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Objective To study the dermoscopic and clinical features of halo nevus in children. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data, including general condition, clinical features, family history and dermoscopic data of 110 patients with halo nevus in our hospital from January 2019 to February 2023. Results The mean age of 110 patients was (8.91±3.26) years. The ratio of male to female was 1.29∶1. Involvements on the face and neck accounted for 32.82%, and 40.00% of patients were complicated with vitiligo. The incidence of multiple halo nevi was higher in patients with vitiligo than in those without vitiligo (χ2=8.61, P=0.003). Among the 45 cases with a family history, the proportion of individuals with family history was higher in patients with vitiligo (7/22, 31.82%) than in those without vitiligo (1/23, 4.35%) (χ2=4.08, P=0.043). The most common dermoscopic features of central nevi were homogeneous pattern (21 cases, 36.84%) and globular pattern (10 cases,17.54%). The peripheral halo often presented as structureless hypopigmentation (36 cases,63.16%). Improvement was observed in 70.00% of the patients after 6-month treatment with oral compound glycyrrhizin tablets plus topical glucocorticoids/0.03% tacrolimus ointment. The proportion of patients without autoimmune diseases was lower in effective cases than in the ineffective cases (χ2=5.70, P

A case of acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus is reported. A 75-year-old male presented with asymptomatic erythema on both the ears and face for over a month. Dermatological examination showed fused erythema on both sides of the face and ears. Multiple erythema, maculae and red papules in different sizes were seen on the back, and some lesions were accompanied with scales. Under a dermoscope, there were perifollicular white halos and amorphous areas with scales on red background. Histopathological examination of facial skin lesions showed epidermal atrophy and liquefaction degeneration of the basal cells, and perivascular infiltration of lymphocytes in the superficial and middle dermis. Alcian blue staining was focally positive in the dermis. Diagnosis: generalized acute cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Satisfactory results were achieved after oral administration of hydroxychloroquine combined with methylprednisolone tablets. No recurrence was observed during follow-up.

To report a case of Norwegian scabies diagnosed with the aid of dermoscopy. A 78-year-old man suffered from generalized papules, papulovesicles and nodules with pruritus for 2 years. Patient had been repeatedly diagnosed as eczema or nodular prurigo or urticaria. Topical antihistamines and glucocorticoids only slightly improved lesions, but not pruritus. Dermatological examination showed dense papules, papulovesicles and nodules on the trunk and limbs, especially on the elbows, armpits, buttocks and thighs. Some lesions were covered with scales. Chaffy scales were present on the hands, fingers/toe gaps and buttocks, with fishy odour smell. Dermoscopy showed white burrows in appearance of delta-wing jet. Mites and secretion were observed in the burrows along with triangular structure on the other end of the burrows. A diagnosis of Norwegian scabies was made. Pruritus and skin lesions were significantly improved after 2-week twice-daily treatment with topical 25% sulfur ointment plus desonide cream in addition to oral epinastine capsule and decoction of Chinese medicine. No recurrence was observed during a 2-month follow-up.

Objective To summarize and analyze the dermoscopic features of scabies. Methods Dermoscopic images of 101 patients with scabies were collected from the dermatology clinic from January 2022 to April 2023, and the microscopic features were analyzed. Results The burrows were visible in all cases (100%). Triangular structure in coffee color and brown dotted structure were observed in 97 cases (96.04%) and 10 cases (9.90%), respectively. Eight patients (7.92%) had "gray-edged line" sign and 2 cases (1.98%) showed a gray-white structure in the middle of burrow. Light-brown and dark-red transparent mites were found in 4 cases (3.96%) and 1 case (0.99%), respectively. Conclusions The characteristics of scabies under a dermoscope include burrows and coffee-colored triangular structure. Other non-specific structures, such as brown dots, "gray-edged line" sign and gray-white structure in the center of burrows, are also helpful for the dermoscopic diagnosis of scabies.

