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The Indian subcontinent is highly susceptible to natural disasters. To abate the effect of the disasters, the government emanates institutional mechanisms and strategies for disaster preparedness, mitigation and response. Although there is well-established institutional framework in India for disaster management, there is no study that proposes a disaster supply chain structure under the institutional framework and integrates information and digital technologies (IDT) of industry 4.0 within it. The present study overcomes this research gap. It introduces an IDT structure within the institutional framework of India for multi-agency information sharing, coordination and decision making. It formulates a mathematical model and analyses the impact of IDT on the total response time through three scenarios. The results of scenario analysis reveal the significance of IDT on the disaster supply chains and its capability to handle information delays and IDT failure. The present study can be adopted by disaster management institutions to construct and implement better response practices at the operational, planning and strategic levels. Furthermore, the proposed model in the study can be used for vaccination planning, which includes vaccine distribution, monitoring, regulation and effective implmentation as a response against the current pandemic situation caused due to SARS-CoV-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with the propagation phenomena for the nonlocal reaction-diffusion monostable equation with delay of the form ∂ u (t , x) ∂ t = d Δ u (t , x) + f (u (t , x) , ∫ R J (x − y) u (t − τ , y) d y) , t > 0 , x ∈ R. It is well-known that if we take J (x) = δ (x) and τ = 0 , there exists a minimal wave speed c ⁎ > 0 , such that this equation has no traveling wave front for 0 < c < c ⁎ and a traveling wave front for each c ≥ c ⁎ , which is unique up to translation and is globally asymptotically stable. Furthermore, when J is symmetry and exponentially bounded and τ > 0 , Wang et al. (2008) [27] considered the effects of delay and nonlocality on the spreading speed and proved that (i) if ∂ 2 f (0 , 0) > 0 , then the delay can slow the spreading speed of the wave fronts and the nonlocality can increase the spreading speed; and (ii) if ∂ 2 f (0 , 0) = 0 , then the delay and nonlocality do not affect the spreading speed. However, when J is asymmetry or exponentially unbounded , the question was left open. In this paper we obtain a rather complete answer to this question. More precisely, we show that for exponentially bounded kernels the minimal speed of traveling waves exists and coincides with the spreading speed. We also investigate the case of exponentially unbounded kernels where we prove the non-existence of traveling wave solutions and obtain upper and lower bounds for the position of any level set of the solutions. These bounds allow us to estimate how the solutions spread, depending on the kernels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses a class of delayed Clifford-valued shunting inhibitory cellular neural networks. Firstly, we obtain several sufficient conditions for the existence of weighted pseudo almost periodic solutions for Clifford-valued shunting inhibitory cellular neural networks with delays by applying the non-decomposition method and Banach fixed point theorem. Secondly, we get the finite-time stability for Clifford-valued shunting inhibitory cellular neural networks with delays by using inequality techniques. Finally, we give one illustrative example to illustrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the main results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 20% of patients sustaining a fragility femur fracture use an anticoagulant, and over 30% use an antiplatelet medication, both of which can result in surgical delay. Previously confined to fractures of the proximal femur, performance assessment, outcome and surgical delay is now assessed for all fractures of the femur in older patients, including those involving implants. This narrative review draws together all literature pertaining to anticoagulation and antiplatelet management in older patients with a fracture of the femur to address 5 key points: prevalence of anticoagulant and antiplatelet use; analysis of management protocols; collation of national guidelines; comparison of perioperative management; timing of surgery and perioperative outcomes. Our review found that the prevalence of fragility femur fracture patients taking anticoagulant and antiplatelet medication ranges from 20–40% and 25–35% respectively. More anticoagulated patients are taking direct oral anticoagulants compared to vitamin k antagonists with growing implications for variation in practice and delays to surgery. Several national guidelines exist although these are characterised by marked variation, there is little standardisation, and none are generalised across all fragility femur fractures. Expedited surgery within 36 hours of admission in patients taking an anticoagulant or antiplatelet medication is safe and has been demonstrated in fractures of the proximal femur across many small number studies although no such evidence exists in non-proximal femur fractures despite this population sharing similar characteristics. There is a need for all fractures of the femur in older people to be considered when researching and assessing performance in this population to prevent needless variation and delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mathematical model plays a significant role in describing the mutual interaction of various chemical compositions in chemistry. In this present work, we formulate a new plankton–oxygen dynamical model owning delay. By virtue of fixed point theorem, inequality techniques and construction of function, we set up the conditions on existence and uniqueness, non-negativeness and boundedness of the solution to the formulated plankton–oxygen model. Taking advantage of bifurcation and stability theory of delayed differential equation, we explore the existence of bifurcation and stability for the plankton–oxygen model and set up a novel delay-independent criterion ensuring the existence of bifurcation and stability of the model. Making use of two different extended hybrid controllers, we can successfully control the time of emergence of bifurcation and stability domain of this model. The impact of delay on bifurcation and stability of the model is explored. Software experiment results are provided to sustain the acquired key outcomes. The