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With the growing prevalence of digital platforms for online shopping, advertising, and marketing activities in general, it is imperative to better understand how designs of virtual elements on digital interfaces influence click behavior. Websites and online advertisements contain virtual elements such as call-to-action buttons, images, and logos. This research examines how curved versus sharp angled shapes of virtual elements in online ads and on websites influence click-through rates (CTRs). The findings of a series of studies, including three field experiments and an eye tracking study, show that website and online ad elements in curved (vs. sharp angled) shapes generate higher CTRs. Process evidence suggests that curved (vs. sharp angled) digital elements enhance visual appeal, leading to approach motivation and greater CTR. In terms of practical implications, the findings of this research have strong relevance for designing online ads and website interfaces and for digital marketing strategies. Specifically, digital marketers desiring higher click rates would benefit from having more curved (than sharp angled) virtual elements on websites and in online ads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Achieving zero-energy targets in residential buildings is challenging due to improper energy design and the selection of energy-related systems. Moreover, the absence of benchmarks for zero-energy residential buildings, along with the scarcity of studies tailored to diverse climates and building characteristics, highlights the urgent need for further research. This study aimed to address these gaps by designing zero-energy buildings to suit diverse climate zones in Jordan, acting as benchmarks to enhance energy efficiency and promote renewable energy use in the residential sector. Methods: Energy simulation tools were employed to design and verify zero-energy systems. The energy use intensity (EUI) results from the IDA ICE tool were compared with the reported targets and OpenStudio tool outcomes, ensuring that deviations among the proposed designs within the same climate zone consistently remained within acceptable limits, averaging 2, 1, and 1 kWh/m2 year in 1B (very hot dry), 2B (hot dry), and 3B (warm dry), respectively. Additionally, an economic evaluation was conducted by comparing the cost estimates of a Jordanian code-compliant house and the most acceptable proposed zero-energy design. Results: The proposed designs exhibited average EUI values of 64.4, 64, and 60 kWh/m2 in diverse climate zones. Outperforming typical Jordanian houses by 56%, 55%, and 60% in 1B, 2B, and 3B, respectively, these designs surpassed national and international benchmarks by at least 35%. Notably, the proposed zero-energy designs achieved substantial cost savings of 1938 USD, equivalent to 11 USD per square meter, throughout the construction phase. Conclusions: Considering Jordan's ambitious energy strategy for 2030 and the significant energy consumption in the residential sector, the proposed zero-energy building designs play a crucial role in advancing the national transition towards zero-energy buildings. This study provides valuable insights by presenting precise designs, benchmarks, and a comprehensive guide tailored to Jordan's distinctive building and climate characteristics with potential applications beyond its immediate context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Achieving zero-energy targets in residential buildings is challenging due to improper energy design and the selection of energy-related systems. Moreover, the absence of benchmarks for zero-energy residential buildings, along with the scarcity of studies tailored to diverse climates and building characteristics, highlights the urgent need for further research. This study aimed to address these gaps by designing zero-energy buildings to suit diverse climate zones in Jordan, acting as benchmarks to enhance energy efficiency and promote renewable energy use in the residential sector. Methods Energy simulation tools were employed to design and verify zero-energy systems. The energy use intensity (EUI) results from the IDA ICE tool were compared with the reported targets and OpenStudio tool outcomes, ensuring that deviations among the proposed designs within the same climate zone consistently remained within acceptable limits, averaging 2, 1, and 1 kWh/m2 year in 1B (very hot dry), 2B (hot dry), and 3B (warm dry), respectively. Additionally, an economic evaluation was conducted by comparing the cost estimates of a Jordanian code-compliant house and the most acceptable proposed zero-energy design. Results The proposed designs exhibited average EUI values of 64.4, 64, and 60 kWh/m2 in diverse climate zones. Outperforming typical Jordanian houses by 56%, 55%, and 60% in 1B, 2B, and 3B, respectively, these designs surpassed national and international benchmarks by at least 35%. Notably, the proposed zero-energy designs achieved substantial cost savings of 1938 USD, equivalent to 11 USD per square meter, throughout the construction phase. Conclusions Considering Jordan’s ambitious energy strategy for 2030 and the significant energy consumption in the residential sector, the proposed zero-energy building designs play a crucial role in advancing the national transition towards zero-energy buildings. This study provides valuable insights by presenting precise designs, benchmarks, and a comprehensive guide tailored to Jordan’s distinctive building and climate characteristics with potential applications beyond its immediate context.