Melasma is a type of hyperpigmentation typically found on sun-exposed areas, particularly on the face but occasionally on the neck and forearms as well. Despite ongoing research, the exact cause of melasma is still unknown, although it is believed that both genetic factors and exposure to ultraviolet light may contribute to its development. There is a scarcity of studies that assessed the relationship between Wood's lamp and dermoscopic findings in relation to melasma. The current study was conducted to find a correlation and comparison between the observations of Wood's lamp and dermoscopy for melasma. A cross sectional study was carried out among patients with clinical features of melasma attending the outpatient department at multispecialty hospital with a sample size of 200. It was observed that out of 200 cases, mean age group was around 32 years, housewives constituted the majority 72(36%) patients followed by farmers 32(16%); 162(81%) were literate and 38(19%) were illiterate; and 127(63.5%) were using cosmetics and 73(36.5%) were not using any cosmetics; 69 (34.5%) centro-facial melasma, 130(65%) malar and 1(0.5%) with irregular melasma; 137(68.5%) were reticulo-globular, 54(27%) reticular and 9(4.5%) were globular; 10(5%) contrast enhancement, 107(53.5%) only enhancement and 83(41.5%) no enhancement. Facial hypermelanosis has long been a source of distress for patients, with the current trend of valuing physical appearance and fairness in the population only exacerbating this concern. The use of Wood's lamp and subsequently confirmed by dermoscopy has undergone significant development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are no standards for evaluating skin photoaging. Dermoscopy is a non‐invasive detection method that might be useful for evaluating photoaging. Objective: To assess the correlation between the dermoscopic evaluation of photoaging and clinical and pathological evaluations. Methods: The age, clinical evaluation (Fitzpatrick classification, Glogau Photoaging Classification, and Chung's standardized image ruler), histopathology (Masson staining and MMP‐1 immunohistochemistry), and dermoscopy (Hu's and Isik's) of 40 donor skin samples were analyzed statistically, and Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed. Results: There was a robust correlation between the total Hu scores and Isik dermoscopy. The correlation of dermoscopy with histopathology was higher than that of clinical evaluation methods. There is a strong correlation between telangiectases and lentigo. Xerosis, superficial wrinkle, diffuse erythema, telangiectases, and reticular pigmentation were significantly correlated with the three clinical evaluation methods. Superficial wrinkles were correlated with Masson, MMP‐1, various clinical indicators, and other dermoscopic items. Conclusion: There is a good correlation between dermoscopy and clinical and histopathological examination. Dermoscopy might help evaluate skin photoaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xanthelasma palpebrarum (XP) is a benign cosmetic condition. Although the role of CO2 laser is well described, there are only a few studies on Erbium: YAG in XP. Similarly, trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is commonly used in XP. However, there are only a few studies comparing these modalities in the treatment of XP. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Erbium: YAG laser and 50% TCA in the treatment of XP with the role of dermoscope in the evaluation of lesions. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 subjects were randomly allocated into two groups: group A (TCA) and group B (laser). All patients were subcategorized into three grades viz. I (mild), II (moderate), and III (severe) using a self-devised scoring system. Results: About 25% and 70% of patients achieved complete clearance in groups A and B, respectively (P = 0.017). The rate of recurrence was 40% and 15% in groups A and B. Dyspigmentation and erythema were the most common side effects. Pretreatment dermoscopic evaluation of the lesion showed a network of brown streaks on a background of a yellowish structureless area and was used to assess the area and margins of the lesion where the adipose tissue was found during the procedure and serial assessment of the lesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Diagnosis & Therapy on Dermato-venereology is the property of Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Diagnosis & Therapy on Dermato-venereology is the property of Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The global incidence of melanoma increased from 2.01/ 100 000 in 1990 to 3.75/100 000 in 2019. The incidence and mortality rate of malignant melanoma in China is lower than that of the global average, but in recent years, its incidence rate has increased (3% to 5%). Malignant melanoma is the fastest growing malignant tumor in China, and new melanoma patients reach 20 000 to 30 000 cases every year. Melanoma is prone to invasion and metastasis, and the 5-year survival rate of stage IV patients is only 4.6%. Early diagnosis and treatment can greatly improve the prognosis of patients with malignant melanoma. At present, the hot spots in the diagnosis of malignant melanoma include visual aid, artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis, histological diagnosis and differential diagnosis. Visual AIDS can be used to screen for melanoma, and dermoscopy and skin confocal technology (CT) can diagnose melanoma with sensitivity of 61% and 100%, respectively. AI based diagnosis of malignant melanoma is more accurate than that of artificial intelligence alone or doctors, and can improve the diagnosis accuracy of malignant melanoma from 55.6% to 75.0%. With the continuous progress of second-generation sequencing technology in histology diagnosis, there is still a lack of objectively and highly repeatable immunohistochemical markers applicable to all melanomas. However, with the development of melanoma genomics research, BRAF V600E and NRAS mutations have been applied in clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis assessment. Malignant melanoma is highly invasive, and many patients are in the advanced stage when diagnosed. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of melanoma in China should pay attention to the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment team model, and promote the diagnosis and treatment principles and guidelines based on multidisciplinary consensus.

