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В статье представлены результаты исследования основных тенденций демографического поведения молодежи Владимирской области, спрогнозированы возможные последствия его влияния на характер социально-экономического развития региона. Определены понятие и показатели демографического поведения, дана характеристика молодежи региона как социально-демографической группы. На основе оценки комплекса официальных статистических данных и анализа результатов опроса молодежи обозначены основные проблемы и характер взаимосвязи демографических и экономических процессов в регионе. Результаты анализа могут быть использованы органами регионального и муниципального управления в процессах разработки и реализации стратегии развития территории., The article presents the results of the study of the main trends in the demographic behavior of young people in the Vladimir region; author predicted the possible consequences of its influence on the nature of the socio-economic development of the region. Concept and indicators of demographic behavior are defined; the characteristics of the youth of the region as a socio-demographic group are given. Based on an assessment of a set of official statistical data and an analysis of the results of a survey of young people, author identified the main problems and the nature of the relationship between demographic and economic processes in the region. Regional and municipal authorities can use results of the analysis in the process of developing and implementing a territory development strategy., Экономика и предпринимательство, Выпуск 1 (150) 2023, Pages 587-591

El análisis multitemporal de los últimos 20 años para el territorio objeto de estudio que reposa dentro de este informe académico, pretende en un primer momento, la comprensión de la conformación socioespacial del lugar y un reconocimiento de la realidad de las diferentes situaciones que dinamizan el entorno en que se generan los planteamientos de ordenanza, vistos desde la Gestión del Territorio y el Desarrollo Local. Estos dos ejes temáticos, permiten generar especificidades y encontrar aquellos desbalances dentro de la normativa aplicada para este caso de estudio en particular, además, de dosificar y enmarcar las variables con las cuales se determinan las áreas que presentan conflictos de uso del suelo, inconsistencias en la proyección de las áreas destinadas para expansión urbana, incompatibilidad de usos en el perímetro urbano y clarificar los vacíos en el PBOT del municipio. A su vez, el análisis de este informe académico se adhiere a lo legislado en el orden nacional como lo son decretos, resoluciones y leyes concernientes a la ordenanza territorial; con el fin de que cada proyección arrojada por las evaluaciones realizadas, se fundamente y tenga armonía por lo demandado por el ordenamiento jurídico. Para el caso específico de Ábrego, Norte de Santander, estas variables implementadas para la comprensión del territorio, terminan por evidenciar las diversas problemáticas que se han engendrado en los últimos 20 años – años 2000, 2020 – y que, al día de hoy, siguen fracturando las condiciones de habitabilidad de la población, provocando también, el desaceleramiento en el proceso de planificación y retrasando el desarrollo del municipio. The multitemporal analysis of the last 20 years for the territory under study that lies within this academic report, aims at first, the understanding of the socio-spatial conformation of the place and a recognition of the reality of the different situations that energize the environment in which the ordinance approaches are generated, seen from the Management of the Territory and Local Development. These two thematic axes, allow generating specificities and finding those imbalances within the regulations applied for this particular case study, in addition, to dose and frame the variables with which the areas that present land use conflicts, inconsistencies in the projection of the areas destined for urban expansion, incompatibility of uses in the urban perimeter and clarify the gaps in the PBOT of the municipality are determined. At the same time, the analysis of this academic report adheres to national legislation such as decrees, resolutions and laws concerning the territorial ordinance, so that each projection resulting from the evaluations made is based on and in harmony with the legal requirements. For the specific case of Abrego, Norte de Santander, these variables implemented for the understanding of the territory, end up evidencing the various problems that have arisen in the last 20 years - years 2000, 2020 - and that, to this day, continue to fracture the conditions of habitability of the population, causing also, the slowdown in the planning process and delaying the development of the municipality. Especialista en Gestión Territorial y Avalúos http://unidadinvestigacion.usta.edu.co Especialización