gained conclusions of this work are perfectly novel and possess immense theoretical significance in adjusting and balancing the concentrations of disparate chemical compositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this paper is to investigate exponential attractors for a nonlocal delayed reaction-diffusion equation on an unbounded domain. We first obtain the existence of a globally attractive absorbing set for the dynamical system generated by the equation under the assumption that the nonlinear term is bounded. Then, we construct exponential attractors of the equation directly in its natural phase space, i.e., a Banach space with explicit fractal dimension by combining squeezing properties of the system as well as a covering lemma of finite dimensional subspaces of a Banach space. Our result generalizes the methods established in Hilbert spaces and weighted spaces, and the fractal dimension of the obtained exponential attractor does not depend on the entropy number but only depends on some inner characteristic of the studied equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper we provide general results on the uniform upper semicontinuity of pullback attractors with respect to the time parameter for non-autonomous delay dynamical systems. Namely, we establish a criteria in terms of the multi-index convergence of solutions for the delay system to the non-delay one, locally pointwise convergence and local controllability of pullback attractors. As an application, we prove the upper semicontinuity of pullback attractors for a non-autonomous delay reaction-diffusion equation to the corresponding nondelay one over any bounded time interval as the delay parameter tends to zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the existence of traveling wave solution for temporally discrete Lotka Volterra competitive system with delays. By using the cross iteration method and Schauder’s fixed point theorem, we reduce the existence of traveling wave solutions to the existence of a pair of upper and lower solutions. The obtained results makes up and improves the results of the existence of traveling wave solutions for this systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global asymptotic behavior of a stochastic Hopfield neural network model (HNNM) with delays is explored by studying the existence and structure of random attractors. It is firstly proved that the trajectory field of the stochastic delayed HNNM admits an almost sure continuous version, which is compact for t > τ (where τ is the delay) by a construction based on the random semiflow generated by the diffusion term due to Mohammed (Stoch. Stoch. Rep. 29: 89–131, 1990). Then, this version is shown to generate a random dynamical system (RDS) by a Wong–Zakai approximation, after which the existence of a random absorbing set is obtained via uniform apriori estimate of the solutions. Subsequently, the pullback asymptotic compactness of the RDS generated by the stochastic delayed HNNM is established and hence the existence of random attractors is obtained. Sufficient conditions under which the attractors turn out to be an exponential attracting stationary solution are also given. Finally, some numerical simulations illustrate the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hearing loss sufferers might struggle in noisy environments. A new hearing aid system with noise-reducing filters can improve communication even in a noisy environment. However, current filters drain battery life, have matching errors, and are computationally expensive. Additionally, traditional filter banks have limitations. This paper proposes a novel Wolf-based Fractional Delay Variable Bandwidth Filter (W-FDVBF) to address these issues. The W-FDVBF aims to suppress background noise while optimizing factors like power consumption and computational complexity for a better user experience. Wolf optimization function helps to adjust filter parameters for robust noise reduction, leading to lower power usage, reduced matching errors, and less computational burden. The performance of the designed filter bank is tested in MATLAB and Xilinx software with the Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) accelerator. Finally, the obtained results are compared with other existing approaches and have gained better outcomes by attaining less power and matching error. The model achieved a 1.76 matching error and 1.4W power consumption, which is lower than other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is mainly concerned with the existence of chaos in a two-dimensional spatiotemporal discrete system with delayed perturbations. By applying the snap-back repeller theory, two criteria of chaos in the sense of both Li–Yorke and Devaney are established. Moreover, the lower bounds of the parameters that make the system chaotic are obtained. Finally, an example and its computer simulations of the dynamical behavior, spatiotemporal graphs, and the trends of the largest Lyapunov exponents with respect to the initial values and parameters are given to demonstrate the correctness of the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The utility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is expanding in the treatment of breast cancer. Although individual trials have shown comparable survival between patients receiving neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy, large-scale data analyses for outcomes in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) are lacking. We conducted an individual-level statistical analysis using patients from six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating survival outcomes with neoadjuvant versus adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer by abstracting and analyzing only the patients with LABC. Individual patient data for 779 patients with LABC were collected from six RCTs. Overall and disease-free survival rates were compared between patients receiving neoadjuvant vs. adjuvant chemotherapy with the Cox hazard model and log-rank statistics. Since chemotoxicity causing delays to surgical care is a potential drawback of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, local cohort data were then employed to assess the actual incidence of this, along with the causes behind any delays to surgery in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A time interval from neoadjuvant chemotherapy to surgery of >8 weeks was investigated in a local cohort of 563 patients, representing all locally treated patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy between 2006 and 