Objective: To find the concordance of Dermoscopic and Wood’s lamp findings in melasma patients. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Kharian Pakistan, from Nov 2020 to Sep 2021. Methodology: A total of sixty patients clinically classified as melasma were enrolled in the study. Clinical assessment was done, and patients were examined with Wood’s lamp and Dermoscope, and findings were recorded. Results: The results of concordance of Wood’s lamp findings and Dermoscopic findings were significant as analysed by Kappa Statistics where value of k was 0.597 and p-value was

Copyright of Journal of Diagnosis & Therapy on Dermato-venereology is the property of Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Diagnosis & Therapy on Dermato-venereology is the property of Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Retrograde alopecia [RA] is a term that describes the hair loss in the nape of the neck that may extend to the occipital region or above in the scalp. In most cases it is associated with Androgenetic alopecia [AGA]. Yet, as the severity of Androgenetic alopecia increases, the retrograde alopecia becomes more frequent, prominent and severe. Aim of the work: To explore the prevalence, patterns, grades, dermoscopic features of retrograde alopecia and linking this finding with eligibility of Hair transplantation for AGA.Patients and Methods: One thousand patients are included in this study recruited from al Al Hussein hospital, dermatology department, Hair clinic. Clinical and dermoscopic examination for occipital area are done to detect RA prevalence, patterns and dermoscopic findings.Results: Fifty patients out of thousand patients examined were affected by RA of varying degrees and patterns. Grading system is done for those patients. We have linked this grading system with eligibility for hair transplantation for AGA.Conclusion: RA is fairly common among patients with Androgenetic alopecia of severe degrees. Detection of RA by good examination clinically and dermoscopically is mandatory for reaching the appropriate diagnosis, treatment and exclusion of affected hair by RA from harvesting to get a safe donor area regarding hair transplantation of AGA.