This article investigates the demographic behavior of two regions in southern Brazil: that of the Regional Development Council (Corede Celeiro), in Rio Grande do Sul, and the Association of Municipalities in the Far West of Santa Catarina (AMEOSC), in the years 2000 and 2010. The study is divided into three themes: fecundity, aging and the migratory pattern. The intention is to verify how the demographic transition process is taking place by establishing a comparison between the regions and identifying possibilities for actions to minimize the effects of this new dynamic. The research, which has a qualitative methodology, is of a descriptive-exploratory nature. Considering that in the year 2020, there was no Demographic Census due to the new Coronavirus, for the study, data from the last two IBGE Censuses were used, in addition to previous research on such regions. As a result, it was observed that the Corede Celeiro region had a significant population loss, mainly in the number of children and Economically Active Population (PEA); the elderly segment increased, signaling an advanced demographic transition process. In the AMEOSC region, there was an increase in the number of inhabitants, a reduction in fecundity and an increase in the number of elderly people, also demonstrating a process of demographic transition, although even more intense than Celeira region. It was also found that a significant exchange of population between the two regions, a fact that highlights the relevance that geographical proximity has for the regional development. Este artículo investiga el comportamiento demográfico de dos regiones del sur de Brasil: la del Consejo de Desarrollo Regional (Corede Celeiro), en Rio Grande do Sul, y la Asociación de Municipios del Lejano Oeste de Santa Catarina (AMEOSC), en los años 2000 y 2010. El estudio se divide en tres temas: fecundidad, envejecimiento y patrón migratorio. La intención es verificar cómo se está dando el proceso de transición demográfica estableciendo una comparación entre las regiones e identificando posibilidades de acciones para minimizar los efectos de esta nueva dinámica. La investigación, que tiene una metodología cualitativa, es de carácter descriptivo-exploratorio. Teniendo en cuenta que en el año 2020 no ocurrió Censo Demográfico por el nuevo Coronavirus, para el estudio se utilizaron datos de los dos últimos Censos del IBGE, además de investigaciones previas en dichas regiones. Como resultado, se observó que la región del Corede Celeiro tuvo una importante pérdida de población, principalmente en el número de niños y población económicamente activa (PEA); el segmento de ancianos aumentó, lo que indica un proceso de transición demográfica avanzado. En la región AMEOSC, hubo un aumento en el número de habitantes, una reducción de la fecundidad y un aumento en el número de personas mayores, lo que también demuestra un proceso de transición demográfica, aunque más intenso que en la región Celeira. También se encontró que existe un importante intercambio de población entre las dos regiones, hecho que resalta la relevancia que tiene la proximidad geográfica para el desarrollo regional. Este artigo investiga o comportamento demográfico de duas regiões do sul do Brasil: a do Conselho Regional de Desenvolvimento (Corede Celeiro), no Rio Grande do Sul e a Associação dos Municípios do Extremo Oeste de Santa Catarina (AMEOSC), nos anos de 2000 e 2010. O estudo desdobra-se em três temáticas: a fecundidade, o envelhecimento e o padrão migratório. A intenção é verificar como está ocorrendo o processo de transição demográfica estabelecendo um comparativo entre as regiões e identificando possibilidades de ações para minimizar os efeitos dessa nova dinâmica. A pesquisa, que possui metodologia qualitativa, é de natureza descritivo-exploratória. Considerando que no ano de 2020 não houve a realização do Censo Demográfico em decorrência do novo Coronavírus, para o estudo foram utilizados os dados oriundos dos últimos dois Censos do IBGE, além de pesquisas anteriores sobre tais regiões. Como resultados, observou-se que a região Corede Celeiro teve uma perda populacional significativa, principalmente no quantitativo de crianças e de População Economicamente Ativa (PEA); já o segmento idoso aumentou, sinalizando um avançado processo de transição demográfica. Na região AMEOSC houve um aumento no número de habitantes, redução na fecundidade e crescimento no contingente de idosos, demonstrando também passar por um processo de transição demográfica, porém ainda mais intenso que a região Celeira. Verificou-se também uma significativa troca de população, fato que ressalta a relevância que a proximidade geográfica possui para o desenvolvimento regional.

The demographic problem is a topical issue for the Bulgarian society. It is the result of a long socio-economic process that began in the 1920s. The author agrees that the solution of the demographic problem depends both on the correct demographic policy of the state and on the conscious demographic behavior of each of its citizens.

