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They were collected from plants with symptoms of yellowing and wilting in commercial chickpea fields in five municipalities in southern Guanajuato, Mexico. From these, the pathogens present in the stem and root were isolated and identified. Of the isolates obtained, those with morphological characteristics of Sclerotium rolfsii had their identity confirmed by sequencing the ITS fragments obtained with the oligonucleotides: NsiF and Nlb4R; the sequences obtained were compared with the NCBI database. Of the two isolates identified as S. rolfsii by both methodologies, the most virulent was identified, which was used to inoculate 181 chickpea genotypes of the kabuli and desi types. The results indicate that, according to the mortality percentage, the genotypes of the desi type ICC3287, ICC 4874, ICC1882, ICC 10259 and WR-315, and kabuli type CUGA 08-3160 presented moderate resistance to the pathogen. Of these resistant genotypes, ICC 10259 stands out, which has genetic resistance to four races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris and M. phaseolina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the main sources of plant proteins in the Indian subcontinent and West Asia, where two different morphotypes, desi and kabuli, are grown. Despite the progress in genome mapping and sequencing, the knowledge of the chickpea genome at the chromosomal level, including the long-range molecular chromosome organization, is limited. Earlier cytogenetic studies in chickpea suffered from a limited number of cytogenetic landmarks and did not permit to identify individual chromosomes in the metaphase spreads or to anchor pseudomolecules to chromosomes in situ. In this study, we developed a system for fast molecular karyotyping for both morphotypes of cultivated chickpea. We demonstrate that even draft genome sequences are adequate to develop oligo-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) barcodes for the identification of chromosomes and comparative analysis among closely related chickpea genotypes. Our results show the potential of oligo-FISH barcoding for the identification of structural changes in chromosomes, which accompanied genome diversification among chickpea cultivars. Moreover, oligo-FISH barcoding in chickpea pointed out some problematic, most probably wrongly assembled regions of the pseudomolecules of both kabuli and desi reference genomes. Thus, oligo-FISH appears as a powerful tool not only for comparative karyotyping but also for the validation of genome assemblies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is one of the main sources of plant proteins in the Indian subcontinent and West Asia, where two different morphotypes, desi and kabuli, are grown. Despite the progress in genome mapping and sequencing, the knowledge of the chickpea genome at the chromosomal level, including the long-range molecular chromosome organization, is limited. Earlier cytogenetic studies in chickpea suffered from a limited number of cytogenetic landmarks and did not permit to identify individual chromosomes in the metaphase spreads or to anchor pseudomolecules to chromosomes in situ. In this study, we developed a system for fast molecular karyotyping for both morphotypes of cultivated chickpea. We demonstrate that even draft genome sequences are adequate to develop oligo-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) barcodes for the identification of chromosomes and comparative analysis among closely related chickpea genotypes. Our results show the potential of oligo-FISH barcoding for the identification of structural changes in chromosomes, which accompanied genome diversification among chickpea cultivars. Moreover, oligo-FISH barcoding in chickpea pointed out some problematic, most probably wrongly assembled regions of the pseudomolecules of both kabuli and desi reference genomes. Thus, oligo-FISH appears as a powerful tool not only for comparative karyotyping but also for the validation of genome assemblies.

Sowing of chickpea in the heavy-textured soils of north-west Bangladesh with minimum tillage technology aims to increase the timely planting of large areas during a relatively short sowing window before soil water deficit limits germination and emergence. However, the seedbed conditions into which chickpea is sown need to be better quantified, so that limiting factors which affect germination and emergence can be identified. Two of the soil physical characteristics of importance are soil water and aeration. Growth cabinet studies have identified the fastest germination and emergence of chickpea on representative soils for this area at gravimetric water contents of 17-18 %, whilst soil water contents above and below this delayed germination and emergence. Emergence was recorded at soil water potentials between field capacity (−10 kPa) and wilting point (−1500 kPa). Emergence was possible at lower soil water potentials in the finer textured soil, whilst in coarser textured soil, emergence was still possible at higher soil water potentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]