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Objectives: To investigate the preventive and discoloring effects of a single and two weekly applications of 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF) against dentin erosion. Materials and methods: 180 dentin blocks were divided into four groups. Group 1 (SDF2) received two weekly applications of 38% SDF. Group 2 (SDF1) received a single application of 38% SDF. Group 3 (SNF) received a daily application of stannous chloride/amine fluoride/sodium fluoride (standard of care for dental erosion). Group 4 (DW) received a daily application of deionized water. The treated blocks were subjected to a 14-day erosive challenge. Crystal characteristics, elemental composition, surface morphology, percentage of surface microhardness loss (%SMHL), surface loss, and color change (ΔE) were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), hardness testing, profilometry, and digital spectrophotometry, respectively. Results: XRD and EDS showed dentin surfaces had silver compounds in SDF2 and SDF1, and stannous chloride in SNF. SEM revealed less dentin demineralization with tubular occlusion in SDF2, SDF1, and SNF, but severe demineralization in DW. The %SMHL of SDF2, SDF1, SNF, and DW were 10.8 ± 2.1, 15.7 ± 2.1, 17.9 ± 2.1, and 28.7 ± 2.0 (SDF2 < SDF1 < SNF < DW, p < 0.05). Surface loss (µm) of SDF2, SDF1, SNF, and DW were 5.0 ± 0.6, 6.0 ± 0.6, 6.0 ± 0.7, and 9.0 ± 0.5 (SDF2 < SDF1 = SNF < DW, p < 0.001). ΔE of SDF2, SDF1, SNF, and DW were 26.0 ± 3.4, 12.1 ± 3.8, 6.9 ± 3.5, and 3.9 ± 3.6 (SDF2 > SDF1 > SNF = DW, p < 0.001). Conclusion: 38% SDF with two weekly applications provided better preventive effects against dentin erosion, but it might discolor dentin. Clinical relevance: The increased 38% SDF application showed a better anti-erosive potential against dentin erosion. However, SDF caused black staining on the dentin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence on how persons with and in remission from an eating disorder experience their oral health is limited. Dental treatment in Sweden today is often postponed until medical rehabilitation has been completed, but this carries risks. For the patient, the risk is severely impaired oral health and additional suffering, and for both society and the patient, higher costs than might have been necessary. Methods: Ten female informants aged 21–51 years (mean age = 36.7, standard deviation 12.7) in remission from an eating disorder with a median duration of 12.5 (range 4–25) years of illness, were questioned in semi-structured interviews about their perceptions of oral health. All participants had been referred to a specialist dental clinic and needed oral rehabilitation. 10% of the patients had been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and 90% with bulimia nervosa. All had been in remission from the eating disorder for at least one year. Transcripts of the interviews were analyzed with thematic analysis using an inductive approach. Results: One overarching theme emerged from the analysis: dental damage persisted as a visible, lingering scar during remission of the eating disorder, reminiscent of the disease and its consequences. The three major themes identified were (1) Physical impact, (2) Psychological impact, and (3) Impact on daily living. The first major theme included erosive tooth wear and impaired oral function and aesthetics. Interviewees described the second as feelings of stigma, guilt, shame, anxiety, and worry, in particular concerning self-inflicted dental damage through self-induced vomiting. The last major theme covered avoidance strategies such as limiting smiling and laughing and minimizing social situations such as eating with others, pursuing a wanted career, and meeting a partner. Conclusions: The participants in this study expressed a profound negative impact on daily life and a two-fold burden of stigma of having suffered from both an eating disorder and poor oral health. Plain English summary: Research has established a link between eating disorders and poor oral health, such as erosive tooth wear. One knowledge gap, however, is how patients with and after recovery from an eating disorder experience their oral health. In Sweden, dental treatment is often postponed until after medical rehabilitation, but this carries risks. For the patient, the risk is severely impaired oral health and additional suffering, and for both society and the patient, higher costs than might have been necessary. The self-reports of the patients in their interviews witnessed to their suffering from two sources: the diagnosis of a mental disorder and poor oral health. Many reported feelings of stigma, shame, and guilt over, for example, self-induced vomiting, which was a predominant factor in dental damage. Tooth damage emerged as a visible, lingering scar that reminded the patient of the disease long after remission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effect of solutions containing aminomethacrylate copolymer (AA) and sodium fluoride (F; 225 ppm F−) or fluoride plus stannous chloride (FSn; 225 ppm F−, 800 ppm Sn2+) against enamel and dentin erosion/abrasion. Solutions F, FSn, AA, F+AA, FSn+AA, and deionized water as negative control were tested. Bovine enamel and dentin specimens (n = 13/solution/substrate) underwent a set of erosion‐abrasion cycles (0.3% citric acid [5 min, 4×/day], human saliva [1 h, 4×/day], brushing [15 s, 2×/day], and treatments [2 min, 2×/day]) for each of five days. Initial enamel erosion was evaluated using Knoop microhardness after the first and second acid challenge on day 1, and surface loss with profilometry after day 5. KOH‐soluble fluoride was assessed. Data were analyzed with ANOVA/Tukey tests. The combination of fluoride and AA resulted in higher protection against enamel erosion, whereas this was not the case for the combination of AA and FSn. All treatments protected against enamel and dentin loss. The lowest surface loss values were observed with F+AA and FSn+AA. The polymer did not significantly influence the KOH‐soluble fluoride formation on enamel/dentin specimens. The aminomethacrylate copolymer effectively enhanced the efficacy of sodium fluoride against initial erosion and improved the control of enamel and dentin wear of F and FSn solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Limited access to health services and low educational levels are factors in the rural population that are associated with the development of oral pathologies. However, the specific risk indicators contributing to erosive tooth wear (ETW) in these populations remain unclear. The objective of this study was to identify risk indicators associated with the prevalence of erosive tooth wear (ETW) in schoolchildren aged 8–12 years from rural and urban areas in the State of Mexico. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in public schools in rural and urban areas. The prevalence of ETW was evaluated using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE). The risk indicators studied were gastroesophageal reflux, vomiting, vitamin C, food, beverages, dental hygiene, bruxism, and hyposalivation. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The prevalence of ETW was higher in the rural area (77.3%) compared to the urban area (51.2%) (p = 0.001). The odds of presenting ETW were more than twice in schoolchildren from rural areas compared to those from urban areas (OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.11–3.98). Risk indicators varied between rural and urban populations, with different factors such as the consumption of fresh tomato sauce, orange, tangerine, atole (artisanal corn-based drink), and teeth grinding in the rural area, and lemon, soft drink, fruit juice consumption, and the simplified oral hygiene index in the urban area (p < 0.05). Conclusions: To prevent ETW, strategies offering tailored dietary and hygiene advice should be proposed, considering the specific conditions of each geographic area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effectiveness of highly concentrated fluoride products and remineralizing products (F-APC) in preventing erosive dental lesions in competitive swimming patients. A total of 48 teeth were extracted, preserved in saline solution and divided into three groups. In G1 (control group), each tooth was half-immersed in chlorinated pool water; in G2 (fluoride-treated group), after being totally immersed in chlorinated water, each tooth had half of its surface treated with a highly concentrated fluoride product once a week; in G3 (remineralization product-treated group), each tooth was totally immersed in chlorinated water and half of its surface was treated with a remineralizing product after each immersion. The study was conducted over a 4-week period, immersing the teeth for 4 h per day. In G1, statistically significant