The purpose of this article is a comprehensive study of reproductive attitudes of young people in the integrity of the affective, cognitive and conative components which determine readiness for certain demographic behavior (creating a family, the birth of a definite number of children, age at marriage, migration, etc.). The scientific novelty of the results obtained is that for the first time, on the basis of research that held for ten years, a comparative analysis of the changes in reproductive attitudes of young people and conclusions about their impact on demographic behavior were made. Methodology. The system approach used in the work gave an opportunity to comprehensively study the reproductive attitudes of youth in the unity of all their components; historical and demographic discourse – to identify the peculiarities of the formation of reproductive attitudes in different historical periods; normative method – to evaluate the influence of state programs and measures on stimulation of reproductive behavior; statistical and comparative analysis – to process statistical dates and survey results. As a result of the research, the reproductive attitudes of young people were studied and conclusions were drawn. Attitudes have the following components: cognitive (intention to plan the birth of children, to create a family at a certain age, etc.); affective (emotional perception of family relationships, positive or negative attitude towards the birth of children, etc.); conative (behavioral components that characterize the intensity of motivation, resistance of reproductive attitudes, etc.). Based on reproductive attitudes are formed and reproductive needs and in the following motivations: economic (for example, motives for improving the material situation of the family, migrating to foreign countries), social (motives for raising social status, the desire to transfer experience to subsequent generations, etc.), psychological (need for love, care for children, avoidance of loneliness, etc.). It is important to identify and incorporate social attitudes for young people in the formation of an effective youth policy and the development of state youth programs for the preservation of reproductive health., {"references":["Vseukrainskyi perepys naselennya 2001 roku [All-Ukrainian Population Census of 2001]. Derzhavnyi komitet statystyky Ukrainy. Retrieved from: http://2001.ukrcensus.gov.ua/results/general/language/","Deiaki pytannia pryznacheniya i vyplaty dopomohy simiam z ditmy : Postanova KM Ukrainy vid 21.04.2005. № 315 [Some issues of appointment and payment of assistance to families with children: Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine dated April 21, 2005 № 315]. Kyiv, Ukraine. Retrieved from: http://zakon2.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/315-2005-п","Dity, zhinky ta simia v Ukraini : statyst. zb. (2016) [Children, women and family in Ukraine : statistical compilation]. Kyiv, Ukraine : DSS Ukrainy."]}

Актуальность историкодемографических исследований во многом обусловлена сложностью современных мировых и региональных демографических процессов, оказывающих большое влияние на устойчивое развитие как национальных государств, так и отдельных этносов. Цель данной статьи основываясь на анализе материалов демографической статистики, этнографических и сравнительноисторических исследований, трудов по экологии и биологии высокогорных популяций, показать специфику модели демографического поведения в традиционном балкарском обществе. Научная новизна исследования состоит в том, что впервые историческая демография Балкарии рассматривается в русле концепции этнической адаптации, понимаемой нами как процесс и результат взаимодействия фактора природногеографической среды (этноландшафта), созданного в ее рамках хозяйственнокультурного типа (системы жизнеобеспечения) и народонаселения (этноса) с его демографическими параметрами (уровни рождаемости, смертности и брачности, семейная организация, возрастнополовая структура, здоровье населения). Динамика и уровень демографических показателей вместе с созданной балкарцами системой жизнеобеспечения, рассматриваются нами как критерии адаптированности этноса к своей, во многом экстремальной, природногеографической среде проживания. В результате проведенного междисциплинарного исследования делается следующий вывод: модель демографического поведения традиционного балкарского общества есть результат длительного процесса адаптации к условиям высокогорья, задающего свои особенные параметры и ограничения репродуктивного и брачного поведения населения, послужившие основой устойчивого существования небольшого по численности этноса в условиях экстремальной природной среды., The relevance of historical and demographic research is largely due to the complexity of the modern world and regional demographic processes, which have a great impact on the sustainable development of both national states and individual ethnic groups. The purpose of this article is to show the features of demographic behavior model that has developed in traditional Balkar society based on the analysis of materials of demographic statistics, ethnographic and comparative historical studies, works on the ecology and biology of high mountain populations. The scientific novelty of this study is that for the first time the historical demography of Balkaria is considered here in line with the concept of ethnic adaptation, understood as the process and result of the interaction of the factor of thenaturalgeographical environment (ethnic landscape) created within its framework of economic and cultural type (life support system) and population (ethnic group) with its demographic parameters (levels of fertility, mortality and nuptiality, family organization, age and sex structure, public health). The dynamics and level of demographic indicators, together with the life support system created by the Balkars, are considered by us as criteria for the ethnos to be adapted to their own, in many ways extreme, naturalgeographical living environment. To achieve the stated goal, taking into account the interdisciplinary nature of this study, we used general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis such historical methods as historicalgenetic, historicalcomparative, historicaltypological demographic methods such as methods of demographic coefficients and models. As a result of the study, the following conclusion is made: this model is the result of a long process of adaptation to the conditions of the highlands, which specifies its particular parameters and limitations of the reproductive and marital behavior of the population, which served as the basis for the sustainable existence of a small ethnic group in the conditions of extreme natural environment., №31(70) (2019)

