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Background: This study aimed to explore the electrophysiological characteristics of resting-state electroencephalography (rsEEG) in patients with visuospatial neglect (VSN) after stroke. Methods: A total of 44 first-event sub-acute strokes after right hemisphere damage (26 with VSN and 18 without VSN) were included. Besides, 18 age-matched healthy participants were used as healthy controls. The restingstate electroencephalography (EEG) of 64 electrodes was recorded to obtain the power of the spectral density of different frequency bands. The global delta/alpha ratio (DAR), DAR over the affected hemispheres (DARAH), DAR over the unaffected hemispheres (DARUH), and the pairwise-derived brain symmetry index (pdBSI; global and four bands) were compared between groups and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted. The Barthel index (BI), Fugl-Meyer motor function assessment (FMA), and Berg balance scale (BBS) were used to assess the functional state of patients. Visuospatial neglect was assessed using a battery of standardized tests. Results: We found that patients with VSN performed poorly compared with those without VSN. Analysis of rsEEG revealed increased delta and theta power and decreased alpha and beta power in stroke patients with VSN. Compared to healthy controls and poststroke non-VSN patients, patients with VSN showed a higher DAR (P < 0.001), which was significantly positively correlated with the BBS (DAR: r = –0.522, P = 0.006; DARAH: r = –0.521, P = 0.006; DARUH: r = –0.494, P = 0.01). The line bisection task was positively correlated with DAR (r = 0.458, P = 0.019) and DARAH (r = 0.483, P = 0.012), while the star cancellation task was only positively correlated with DARAH (r = 0.428, P = 0.029). DARAH had the best discriminating value between VSN and non-VSN, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.865. Patients with VSN showed decreased alpha power in the parietal and occipital areas of the right hemisphere. A higher parieto-occipital pdBSIalpha was associated with a worse line bisection task (r = 0.442, P = 0.024). Conclusion: rsEEG may be a useful tool for screening for stroke patients with visuospatial neglect, and DAR and parieto-occipital pdBSIalpha may be useful biomarkers for visuospatial neglect after stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neurofeedback training (NFT) has been shown to be effective in treating several disorders (eg, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], anxiety, and depression); however, little is currently known regarding the effectiveness of remote NFT systems. Objective: This retrospective study provides real-world data (N=593) to assess the efficacy of app-based remote NFT in improving brain health and cognitive performance. Methods: Improvement was measured from pre- to postintervention of in-app assessments that included validated symptom questionnaires (the 12-item General Health Questionnaire, the ADHD Rating Scale IV, the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale, the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, and the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire), a cognitive test of attention and executive functioning (ie, continuous performance task), and resting electroencephalography (EEG) markers. Clinically significant improvement was evaluated using standard approaches. Results: The greatest improvement was reported for the anxiety questionnaire, for which 69% (68/99) of participants moved from abnormal to healthy score ranges. Overall, adult and child participants who engaged in neurofeedback to improve attention and executive functions demonstrated improved ADHD scores and enhanced performance on a cognitive (ie, response inhibition) task. Adults with ADHD additionally demonstrated elevated delta/alpha and theta/alpha ratios at baseline and a reduction in the delta/alpha ratio indicator following neurofeedback. Conclusions: Preliminary findings suggest the efficacy of app-based remote neurofeedback in improving mental health, given the reduced symptom severity from pre- to postassessment for general psychological health, ADHD, anxiety, and depression, as well as adjusted resting EEG neural markers for individuals with symptoms of ADHD. Collectively, this supports the utility of the in-app assessment in monitoring behavioral and neural indices of mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study describes the electroencephalographic changes that occur during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in animals submitted to transient focal cerebral ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 30 min. For this, male Wistar rats were divided into two groups (n = 6 animals/group): (1) sham (control) group, and (2) ischemic/reperfusion group. The quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) was recorded during the ischemic and immediate reperfusion (acute) phases, and then once a day for 7 days after the MCAO (subacute phase). The acute phase was characterized by a marked increase in the relative delta wave band power (p < 0.001), with a smaller, but significant increase in the relative alpha wave bandpower in the ischemic stroke phase, in comparison with the control group (p = 0.0054). In the immediate reperfusion phase, however, there was an increase in the theta, alpha, and beta waves bandpower (p < 0.001), but no alteration in the delta waves (p = 0.9984), in comparison with the control group. We also observed high values in the delta/theta ratio (DTR), the delta/alpha ratio (DAR), and the (delta+theta)/(alpha+beta) ratio (DTABR) indices during the ischemia (p < 0.05), with a major reduction in the reperfusion phase. In the subacute phase, the activity of all the waves was lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05), although the DTR, DAR, and DTABR indices remained relatively high. In conclusion, early and accurate identification of decreased delta wave bandpower, DTR, DAR, and DTABR indices, and an increase in the activity of other waves in the immediate reperfusion phase may represent an important advance for the recognition of the effectiveness of reperfusion therapy.