differences were observed in submerged versus non-submerged tooth surfaces at week 3 (T3) (p = 0.019) and week 4 (T4) (p = 0.0007), with four and eight surfaces showing erosive tooth wear (ETW), respectively. In G2, a difference was observed between fluoride-treated and non-fluoride-treated surfaces at T4 (p = 0.039), with three surfaces with ETW among the non-treated ones. In G3, the difference was observed between portions treated with F-APC and those not treated at T4 (p = 0.019), with four surfaces with ETW among the untreated ones. Chlorinated pool water is a potential erosive agent for teeth if water pH values reach a critical value. Treating the teeth surface with highly concentrated fluoride products, once a week for 5 min, and F-APC are effective in protecting teeth against tooth erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Evidence on how persons with and in remission from an eating disorder experience their oral health is limited. Dental treatment in Sweden today is often postponed until medical rehabilitation has been completed, but this carries risks. For the patient, the risk is severely impaired oral health and additional suffering, and for both society and the patient, higher costs than might have been necessary. Methods Ten female informants aged 21–51 years (mean age = 36.7, standard deviation 12.7) in remission from an eating disorder with a median duration of 12.5 (range 4–25) years of illness, were questioned in semi-structured interviews about their perceptions of oral health. All participants had been referred to a specialist dental clinic and needed oral rehabilitation. 10% of the patients had been diagnosed with anorexia nervosa and 90% with bulimia nervosa. All had been in remission from the eating disorder for at least one year. Transcripts of the interviews were analyzed with thematic analysis using an inductive approach. Results One overarching theme emerged from the analysis: dental damage persisted as a visible, lingering scar during remission of the eating disorder, reminiscent of the disease and its consequences. The three major themes identified were (1) Physical impact, (2) Psychological impact, and (3) Impact on daily living. The first major theme included erosive tooth wear and impaired oral function and aesthetics. Interviewees described the second as feelings of stigma, guilt, shame, anxiety, and worry, in particular concerning self-inflicted dental damage through self-induced vomiting. The last major theme covered avoidance strategies such as limiting smiling and laughing and minimizing social situations such as eating with others, pursuing a wanted career, and meeting a partner. Conclusions The participants in this study expressed a profound negative impact on daily life and a two-fold burden of stigma of having suffered from both an eating disorder and poor oral health.

Introduction: Erosive tooth wear (ETW) has been gaining attention due to its high prevalence. However, ETW clinical diagnosis is difficult and may go unnoticed by many professionals. The present study aimed to develop, implement and evaluate a theoretical–practical training using active methodologies in the development of undergraduate students' skills for the diagnosis of ETW compared to the traditional teaching method. Materials and Methods: This randomized controlled study involved two parallel groups: control group (n = 22), with learning based only on theoretical content and test group (n = 24), learning by theoretical–practical activity mediated by monitors/tutors. The theoretical class covered the current concepts of ETW, aetiology, diagnosis, use of the BEWE index, prevention and treatment. The practical training included exercises and discussions based on the diagnosis using BEWE scores of a collection of images and extracted teeth. To evaluate the efficacy of the teaching–learning methods, a theoretical multiple‐choice questionnaire and a practical test using images and extracted teeth were applied. The outcome was the number of correct answers. Groups were compared by Mann–Whitney (theoretical knowledge) and T tests (practical ability in diagnosis) (p <.05). Results: There was no significant difference between groups in the theoretical evaluation (p =.866). The test group showed higher ability to diagnose ETW lesions compared to the control group in the practical tests (p =.001). The performance of ETW diagnosis was similar when images were used in comparison to extracted teeth (p =.570). Conclusion: The practical activity associated with theoretical classes can be a promising strategy to improve the development of undergraduate students' skills in the diagnosis of ETW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Extrinsic factors for erosive tooth wear (ETW) have been widely reported, but the intrinsic factors for wear remain unclear. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the factors associated with the prevalence of ETW in patients with reflux oesophagitis (RO). To prevent severe ETW with RO, factors associated with severity of ETW were also evaluated. Methods: A total of 270 patients with RO were recruited. A modified tooth wear index was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of ETW. Salivary secretion and buffering capacity were assessed prior to endoscopy. Subjects were asked to complete a medical condition and oral self‐care questionnaire. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to identify factors collectively associated with the prevalence and severity of ETW. Results: A total of 212 cases were categorized as patients with ETW (148 with mild ETW and 64 with severe ETW). Multivariate analyses indicated that saliva secretion, severity of RO and proton pump inhibitor (PPI) resistance were associated with the prevalence of ETW, whereas age, BMI and severity of RO were associated with the severity of ETW. The odds ratio of saliva secretion and BMI were less than 1, meaning that higher saliva secretion resulted in a lower prevalence of ETW and lower BMI was associated with severe ETW. Conclusion: Saliva secretion, severity of RO and PPI resistance were associated with the prevalence of ETW, whereas age, BMI and severity of RO were associated with the severity of ETW. Lower saliva secretion and BMI were significant factors for ETW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The erosive impacts of various beverages on dental enamel have been identified as a potential erosive threat to dental hard tissues. This in vitro study aimed to address this by utilizing a systematic approach and advanced analytical methods to study enamel erosion due to selected beverages in a simulated oral environment. Methods: Forty-nine extracted sound second premolar teeth were collected, disinfected, and prepared. These teeth were randomly allocated into seven groups, each exposed to a different beverage: distilled water, mineral water, instant coffee, black tea, Pepsi-Cola, orange juice, and synthetic vinegar. The modified Nordini Artificial Model (mNAM) was used to simulate the oral cavity. The enamel surfaces were scanned using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and analyzed using Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). Surface hardness was measured using the Knoop Hardness Scale. Statistical analysis was conducted using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, with a significance level set at p < 0.05. Results: Distilled water and mineral water exhibited no significant changes in enamel surface or hardness. Coffee caused an 8–9% loss of calcium and phosphate, indicating potential erosion. Black tea showed signs of remineralization rather than demineralization. Pepsi-Cola and orange juice caused substantial erosion, with Pepsi-Cola resulting in a nearly 24% loss of calcium. Vinegar had a marked erosive effect, with a 17% loss of both calcium and phosphate. SEM images corroborated these findings, showing pronounced enamel prisms and increased visibility of minor cracks in post-treatment teeth. EDS analysis revealed significant changes in the elemental composition of the enamel. Conclusions: This study categorised beverages based on their pH and fluoride content, revealing that drinks like Pepsi-Cola and orange juice are acidic but low in fluoride, whereas black tea, mineral water, and vinegar are acidic yet contain fluoride. The study suggests that the decrease in pH of acidic beverages may contribute to dental erosion, with fluoride as a mitigating factor. Among the various metrics assessed for evaluating dental erosion, hardness emerged as the most reliable quantitative parameter.Article Highlights: Beverages with low pH and no fluoride, like Pepsi-Cola, cause significant dental enamel erosion. Fluoride in beverages like tea can protect teeth by helping to prevent enamel erosion. Public awareness and policies are needed to reduce the consumption of highly erosive beverages to protect dental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The study aims to assess the prevalence of erosive tooth wear and risk levels amongst different age groups utilising Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) amongst the population of South West Coastal India. Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty healthy people participated in the research (n = 32 per group). Using sextants and the BEWE, index (0-18) allowed for the evaluation of erosive tooth wear. Questionnaires supplemented clinical data. Each participant was assigned to groups based on the severity of their erosive wear: high (BEWE sum ≥ 14), moderate (BEWE sum 9-13), low (3-8) and none (0-2). Results: There is no significant difference in the degree of erosive tooth wear across different age groups (χ²-20.11, P-0.067 [not‑significant]). There is a significant difference in response to questions across different age groups (χ²-487.21, P-0.01 [significant]). Conclusion: The prevalence of erosive tooth wear grows as individuals age. Older age groups, patients who are at a higher risk level require a more comprehensive form of treatment. The aetiology of dental erosion remained unknown to the patients, indicating a deficiency in their understanding of erosive tooth wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to provide insight into the role of camel's saliva in protecting enamel against erosion and to evaluate the levels of salivary sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate ions among 2 groups of camels, those with low-grade tooth surface loss and those with high-grade tooth surface loss. Twenty-eight healthy camels, 5 males and 23 females, aged 20 months to 10 years, were divided into 2 groups. Group I comprise camels with "low-grade tooth surface loss" and Group 2 with "high-grade tooth surface loss." Unstimulated saliva was collected by a draining method. The samples were then analyzed for sodium, potassium, calcium, and phosphate concentrations using automated chemistry analysis. Data were then statistically analyzed using the unpaired Student's t- test and Pearson correlation coefficient test. The study found the salivary calcium and phosphate concentrations were significantly lower in the "high-grade" erosion group, in comparison with the other group (P <.0001 and P =.0257, respectively). The results also revealed that the more extensive the tooth surface loss, the more carious lesions the subject had (P =.023), and that caries are more common in the anterior teeth, particularly the incisors. The authors conclude that alterations in inorganic elements of saliva, particularly the calcium and phosphate ions, play a major role in the development of resistance to tooth surface loss. This work may represent a direction for future research to develop custom-made preventive supplements, which can protect camelid teeth against tooth surface loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective of this in vitro study was to assess the efficiency of incorporating Biosilicate particles (30 and 50 mg) into an experimental orodispersible film and its efficacy in the remineralization process of bovine dental enamel under cariogenic and erosive challenges. Methods: Ninety‐nine intact incisors, devoid of cracks or fractures, yielding 198 samples (6 × 6 × 2 mm) via vestibular sectioning using a low‐speed diamond disc under water cooling. After flattening the enamel surface with 600, 1200, and 2000 grit sandpaper, the samples were divided into two groups based on the challenges they underwent: cariogenic (0.1 M lactic acid at pH 5.0) or erosive (0.05 M citric acid solution at pH 2.3). Samples from each challenge were further categorized into 11 groups (n = 9) according to the duration of cariogenic (3, 7, and 14 days) or erosive (3, 7, and 10 days) challenge, along with positive control groups (fragments untreated with challenges and treated with different Biosilicate concentrations) and negative controls (fragments treated with artificial saliva for the same periods established for cariogenic and erosive challenges). Treatments with orodispersible films containing Biosilicate (30 and 50 mg) were administered for 2 min per day for 15 days. Results: The highest remineralizing potential was observed in samples treated with Biosilicate after 14 days of cariogenic challenge, irrespective of the concentration tested. For samples subjected to erosive challenge, erosion time did not affect Biosilicate's remineralizing potential. Conclusion: Biosilicate shows promise in terms of remineralizing potential in enamel subjected to cariogenic challenge due to its ability to form hydroxycarbonapatite in mineralized tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionDental erosion is a common problem among swimmers. This study evaluated the effects of mouthguard use with or without neutralizing agents, compared to no mouthguard use, on the microhardness of dental enamel after a swimming simulation.MethodsNinety-six human premolars were randomly allocated into six groups of 16 each: Group A (no mouthguard), Group B (mouthguard only), Group C (mouthguard with fluoride toothpaste), Group D (mouthguard with fluoride-free toothpaste), Group E (mouthguard with CPP-ACP), and Group F (mouthguard with arginine-fluoride toothpaste). Enamel slabs were fixed in a wax model (Typodont Articulator) and used to fabricate mouthguards for all groups except Group A. Each specimen underwent cyclic immersion: 2 h in acidic chlorinated water (pH 3.1) followed by 22 h in artificial saliva, for 28 days, to simulate swimming exposure. The change in enamel surface hardness was measured using a Vickers hardness tester. All groups underwent microhardness testing, scanning electron microscopy, and polarized light microscopy.ResultsThe enamel hardness significantly decreased in all groups after the swimming simulation (paired t-test, P-values

Abstract Background This study aimed to evaluate dentin wear and biological performance of desensitizing materials. Methods Seventy bovine root dentin blocks were sectioned. Half of the surface of each specimen was untreated (control) and the other half was immersed in EDTA and treated with the following desensitizing materials: placebo varnish (PLA), fluoride varnish (FLU), sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish + sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP), universal adhesive (SBU), S-PRG varnish (SPRG), biosilicate (BIOS), and amelotin solution (AMTN). After application, the specimens were submitted to an erosive-abrasive challenge and the wear analyzed by optical profilometer. Serial dilutions of extracts obtained from the culture medium containing discs impregnated with those desensitizers were applied on fibroblasts and odontoblasts-like cells cultures. Cytotoxicity and production of total protein (TP) by colorimetric assays were determined after 24 h. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn’s, One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p ≤ 0.05). Results No dentin wear was observed only for SBU. The lowest dentin wear was observed for AMTN and TMP. Cell viability was significantly reduced after treatment with undiluted extracts of PLA, FLU, TMP and SBU in fibroblasts and TMP and SBU in odontoblast-like cells. SPRG, BIOS and AMTN were cytocompatible at all dilutions tested. Considering TP results, no statistical difference was observed among the groups and high levels for TP were observed after TMP and FLU treatments. Conclusions Universal adhesive system may protect dentin with opened tubules from wear after challenge. Extracts of adhesive and fluoride varnishes presented cytotoxic mainly on fibroblasts. The enamel protein may be a future alternative to treat dentin with opened tubules because it may cause low wear under erosive-abrasive challenge with low cytotoxic effects.