2019. The statistical analysis demonstrated no overall or disease-free survival differences in LABC patients receiving neoadjuvant vs. adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.96 and 0.74, respectively). Within our cohort, 31 (5.5%) patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy experienced a delay of >8 weeks to surgery, with only 13 (2.3%) attributed to chemotherapy-related complications. Our study provides further support for the paradigm shift towards delivering chemotherapy for breast cancer patients in the neoadjuvant setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we address the study of the oscillatory properties of the solutions of a class of third-order delay differential equations. The primary objective of this study is to provide new relationships that can be employed to obtain criteria for excluding increasing positive solutions and decreasing positive solutions so that the resulting criteria are easier to apply than other criteria that have appeared in the literature. We have obtained new oscillation criteria that hold up more robustly upon application. Some examples are presented to illustrate the significance of our main findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marcus stochastic delay differential equations are often used to model stochastic dynamical systems with memory in science and engineering. It is challenging to study the existence, uniqueness, and probability density of Marcus stochastic delay differential equations, due to the fact that the delays cause very complicated correction terms. In this paper, we identify Marcus stochastic delay differential equations with some Marcus stochastic differential equations without delays but subject to extra constraints. This helps us to obtain the following two main results: (i) we establish a sufficient condition for the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the Marcus delay differential equations; and (ii) we establish a representation formula for the probability density of the Marcus stochastic delay differential equations. In the representation formula, the probability density for Marcus stochastic differential equations with memory is analytically expressed in terms of probability density for the corresponding Marcus stochastic differential equations without memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Material and Methods Results Conclusions COVID‐19 and new guidelines during the pandemic affected the gynecologic cancer treatment pathways, resulting in recorded delays and modifications in the treatment protocols. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic in one of the major gynecologic cancer care centers in Finland, Tampere University Hospital.Our retrospective register study included 909 patients that were new gynecologic cancer cases (uterine, cervical, vulvar, vaginal, or ovarian) referred to the Tampere University Hospital Gynecologic Oncology Outpatient Clinic between March 17th, 2018, and March 15th, 2022. The patients were divided into two separate groups depending on their time of referral: time before COVID (March 17th, 2018, to March 15th, 2020), and during COVID (March 16th, 2020, to March 15th, 2022). These groups were compared in terms of patient characteristics, different cancer types and stages, symptoms, and treatment methods.During the COVID‐19 pandemic, patients generally suffered from cancer symptoms longer (p < 0.003) and were more likely to be overweight (p = 0.035). The improved multidisciplinary team meeting gave the patients a faster route to their first intervention during COVID (p < 0.05). An insignificant shift toward nonsurgical first interventions and non‐curative intent was seen during COVID, but the multidisciplinary team treatment plans were mostly implemented accordingly on both eras. No decrease was seen in the number of new gynecologic cancer cases, and the one‐year overall survival remained the same in both groups.Overall, the COVID‐19 pandemic did not significantly alter treatment pathways in gynecologic cancer care at Tampere University Hospital. The number of new patients and given treatments remained relatively stable. During COVID, access from referral to cancer treatment was significantly accelerated, which is likely confounded by changes to the multidisciplinary team protocol made in early 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the dynamics of a reaction-diffusion Nicholson's blowflies equation with advection. The stability of positive steady state and existence of Hopf bifurcation are obtained by analyzing the distribution of the eigenvalues. Moreover, by using the center manifold theory and normal form method, an explicit algorithm for determining the direction and stability of the Hopf bifurcation is derived. Meanwhile, we find out that the bifurcation value is increasing with respect to the advection rate. Finally, numerical results demonstrate that the advection term causes the population to move from upstream to downstream, which also indicates that advection term plays a key role in the description and interpretation of some common natural phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, numerical schemes based on non-polynomial splines, namely, spline in compression, tension, and adaptive spline, are constructed for singularly perturbed boundary value problems with mixed shifts. A convergence analysis is carried out on the proposed methods. A comparitive study of the results is performed on test problems and presented in the form of tables. Graphs are drawn to illustrate the behavior of the solution to the problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper deals with the limiting behavior of invariant measures of the stochastic delay lattice systems with fractional discrete Laplacian driven by nonlinear noise. Under certain conditions, we first show the existence of invariant measures of the systems. We then prove that any limit point of a tight sequence of invariant measures of the stochastic delay lattice systems with fractional discrete Laplacian must be an invariant measure of the corresponding limiting system as the intensity of noise converges or the time-delay approaches zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The strategic importance of commitment in bargaining is widely acknowledged. Yet disentangling its role from key features of canonical models, such as proposal power and reputational concerns, is difficult. This paper introduces a model of bargaining with strategic commitment at its core. Following Schelling (1956, The American Economic Review , vol. 