The rank of adjacency matrix plays an important role in construction of linear codes from a directed strongly regular graph using different techniques, namely, code orthogonality, adjacency matrix determinant and adjacency matrix spectrum. The problem of computing the dimensions of such codes is an intriguing one. Several conjectures to determine the rank of adjacency matrix of a DSRG Γ over a finite field, keep researchers working in this area. To address the same to an extent, we have considered the problem of finding the rank over a finite field of the adjacency matrix of a DSRG Γ (v , k , t , λ , μ) with μ = 1 , including some mixed Moore graphs and corresponding codes arising from them, in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vertical gardens (VG) applies plant growth to various wall media and/or other vertical surfaces. In Banda Aceh City, these urban greening innovations are beginning to create trends as they boost building esthetics. The objectives of this research were to identify the various types of vertical gardens and to analyze people's preferences, including the design and variety of plants used in these types of vertical gardens, between January and September 2022 in nine sub-districts of Banda Aceh City, Aceh Province, Indonesia. The research method involved an exploratory survey of the entire city where VG was applied in various public spaces, private and public organizations, residential housing, hotels, mosques, various business culinary, and cafeterias. Data on garden preferences were collected and analyzed using descriptive methodology, and the Shannon-Wiener Formula was used to examine the species diversity index. From a total of 166 documented gardens and 150 sample locations where vertical gardens were observed, 66 plant species were discovered. Vertical gardens are most frequently used in residential housing. Ficus pumilla (dollar creeper) is the plant most frequently used by the community, and green facades are the most common style of vertical garden design applications. In the nine sub-districts, the highest diversity index was found in the Syiah Kuala Sub-district with H' 2.9, and the lowest diversity index was found in the Kuta Raja subdistrict with H’ 1.2. Based on plant function, there were 43 species of ornamental plants, 13 species of flowering plants, 7 species of fruitful plants, and 3 species of herbs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine the role of population density and accessibility in shaping innovation intensity in the 32,000 lower super output areas (LSOAs) in England. Our analysis focuses on firms' registered intellectual property – patents, trademarks and registered designs – and using spatial autoregression models suggests four key results. We find a positive relationship between population density and innovation intensity, a consistent negative relationship between longer journey times to the nearest town centre and innovation intensity, and a strong interaction effect between population density and accessibility. Finally, we find strong evidence of local innovation spillovers reflecting either competition or demonstration effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This chapter explores the evolving trends in contemporary electronic module designs and assembly technologies. The enhancement of computer technology and digital communication tools, coupled with the escalation in the operational speed of the elemental base, hinges directly on the reduction of signal transmission length between logical elements, i.e., the constructive delay of the transmitted signal. Interconnection technology, crucial for bridging the microcosm of semiconductor chips with the external world of electronic devices, emerges as pivotal for producing viable products. We provide a comprehensive classification and discussion of assembly connection designs, employing methods involving direct material contact under the influence of pressure, heat, and physical impact in various combinations. Intermediate materials such as solder, microwires, and conductive adhesives are utilized in these processes. Special emphasis is placed on surface mounting of electronic components, COB assembly technology, Flip Chip, BGA, and the assembly of multichip electronic modules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deafblindness is complex, and there is very limited research on literacy for learners who are deafblind, including on comprehension. This study investigated current practices for comprehension development for learners who are deafblind. Data were collected through a survey and interviews from 63 U.S. participants who were teachers, interveners, and parents. Thematic analysis resulted in the emergence of themes and strategies related to supporting and measuring comprehension during shared reading for learners who are deafblind. Strategies for supporting comprehension include multiple communication forms, customizing the text, repeating, exploring materials, and integrating technology. For measuring comprehension strategies include questioning, completing phrases, commenting and discussing, retelling, sequencing, and extension activities. Implications for research include future investigations on the effectiveness of the strategies currently reported to support and measure comprehension. Implications for practice include developing understanding by supporting communication and access during shared reading while using multiple measures of comprehension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soft robots claim the architecture of actuators, sensors, and computation demands with their soft bodies by obtaining fast responses and adapting to the environment. Sensory-motor coordination is one of the main design principles utilized for soft robots because it allows the capability to sense and actuate mutually in the environment, thereby achieving rapid response performance. This work intends to study the response for a system that presents coupled actuation and sensing functions simultaneously and is integrated in an arbitrary elastic structure with ionic conduction elements, called as soft sensory-motor system based on ionic solution (SSMS-IS). This study provides a comparative analysis of the performance of SSMS-IS prototypes with three diverse designs: toroidal, semi-toroidal, and rectangular geometries, based on a series of performance experiments, such as sensitivity, drift, and durability. The design with the best performance was the rectangular SSMS-IS using silicon rubber RPRO20 for both internal and external pressures applied in the system. Moreover, this work explores the performance of a bioinspired soft robot using rectangular SSMS-IS elements integrated in its body. Further, it investigated the feasibility of the robot to adapt its morphology online for environment variability, responding to external stimuli from the environment with different levels of stiffness and damping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of tortoise‐inspired locomotion on enhancing energy efficiency in legged robots. Tortoises, known for their high locomotion efficiency, provide a unique model for robot and gait design, where their specific gait and posture significantly contribute to energy efficiency. This study hypothesizes that the gait and belly‐dragging posture of tortoises can improve the energy efficiency of robots. To test this hypothesis, a quadruped robot mimicking these tortoise characteristics is developed, utilizing the cost of transport (CoT) as a measure of energy efficiency. Dynamic simulations and real‐world experiments are conducted, varying parameters like robot size, mass, friction coefficient, and Froude number, to validate the generality of the findings. The results indicate that both belly dragging, a postural characteristic of tortoises, and their diagonal gait significantly lower the robot's CoT. This suggests that the energy‐efficient locomotion of tortoises, specifically the diagonal gait with belly dragging, is transferable to robotic platforms to enhance energy efficiency. The tortoise‐inspired robot design offers significant potential in applications such as search and rescue operations, space exploration, and payload transportation. Furthermore, the tortoise‐inspired locomotion strategy can be effectively integrated with other research focusing on energy efficiency improvements through mechanical structures or control strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractAlthough there are methods that relate a set of repeated observed variables to the fit of structural equation models, there are some deficiencies in the quality-of-fit indexes proposed in the literature, as they do not include characteristics of data with repeated observed variables. Thus, this study aims to propose an improvement in the GFI and AGFI indexes by incorporating a correction that considers repetitions in the observed variables. Several designs are considered to validate this proposal as a function of the criteria that determine the quality of fit, as well as the presence of outliers. In this context, the improvement is given to the indexes built in the least square and likelihood approaches, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared with conventional indexes using the Monte Carlo simulation. The improvement of the GFI and AGFI indexes to incorporate the effect of repetitions of the observed variables was promising, as it presented robustness properties relative to the presence of outliers and showed diagnostic evidence of a model with good and poor fit. It is recommended to use up to four repetitions to avoid numerical problems when computing the index estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evaluation is a vast field of designs and methods in continuous development. The numerous parameters and choices associated with different methodological options can be difficult to fully understand without deep study and desk review. Purpose: The motivation for the Periodic Table of Evaluation was to create a one-pager visual to catalogue methodological options and parameters involved in an evaluation design. Setting: Not applicable. Intervention: Not applicable. Research Design: Not applicable. Data Collection and Analysis: Not applicable. Findings: Not applicable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Designs on Ankara fabric and the use and styles to which the fabric is put in West Africa reflect socio-historical, politico-cultural, and other contemporary issues, including the occurrence of the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) which is a very new occurrence, and which has not been studied. This study, therefore, pioneeringly examined imagery of COVID-19 pandemic in Ankara textiles and clothing in West Africa with the aim of providing detailed accounts of the pandemic experiences and the peoples' corollary artistic responses. The study was based on material and non-material field data collected in 2021. Thematic, iconographic, and iconological analysis of samples of Ankara fabrics revealed that designs and colours on Ankara of around the COVID-19 lockdown period are thematically about the lockdown experiences and that the fabric was fashioned into face masks of various styles. Moreover, and beyond designs some Ankara products were chemically treated as antivirus by the producers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excessive changes in factor levels can lead to a high cost in practice and hinder the conduction of experiments, in addition to adding a higher computational cost and loss of the orthogonality property, resulting in numerical problems in estimating the parameters of a model. The sequential specification of experimental points, seen as treatments in a 2k factorial design, results in a high-order bias in some factors, which is caused by the accumulation of −1 or +1 signals. This study aimed to propose new designs generated by the simulated annealing technique, respecting the main A-optimal and D-optimal optimality criteria as random execution orders that minimize the order bias. This approach allowed the generation of 24 and 25 factorials, which were compared to the designs in standard order. The simulated annealing technique is a viable method to generate optimal designs with the same efficiency as the usual designs to obtain A-optimal and D-optimal designs with new execution orders, which minimize the effect of order bias relative to standard order designs. Regarding efficiency, the generated designs were precise in the variance of model parameter estimates, similar to the original designs.