В статье рассматривается трансформация положения женской части сельского населения Дальнего Востока СССР в 1970-х – первой половине 1980-х годов под влиянием целого ряда причин. Особенности географического положения региона, уровень его развития, ускорение процессов жизнедеятельности на селе, быстрое распространение информации и другие факторы оказывали значительное влияние на сельских женщин. Это влияние было противоречивым и неоднозначным. С одной стороны, изменялась роль женщины в семье, возрастала ее активность как работника, повышалось благосостояние, культурный и образовательный уровень, но, с другой стороны, становясь более независимой, женщина стремилась к лучшим условиям труда и жизни, карьерному росту, увеличению свободного времени для отдыха, что в сельской местности было затруднительно. Несмотря на особое внимание государства к Дальнему Востоку и проведение мероприятий, направленных на развитие сельской местности, жизнь в деревнях не отвечала «урбанизированным» взглядам местных жительниц. Результатом такой трансформации стала ориентация на малодетность для значительной части молодых сельчанок и переезд в городскую местность, воспринимаемую на фоне села как несравнимо лучшее место жительства., The paper analyzes the transformation of the female rural population position of the Far East in the USSR in 1970 – the first half of 1980 under the influence of a set of factors. The peculiarities of the geographical location of the region, its level of development, acceleration of life processes in rural areas, rapid dissemination of information and other factors had a significant impact on rural women. This influence was controversial and ambiguous. On the one hand, the role of a woman in the family changed, her activity as an employee increased, her wellbeing, cultural and educational level increased. On the other hand, becoming more independent, the woman aspired to better working and living conditions, career growth, free time increase, but in rural areas it was difficult. Despite the special attention of the state to the Far East and the activities aimed at the development of rural areas, life in the villages did not meet the «urban» views of local residents. The result of this transformation was a focus on childlessness for a large part of young people and moving to urban areas. Against the background of the village it was perceived as an incomparably better place of residence.

Demographic behavior is determined by the socio-economic and educational factors of a couple, as well as by the legislative restrictions in force; in this respect, our country appears as a negative model. Nowadays, for attaining a responsible demographic behavior, Romania still uses the natural, traditional abortive or contraceptive methods, to the detriment of the instrumental or hormonal ones, known as having a more reduced economic accessibility. Therefore, contraceptive education appears as a necessary condition for a healthy reproduction programme.

Considering the scope of the study, the questions that should be answered and the hypotheses to be confirmed/refuted were the following:in various (territorial, occupational, school) collectivities of the district of Iaşi, the demographic behavior depends on: age of the woman, religion, ethnics, residence environment (urban/rural), level and duration of general and professional education, occupation, the actual trend observed being a decrease in the number of children, mainly comparatively with the previous generations;whichever the aspects differentiating the groups here under investigation, women have only scarce information on topics like demographic behavior and family planning; However, women are interested in obtaining information on these aspects.

The aim of this study is to discuss the role of education in the process of development of poor countries. The study is dividend into five sections, each of which is concerned with the relationship of education with one of the development indicators. Sections frame the given issue within a macro perspective, analyse the underlying micromechanisms and present specific examples found in the case studies. Overall, it has been illustrated that while the macrorelationship between education and development at the global level is quite evident, the specific individual mechanisms which enable such relationship are very diverse and dependent on the context in which they work. Analýza vztahu vzdělání a rozvoje Ve studii je diskutován vztah vzdělání a rozvoje, který je zde zkoumán na několika úrovních. Od globální, kde ho lze v rámci jednotlivých zemí zcela evidentně doložit, až na úroveň „mikromechanismů“, které za „makrovztahem“ mezi vzděláním a rozvojem stojí. Na základě rešerše přibližně 100 odborných studií jsou tyto mikromechanismy rozděleny do pěti kategorií – dimenzí lidského rozvoje (ekonomické chování, demografické chování, zdraví, genderová nerovnost a migrace). Kategorizace přitom není snadná – jednotlivé mikromechanismy se prolínají a často lze některé z nich zařadit do více kategorií najednou, což vypovídá o jejich provázanosti. Vzdělání je naprosto zásadním činitelem v procesu rozvoje, nicméně se uskutečňuje s pomocí řady mechanismů, které je třeba považovat za lokálně specifické. V předkládané studii byl doložen nejsilnější vztah mezi vzděláním a změnou kulturních vzorců spojených především s růstem postavení žen. Vzdělání není samo o sobě dostačujícím faktorem, protože bez změn (socioekonomických, kulturních a politických) ve společnosti může být jeho vliv značně snížen.