Background: Unsupervised overuse of topical corticosteroids (TCs) is highly common in dermatological practice, leading to steroid abuse known as topical steroid damaged/dependent face (TSDF). Dermoscopy aids in the early detection of TSDF. Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and dermoscopic findings in patients with TSDF. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted on eighty patients presenting with clinical features suggestive of TSDF. Detailed history taking, clinical examination, and dermoscopic evaluation with a DermLite dermoscope were performed. Results: Out of the eighty patients included in the study, 64 (80%) were females and 16 (20%) were males. The most common age group affected was 18-30 years (52; 65%). Sixty-six were literate. Melasma was a common underlying condition for which a steroid was used by the patients (44; 55%). Betamethasone (34; 47.5%) was the most commonly used, followed by clobetasol (18; 22.5%). Relatives and friends were the common sources of recommendation (46; 57.5%). Most of the patients applied these for one year. Redness was the predominant presenting complaint, seen in sixty patients (75%). The common clinical findings were erythema (75%), hyperpigmentation (44; 55%), and hypertrichosis (50; 62.5%). The common findings observed on dermoscopy were telangiectasia (90%), red, diffuse areas (75%), brown globules (55%), and hypertrichosis (62.5%). In telangiectasia, the linear (60%), polygonal (30%), Y-shaped (25%), and serpentine (15%) types were seen. The other findings observed were white, structureless areas (37.5%), Demodex tails (25%), scaling (15%), pustules (10%), comedones (20%), and the breaking of the pseudo-reticular network (22.5%). Limitations: The limitation of this study was the lack of histopathological correlation. Conclusion: Dermoscopy aids in the early diagnosis of TSDF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Alopecia areata is an autoimmune condition that causes non‐scarring hair loss. To date, there is no single cure and treatment remains challenging. Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy of Jessener solution versus intralesional steroid in treatment of Alopecia Areata. Methods: This study included 40 patients who presented with multifocal patchy alopecia areata (AA). For each patient, three patches were randomly selected to be treated one with intralesional steroid, another with topical Jessner solution and the third with normal saline. Three sessions were done 3 weeks apart and were followed up for 3 months. Response was assessed clinically and by trichoscope. Results: Fifteen percent of patches coated with Jessner or injected with steroids showed an excellent response while 20% of patches coated with Jessner and 32.5% patches injected with steroids showed a good response. A significant difference was observed between the three modalities of treatment regarding the prognostic score for response (p < 0.001) as patches coated with Jessner and those steroid injected showed a significant higher response rate than patches injected with saline (p < 0.001) while no significant difference was reported between patches either treated with Jessner or steroids (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Jessners solution can be a novel and feasible and well tolerated modality of treatment for patients suffering from alopecia areata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate polarized light dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopic features of Paget disease. Methods Dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopic features of 76 lesions were analyzed in 29 patients with Paget disease, who visited our clinic from January 2019 to October 2021. Results Among the 29 patients, including 18 males and 16 females, 9 cases were mammary Paget disease and 20 cases were extramammary Paget disease, with a total of 76 lesions. Polarized light dermoscopy showed milky-white structureless areas, bright white streaks, vascular structures and light brown to bluish gray dots in milky-red and reddish-brown background. Reflectance confocal microscopy examination of the lesions showed disorganized epidermal cells with vacuole-like cells and Paget cells, formation of tumor nests by Paget cells in the basal layer, tortuous blood vessels in the superficial dermis with infiltrate of inflammatory cells, dendritic cells and pigmentophages. Dermoscopic and reflectance confocal microscopic features were similar in Paget and extramammary Paget diseases. Conclusion Paget disease displays specific characteristics under the polarized light dermoscope and reflectance confocal microscope, providing a basis for non-invasive diagnosis of the disease.

Objective: To explore the dermoscopic characteristics of comma, spiral, malnourished hair, and to find out a new method for differentiation of Microsporum canis and Trichophyton tonsurans infections under the dermoscope. Methods: Dermoscopic characteristics were analyzed in 11 patients with tinea capitis who were positive for fungal smear and underwent dermoscopy at department of dermatology of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from 2019 to 2021. Results: Comma hair and malnourished hair were 100% and 80%, respectively, with no spiral hair, in patients infected by Microsporum canis. All patients with Trichophyton tonsurans infections had comma and spiral hair, and 66% had malnourished hair. That a patient with tinea capitis had comma, spiral, malnourished hair at the same time highly indicated Trichophyton tonsurans infections (χ2=8.00, P=0.18). Conclusions: Comma, spiral, and malnourished hairs are specific markers for the differentiation of Microsporum canis and Trichophyton tonsurans. Dermoscopy is a valuable approach in the diagnosis of Microsporum canis and Trichophyton tonsurans prior to fungal culture in patients with tinea capitis.