The present study describes the electroencephalographic changes that occur during cerebral ischemia and reperfusion in animals submitted to transient focal cerebral ischemia by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 30 min. For this, male Wistar rats were divided into two groups (n = 6 animals/group): (1) sham (control) group, and (2) ischemic/reperfusion group. The quantitative electroencephalography (qEEG) was recorded during the ischemic and immediate reperfusion (acute) phases, and then once a day for 7 days after the MCAO (subacute phase). The acute phase was characterized by a marked increase in the relative delta wave band power (p < 0.001), with a smaller, but significant increase in the relative alpha wave bandpower in the ischemic stroke phase, in comparison with the control group (p = 0.0054). In the immediate reperfusion phase, however, there was an increase in the theta, alpha, and beta waves bandpower (p < 0.001), but no alteration in the delta waves (p = 0.9984), in comparison with the control group. We also observed high values in the delta/theta ratio (DTR), the delta/alpha ratio (DAR), and the (delta+theta)/(alpha+beta) ratio (DTABR) indices during the ischemia (p < 0.05), with a major reduction in the reperfusion phase. In the subacute phase, the activity of all the waves was lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05), although the DTR, DAR, and DTABR indices remained relatively high. In conclusion, early and accurate identification of decreased delta wave bandpower, DTR, DAR, and DTABR indices, and an increase in the activity of other waves in the immediate reperfusion phase may represent an important advance for the recognition of the effectiveness of reperfusion therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to explore the electrophysiological characteristics of resting-state electroencephalography (rsEEG) in patients with visuospatial neglect (VSN) after stroke., Methods: A total of 44 first-event sub-acute strokes after right hemisphere damage (26 with VSN and 18 without VSN) were included. Besides, 18 age-matched healthy participants were used as healthy controls. The resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) of 64 electrodes was recorded to obtain the power of the spectral density of different frequency bands. The global delta/alpha ratio (DAR), DAR over the affected hemispheres (DAR AH ), DAR over the unaffected hemispheres (DAR UH ), and the pairwise-derived brain symmetry index (pdBSI; global and four bands) were compared between groups and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted. The Barthel index (BI), Fugl-Meyer motor function assessment (FMA), and Berg balance scale (BBS) were used to assess the functional state of patients. Visuospatial neglect was assessed using a battery of standardized tests., Results: We found that patients with VSN performed poorly compared with those without VSN. Analysis of rsEEG revealed increased delta and theta power and decreased alpha and beta power in stroke patients with VSN. Compared to healthy controls and poststroke non-VSN patients, patients with VSN showed a higher DAR ( P < 0.001), which was significantly positively correlated with the BBS (DAR: r = -0.522, P = 0.006; DAR AH : r = -0.521, P = 0.006; DAR UH : r = -0.494, P = 0.01). The line bisection task was positively correlated with DAR ( r = 0.458, P = 0.019) and DAR AH ( r = 0.483, P = 0.012), while the star cancellation task was only positively correlated with DAR AH ( r = 0.428, P = 0.029). DAR AH had the best discriminating value between VSN and non-VSN, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.865. Patients with VSN showed decreased alpha power in the parietal and occipital areas of the right hemisphere. A higher parieto-occipital pdBSI alpha was associated with a worse line bisection task ( r = 0.442, P = 0.024)., Conclusion: rsEEG may be a useful tool for screening for stroke patients with visuospatial neglect, and DAR and parieto-occipital pdBSI alpha may be useful biomarkers for visuospatial neglect after stroke., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Zhang, Ye, Cao and Song.)