Статье анализируются некоторые аспекты демографической политики РФ, связанные с депопуляцией населения в 1990-е гг. прошлого столетия. Используя официальные оценки состояния, целей, задач, средств и трудностей процесса народ сбережения в России в текущие и предстоящие десятилетия, автор выделяет четыре основные противоречия, преодоление которых, по его мнению, обеспечит продуктивное решение поставленных задачхи реализацию намеченных стратегических государственных прожектов: а) неблагополучие экологии здоровьесбережения; б) приоритетность: производства капитала или человека; в) диссонанс межпоколенческих интересов в родительской семье; г) традиции и новации в процессе социализации поколений. Активизацию массового демографического поведения российских семей, в частности, выход отечественного социума в режим расширенного воспроизводства населения, автор связывает, прежде всего, с формированием в сознании молодых людей приоритета устойчивой модели собственной молодой семьи с 2–3 детьми. Опросы, на данные которых опираются автор статьи, проводились им в 2003–2017 гг. в учебных заведениях и на предприятиях как Уральского, так и в других регионов РФ. In article some aspects of population policy of the Russian Federation connected with depopulation of the population in the 90th years of last century are analyzed. Using official estimates of a state, the purposes, tasks, means and difficulties of process of a narodosberezheniye in Russia in the current and forthcoming decades, the author allocates four main contradictions which overcoming, according to him, will provide productively to solve objectives and to realize the planned strategic state pipe dreams. It contradictions: a) «trouble of ecology health-saving»; b) «priority: production of the CAPITAL or production of the PERSON»; c) «a dissonance of intergenerational interests in parental family» and d) «traditions — innovations in the course of socialization of generations». In particular, an exit of domestic society to the mode of expanded reproduction of the population the author connects activization of demographic behavior of the Russian families, first of all, with formation in consciousness of young people of a priority of steady model of own young family with 2–3 children. Polls, on which data are based the author of article, were held by him in 2003–2017 in educational institutions and at the enterprises both in Ural, and to others of regions of the Russian Federation. Статья выполнена при поддержке Программы Президиума РАН № 6 Проект «Научно-методический инструментарий социоэкономической оценки ресурсообеспеченности домохозяйств как фактора динамичного развития регионов № 18–6–7–39.

This article analyzes some aspects of the youth consciousness in the sphere of family and marriage projective construction. Features the valuable orientations of girls, young men and their parents in the field of the matrimonial relations at the choice of the partner of life and creation their own young family, the birth and education of posterity, preservation of the marriage union. Polls based on the authors were held them in 1999-2016 in the Urals and in the other regions of the Russian Federation. The authors based on the polls which have been conducted by them in 1999-2016 in the Urals and in other regions of the Russian Federation. В статье анализируются некоторые аспекты молодёжного сознания в сфере прожективного семейно-брачного строительства. Выявляются особенности ценностных ориентаций девушек, юношей и их родителей в сфере матримониальных отношений: при выборе спутника жизни и создании собственной молодой семьи, рождении и воспитании потомства, сохранении брачного союза. Опросы, на данные которых опираются авторы статьи, проводились ими в 1999-2017 гг., как на Урале, так и в других регионах РФ.

We propose a typology of different meanings of cohabitation that combines cohabiters' intentions to marry with a general attitude toward marriage, using competing risk analyses to examine whether some cohabiters are more prone than others to marry or to separate. Using data (N = 1,258) from four waves of the German Family Panel (PAIRFAM) and a supplementary study (DEMODIFF), we compared eastern and western German cohabiters of the birth cohorts 1971-73 and 1981-83. Western Germans more frequently view cohabitation as a step in the marriage process, whereas eastern Germans more often cohabit as an alternative to marriage. Taking into account marital attitudes reveals that cohabiters without marriage plans differ from those with plans in their relationship careers, and also shows that cohabiters who plan to marry despite holding a less favourable view of marriage are less likely to realize their plans than cohabiters whose intentions and attitudes are more congruent.

The main results of population demographics attitudes research in contemporary Russia, and social factors of its forming are presented in this article. The research object were population groups, which should reproduce generation in present, in the near future, in the medium term. The found factors of demographic attitudes forming were ranked by sort (positive, mixed, negative) and intensity (strong, moderate, weak) effects on each of these population groups. This information will enable better planning of state demographic policy measures.