46, 281–306), commitment ability stems from the costly nature of concession and is endogenously determined by players' demands. Agreement is immediate for familiar bargainers, modelled via renegotiation-proofness. The unique prediction at the high concession cost limit provides a strategic foundation for the Kalai bargaining solution. Equilibria with delay feature a form of gradualism in demands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to study a predator–prey model with Allee effect and double time delays. This research examines the dynamics of the model, with a focus on positivity, existence, stability and Hopf bifurcations. The stability of the periodic solution and the direction of the Hopf bifurcation are elucidated by applying the normal form theory and the center manifold theorem. To validate the correctness of the theoretical analysis, numerical simulations were conducted. The results suggest that a weak Allee effect delay can promote stability within the model, transitioning it from instability to stability. Nevertheless, the competition delay induces periodic oscillations and chaotic dynamics, ultimately resulting in the population's collapse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We introduce a novel LoRa-based multi-hop communication architecture as an alternative to the public internet for earthquake early warning (EEW). We examine its effectiveness in generating a meaningful warning window for the New Zealand-based decentralised EEW sensor network implemented by the CRISiSLab operating with the adapted Propagation of Local Undamped Motion (PLUM)-based earthquake detection and node-level data processing. LoRa, popular for low-power, long-range applications, has the disadvantage of long transmission time for time-critical tasks like EEW. Our network overcomes this limitation by broadcasting EEWs via multiple short hops with a low spreading factor (SF). The network includes end nodes that generate warnings and relay nodes that broadcast them. Benchmarking with simulations against CRISiSLab's EEW system performance with internet connectivity shows that an SF of 8 can disseminate warnings across all the sensors in a 30 km urban area within 2.4 s. This approach is also resilient, with the availability of multiple routes for a message to travel. Our LoRa-based system achieves a 1–6 s warning window, slightly behind the 1.5–6.75 s of the internet-based performance of CRISiSLab's system. Nevertheless, our novel network is effective for timely mental preparation, simple protective actions, and automation. Experiments with Lilygo LoRa32 prototype devices are presented as a practical demonstration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To discuss the influence of cytokine-enhanced rate and antibody delay on viral infection, in this paper, we propose a cytokine-enhanced HIV model with saturation incidence, antibody immune response and time delays. Multiple time delays, namely intracellular delay, virus replication delay and antibody delay, are included. First, we prove that the model is well-posed. Then, we obtain two basic reproductive numbers of the model. Next, the stability of the equilibria is investigated by using Lyapunov functions and LaSalle's invariance principle. The results show that intracellular delay and virus replication delay do not impact on the stability of the three equilibria. However, if antibody immune response delay is positive, we determine some conditions for stability switches of the endemic equilibrium by using antibody immune response delay as a bifurcation parameter. It is concluded that with the increase of antibody immune response delay, the endemic equilibrium loses its stability and the system generates Hopf bifurcation. Finally, the numerical simulation results also show the correctness of the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study explored a free‐operant analogue of discrete‐trial procedures to study the effects of amount and delay of reinforcement on choice and response rate. Rats responded on a multiple variable‐interval (VI) 45‐s, 45‐s schedule, with interspersed choice probe trials. Comparison of relative response rates and percentage of choice revealed some discrepancies between the free‐operant analogue and discrete‐trial procedures. Amount of reward controlled choice behavior when the ratios of delays were similar. When reward delays were more discrepant, delay length controlled choice behavior. Whereas the percentage of choice was larger for the larger magnitude reward, the relative rate of response for the larger magnitude was less than .50. In contrast, when the percentage of choice generally fell to below 50% (with large amount and large delay differences between alternatives), relative response rate indicated a preference for the larger amount alternative. This study shows the feasibility and utility of a free‐operant analogue of discrete‐choice studies that could be used to develop an analysis of preference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose a new tritrophic food chain model. We address the conditions for the coexistence of two different zooplankton species and one phytoplankton species. The results of the numerical and analytical studies of the model show that the most relevant parameters influencing the plankton ecosystem, to maintain a stable coexistence equilibrium, are the: carrying capacity and the constant intrinsic growth rate of the phytoplankton population, and the conversion rate with a mortality rate of carnivorous zooplankton. We prove the existence and direction of Hopf bifurcation in non delay system. To account for the time delay in the conversion of herbivorous consumption to carnivorous zooplankton, we incorporate a discrete delay into the consume response function. Furthermore, we establish some adequate conditions to prove the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation induced by delay in the delayed model. We also plot two-parameter bifurcation diagrams. The numerical results support the analytical findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, some properties of the solutions for Nicholson’s blowflies system with nonlocal operator and delay are performed in heterogeneous environment. First of all, the existence and uniqueness of the positive steady-state solution are studied by Lyapunouv–Schmidt reduction method and implicit function theorem. Moreover, the asymptotic behaviors of trivial and nontrivial positive steady-state solutions to the system are also researched through the sub-supersolution method and iterative method. This paper ends