Background/objectives: Frailty is a significant clinical and public health concern. This study determined the prevalence, association and correlation of frailty with sociodemographic and health-related factors among out-patient elderly persons. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in tertiary healthcare facilities in Southeastern geopolitical zone of Nigeria from March 2023 to May 2023. A total of 500 elderly persons were conveniently surveyed. Data were collected using an adapted instrument called Frailty and Fall Assessment Questionnaire (FFAQ) which demonstrated 0.79 internal consistency. The IBM SPSS version 22 was used for statistical analysis. Frequency, percentage, odds ratio statistics and chi-square test were used for data analysis. Results were significant at p value ≤ 0.05. Results: Out of 500 eligible participants, 13 (2.6 %) declined and 11(2.2 %) provided biased answers. A total of 476(95.2 %) valid responses were analysed. The prevalence of frailty among elderly was 40.8 %, prefrailty 40.8 % and robust 18.5 %. Frailty, prefrailty and robust were associated with sex and education (p value 0.05). In the odds ratio analysis, frailty and prefrailty were positively correlated with education (OR≥1) while a negative correlation was observed with age (OR≤1) respectively. Conclusion: Approximately half of the elderly population is frail and prefrail, with less than one-quarter being robust. With the increase in the elderly population, the prevalence of frailty is expected to increase. Frailty is significantly associated and correlated with variables. Reliable community-based interventions with the combined efforts of professionals are crucial for reversing, preventing and managing frailty in the geriatric population.

Oral administration, as a traditional approach of taking therapeutic drugs, is easily accepted by patients due to its convenience and compliance. However, the harsh digestive environment and mucosa‐epithelial cell barriers limit the absorption of drugs through the oral route, particularly for biomacromolecules such as protein, peptide, or nucleic acid drugs. To address this issue, active carriers such as micro/nanomotors and mechanical devices have been engineered as novel delivery systems that are capable of converting various energy into mechanical force. The active delivery of these carriers holds promise for overcoming absorptive barriers and improving drug delivery efficiency, making them an attractive option for precision medicine applications that include drug delivery, gene and cell therapy, biopsy, tissue penetration, intracellular delivery, and biosensing. This article presents an overview of the progress and challenges associated with orally delivering macromolecular drugs, as well as strategies to enhance drug absorption. Additionally, it discusses recent developments and potential applications of active carriers in drug delivery and related fields, which may provide inspiration for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the effect of tortoise‐inspired locomotion on enhancing energy efficiency in legged robots. Tortoises, known for their high locomotion efficiency, provide a unique model for robot and gait design, where their specific gait and posture significantly contribute to energy efficiency. This study hypothesizes that the gait and belly‐dragging posture of tortoises can improve the energy efficiency of robots. To test this hypothesis, a quadruped robot mimicking these tortoise characteristics is developed, utilizing the cost of transport (CoT) as a measure of energy efficiency. Dynamic simulations and real‐world experiments are conducted, varying parameters like robot size, mass, friction coefficient, and Froude number, to validate the generality of the findings. The results indicate that both belly dragging, a postural characteristic of tortoises, and their diagonal gait significantly lower the robot's CoT. This suggests that the energy‐efficient locomotion of tortoises, specifically the diagonal gait with belly dragging, is transferable to robotic platforms to enhance energy efficiency. The tortoise‐inspired robot design offers significant potential in applications such as search and rescue operations, space exploration, and payload transportation. Furthermore, the tortoise‐inspired locomotion strategy can be effectively integrated with other research focusing on energy efficiency improvements through mechanical structures or control strategies.