Background: Lip lentigines are benign pigmentations often raising concerns to physicians and patients for fear of malignancy. Specific dermoscopic patterns of lip (mucosal) lentigines have not been clearly defined in the literature when compared to common facial (nonmucosal) lentigines. Objectives: This study aimed to define key dermoscopic features of lip lentigines to help diagnose these benign lesions more efficiently by calculating the specificity, sensitivity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of dermoscopic patterns in lip and nonlip facial lentigines. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at a medical center in Southern Taiwan. Dermoscopic images of 12 patients with lip lentigines and seven patients with 12 facial nonlip lentigines were inspected. Pattern recognition was performed via blind review by three clinicians. Dermoscopic images were assessed side by side with 12 published dermoscopic patterns of pigmented lesions, to see whether the patterns were presented. Results: Four dermoscopic patterns (hyphal, overlapping vessels, parallel lines, and fish-scale-like) showed very high specificity and PPV (all 100%) in lip lentigines when compared to facial nonlip lentigines. The sensitivity of these four patterns was 83%, 83%, 67%, and 58% and their NPV was 86%, 86%, 75%, and 71%, accordingly. Interrater consistency analysis from pattern recognition showed good consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.814) among reviewers. Conclusion: Hyphal, overlapping vessels, parallel lines, and fish-scale-like patterns are specific and sensitive dermoscopic patterns of lip lentigines when compared to facial nonlip lentigines. This knowledge of site-specific dermoscopic patterns could be used in characterizing benign and malignant pigmented lesions of the lip in future studies.

Background: Dermatosis neglecta (DN) is an underdiagnosed localized pigmentary disorder, characterized by asymptomatic hyperpigmented patches and plaques with adherent scales in an inadequately cleansed area. It is a diagnostic challenge leading to unnecessary interventions and burden to patients. Dermoscopy is a noninvasive handy diagnostic tool, though its utility in the diagnosis of DN is unexplored. Objective: To describe the various clinical and dermoscopic patterns in patients with DN. Materials and Methods: An observational study in 10 admitted patients of a tertiary hospital with DN was done, who consulted in department of dermatology in view of hyperpigmented lesions. After a thorough history and clinical examination, dermoscopy was done over the lesions. Results: In 10 patients, DN was confirmed with a resolution of part of lesion on the application of water-soaked gauze. On dermoscopy, dark-brown polygonal, cornflake-like scales are seen arranged in a mosaic pattern with intervening normal skin, sometimes over an erythematous background. On further probing, most patients gave the history of unintentional neglect of the affected part related to their primary illness. Limitations: Small sample size. Conclusions: DN is an underreported localized hyperpigmented disorder, mimicking other dermatoses. It should always be kept in mind in patients with morbidities that lead to the inability to maintain hygiene in the relevant areas, which may not be the classically described sites of DN. Dermoscopy helps to differentiate it from other hyperpigmented lesions, especially in its milder forms, avoiding the act of wiping the lesions especially in areas associated with hyperesthesia and helps in reinforcing the diagnosis. However, the criteria to diagnose DN based on dermoscopy is not definite.

Background: Follicular unit extraction (FUE) is a minimally invasive surgery that is becoming popular in hair restoration in cicatricial alopecia (CA). Aim: Evaluation of FUE with or without platelet rich plasma (PRP) in scarring alopecia. Patients and methods: Twenty patients with CA were randomized into two groups. Group A (10 patients) underwent FUE, group B (10 patients) underwent FUE + PRP. PRP was injected 1 week before surgery, then monthly after surgery for 3 months. Follow up was done after 3, 6 and 12 months by calculating the density of surviving follicular units and the survival rate. Results: In group A, there was statistically significant increase in mean survival rate which was 30.30%. At 3 months, 67.26% at 6 months and 78.15% at 12 months. In group B, there was a significant increase in mean survival rate being 30.14% at 3 months, 58.75% at 6 months and 69.74% at 12 months. There was no significant difference between both groups at anytime during follow up period. Conclusion: Follicular unit extraction is a preferred procedure for hair restoration in CA with few side effects. The role of PRP in HT is controversial. In the present study, PRP does not significantly affect the survival rate of hair grafts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 58-year-old man presented with a nodule on his left heel for more than ten years. A soft demarcated dark red nodule, sized 1 cm x 1cm, was found on the left heel with peripheral brownish pigmentation. Dermoscopic examination showed a well-circumscribed dome-shaped nodule with centralized leaf-like vessels, surrounded by whitish halos. Pathological findings included protrusion of tumor mass from the epidermis into the dermis. The tumor cells were uniform in size, some of which were cuboidal, with dark basophilic round nuclei. The diagnosis of eccrine poroma, dermal duct tumor type, was confirmed. The lesion was completely excised, without recurrence.