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate dentin wear and biological performance of desensitizing materials. Methods: Seventy bovine root dentin blocks were sectioned. Half of the surface of each specimen was untreated (control) and the other half was immersed in EDTA and treated with the following desensitizing materials: placebo varnish (PLA), fluoride varnish (FLU), sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish + sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP), universal adhesive (SBU), S-PRG varnish (SPRG), biosilicate (BIOS), and amelotin solution (AMTN). After application, the specimens were submitted to an erosive-abrasive challenge and the wear analyzed by optical profilometer. Serial dilutions of extracts obtained from the culture medium containing discs impregnated with those desensitizers were applied on fibroblasts and odontoblasts-like cells cultures. Cytotoxicity and production of total protein (TP) by colorimetric assays were determined after 24 h. Data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's, One-way ANOVA and Tukey tests (p ≤ 0.05). Results: No dentin wear was observed only for SBU. The lowest dentin wear was observed for AMTN and TMP. Cell viability was significantly reduced after treatment with undiluted extracts of PLA, FLU, TMP and SBU in fibroblasts and TMP and SBU in odontoblast-like cells. SPRG, BIOS and AMTN were cytocompatible at all dilutions tested. Considering TP results, no statistical difference was observed among the groups and high levels for TP were observed after TMP and FLU treatments. Conclusions: Universal adhesive system may protect dentin with opened tubules from wear after challenge. Extracts of adhesive and fluoride varnishes presented cytotoxic mainly on fibroblasts. The enamel protein may be a future alternative to treat dentin with opened tubules because it may cause low wear under erosive-abrasive challenge with low cytotoxic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of silver diamine fluoride (38% SDF), sodium fluoride (NaF) varnish, and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (CPP-ACPF) on cola-eroded root dentin microhardness and mineral alteration in vitro. Materials and Methods Forty human root dentin slabs were exposed to alternating 10 cycles of cola drink and artificial saliva, repeated 3 times at 6-hour intervals. Specimens were randomly assigned to four groups: control (deionized water), 38% SDF, NaF varnish, and CPP-ACPF. All specimens underwent the second erosion process. Microhardness was measured at baseline (KHN 0), pretreatment (KHN 1), and posttreatment (KHN 2). The mean difference of microhardness (ΔKHN 2-1) was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc tests (α = 0.05). The chemical composition and surface morphology were assessed using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results All experimental groups exhibited dentinal tubule occlusion. Both 38% SDF and NaF varnish demonstrated a statistically significant increase in microhardness compared to CPP-ACPF. However, CPP-ACPF was comparable to the control group. EDS analysis showed an increase in weight percentage of fluorine in all groups. Furthermore, silver and chlorine were detected in the 38% SDF group. Conclusion All treatments enhanced eroded root dentin microhardness, with 38% SDF and NaF varnish demonstrating superior acid resistance and preventing morphological changes induced by cola re-immersion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The escalating prevalence of noncarious tooth wear stands as a critical concern in the backdrop of evolving lifestyles and dietary patterns. Dental erosion, a progressive condition induced by both endogenous and exogenous acidic influences, directly impacts enamel integrity, resulting in surface loss. The contemporary surge in carbonated beverage consumption further exacerbates this erosive milieu, underscoring the urgency for dental practitioners to adopt meticulous treatment strategies. Existing literature underscores a noteworthy 94% reduction in tooth erosion risk for individuals abstaining from sweetened soft beverages, emphasizing the imperative for a well-devised remineralization protocol to counter demineralized surfaces. Methodology: Seventy-three enamel specimens were taken. Forty samples were subjected to pre-operative hardness testing, and five samples were subjected to baseline EDX evaluation followed by grouping of samples (Group 1 = control Group; Group 2 = casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride [CPP-ACPF] Group; Group 3 = Biomin F Group; and Group 4 = self-assembling peptide [SAP] P-114 Group). A demineralization-remineralization cycle was carried out for 5 days followed by testing through Vickers Microhardness Tester, EDX Evaluation, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Imaging. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance followed by intergroup analysis using Tukey's post hoc test with SPSS software 25.0 version. Results: The mean percentage change in microhardness values was 30.05% in Group 1, 24.21% in Group 2, 18.85% in Group 3, and 12.08% in Group 4. The mean Ca/P ratio of samples tested through EDAX was 2.20 at baseline, 1.40 in Group 1 (Control Group), 1.62 in Group 2 (CPP-ACPF), 1.82 in Group 3 (Biomin F), and 2.01 in Group 4 (SAP-P114). Postintervention values were statistically significant from baseline values in both parameters. Conclusion: Curodont Protect exhibits superior efficacy, offering valuable insights for future in vivo studies and clinical applications. The multifaceted evaluation, encompassing microhardness testing, SEM analysis, and EDXS assessment, contributes to a nuanced interpretation of the agents' impact, paving the way for informed decisions in clinical practice and future research endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Nutrition plays a significant role in preserving the balance of the human body. Considering each person's particular characteristics, diet can directly and indirectly alter the body's immune response. The purpose of this study is to draw attention to the connection between a vegetarian diet and its impact on oral health. MATERIALS AND METHODS: To determine the connection between a vegetarian diet and dental health, a search of the literature was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. English language and a publication year between January 1, 2013, and March 1, 2023, were the inclusion criteria for the search. RESULTS: There were 167 articles in total that addressed the subject of interest, and 18 of them were chosen for qualitative analysis. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that a vegetarian diet may alter oral health, namely periodontal health, tooth erosion, and oral microbiome. Even if the data collected prevents the effect of a vegetarian diet on oral health from being confirmed, this study acts as a starting point for future, more focused research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 10‐year‐old neutered male Chihuahua presented with unilateral dental erosion that occurred after several months of oral medications mixed with honey. A pH test was performed on all oral medications administered to the dogs to determine the cause of enamel erosion. Among the medications, the only acidic medication was clopidogrel (pH 2.65). To evaluate the effect of clopidogrel on the tooth surface under the same conditions as in the present patient, an additional preliminary study was designed in which two extracted teeth of another dog were immersed in a clopidogrel–honey mixture or only in honey. After a 3‐week soaking of the extracted tooth in the clopidogrel–honey mixture, field‐emission scanning electron microscope analysis revealed a rougher surface, whereas energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis showed a reduced Ca/C ratio compared to the control tooth. In this case, prolonged exposure of the tooth surface to clopidogrel may be a cause of dental erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Introduction The non-carious degradation of the dentin matrix is a natural process throughout life; however, when associated with the presence of excessive acidic substances, it leads to lesions in dental structures. Objective This study developed an experimental solution based on antioxidant polyphenols from the yellow passion fruit seed (Passiflora edulis) and assessed its preventive potential on eroded dentin. The experimental polyphenolic solution was obtained from passion fruit seeds through drying and cold pressing. Material and method Thirty samples of bovine cervical root dentin were acquired and randomized into three groups (n=10): G1 – distilled water; G2 – experimental solution of phenolic antioxidants from passion fruit; G3 – Commercial anti-erosion toothpaste. Erosive cycling and treatment were conducted over 3 days. Subsequently, non-contact 3D confocal microscopy was employed to measure volumetric (Sa) and linear (Ra) roughness, as well as erosive wear. A one-way ANOVA/Tukey test was performed (α=0.05). Result The G2 group had lower Ra and Sa values compared to the other groups and demonstrated the lowest erosive wear in µm compared to G1 and G3. Conclusion: The experimental solution based on antioxidant polyphenols from Passiflora edulis showed promising performance on eroded dentin in this investigation. Nevertheless, further research is required to establish its effectiveness and potential use in developing a new product.

Abstract The 2017 Global Disease Study revealed 2.3 billion untreated cavities and 139 million other oral conditions like dental erosion. Modern treatments prioritise controlling etiological factors and preventing related diseases. This Editorial invites researchers to contribute to the collection, ‘Prevention and management of dental erosion and decay’.