Dental veneers are constructed from different materials such as porcelain, pressed ceramic, processed composite, or directly applied composite.The purpose of this study was to ascertain the preferred dental materials for veneers and the knowledge about its procedures by dentists in the Kurdistan region/Erbil city

Oral administration, as a traditional approach of taking therapeutic drugs, is easily accepted by patients due to its convenience and compliance. However, the harsh digestive environment and mucosa‐epithelial cell barriers limit the absorption of drugs through the oral route, particularly for biomacromolecules such as protein, peptide, or nucleic acid drugs. To address this issue, active carriers such as micro/nanomotors and mechanical devices have been engineered as novel delivery systems that are capable of converting various energy into mechanical force. The active delivery of these carriers holds promise for overcoming absorptive barriers and improving drug delivery efficiency, making them an attractive option for precision medicine applications that include drug delivery, gene and cell therapy, biopsy, tissue penetration, intracellular delivery, and biosensing. This article presents an overview of the progress and challenges associated with orally delivering macromolecular drugs, as well as strategies to enhance drug absorption. Additionally, it discusses recent developments and potential applications of active carriers in drug delivery and related fields, which may provide inspiration for future research.

Ankle–foot orthoses (AFOs) assist patients with gait impairment by correcting ankle and foot deformities, restoring mobility, reducing pain, and providing protection and immobilization. AFOs can effectively manage various types of gait pathologies, including foot drop, crouch gait, equinus gait, and stiff knee gait. AFOs are available in prefabricated or custom‐made forms in various designs. The selection criteria for the fabrication of an AFO are the duration of usage, the amount of applied force, the degree of axial loading, the patient's skin condition, and the cost. The accessibility of diverse materials in the last century has significantly improved orthoses. Ideal orthotic materials must be light, stiff, and strong, and can be made of plastics, metals, polymer‐based composites, leather, or a hybrid of different materials. A deeper understanding of the materials employed in the fabrication of AFOs holds the potential for more advanced and efficient orthoses, which can improve patients' ability to ambulate in the real world. The present review provides insight into the various materials utilized for the fabrication of AFOs and describes the benefits and challenges associated with the materials. An attempt has also been made to highlight typical gait pathologies and design concepts in response to them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Intellectual Property Law / Revista Română de Dreptul Proprietăţii Intelectuale is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Communication is the key tool to success. When it comes to healthcare communication, there is a vast gap between medical professionals and patients especially people with a lesser education and people belonging to rural areas. Communication is very much essential in providing quality medical care and content to patients. The effect of the languages and the scientific terms used by medical professionals becomes difficult for the common audience to understand; hence, the understanding gap also increases. This study demonstrates how language becomes a hurdle in healthcare communication depending on the location or locality of the hospital. The main objective of this research paper is to find how language becomes a barrier in health communication depending on the location of the hospital and the communication challenges experienced by rural and urban audiences in hospitals. It will also focus on how infographic designs can help the audience in reducing the communication gap in understanding healthcare information. We have collected 300 samples from 20 different hospitals from both Rural & Urban areas of Jaipur-I City, Rajasthan India. The paper also highlights some of the challenges posed by the language barrier and recommends a few suggestions. This research finding indicates that the language barrier in health communication can be minimized with the use of infographic designs for communication with the audience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín del Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino is the property of Museo Chileno de Arte Precolombino and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Zero‐excess Li metal batteries (ZELMBs), in which a Li‐anode is formed in situ during charging, have received much attention in recent years. ZELMBs bear great potential to increase energy density and facilitate battery production, thereby reducing cost as well as material and energy consumption. Practical application of ZELMBs has so far been limited by challenges related to the non‐uniform deposition behavior of Li, leading to inadequate performance and safety concerns. To address these issues, promising approaches have been developed in recent years, including modifications of the current collector, electrolyte, and cycling protocols. While these approaches improve the long‐term stability of ZELMB, they also reduce the energy density by introducing inactive materials into the cell. Herein, critical design criteria for the various optimization approaches in ZELMB research are established. Nominal volumetric and gravimetric energy densities are determined based on the degree of modification. Thresholds are determined for each of the strategies at which the energy density gain of ZELMB vanishes compared to other cell configurations. These findings are compared to literature results to provide guidance for the further development of ZELMB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how