Background: Dermatosis neglecta (DN) is an underdiagnosed localized pigmentary disorder, characterized by asymptomatic hyperpigmented patches and plaques with adherent scales in an inadequately cleansed area. It is a diagnostic challenge leading to unnecessary interventions and burden to patients. Dermoscopy is a noninvasive handy diagnostic tool, though its utility in the diagnosis of DN is unexplored. Objective: To describe the various clinical and dermoscopic patterns in patients with DN. Materials and Methods: An observational study in 10 admitted patients of a tertiary hospital with DN was done, who consulted in department of dermatology in view of hyperpigmented lesions. After a thorough history and clinical examination, dermoscopy was done over the lesions. Results: In 10 patients, DN was confirmed with a resolution of part of lesion on the application of water-soaked gauze. On dermoscopy, dark-brown polygonal, cornflake-like scales are seen arranged in a mosaic pattern with intervening normal skin, sometimes over an erythematous background. On further probing, most patients gave the history of unintentional neglect of the affected part related to their primary illness. Limitations: Small sample size. Conclusions: DN is an underreported localized hyperpigmented disorder, mimicking other dermatoses. It should always be kept in mind in patients with morbidities that lead to the inability to maintain hygiene in the relevant areas, which may not be the classically described sites of DN. Dermoscopy helps to differentiate it from other hyperpigmented lesions, especially in its milder forms, avoiding the act of wiping the lesions especially in areas associated with hyperesthesia and helps in reinforcing the diagnosis. However, the criteria to diagnose DN based on dermoscopy is not definite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lip lentigines are benign pigmentations often raising concerns to physicians and patients for fear of malignancy. Specific dermoscopic patterns of lip (mucosal) lentigines have not been clearly defined in the literature when compared to common facial (nonmucosal) lentigines. Objectives: This study aimed to define key dermoscopic features of lip lentigines to help diagnose these benign lesions more efficiently by calculating the specificity, sensitivity, and positive and negative predictive values (PPV and NPV) of dermoscopic patterns in lip and nonlip facial lentigines. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at a medical center in Southern Taiwan. Dermoscopic images of 12 patients with lip lentigines and seven patients with 12 facial nonlip lentigines were inspected. Pattern recognition was performed via blind review by three clinicians. Dermoscopic images were assessed side by side with 12 published dermoscopic patterns of pigmented lesions, to see whether the patterns were presented. Results: Four dermoscopic patterns (hyphal, overlapping vessels, parallel lines, and fish-scale-like) showed very high specificity and PPV (all 100%) in lip lentigines when compared to facial nonlip lentigines. The sensitivity of these four patterns was 83%, 83%, 67%, and 58% and their NPV was 86%, 86%, 75%, and 71%, accordingly. Interrater consistency analysis from pattern recognition showed good consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.814) among reviewers. Conclusion: Hyphal, overlapping vessels, parallel lines, and fish-scale-like patterns are specific and sensitive dermoscopic patterns of lip lentigines when compared to facial nonlip lentigines. This knowledge of site-specific dermoscopic patterns could be used in characterizing benign and malignant pigmented lesions of the lip in future studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A polarization-sensitive hyperspectral imaging system (SkinSpect) has been built and evaluated using two-layer tissue phantoms, fabricated to mimic the optical properties of melanin in different epidermal thickness and hemoglobin in dermal layers. Multiple tissue-mimicking phantoms with varying top layer thicknesses were measured for optical system calibration and performance testing. Phantom properties were characterized and validated using SkinSpect. The resulting analysis shows that the proposed system is capable of distinguishing and differentiating the layer-dependent absorption spectra and the depths at which this absorption occurs.