Background and Objective: Limited access to health services and low educational levels are factors in the rural population that are associated with the development of oral pathologies. However, the specific risk indicators contributing to erosive tooth wear (ETW) in these populations remain unclear. The objective of this study was to identify risk indicators associated with the prevalence of erosive tooth wear (ETW) in schoolchildren aged 8–12 years from rural and urban areas in the State of Mexico. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in public schools in rural and urban areas. The prevalence of ETW was evaluated using the Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE). The risk indicators studied were gastroesophageal reflux, vomiting, vitamin C, food, beverages, dental hygiene, bruxism, and hyposalivation. Logistic regression models were used to calculate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: The prevalence of ETW was higher in the rural area (77.3%) compared to the urban area (51.2%) (p = 0.001). The odds of presenting ETW were more than twice in schoolchildren from rural areas compared to those from urban areas (OR: 2.25, 95% CI: 1.11–3.98). Risk indicators varied between rural and urban populations, with different factors such as the consumption of fresh tomato sauce, orange, tangerine, atole (artisanal corn-based drink), and teeth grinding in the rural area, and lemon, soft drink, fruit juice consumption, and the simplified oral hygiene index in the urban area (p < 0.05). Conclusions: To prevent ETW, strategies offering tailored dietary and hygiene advice should be proposed, considering the specific conditions of each geographic area.

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effectiveness of highly concentrated fluoride products and remineralizing products (F-APC) in preventing erosive dental lesions in competitive swimming patients. A total of 48 teeth were extracted, preserved in saline solution and divided into three groups. In G1 (control group), each tooth was half-immersed in chlorinated pool water; in G2 (fluoride-treated group), after being totally immersed in chlorinated water, each tooth had half of its surface treated with a highly concentrated fluoride product once a week; in G3 (remineralization product-treated group), each tooth was totally immersed in chlorinated water and half of its surface was treated with a remineralizing product after each immersion. The study was conducted over a 4-week period, immersing the teeth for 4 h per day. In G1, statistically significant differences were observed in submerged versus non-submerged tooth surfaces at week 3 (T3) (p = 0.019) and week 4 (T4) (p = 0.0007), with four and eight surfaces showing erosive tooth wear (ETW), respectively. In G2, a difference was observed between fluoride-treated and non-fluoride-treated surfaces at T4 (p = 0.039), with three surfaces with ETW among the non-treated ones. In G3, the difference was observed between portions treated with F-APC and those not treated at T4 (p = 0.019), with four surfaces with ETW among the untreated ones. Chlorinated pool water is a potential erosive agent for teeth if water pH values reach a critical value. Treating the teeth surface with highly concentrated fluoride products, once a week for 5 min, and F-APC are effective in protecting teeth against tooth erosion.

Purpose: This cross-sectional observational study evaluated the frequency of dental erosion in 12-year-old schoolchildren in Hungary and its connection to gender, geographical region, eating/drinking habits, and to socioeconomic factors, such as the educational level of their mothers. Materials and Methods: 579 randomly selected children aged 12 (287 boys and 292 girls) were examined in our cross-sectional study from 14 different regions in Hungary. Clinical examinations were carried out by the same examiner, using the 'Basic Erosive Wear Examination' (BEWE) index. A self-administered questionnaire was filled in by each child, surveying their oral hygiene, nutritional habits and socioeconomic status. Results: 21.2% of the children showed dentitions with signs of erosion. We found statistically significantly higher BEWE scores in urban than in rural areas (p = 0.0058). There was no difference between genders. Among children drinking carbonated soft drinks once or more daily, the prevalence of BEWE score < 3 was statistically significantly lower than among those who consumed these kinds of beverages less frequently (83.6% vs 90%, respectively, p = 0.034). Children of mothers with a highschool diploma had a BEWE score = 3 statistically significantly less frequently than those whose mothers had not graduated from highschool (8.4% vs 22.5%, respectively, p = 0.000). Conclusions: The prevalence of dental erosion among 12-year-old children in Hungary is not as high as reported previously in Western European countries. A positive correlation was observed between the consumption of carbonated soft drinks, the educational level of the mothers and the level of erosion. These factors statistically significantly affected the prevalence and severity of erosive dental lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence between erosive tooth wear (ETW) in association with reflux oesophagitis (RO) has been reported. However, the severity of both diseases and the relationship between ETW and non‐erosive reflux disease (NERD) is unclear. Objectives: The prevalence and severity of ETW were investigated in RO, NERD and healthy controls. Methods: 135 patients with RO, 65 with NERD and 40 healthy controls were recruited for this case–control study. A modified tooth wear index was used to evaluate the prevalence and severity of ETW. Salivary secretion and buffer capacity were assessed prior to endoscopy. The prevalence and severity of ETW, saliva properties among each group were analysed using Pearson's chi‐squared test. Results: A total of 135 cases (56.3%) were categorised as the patient with ETW (55 with mild RO, 49 with severe RO and 31 with NERD). There was a significant relationship between the prevalence of RO and ETW, while there was no significant correlation between the prevalence of NERD and ETW. There was a significant difference related to the severity between RO and ETW. For salivary secretion, there was a significant difference between with and without ETW in patients with mild RO, severe RO and NERD. There was a significant difference between with and without ETW for salivary buffer capacity in patients with mild and severe RO. Conclusion: There was a significant association of the prevalence and severity between RO and ETW. Clinical signs such as ETW and salivary buffer capacity depended on the severity of RO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Dental erosion is a condition that results from exposure of the enamel and dentin to non-bacterial acids of extrinsic and intrinsic origin, causing mineral loss on the surface of the tooth. Occupational exposure to sulfuric acid fumes has been described in association with dental erosion in battery manufacturing industry workers. Hence, this study aimed to assess the dental erosion among battery factory workers in HBL Power Systems Ltd, Hyderabad. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 90 battery factory workers (62 males and 28 females). Demographic data with regard to age, gender, and length of exposure were recorded. Clinical examination was done to assess dental erosion using the tooth wear index given by Smith and Knight. Data were statistically analyzed by using Fisher exact test. P <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among 90 workers examined, 43.3% showed prevalence of erosion with higher occurrence rate in females (54%) than males (38.7%). 66.6% of affected workers had erosion score of 1, and 33.4% showed erosion score of 2 and 3. We also observed statistically significant highest prevalence and increased severity of dental erosion in workers with prolonged duration of employment (>11 years). Conclusion: The present study revealed increased prevalence of dental erosion among battery factory workers. Hence, it highlights the importance of protective measures with efficient surveillance and monitoring in the workplace environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A 10‐year‐old neutered male Chihuahua presented with unilateral dental erosion that occurred after several months of oral medications mixed with honey. A pH test was performed on all oral medications administered to the dogs to determine the cause of enamel erosion. Among the medications, the only acidic medication was clopidogrel (pH 2.65). To evaluate the effect of clopidogrel on the tooth surface under the same conditions as in the present patient, an additional preliminary study was designed in which two extracted teeth of another dog were immersed in a clopidogrel–honey mixture or only in honey. After a 3‐week soaking of the extracted tooth in the clopidogrel–honey mixture, field‐emission scanning electron microscope analysis revealed a rougher surface, whereas energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy analysis showed a reduced Ca/C ratio compared to the control tooth. In this case, prolonged exposure of the tooth surface to clopidogrel may be a cause of dental erosion.