regions develop new innovation specializations, covering different activities in the whole process from technological invention to commercialization. We develop a conceptual framework anchored in two building blocks: first, the conceptualization of innovation as a process spanning technology, design, and market activities; second, the application and extension of the principle of relatedness to understand developments within and between the different innovation activities. We offer an empirical investigation where we operationalize the different innovation activities using three intellectual property rights: patents, industrial designs, and trademarks. We provide two separate analyses of how relatedness and cross-relatedness matter for the emergence of new specializations: for 259 NUTS-2 European regions and for 363 metropolitan statistical areas of the US. While relatedness is significantly associated with new regional specializations for all three innovation activities, cross-relatedness between activities also plays a significant role. Our study has important policy implications for developing and monitoring smart specialization regional strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of solar energy to heat water is the more critical application of solar energy. Researchers are trying to develop different methods to improve the efficiency of solar water heaters to meet the increasing demand for hot water due to global population growth. To reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of solar heaters, the solar collector and the storage tank are combined into one part, and this system is called solar storage collector. It can be defined as geometric shapes filled with water, painted black, and placed under the influence of sunlight to gain the largest amount of solar energy. This article presents the various designs of solar storage collector. This review showed that design variables and design shape significantly affect the efficiency of the solar heating system. Climate and operational factors also have a strong influence on the performance of solar heating. Furthermore, scientists and researchers have also used nanotechnology, solar cells, and mirrors to improve other stored solar collectors' performance. Finally, recently published articles indicate an increase in interest in improving the efficiency of solar storage collector by creating new designs that enhance the economic and practical viability.

The shipbuilding sector benefits greatly from the technological advances that engineers and shipyards attempt to introduce in vessels. Innovations normally come from the fields of industrial inventions, improvements in construction techniques and the design given to certain pieces of the ships. These developments may be protected through rights belonging to the intellectual property family. However, this protection may turn into an obstacle to international maritime traffic if patent holders in a port State enforce their rights against a vessel that enters that port. To avoid these barriers, the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property established an exception to the patent right regarding components that are used solely to cover the needs of the vessel (Art. 5ter of the Convention). The exclusion was extended subsequently to industrial designs through European regulation. Moreover, some improvements in vessels do not enter an Intellectual Property (IP) registry (through a patent or a design). Many times, they are kept secret by the shipbuilders. Some of these considerations have been crystallised in the most common international contracting forms regarding the construction of ships that we treat in the second part of this work. Thus, in the paper, we attempt to make a full analysis of the existing legal framework at an international, European and Spanish level, as well as of the most common forms used to shape the shipbuilding contract and process.

Transformable clothing for different looks is considered one of the applications of sustainable fashion, as it is an emerging trend that may provide possibilities for the consumption of clothes to be more sustainable, but consumers' perception of this concept does not exist, hence the idea of research, which mainly focuses on presenting proposed designs for transformable clothes from the designer's perspective (The researcher) and measuring whether consumers value this type of clothing and what factors may motivate them to buy transformable clothes for the sake of sustainability. The research aims to present suggested design groups for clothes that can be transformed into different looks using auxiliary materials (such as zippers, buttons, tape). The outer clothing is suitable for women from the age of (20:35) and the research hypotheses stipulated 1- There are statistically significant differences between the designs proposed in achieving the aesthetic aspect according to the opinions of specialists 2- The presence of statistically significant differences between the proposed designs in achieving the functional aspect according to For the opinions of specialists 3- There are statistically significant differences between the proposed designs in achieving the evaluation aspects according to the opinions of specialists and the target group. The results have resulted in the achievement of the design groups, the degree of acceptance in the light of the assessment of the averages of specialists along with the aesthetic and functional side and the presence of statistically significant differences between the proposed design in achieving aspects of the evaluation according to the opinions of specialists and the target group, and the most important recommendations of the research:1-Conducting more academic studies linking the apparel industry with sustainability.2-Spreading the culture of sustainability and its applications in the field of clothing through scientific seminars and conferences.