with conclusion and discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Advances in network technology are increasingly developing. Due to the human need for fast, easy and comfortable access to technology. So there is competition between network device manufacturers to innovate in creating new, compact technology, especially after the emergence of AI technology which has been trying to be embedded in various devices recently. Mash technology is nothing new in the networking world. However, problems that often occur with Mesh devices include complicated installation and requiring different types of devices and sometimes with different brands there is quite noticeable latency. Whole Home Mash (WHM) is a technology made by TP-LINK which is embedded in DECO series devices which have various contemporary features such as WiFi 6, OFDMA and MU-MIMO which can facilitate device connections in accessing the internet. What is focused on in this research is the WiFi or wirelessbased Mesh feature which makes this device very easy to install and the settings are supported by an App that can be accessed from the user's cellphone. Based on the Quality of Service (QoS) assessment criteria which consist of: Throughput, Delay, Jitter and Packet Loss, each of which gets a score of 4 in the index which means it is in the very good category. The results show that in 4 times with different conditions and distances it met criteria 4 (very good) in Throughput, Delay, Jitter but experienced a decrease in Packet Loss with the "moderate" criteria for data sizes above 400 MB. In short, this device meets index 4 of the four criteria above and can be a reference in modeling a WiFi-based network in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the exponential synchronization problem of a class of neural networks with mixed delays under impulsive control is studied. Combining the impulsive comparison principle and the concept of an average impulsive interval, two impulsive differential inequalities with mixed delays are discussed, and the sufficient conditions for the existence of exponential decay are obtained. Based on two different impulsive control strategies, and then by means of the Lyapunov function, the inequality technique, and these two new inequalities, a set of sufficient conditions are derived to ensure the synchronization of the drive and response systems. In order to prove the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme, two numerical examples are given to prove its practicability and effectiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

p53 is a star protein in cancer biology, and its oscillatory dynamics have received much attention. However, most studies do not consider spatial effects. For this reason, we introduce the diffusion term in a classical p53-Mdm2 autoregulatory loop model. First, the equation is linearized at the positive equilibrium so that we can discuss the local asymptotic stability of this equilibrium. By taking the delay as a bifurcation parameter, the positive equilibrium transitions from stable to unstable and occurs a Hopf bifurcation. Second, we determine the stability of the bifurcating period solution by using a multiple time scales approach. Finally, the theoretical analysis is verified by the numerical simulations. Our study contributes to providing new insight in the controlling of p53 dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Delay in initiating adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) after curative resection of colorectal cancer (CRC) has been reported to lead to poor prognosis, but few studies have looked at associated factors. This study aimed to identify risk factors for delay in initiating AC. Methods: Data from 200 consecutive patients who underwent curative resection and AC for stage III CRC between 2013 and 2018 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. Results: AC was initiated more than 8 weeks after surgery in 12.5% of patients (the delay group). Compared to those with no delay (the non-delay group), patients in the delay group had significantly higher rates of synchronous double cancers (2.3% vs. 16.0%, p = 0.001), preoperative bowel obstruction (10.3% vs. 32.0%, p = 0.003), laparotomy (56.0% vs. 80.0%, p = 0.02), concomitant resection (2.9% vs. 24.0%, p < 0.001), and postoperative complications (32.0% vs. 56.0%, p = 0.02), and a significantly longer length of hospital stay (median 12 vs. 30 days, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, synchronous double cancers (odds ratio 10.2, p = 0.008), preoperative bowel obstruction (odds ratio 4.6, p = 0.01), concomitant resection (odds ratio 5.2, p = 0.03), and postoperative complications of Clavien–Dindo grade ≥ IIIa (odds ratio 4.0, p = 0.03) were identified as independent risk factors for delay in initiating AC. Conclusion: Careful preoperative treatment planning for CRC patients with synchronous double cancers, preoperative bowel obstruction, and concomitant resection, and management for postoperative complication are necessary to avoid delay in initiating AC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper considered a functional model which splits to two types of equations, mainly, advance equation and delay equation. The advance equation was solved using an analytical approach. Different types of solutions were obtained for the advance equation under specific conditions of the model’s parameters. These solutions included the polynomial solutions of first and second degrees, the periodic solution and the hyperbolic solution. The periodic solution was invested to establish the analytical solution of the delay equation. The characteristics of the solution of the present model were discussed in detail. The results showed that the solution was continuous in the domain of the problem, under a restriction on the given initial condition, while the first derivative was discontinuous at a certain point and lied within the domain of the delay equation. In addition, some existing results in the literature were recovered as special cases of the current ones. The present successful analysis can be further generalized to include complex functional equations with an arbitrary function as an inhomogeneous term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The causes for delays during the COVID19 pandemic and their impact on head and neck cancer (HNC) diagnosis and staging are not well described. Methods: Two cohorts were defined a priori for review and analysis—a Pre‐Pandemic cohort (June 1 to December 31, 2019) and a Pandemic cohort (June 1 to December 31, 