The following article deals with various considerations concerning the frequently observed occurrence of dental erosion in athletes. It summarizes the basics of erosive tooth wear development as well as special etiologic factors for groups of athletes with increased prevalence of dental erosion and concludes with preventive advice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2017 Global Disease Study revealed 2.3 billion untreated cavities and 139 million other oral conditions like dental erosion. Modern treatments prioritise controlling etiological factors and preventing related diseases. This Editorial invites researchers to contribute to the collection, 'Prevention and management of dental erosion and decay'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This clinical study tested cross-polarization optical coherence tomography (CP-OCT) monitoring of erosive tooth wear (ETW). Twenty participants completed a 14-day/arm, 3-arm crossover study simulating different ETW severities. Participants received two enamel specimens (per arm) and were randomized to: severe (s-ETW, lemon juice/pH:2.5/4.25%wt/vol citric acid), moderate (m-ETW, grapefruit juice/pH:3.5/1.03%wt/vol citric acid), and non-ETW (water). Enamel thickness was measured with CP-OCT (day[D] 0, 7, 14) and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT; D14). Enamel surface loss was determined with CP-OCT and optical profilometry (OP; D7, D14). CP-OCT showed higher enamel surface loss for D14 than D7 for m-ETW (P = .009) and s-ETW (P = .040) and differentiated severity at D14 (s-ETW > non-ETW, P = .027). OP was able to differentiate surface loss between days (D7

Aim of the study. The aim of the current study was to identify, analyze and systematize current information on the characteristics of dental erosion and to present a case report describing the clinical steps of a minimally invasive restorative technique in a patient with dental erosion. Methods. A systematic electronic search was carried out in four electronic databases (Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus), selecting articles published form 2018 to present date. After evaluation 55 studies were finally analysed. Results. The most common causes of dental erosion are gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), the consumption of acidic foods and drinks, bulimia, and certain medications. Environmental factors, such as exposure to sports drinks and acidic environmental vapors or industrial chemicals, can also contribute to dental erosion. Preventive measures include reducing risk factors, increasing protective factors and desensitization treatments. Restorative treatment involves minimally invasive additive strategies or more radical options, depending on case severity. Additionally, a case report is presented which describes the clinical steps of the Injection Moulding Technique, used for the management of dental erosion in a GERD patient. Conclusion: Recent years significant advances in understanding dental erosion have important implications for clinical practice and public health and highlight the need for continued targeted research in this area. Injection Moulding Technique is a novel, minimally invasive restorative option in clinical situations dealing with dental erosion, more consistent and predictable than freehand techniques.

OBJECTIVE: This review evaluates the relationship between saliva and dental erosion. The acidic environment that can be established in the mouth leads to dental erosion. Acid pH, low salivary flow, systemic pathologies of patients, intake of acidic foods, and poor oral hygiene contribute to an oral environment that favors the development of dental erosion. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases to assess the role of saliva and dental erosion. The inclusion criteria for the search were: year of publication from January 1st, 2013, to March 1st, 2023, and English language. RESULTS: A total of 3,597 articles covering our topic were found, of which 15 were selected for qualitative analysis. CONCLUSIONS: Saliva protects against erosion by neutralizing and removing intrinsic and extrinsic acids, promoting the formation of an acquired protective film, and providing mineral substrates for remineralization by maintaining homeostasis in the digestive tract and oral cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Beer, red and white wine are acidic drinks whose frequent consumption can increase the risk of dental erosion. Objectives. To establish the effect of beer, red and white wine on the morphology and surface roughness (SR) of human enamel using different exposure times in a cyclic de- and remineralization model in vitro. Materials and methods. The experiment included 33 surgically extracted impacted human third molars from patients aged 18-25 years. Enamel samples obtained by cutting crowns (n = 132) were submitted to alternate cycles of demineralization in (1) beer, (2) red wine, (3) white wine, (PC) positive control (orange juice), and remineralization in artificial saliva, which also represented a medium for negative control (NC). The experiment included cycles with different exposure times in alcoholic beverages and orange juice of 15, 30 and 60 min. Thus, 12 groups were formed (for each drink and each exposure time) containing 10 samples each, while the NC group consisted of 12 samples. Experiments were repeated 3x/day for 10 days. Enamel surface alterations were determined by stylus profilometry (average surface roughness (Ra)) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Shapiro-Wilk test, independent samples Kruskal-Wallis test and multiple comparisons (all pairwise) were performed. Results. With increasing exposure time, there was a positive correlation with Ra for white wine- and orange juice-immersed samples (60 min compared to 15 min), which was also observed using SEM. There was no significant difference in the Ra between the other experimental samples for the same exposure time. Conclusions. This study confirms a certain erosive potential of beer, red and white wine, and a significant relationship with pH, titratable acidity (TA) and SR, but not with the exposure time for all tested alcoholic beverages. Moreover, differences among the ultrastructural patterns caused by alcoholic beverages over the enamel surface were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to evaluate the effects of fluoride varnish (FV), bioactive glass varnish (BV), sodium-trimetaphosphate treated eggshell, and eggshell membrane containing varnish (EV) against dental erosion. In this study, 27 teeth were cut using a low-speed diamond separator. Two 2×3 mm windows were created on buccal surfaces, and the remaining area was covered with acid-resistant nail polish. Fluoride varnish, Bioactive glass varnish, Sodium-trimetaphosphate treated eggshell, and eggshell membrane containing varnish were applied to one of the windows, and the other window was used as a control. Using separate containers, samples were immersed in cola drink for two minutes and shaken gently. Then, the samples were kept in 0.4 ml artificial saliva for two minutes. This pH cycle was repeated four times. The surface properties of the samples were examined in a scanning electron microscope, the Ca, P, F, O, C, Mg and Na ratios were determined, and the Ca/P ratio was calculated. The Ca/P ratio in the area where FV is applied is 1.56, lower than 1.61, the stoichiometric ratio in human enamel. This ratio was 1.50 in the FV control group. The Ca/P ratio was 1.63 in the BV group and 1.51 in the BV control group, 1.63 in the EV group, and 1.52 in the EV control group. No statistical difference was found among the groups. On the enamel surface treated with BV and EV, a protective layer was observed. Against dental erosion, BV and EV can be used as an alternative to fluoride varnishes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemical factors that determine the erosive potential of food and beverages include pH value, mineral content, buffer properties (titratable acidity and buffer capacity), etc. The goal was to determine the pH and titratable acidity (TA) in fourteen commercially available beverages. Five carbonated soft drinks (among them two energy), two sports drinks, two fruit juices, two teas and three alcoholic drinks were evaluated. The initial pH was measured using a pH meter, and TA was determined by titration with NaOH. The pH and TA data were recorded as mean values of triplicate measurements ± standard deviation. The pH values ranged from 2.51 (Guarana No Sleep) to 6.64 (green tea), and TA ranged from 0.54 ml (Coca-Cola) to 4.28 ml (orange juice) of NaOH to reach pH 5.5, and 1.08 ml (chokeberry juice) to 5.83 ml (orange juice) to reach pH 7.0. Literature data suggest that unsaturated substances with low pH and high TA have a high erosive potential. Drinks such as Guarana No sleep, Schweppes Bitter Lemon, Coca Cola and Sprite were found to have a pH below 3.0 and can be extremely erosive (Guarana have the highest TA) if consumed frequently, and with the habit of holding in the mouth. Also, regular and large consumption of drinks with a high TA (orange juice and Red Bull) could increase the risk of dental erosion, regardless of their pH above 3.