Background: Intralesional injection of corticosteroid (ILIS) and pulsed-dye laser (PDL) have been used in nail psoriasis treatment with variable outcomes.Objective: We sought to compare the efficacy of ILIS to PDL for the treatment of psoriatic fingernails using a dermoscope in the assessment and follow-up.Methods: This study included 30 patients with bilateral nail psoriasis. The fingernails of one hand were treated with PDL, whereas ILIS was used to treat the fingernails of the other hand. One psoriatic nail was left alone as a control. Every patient received four treatment sessions once every month. Efficacy was recorded clinically using the Nail Psoriasis Severity Index (NAPSI) and by a dermoscope before treatment (baseline) and at eight, 24, and 36 weeks after treatment.Results: The assessment by NAPSI revealed improvements of 22.24% and 24.11% occurred in the laser group and the intralesional steroid group, respectively. Also, the dermoscopic assessments revealed an improvement of 18.33% in the laser group versus that of 21.69% in the ILES. No significant difference was found between the two groups.Conclusion: Both PDL and ILIS are considered safe treatments for nail psoriasis, yielding nearly equal results. The dermoscope is a reliable tool for the diagnosis and follow-up of nail psoriasis treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A polarization-sensitive hyperspectral imaging system (SkinSpect) has been built and evaluated using two-layer tissue phantoms, fabricated to mimic the optical properties of melanin in different epidermal thickness and hemoglobin in dermal layers. Multiple tissue-mimicking phantoms with varying top layer thicknesses were measured for optical system calibration and performance testing. Phantom properties were characterized and validated using SkinSpect. The resulting analysis shows that the proposed system is capable of distinguishing and differentiating the layer-dependent absorption spectra and the depths at which this absorption occurs.

Context: Repeated trauma involving extremities (in the setting of peripheral neuropathy) and poor vascularity that impairs wound healing are important causes of disability and deformity in leprosy patients. Nail changes can serve as indicators of trophic changes due to leprosy. Aims: To describe the onychoscopy findings in leprosy cases and to identify any specific findings in leprosy patients in comparison to controls. Settings and Design: The first 30 leprosy patients and 30 age and sex-matched controls who attended our tertiary care center from 1 August 2018 were included in this cross-sectional study. Materials and Methods: Onychoscopy examination of all fingernails was performed at 50× magnification using dinolite dermoscope AM4113ZT under non-polarizing light to document surface changes and under polarizing light to document pigmentation and vascular changes. Statistical Analysis: The observed nail changes in cases and controls were compared using Pearson's Chi-square test. Results: Statistically significant association with leprosy was found for pitting, onycholysis, melanonychia, transverse lines, nail pallor, and onychauxis. Nail pallor was unique to leprosy patients. Limitations: Small sample size and not evaluating toenails were the major limitations of the study. Conclusions: Studies with large sample size are needed to assess the significance of nail pallor as a specific onychoscopy finding in leprosy.

Background: Scabies is a common parasitic infestation of the skin. Signs and symptoms of scabies are the result of a hypersensitivity reaction to proteins released by the mites. Diagnosing scabies is problematic and confirmed by direct tests showing the presence of mites or their eggs. Dermoscopy is viewed as a sensitive and valuable tool in diagnosing scabies in vivoObjective: to assess the validity of dermoscopic findings in diagnosis of scabies. Patients and methods: This study included 40 patients complaining of generalized itching or multiple localized itching. All the patients were subjected to full history taking and clinical examination including general examination, dermatological examination and photography of any lesions in the suspected sites. These lesions were examined by the dermoscope.Results: The results of the study revealed that dermoscope had 87.5 % sensitivity and 100% specificity in the diagnosis of scabies as compared to clinical examination. The overall accuracy of dermoscope in diagnosis of clinically suspected cases was 90%.Conclusion: Scabies is a common skin disease that affects both genders mainly in the middle age group. Dermoscope has been shown to be as an effective and non-invasive technique in diagnosis of scabies