This document presents the development of a prototype of a Cartesian robot with a 5 degrees-of-freedom articulated robot arm for possible applications in a wet spinning process at the laboratory-level. The mechatronic system was developed using various modular electronics elements compatible with an ArduinoTM Mega 2560 microcontroller. The control algorithm recognizes the position of the servomotors and the speed of the motors so that the prototype performs a complete cycle of displacement in 67 s, which includes the transport of a polymeric filament immersed in a coagulation bath for 10 s. A structural analysis indicates that there will be no tension failures because the maximum and axial stress of the Cartesian robot was 2.89 MPa while the von Mises tension of the robotic arm was 468 MPa, both tensions below their upper limits. The pulse signals, in the order of 4000 +25 ms, of the servomotors were consistent in 96-98% repeatability and 3-19% reproducibility. Forty percent of the extrusion tests performed were satisfactory, since the transport of a polymeric filament within a coagulant solution was achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite education campaigns linking sun overexposure and skin cancer, it remains one of the leading preventable cancer diagnoses. Skin cancer risk is correlated with overexposure to UV light in sunlight and can be prevented by avoiding exposure. While sun protection can be achieved using sunscreen and clothing, people must be made aware of their risk to facilitate behavior change. Herein, new rewearable UV sensors which overcome the single‐use limitations of other products are presented. These sensors utilize diarylethene photoswitches, which develop a colored appearance upon exposure to UV and are reset to colorless by green light (<10 min). These photoswitches are incorporated into a range of materials, enabling the use of advanced manufacturing to develop highly desirable consumer products. 3D stereolithographic printing is used to prototype sensors, with complex geometries and appealing aesthetics, that can be worn by users. The UV sensitivity of these devices is tuned by incorporating chromophores, meeting the needs of diverse skin types. The colorimetric response allows for direct visual feedback to the user, or quantification using photography, allowing for dosimetry of UV exposure. These new reusable devices aim to reduce people's exposure to UV, while reducing the waste generated by single‐use devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aim to study maximal pairwise commuting sets of 3-transpositions (transvections) of the simple unitary group U n (2) over GF (4) , and to construct designs from these sets. Any maximal set of pairwise commuting 3-transpositions is called a basic set of transpositions. Let G = U n (2). It is well known that G is a 3-transposition group with the set D , the conjugacy class consisting of its transvections, as the set of 3-transpositions. Let L be a set of basic transpositions in D. We give general descriptions of L and 1 - (v , k , λ) designs D = (P , B) , with P = D and B = { L g ∣ g ∈ G }. The parameters k = | L | , λ and further properties of D are determined. We also, as examples, apply the method to the unitary simple groups U 4 (2) , U 5 (2) , U 6 (2) , U 7 (2) , U 8 (2) and U 9 (2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document presents the development of a prototype of a Cartesian robot with a 5 degrees-of-freedom articulated robot arm for possible applications in a wet spinning process at the laboratory-level. The mechatronic system was developed using various modular electronics elements compatible with an ArduinoTM Mega 2560 microcontroller. The control algorithm recognizes the position of the servomotors and the speed of the motors so that the prototype performs a complete cycle of displacement in 67 s, which includes the transport of a polymeric filament immersed in a coagulation bath for 10 s. A structural analysis indicates that there will be no tension failures because the maximum and axial stress of the Cartesian robot was 2.89 MPa while the von Mises tension of the robotic arm was 468 MPa, both tensions below their upper limits. The pulse signals, in the order of 4000 +25 ms, of the servomotors were consistent in 96-98% repeatability and 3-19% reproducibility. Forty percent of the extrusion tests performed were satisfactory, since the transport of a polymeric filament within a coagulant solution was achieved.

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article details the transcription process we developed to handle bimodal and multilingual interview data collected during our research into the teacher language awareness (TLA) of two high-quality teachers in a Swedish bilingual school for the deaf. Both teachers used a combination of spoken Swedish, spoken English, and Teckenspråk (Sweden's signed language) during our interviews. Because the interviews were being conducted in three languages and two modalities, the transcription process was particularly complex. We argue that accurate transcription in such linguistically complex contexts is possible but that it is important that the research community develop principles and procedures for transcribing multilingual and bimodal interview data in a way that honors participants' intended messages as faithfully as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]