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to assess the erosive tooth wear (ETW) at early and mature adulthood in subjects with natural normal occlusion. The sample consisted of 23 untreated subjects with normal occlusion. Dental models were taken longitudinally from the same subjects at 13 (T0), 17 (T1) and 60.9 years of age (T2) at a university. Evaluation of ETW was performed using a modified Basic Erosive Wear Examination (BEWE) index. Interphase changes were evaluated using Friedman and Dunn's test. Ordinal logistic regression was used to assess the influence of sex, dental arch, tooth and dental surfaces on the erosive tooth wear. Linear regression was used to evaluate whether the ETW degree at T1 could discriminate the degree of ETW at T2. The significance level adopted was 5%. ETW showed a significant increase with aging. The median ETW index at T0, T1 and T2 was 2, 4 and 7, respectively. ETW was greater in males in the incisors and canines and on the incisal/occlusal and lingual tooth surfaces. No significant differences were found between the maxillary and mandibular arches. Subjects with severe ETW at mature adulthood had greater tooth wear at age 17. In conclusion, ETW significantly increased during aging in subjects with normal occlusion. The greater the degree of tooth wear at early adulthood, the greater the tooth wear at mature adulthood. Preventive care should be recommended during early adulthood in patients demonstrating erosive tooth wear in order to avoid worsening with aging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both eating disorders and dental erosion are increasingly affecting adolescents and young adults. Thus, our systematic review was designed to answer the question: "Is there a relationship between dental erosion and eating disorders?" Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 31 studies were included in this systematic review (according to the PRISMA statement guidelines). Based on the meta-analysis, 54.4% of patients with bulimia nervosa and 26.7% with anorexia nervosa experienced tooth erosion. For the whole group of 1699 patients with eating disorders, erosive lesions were observed in 42.1% of patients. Bulimics were more than 10 times more likely to experience dental erosion compared to healthy individuals (OR = 10.383 [95%CI: 4.882–22.086]). Similarly, more than 16 times increased odds of tooth erosion were found in patients with self-induced vomiting (OR = 16.176 [95%CI: 1.438–181.918]). In conclusion, eating disorders are associated with an increased risk of developing erosive lesions, especially in patients with bulimia nervosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of film-forming polymer solutions of different concentrations and pH values, either associated or not with sodium fluoride (F; 225 ppm F−), when applied during the initial stage of salivary pellicle formation, to prevent the dissolution of hydroxyapatite (HA), which was determined by the pH-stat method. Polyacrylic acid (PA), chitosan, sodium linear polyphosphate (LPP), polyvinyl methyl ether/maleic anhydride (PVM/MA), and propylene glycol alginate (PGA) were tested in three concentrations (lower, medium, and higher), two pH values (native or adjusted), and either associated or not with F. Distilled water, F, and stannous ion+fluoride (Sn/F; 225 ppm F− and 800 ppm Sn2+, as SnCl2) solutions were the controls, totalizing 63 groups. HA crystals were pretreated with human saliva for 1 min to allow pellicle formation, then immersed in the experimental solutions (1 min), and exposed to saliva for another 28 min. Subsequently, they were added to a 0.3% citric acid solution (pH = 3.8), connected to a pH-stat system that added aliquots of 28 μL 0.1 N HCl for a total reaction time of 5 min. Data were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05). For PA alone, the concentrations of 0.1% (native pH), 0.06%, and 0.08% (both pH adjusted) showed significantly lower HA dissolution than the negative control. PA concentrations of 0.1% and 0.08%, of both pH values, improved the effect of F against HA dissolution to a near-identical value as Sn/F. All solutions containing chitosan and LPP significantly reduced HA dissolution in comparison with the control. For chitosan, the concentration of 0.5% (in both pH values) improved the effect of F. LPP at 0.5% (native pH) and all associations of LPP with F outperformed the effect of F. Some PVM/MA solutions significantly reduced HA dissolution but PVM/MA could not improve the protection of F. PGA was incapable of reducing HA dissolution or improving F effect. It was concluded that chitosan, LPP, and some PA and PVM/MA solutions used alone were capable of reducing HA dissolution. Only PA, chitosan, and LPP were able to enhance fluoride protection, but for PA and chitosan, this was influenced by the polymer concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Soft drinks are drinks high in sugar and acidity, but low in nutritional benefits. Despite its great popularity, its consumption is alerted due to the numerous systemic harm caused. Aim: This work aims to provide information and critically review the literature on the risk of soft drink consumption in an integrative view with nutritional, dental, and medical aspects. Methods: A search was carried out based on the identification of the theme, determination of inclusion and exclusion criteria, selection of databases for research and, finally, the reading, interpretation, and discussion of the selected sources. A search was conducted using the keywords: "soft drinks" AND "obesity" OR "dental erosion" OR "diabetes" OR "hypertension" OR "mental health" OR "multimorbidities" in databases PubMed, SciELO, and LILACS between 2017 and 2022. Results: Seventy-six studies were included in the article after the qualitative synthesis. Conclusion: We conclude that the high consumption of soft drinks is associated with oral and general diseases. Therefore, a multi-professional approach to guide patients to moderate the consumption of these beverages is extremely important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dental erosion results from the chemical effect of nonbacteria origin. The causes of dental erosion could be from the intrinsic or extrinsic origin. Dental erosion is a silent disease as symptoms and signs occur gradually. Aims: To assess the knowledge of adults in Saudi Arabia about the causes, signs, symptoms, and factors that increase the possibility of getting dental erosion. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using an online-based self-administrated questionnaire. The sampling was convenient with a snowball effect. It was divided into four sections; demographic data, signs, and symptoms, causes, and factors that increase acidic effect. Results and Discussion: A total of 765 respondents completed the online survey. Looking at dental erosion signs and symptoms, 57% identified chipping of the incisal edge of the teeth, and 47.6% increased teeth translucency. Asking the participants about causes of dental erosion 59% identified soft drinks and citrus fruit, followed by 44% putting lemon near the teeth for a long time. Eighty-three percent of the participants recorded visiting the dentist when noticing signs or symptoms of dental erosion. The responses highlighted dental students had higher level of knowledge compared to other. Conclusion: Increasing public awareness of dental erosion is important, as only a third of all participants were able to identify three or more dental erosion signs and symptoms, and 10% identified 5 out of 8 dental erosion causes. Participants with dental backgrounds showed the highest percentage of identifying dental erosion causes and, signs and symptoms, however, it is still low. Therefore, improving dental erosion learning outcomes should be improved in our colleges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Dental erosion is a disease of the oral cavity where acids cause a loss of tooth enamel and is defined as having no bacterial involvement. The tooth surface is protected from acid attack by salivary proteins that make up the acquired enamel pellicle (AEP). Bacteria have been shown to readily degrade salivary proteins, and some of which are present in the AEP. This study aimed to explore the role of bacteria in dental erosion using a multi-omics approach by comparing saliva collected from participants with dental erosion and healthy controls. Results Salivary proteomics was assessed by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and demonstrated two altered AEP proteins in erosion, prolactin inducible protein (PIP), and zinc-alpha-2 glycoprotein (ZAG). Immunoblotting further suggested that degradation of PIP and ZAG is associated with erosion. Salivary microbiome analysis was performed by sequencing the bacterial 16S rRNA gene (V1-V2 region, Illumina) and showed that participants with dental erosion had a significantly (p

