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Wind energy technology is developing more and more from recent decades in many countries. Therefore, addressing the latest wind turbine research issues, this study develops a dynamic model of a permanent magnet synchronous generator and an active rectifier—as part of a unified dynamic model of a wind turbine generator in MATLAB/Simulink. In addition, a novel technique for the verification of the open-loop and the closed-loop transfer functions in the frequency domain is presented. The technique develops by analysing the frequency responses of the transfer function at various frequencies. Furthermore, the cascaded control loops of the developed model are designed and the stability of the designed controllers is tested in response to step changes in reference values.

The parameter optimisation of designed controllers for power systems is always a big concern and needs a lot of effort of researchers especially when the electricity grid becomes larger and more complex. This study proposes a control parameterisation using genetic algorithms (GAs) for power oscillation damping (POD) incorporating synchronous condensers (SCs) via software-in-the-loop simulation to enhance the damping and frequency stability for low-inertia systems. A closed-loop interfaced setup among real-time digital simulator, MATLAB, and OLE for process communication running in real time is analysed and implemented to optimise the POD parameters of a SC. Furthermore, a Prony technique based on the system measurement is applied to find out the frequency and damping ratio of the dominant oscillation mode. The POD optimal parameters are determined by the GA objective function that maximises the damping ratio of the dominant oscillation mode. The effectiveness of the proposed method in damping power oscillations and frequency stability improvement is verified through simulation results of the future western Danish power system. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach offers good performance for parameter optimisation of the POD.