2020). Delays were categorized as COVID‐19 related or not, and as clinician, patient, or policy related. Results: A total of 638 HNC patients were identified including 327 in the Pre‐Pandemic Cohort and 311 in the Pandemic Cohort. Patients in the Pandemic cohort had more N2‐N3 category (41% vs. 33%, p = 0.03), T3‐T4 category (63% vs. 50%, p = 0.002), and stage III‐IV (71% vs. 58%, p < 0.001) disease. Several intervals in the diagnosis to treatment pathway were significantly longer in the pandemic cohort as compared to the Pre‐Pandemic cohort. Among the pandemic cohort, 146 (47%) experienced a delay, with 112 related to the COVID‐19 pandemic; 80 (71%) were clinician related, 15 (13%) were patient related, and 17 (15%) were policy related. Conclusions: Patients in the Pandemic cohort had higher stage disease at diagnosis and longer intervals along the diagnostic pathway, with COVID‐19 related clinician factors being the most common cause of delay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today’s era is a digital world where each and every section of the society is experiencing and encountering with semiconductor chips. In very large-scale integration (VLSI) circuits the design of static random-access memory (SRAM) plays a crucial role in ensuring both low-power consumption and high-speed performance. The sense amplifiers (SA) are integral parts for information accessing storage in SRAM IC design. This paper introduces a dual voltage latch sense amplifier (DVLSA) for SRAM integrated circuits (IC). The comparative analyses of various SA are studied and then design a low-power SA through the implementation of energy-efficient technique. Further, we have elucidated the causes of delay and power dissipation in different SA with useful solutions and performance evaluation is conducted by comparing the proposed design with existing SA reported in the literature. The performance parameters such as power 1.604 uw, energy 470.50 fJ, delay 80.04 ps, and current 5.406 are scrutinized to assess the efficiency of the designs. The cell outcomes have been validated with cadence tool on 180 nm technology and operate at 1.8 V. The proposed design, namely, DVLSA demonstrates minimal energy consumption and low power dissipation, making it a promising advancement in SRAM IC technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conventional planar Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor FETs (MOSFETs) are being replaced with Fin Field-Effect Transistors (FinFETs) due to their improved ability to manage power dissipation, propagation delay, leakage current, and short channel effects. Process variability is an issue for planar MOSFETs, however the amount of dopant ions in FinFETs reduces device performance variability. In this study, a Static-Random Access Memory (SRAM) cell employing FinFET technology is designed using three MOS transistors. It is composed of two NMOS plus a single PMOS transistor. One NMOS acts as access transistor while the pull-up and pull-down functions are performed by remaining NMOS and PMOS transistors, respectively. The proposed SRAM cell is simulated using H-SPICE simulator and is compared with existing SRAM cell designs in terms delay, power consumption and transistor count. Performance analysis shows that the proposed SRAM Cell overcomes the constraint and achieves full swing storage of logic values between 0 and 1. This justifies the definition of static. Implementing a single-ended SRAM cell also has the benefit of simplifying the SRAM cell architecture, which also results in a reduction in area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging communication standards prioritize both the assurance of secure and reliable communications as well as the reduction of transmission delay and latency. Nevertheless, the task of achieving these objectives presents a complex and demanding challenge. Ensuring secure transmissions while simultaneously minimizing error rates requires the implementation of multistage information processing techniques that integrate coding and encryption methods, which may unfortunately lead to an undesired increase in transmission delay and latency. This letter presents an innovative crypto-coding framework capable of concurrently achieving essential encryption and coding within a single, streamlined process. By leveraging this approach, we aim to address the tradeoff between security, efficiency, and transmission delay, thus contributing to the advancement of secure and efficient communication standards. In this letter, we present a comprehensive evaluation of the proposed scheme, assessing its impact on final system error probability, encryption efficacy, and the complexity of hardware implementation. Our findings shed light on the potential benefits of this approach for future communication standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The optimal timing of surgical intervention for small bowel obstruction (SBO) remains debated. METHODS: All adults admitted for SBO were identified in the 2018-2019 National Inpatient Sample. Patients undergoing small bowel resection or lysis of adhesion after three days were considered part of the Delayed cohort. All others were classified as Early. Multivariable regressions were used to assess independent predictors of delayed surgical intervention as well as associations between delayed management and in-hospital mortality, major adverse events (MAE), perioperative complications, postoperative length of stay (LOS), hospitalization costs and non-home discharge. RESULTS: Among 28,440 patients who met study criteria, 52.0 % underwent delayed intervention. Black race (AOR 1.19, 95 % CI 1.03-1.36, ref.: White) and Medicare coverage (AOR 1.16, 95 % CI 1.01-1.33, ref.: private payer) were associated with increased odds of delayed surgical management. While delayed intervention was not significantly associated with death (AOR 1.27, 95 % CI 0.97-1.68), it was linked to greater odds of MAE (AOR 1.30, 95 % CI 1.16-1.45) and several perioperative complications. The Delayed cohort also faced an incremental increase in postoperative LOS (+1.29 days, 95 % CI 0.89-1.70) and hospitalization costs (+$11,000, 95 % CI 10,000-12,000). Moreover, delayed intervention was linked to increased odds of non-home discharge (AOR 1.64, 95 % CI 1.47-1.84). CONCLUSIONS: Delay in surgical management following SBO is linked to inferior clinical outcomes and increased resource use. Our findings highlight the need to ensure proper timing of surgery for SBO as well as efforts to standardize these practices across all demographics of patients.