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of stomach and duodenal fluid on enamel surfaces, simulating the action of refluxed liquid in patients with duodenogastric reflux.Methods and Materials: Forty bovine incisors were used to obtain enamel fragments. Only half of the enamel surface was exposed to erosive challenges; the samples were then randomly divided into the following four groups (n = 10): G1: HCl; G2: HCl + pepsin; G3: HCl + ox bile + NaHCO3; and G4: HCl + pancreatin + NaHCO3. The specimens were placed in 37°C solutions, six times per day, for 20 s, over a period of 5 days and then analysed for morphology, surface roughness and the step formed on the dental enamel using confocal laser microscopy. The data were analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's test (p <0.05).Results: Both analyses revealed a higher step and surface roughness for the G3 group (5.6 μm ± 1.69, 2.2 μm ± 1.61), which were statistically significant compared with the G1 and G2 groups (3.9 μm ± 1.5 μm; 1.0 μm ± 0.18; 3.7 μm ± 1.45; and 0.9 μm ± 0.12) (p <0.05); only the step in the G4 group (4.9 μm ± 1.8 μm) was similar to that of the G3 group (p >0.05). Morphological analysis showed greater structural loss in the G3 and G4 groups.Conclusions: Bile and pancreatin, in combination with hydrochloric acid, may promote a greater loss of structure, increased surface roughness and loss of enamel prismatic anatomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate dental enamel wear caused by erosion and abrasion while using a combination of anti-erosive toothbrush/-paste.Materials and Methods: A total of 60 enamel specimens from bovine incisors were randomly assigned into five groups of 12 specimens each (G1-5, n = 12): (G1) control group (no treatment), (G2) standard medium toothbrush Paro M43 and standard toothpaste Elmex Caries Protection, (G3) standard medium toothbrush Paro M43 and anti-erosive toothpaste Elmex Protection Erosion, (G4) anti-erosive toothbrush Elmex Erosion Soft and standard toothpaste Elmex Caries Protection, (G5) anti-erosive toothbrush Elmex Erosion Soft and anti-erosive toothpaste Elmex Protection Erosion. Initially, surface baseline profiles were recorded using profilometry. In a total of 60 cycles, all specimens were exposed to hydrochloric acid (pH = 3) for 1 min, rinsed with tap water to stop the erosive attack and brushed according to the specific protocol of each group (15 brushing strokes per run). Enamel loss was determined by comparing the surface profiles before and after 60 cycles and the results were statistically analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA).Results: The significantly highest loss of enamel was observed in the control group G1(1.4 ± 0.20 µm) (p < 0.001). G2 turned out to be the most abrasive toothbrush/-paste combination (1.12 ± 0.15 µm), G3 the least invasive (0.40 ± 0.04 µm) (p < 0.001, respectively).Conclusion: All combinations of the investigated toothbrushes/-pastes reduce erosive/abrasive enamel wear. However, the highest reduction was observed for the combination of anti-erosive toothpaste and standard toothbrush (G3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Kombuchas and other tea-based beverages are often perceived as healthy products despite the lack of knowledge on their effects on oral health. This in vitro study determined the erosive potential of commercial kombuchas, and ice teas compared to cola drinks. The pH and fluoride content of 7 kombuchas and 18 tea drinks were measured with ion-selective electrodes. Calcium dissolution from hydroxyapatite grains was quantified by atomic absorption spectroscopy after beverage exposure. The effect of beverages on the enamel surface was visualized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Distilled water, and cola drinks were used as negative and positive controls. The kombuchas exhibited lower pH values (2.82–3.66) than the ice teas (2.94–4.86), but still higher than the cola drinks (2.48–2.54). The fluoride concentration varied between 0.05 and 0.46 ppm and for 7 beverages the concentration was below the detection limit. The calcium release for kombuchas was 198–746 mg/l, for ice teas 16.1–507 mg/l, and for cola drinks 57.7–71.9 mg/l. Twenty-two beverages had a significantly greater calcium release than the cola drinks (p =.009–.014). The surface etching of the enamel was seen in the SEM analysis after beverage exposure. Tea-based beverages have even higher erosive potential than cola drinks. Kombuchas especially, displayed a considerable erosive potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To evaluate the effect of acid erosion on different physical properties of resin composite with S-PRG (surface pre-reacted glass) fillers, by conducting simulations of intrinsic and extrinsic sources. Materials and methods: Cylindrical samples (Ø6 vs. 2 mm) of a conventional nanohybrid resin composite (Forma, Ultradent) and of a nanohybrid resin composite with S-PRG filler (Beautifil II, Shofu) were exposed to erosive cycling (5 days), based on (n=12) remineralizing solution (control); 0.3% citric acid (pH=2.6); or 0.01 M hydrochloric acid (pH=2). Roughness (Ra), microhardness (KHN), and color (CIEL*a*b*, CIEDE2000, and Vita scale (SGU)) factors were analyzed at the initial and final time points, and the general color changes (ΔEab, ΔE00, ΔSGU) were calculated. Final images were obtained using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were evaluated by generalized models, Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, and Dunn tests (α=0.05). Results: Regarding KHN, there was no difference between the groups or the time periods (p = 0.74). As for Ra, there was a significant increase in the Ra of both composites after cycling with hydrochloric acid, but only the resin composite with S-PRG filler showed a change in Ra after cycling with citric acid (p = 0.003). After cycling with citric and hydrochloric acid, the highest Ra values were found for the resin composite with S-PRG filler (p < 0.0001), corroborating the result of images (SEM) indicating loss of filler and porosities in this material. The resin composite with S-PRG filler showed higher ΔEab and ΔE00, in addition to more negative ΔSGU values and lower L* values after exposure to both acids, compared to the control (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The acidic conditions altered the roughness and color stability of the materials tested, pointing out that the resin composite containing S-PRG filler showed greater degradation of its physical properties than the conventional resin composite. Clinical relevance: Bioactive materials are relevant, considering that their properties interact with dental hard tissues; however, the S-PRG-based resin composite showed greater degradation under acidic conditions than the conventional resin composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aim: Helicobacter pylori is found in the stomach and the oral cavity, which plays a significant role in oral diseases and recurrent gastric infections. This study aimed to detect the presence of oral H. pylori and investigate its potential association with dental caries and erosion. Materials and Methods: Saliva and plaque samples were collected from two groups: a study group of 40 H. pylori-infected patients, confirmed by immunological tests, and a control group included 40 subjects who were given negative results after laboratory examination. Molecular detection of H. pylori was performed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Additionally, clinical assessments of dental caries and erosions were conducted. Results: The study group showed a higher prevalence of H. pylori in saliva (62.5%) compared to dental plaque (45.0%). Among the study group, 70% tested positive for H. pylori by PCR, while 30% tested negative. Dental caries experience (DMFS) wasslightly higherin the study group compared to the control group, and significant differencesin (DS) and (DMFT) (p<0.05). The prevalence of dental erosion was also higher in the study group compared to the control group. Conclusion: The presence of H. pylori in the oral cavity represents an important risk factor for dental caries and erosion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]