butler's tourism area life cycle (TALC) showed that venturesomeness does not predict behavioral intentions as postulated by Plog. However, results demonstrated that epistemic and emotional (functional and social) needs are predictors of preference for novel (mature) destinations, supporting the original conceptualization of Plog's psychographic framework. The findings shed light on a long-time debated model in the tourism literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined a proposed model of resident support for tourism development among selected tourism development stages. The proposed model depicts the relationships among perceptions of tourism impact, tourism-related community quality of life (TCQOL), and resident support for tourism development. Considering the characteristics of island tourism and reviewed tourist arrivals database from 1986 to 2012, three tourism islands in Taiwan (Little Liuqiu, Orchid Island, and Green Island, which represent the growth, rejuvenation, and decline stages respectively) were selected. In total, 376 valid questionnaires were analyzed using path analysis with the observed variables (PA-OV) technique by AMOS. The results illustrated that the relationships among tourism impact, TCQOL, and tourism support vary among tourism development stages. In this study, the concept of destination life cycle was used to elucidate the associations among tourism development stages, tourism impact, TCQOL, and resident support for tourism development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relationship between urban development and tourism is a significant process in Europe today. Development of tourism has caused many organizational changes in urban environment. In the middle of the 20th century cultural and historical heritage in the cities was impetus of development of tourism in European cities. Nowadays, in many European cities tourism is recognized as a mean of further economic development. Strategy of polycentricity, outlined in European spatial development perspective is supporting that process, too. Many tourist centres and metropolitan tourist areas have been developed. In the period from 1996. to 2007. number of visitors in European cultural capitals was growing continuously by rate of 25,6%. In the same period, the number of international tourist arrivals increased by rate of only 7%.

The purpose of this study is to classify residents into separate groups based on their perceptions of the impacts of tourism development on their community as they relate to economic, social, cultural, environmental, and public service factors, and to identify similarities and differences among these groups. Using data collected from residents of two communities that are new to tourism development, a factor-cluster approach was utilized to identify four groups of residents. The “public service and environment focused group” was mostly concerned with the availability of amenities, facilities, and environmental issues; the “community focused group” was generally concerned with the social and cultural impacts; the “community–public service and environment focused group” comprised those individuals who considered both sets of issues; and the “inconsequential group” included individuals who did not have any specific concerns about the impacts of tourism development. A descriptive profile of each group and the significant differences among groups are provided. Based on the findings, implications for developers and policy makers are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Travel & Hospitality Management / Seyahat ve Otel İşletmeciliği Dergisi is the property of SIMEDYA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wine tourism has emerged as a strategic development option for many destinations, including two regions in Croatia. It requires the emergence of a tourism and hospitality orientation, significant private and public capital investment, and a willingness on the part of winery owners to adapt to visitor needs and demands. The aim of this article is to critically examine the emergence of wine tourism in two Croatian wine regions and assess related life-cycle implications. Winery owners' perceptions of and attitudes toward wine tourism are specifically examined, employing interviews and a questionnaire. Recommendations are made for developing the potential of the Croatian wine regions, and for advancement of the wine tourism destination life-cycle concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As tourism is becoming one of the most important sectors of the world economy, the number of small islands trying to develop a competitive tourist activity is increasing and this strategy appears as growth enhancing. In most cases, it relies on the environmental quality of the destination, but also on lodging infrastructures and related services that tourists deserve in order to enjoy a good experience. This paper explores the intertemporal trade-off between investments and environmental quality preservation needed to ensure tourism profitability in the long run. It highlights the possible cyclical evolution of environmental quality, tourist infrastructures, investments and visitor numbers, considering both the central planner and the market solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the impact of the Bali bombings on international visitor arrivals in Bali and compares this crisis with previous crises with reference to Butler's hypothetical tourism area life cycle. The paper demonstrates that the Bali bombings had by far the greatest impact on international tourism visitation than any other crisis in the island's history. Such was the severity of the decline in Bali that both national and local measures were taken to restore confidence. Important though these measures were, they do not fully account for the strong resurgence in international arrivals, suggesting that the destination has not yet reached consolidation in accordance with Butler's hypothesis and that the strength of the resurgence owes much to the underlying trend of the development phase associated with the general picture proposed by Butler. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research note raises some questions about the validity of Plog's life cycle model. The core thesis of the model is that destination life cycle corresponds to the evolution of markets from allocentric/venturer to psychocentric/dependable. The allocentric discovers a destination, and it experiences growth as, first, near allocentrics and then allocentric-leaning midcentrics visit. However, once a mythical threshold between allocentric-leaning and psychocentric-leaning midcentrics is passed, the destination will enter decline, as it can draw visitors from an increasingly smaller pool of tourists. This research note argues each market drawn to a destination has its own unique relationship, and as such, a destination could he seen to exist at multiple stages along the Plog continuum simultaneously. Further, the model ignores the significant moderating effects of physical and cultural distance. Finally, many psychocentric destinations appear to be thriving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a tourist destination approaches senescence, decisions may be taken to expand, rebuild or reposition the product. However, this is often destructive of the resource, particularly where the attraction stems from natural or cultural assets. This paper examines the problem of sustaining tourism in cultural and natural environments. It argues for recognition that growth is sporadic, necessitating a shift in tourism planning and management from outcome focused to process oriented, through mutual adjustment between stakeholders. This requires greater consideration of the relationship between product and the market, asset and host community dynamic. This change in perspective is examined using an episodic model of destination growth and illustrated with data from Boracay Island, Philippines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theoretical impact of a large conventional modern war upon a tourist destination is considered within the context of destination life-cycle dynamics. When the resultant war-distorted curve is compared against Butler's S-curve, a demand deficit is apparent in the early phases of the model. After about 30 years, the conversion of battle sites into attractions, and the return of veterans as visitors, results in a demand surplus. This ‘war dividend’ then continues for an indefinite period into the future. The proposed model is accompanied by a series of relevant corollaries that take into account magnitude, as well as spatial and temporal variations in the possible war scenarios. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the research presented here was to empirically assess resident perceptions of tourism development around the Changbai Mountain Biosphere Reserve (CMBR), a protected area straddling the China and North Korea border. Several theoretical approaches to the assessment of local resident attitudes towards tourism were reviewed and integrated into a novel factor-cluster assessment of residents in Erdaobaihe, the community most adjacent to CMBR. This analysis quantitatively grouped residents based on their perceptions of tourism's economic, social, cultural, and environmental consequences for the town. An exploratory factor analysis of resident perceptual items first revealed six perception domains, and a subsequent cluster analysis then identified four distinct groups of residents based on these perceptions. A descriptive profile of each cluster and the significant differences among clusters are provided. Advancing our theoretical understanding of resident perspectives of tourism development, this cluster-based segmentation approach, demonstrated here, holds much promise for elaborating on the many ways that residents respond to new and long-standing forms of tourism in their communities. These theoretical and methodological contributions will be applicable to scholars as well as tourism practitioners and policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The slow tourism movement is gaining popularity as more destinations focus on the local environment and heritage experience. The approach to slow tourism usually occurs either when traditional destinations exhaust their life cycle with an evident reduction in sustainability, or when newly emerging destinations decide to develop in this way. The case of Madeira is different; the island has several decades of tourism development without excessive pressure or overcrowding, and in planning for the future it wants to sustain these conditions. Seeking to understand Madeira's perception of the development model, we surveyed entrepreneurs in Madeira's lodging, restaurant and bar, shopping, transportation, intermediation, and tourist activity industries, as well as its public sector. Even without having encountered the popularized the ideas of slow tourism, Madeira's tourism entrepreneurs show significant alignment with the values of quieter tourism. In contrast to its mature counterparts (i.e., Europe's other popular sun and beach destinations), for Madeira it is not a question of destroying or rehabilitating, but rather of continuing sustainable development processes. Our results suggest that although slow tourism is typically a reaction to a very advanced phase of the life cycle, it can be the result of an endogenous impulse, as is true for Madeira. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study makes two important contributions to the existing literature. On the one hand, it investigated tourism impacts as perceived by residents in two important historic cities in India (Puri and Varanasi). On the other hand, it analysed residents’ perceived tourism impacts in relation to their evaluation of stage of destination development. A survey collected valid responses from 570 local residents, who display a high level of agreement concerning the positive economic and sociocultural contributions of tourism. Despite environmental concerns, respondents wish to attract more tourists and further develop infrastructure for tourism. Residents who perceive tourism to be in the development and full development/stagnation stages agree more strongly than those who consider tourism to be in the beginning stage that it increases employment opportunities and seasonality and stipulates cultural activities. In contrast, those who think tourism is in the beginning stage are more concerned about environmental pollution and thus advocate restrictions on the industry. Implications are suggested for tourism research, policy making, and planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]