In this current paper, we developed a new predator-prey model accompanying delay based on the earlier works. By applying inequality strategies, fixed point theorem, and a suitable function, we got new necessary conditions for the existence, uniqueness, nonnegativeness, and boundedness of the solution to the developed delayed predator-prey model. The bifurcation behavior and stability nature of the defined delayed predator-prey model were investigated by using stability and bifurcation theory of delayed differential equations. We have modified the Hopf bifurcation's appearance time and stability domain by building two distinct hybrid delayed feedback controllers for the delayed predator-prey model. The time of Hopf bifurcation appearance and stability domain of the model were explored. Matlab experiment diagrams were given to support the learned important results. The derived outcomes in this paper were original and have significant theoretical implications for maintaining equilibrium between the densities of the three species.

Abstract Introduction The time between seeking emergency care and receiving the first healthcare service is referred to as delays in reaching health facilities. Delay in reaching health facilities had three main sub-themes in different studies. These include (i). Availability of transportation and infrastructure, (ii). Distance from health facilities and (iii). Lack of finance for transportation. Although there are plenty of findings about maternal delays in reaching health facilities, studies do not address the delay situation of women in conflict zones all over the world. In Ethiopia, specifically, we saw women delayed in healthcare service due to restricted movement and closure of roads, even for ambulances, at night time. Methods A multi-center cross-sectional study was conducted among mothers attending public health facilities in the south Gondar zone, Ethiopia from September 01/2023 to April 30/2024. The data was collected by four BSc degree-holder midwives, using structured questionnaires after training was given for a day in each hospital. A pretest using 5% of the sample size was conducted. Descriptive statistics, and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with delays in reaching health facilities. Variables having p-value ≤ 0.2 in the bi-variable analysis were fitted into multiple logistic regression models. Result The prevalence of delay in reaching health facilities among women who are living in the region of emergency command post was 54.9% CI (42.04-59.87%). Living in rural areas, non-availability of public transport during the armed conflict, labor onset at nighttime, road closures by the armed forces, and non-availability of ambulances were the factors that contributed to the delay during the emergency command post. Conclusion The magnitude of delay in reaching health facilities among women who are living in the region of emergency command post was high.

The utility of neoadjuvant chemotherapy is expanding in the treatment of breast cancer. Although individual trials have shown comparable survival between patients receiving neoadjuvant and adjuvant chemotherapy, large-scale data analyses for outcomes in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) are lacking. We conducted an individual-level statistical analysis using patients from six randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating survival outcomes with neoadjuvant versus adjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer by abstracting and analyzing only the patients with LABC. Individual patient data for 779 patients with LABC were collected from six RCTs. Overall and disease-free survival rates were compared between patients receiving neoadjuvant vs. adjuvant chemotherapy with the Cox hazard model and log-rank statistics. Since chemotoxicity causing delays to surgical care is a potential drawback of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, local cohort data were then employed to assess the actual incidence of this, along with the causes behind any delays to surgery in patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A time interval from neoadjuvant chemotherapy to surgery of >8 weeks was investigated in a local cohort of 563 patients, representing all locally treated patients receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy between 2006 and 2019. The statistical analysis demonstrated no overall or disease-free survival differences in LABC patients receiving neoadjuvant vs. adjuvant chemotherapy (p = 0.96 and 0.74, respectively). Within our cohort, 31 (5.5%) patients treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy experienced a delay of >8 weeks to surgery, with only 13 (2.3%) attributed to chemotherapy-related complications. Our study provides further support for the paradigm shift towards delivering chemotherapy for breast cancer patients in the neoadjuvant setting.

Aim of this work is to develop the theory of mutual synchronization of two oscillators with hard excitation associated with a delay. Taking into account the delay of a coupling signal is necessary, in particular, when analyzing synchronization at microwave frequencies, when the distance between the oscillators is large compared to the wavelength. Methods. A bifurcation analysis of the mutual synchronization of two generators with hard excitation in the amplitude-phase approximation is carried out. The results of the bifurcation analysis are compared with the results of numerical simulation of the system of differential equations with delay. Results. A complete bifurcation pattern of mutual synchronization on the plane “frequency mismatch — coupling parameter” is presented. In the case of small mismatch and weak coupling, the fixed points, which correspond to modes with dominance of one of the oscillators, merge with saddle fixed points and disappear when the coupling parameter increases. In the case of large mismatch, one of these points either vanishes or loses stability as a result of a subcritical Andronov–Hopf bifurcation. The other of these points remains stable at any values of the coupling parameter, and the oscillation amplitudes of both oscillators gradually equalize and the phase difference tends to zero, i.e., the oscillation mode with dominance of one of the oscillators gradually transforms into the in-phase synchronization mode. It has been found that with an increase in the coupling parameter, a transformation of the basin of attraction of a stable zero fixed point occurs. As a result of this transformation, if at the initial moment of time the oscillations of the generators are close to antiphase, the oscillations decay at any initial amplitudes. Conclusion. The synchronization pattern in the system of delay-coupled oscillators with hard excitation has been studied. It was discovered that in addition to mutual synchronization modes with approximately equal oscillation amplitudes, stationary modes with suppression of oscillations of one generator by another are also possible. The bifurcation mechanisms of the appearance and disappearance of multistability in the system have been examined.

In this paper, numerical schemes based on non-polynomial splines, namely, spline in compression, tension, and adaptive spline, are constructed for singularly perturbed boundary value problems with mixed shifts. A convergence analysis is carried out on the proposed methods. A comparitive study of the results is performed on test problems and presented in the form of tables. Graphs are drawn to illustrate the behavior of the solution to the problems.

The paper investigates a hybrid system consisting of Lur’e subsystems with constant delays and time-dependent switching. It is assumed that nonlinearities from the right side of the systems have degrees less than unity. An analysis of such a property of the system as the uniform ultimate boundedness of all its solutions is conducted. The linear part of the system is supposed to be asymptotically stable. As is known, this means that there is a correspondent homogeneous Lyapunov function. Using this function, a common Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional is constructed which makes it possible to find sufficient conditions for the uniform ultimate boundedness with arbitrary choices of positive delays and switching laws. Moreover, delays can occur during switching, for example, when generating feedback. The derived conditions are found to be less conservative in the case of asynchronous switching compared to synchronous ones. The validity of the theoretical results is confirmed through numerical modeling.

Introduction: Approximately 80 % of children with cancer live in resource-limited settings where prompt access to diagnosis and treatment is challenging. Data regarding delays in diagnosis and treatment and outcomes of children with cancer in Kenya are lacking. This study aims to 1) compare the reported and expected number of children with cancer; 2) explore diagnosis, treatment, and total delays; 3) determine patient characteristics that influence delays; and 4) investigate treatment outcomes. Methods: This study combined a retrospective medical records review with a case report. Data on delays and treatment outcomes of children from Bungoma County (Kenya) who were diagnosed with cancer at a large academic hospital between 2010 and 2016 were collected. Results: Between 2010 and 2016, 92 children, an average of 13 per year, were referred from Bungoma. These 13 children constitute only 9 % of the expected 140 children developing cancer in this region. The most common diagnoses were non-Hodgkin lymphoma (17 %) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (16 %). The median total delay was 108 (7–1731) days. The median diagnosis delay was 97 days, longer than the median treatment delay (3 days; P

Mechanisms that prevent accidental activation of the PINK1/Parkin mitophagy circuit on healthy mitochondria are poorly understood. On the surface of damaged mitochondria, PINK1 accumulates and acts as the input signal to a positive feedback loop of Parkin recruitment, which in turn promotes mitochondrial degradation via mitophagy. However, PINK1 is also present on healthy mitochondria, where it could errantly recruit Parkin and thereby activate this positive feedback loop. Here, we explore emergent properties of the PINK1/Parkin circuit by quantifying the relationship between mitochondrial PINK1 concentrations and Parkin recruitment dynamics. We find that Parkin is recruited to mitochondria only if PINK1 levels exceed a threshold and then only after a delay that is inversely proportional to PINK1 levels. Furthermore, these two regulatory properties arise from the input-coupled positive feedback topology of the PINK1/Parkin circuit. These results outline an intrinsic mechanism by which the PINK1/Parkin circuit can avoid errant activation on healthy mitochondria.

Late presentation of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) presents usually after the neonatal period and often misdiagnosed for other respiratory pathologies. It is crucial to differentiate late presentation of CDH from other potential causes of respiratory distress and gastrointestinal symptoms. Herein, we present 2 cases of delayed presentation of congenital diaphragmatic hernia in infants. Initially, both cases were managed as respiratory conditions in outpatient settings, with no significant improvement. The correct diagnosis was eventually made through radiological evaluation at our tertiary centre, leading to successful surgical management. Delayed presentation of CDH beyond the neonatal period is rare, owing to the wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Early diagnosis and surgical management are crucial to reduce morbidity and mortality, making a high index of suspicion essential for timely intervention.

In this paper, a fractional order HIV model with saturated incidence rate and time delay is proposed and analyzed. Firstly, the existence and uniqueness of positive solutions are proved. Secondly, the basic reproduction number and the sufficient conditions for the stability of two equilibriums are obtained. Thirdly, by using time delay as the bifurcation parameter, it is found that Hopf bifurcation may occur when the time delay passes through a sequence of critical values. After that, some numerical simulations are performed to verify the theoretical results. Finally, some discussions and conclusions are listed.