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[EU] Informazioaren eta komunikazioaren teknologia berrien agerpenak zuzeneko eragina izan du lan-harremanetan, enpresaburuaren kontrol boterea handitzen lagundu baitute, besteak beste. Hala ere, ezin da ukatu mekanismo horien erabilerak langileen oinarrizko eskubideak urratu ditzakeenik. Baliabide horien artean, ohikoena eta gatazka gehien sortu dituena bideozaintzako-kameren erabilera izan da. Datu Pertsonalen Babeserako 2018ko Legearen aldarrikapenak lehen aldiz arautu bazuen ere tresna horien erabilera lantokian, ez du lortu arazo guztiak desagerrarazterik. Horregatik, lan honetan aztertuko den bezala, Auzitegiek egindako interpretazio-lana ezinbestekoa izan da lantokian bideozaintzako-kameren erabilera arautzerakoan., [ES] La irrupción de las nuevas tecnologías de la información y la comunicación ha influido directamente en las relaciones laborales, contribuyendo, entre otras cosas, a aumentar el poder de control del empresario. Sin embargo, no puede negarse que el uso de estos mecanismos pueda vulnerar los derechos fundamentales de los trabajadores. Entre estos recursos, el más habitual y el que más conflictos ha generado ha sido el uso de cámaras de videovigilancia. Aunque la promulgación de la Ley de Protección de Datos Personales de 2018 reguló por primera vez el uso de estos instrumentos en el lugar de trabajo, no ha conseguido erradicar todos los problemas. Por ello, tal y como se analizará en este trabajo, la labor interpretativa realizada por los Tribunales ha sido fundamental a la hora de regular el uso de cámaras de videovigilancia en el centro de trabajo., [EN] The emergence of new information and communication technologies has directly influenced labor relations, contributing, among other things, to increasing the employer's control power. However, it cannot be denied that the use of these mechanisms may violate the fundamental rights of workers. Among these resources, the most common and the one that has generated the most conflicts has been the use of video surveillance cameras. Although the enactment of the Personal Data Protection Law of 2018 regulated the use of these instruments in the workplace for the first time, it has not managed to eradicate all the problems. Therefore, as will be analyzed in this work, the interpretive work carried out by the Courts has been fundamental when it comes to regulating the use of video surveillance cameras in the workplace.

This study analyzes the mean maximum and minimum temperature trends on a monthly, seasonal, and annual timescale by applying various statistical tools to data from 476 Spanish weather stations during the period between 1961 and 2006. The magnitude of the trends was derived from the slopes of the regression lines using the least squares method, and the nonparametric Mann–Kendall test was used to determine the statistical significance of the trends. Temperature significantly increased in over 60% of the country in March, June, spring, and summer in the case of maximum temperatures and in March, May, June, August, spring, and summer for minimum temperatures. At the annual resolution, temperatures significantly increased in over 90% of Spain with a rise of around 0.3°C/decade. The maximum temperature increased at a higher rate than the minimum temperature from midsummer to early winter as well as in winter, spring, and summer and also on an annual basis., Depto. de Didáctica de las Ciencias Experimentales , Sociales y Matemáticas, Fac. de Educación, TRUE, pub

[ES] El presente trabajo tiene por objeto el estudio de la figura del despido disciplinario como forma de extinción del contrato de trabajado que se enmarca dentro del poder disciplinario del empresario. En primer lugar, se delimita su concepto y naturaleza jurídica. A continuación, se muestra su configuración vigente en el sistema español, en la legislación comunitaria y se resalta el papel de la negociación colectiva en la materia. Además, se analiza si existe una tolerancia empresarial previa sobre la conducta que se quiere sancionar, las notas de gravedad y culpabilidad y el ejercicio de Derechos Fundamentales, con especial mención a la prueba de videovigilancia. Por último, el grueso del trabajo se dedica a describir las causas del despido disciplinario y sus límites jurisprudenciales, poniendo de relieve la aportación judicial en el tema., [EN] The purpose of this paper is to study the figure of disciplinary dismissal as a form of termination of the employment contract that is part of the disciplinary power of the employer. First, its concept and legal nature are defined. Next, its current configuration in the Spanish system and in Community legislation is shown, and the role of collective bargaining in this matter is highlighted. In addition, it is analyzed whether there is prior corporate tolerance of the conduct to be sanctioned, the notes of seriousness and culpability and the exercise of fundamental rights, with special mention of video surveillance evidence. Finally, the bulk of the work is devoted to describing the causes of disciplinary dismissal and its jurisprudential limits, highlighting the judicial contribution on the subject.

[ES] El despido sin causa es un fenómeno alegal presente en las relaciones laborales. Los aspectos más relevantes que suscitan el interés de este trabajo son, por una parte, la calificación actual del despido injustificado como improcedente y no como nulo; y, por otra, la indemnización que le corresponde atendiendo a dicha calificación. En este sentido, se analizarán las características de la indemnización y si procede reconocer una compensación complementaria que repare todas las posibles lesiones ocasionadas al trabajador despedido, [EU] Arrazoirik gabeko kaleratzea lan-harremanetan dagoen fenomeno alegala da. Honako hauek dira lan honen interesa pizten duten alderdi garrantzitsuenak: batetik, justifikaziorik gabeko kaleratzea bidegabetzat jotzen da gaur egun, eta ez baliogabetzat; eta, bestetik, kalifikazio horren arabera dagokion kalte-ordaina. Ildo horretan, kalte-ordainaren ezaugarriak aztertuko dira, eta ea bidezkoa den konpentsazio osagarri bat aitortzea, langile kaleratuari eragindako balizko lesio guztiak konpontzeko., [EN] Dismissal without cause is an unlawful phenomenon present in labor relations. The most relevant aspects that arouse the interest of this work are, on the one hand, the current classification of unjustified dismissal as inappropiate and not as null; and, on the other hand, the compensation that corresponds to it according to that classification. In this sense, we will analyze the characteristics of the compensation and whether it is appropriate to recognize a complementary compensation to repair all the possible injuries caused to the dismissed worker

Drought occurs naturally all over the world. Global warming has led an increase in the areas affected by this phenomenon. The study of drought involves the analysis of indicators and indices used to assess changes in the hydrological cycle of a region. A large number of indices developed for drought monitoring are based on meteorological and hydrological variables. This research has applied the Ombroxeric Index for the first time in California. It is based on the concept of ombroxericity: a condition of the territory characterised from an ombrothermic point of view, which can develop in relatively humid areas/zones, depending on the time scale of the study (i.e. monthly, seasonal or annual basis). Temperatures and precipitation from 180 meteorological stations have been considered for a period of observation from 1980 to 2016. In order to know the evolution of this index, a modified trend analysis based on the Mann-Kendall test and a modified Sen slope analysis were used. Empirical Bayesian Kriging was applied as an interpolation technique. Results are presented in both surface and contour maps. California showed a wide range of ombroxeric levels that went from upper strong dry in northern zones, to lower weak arid. Trend results showed an increase in bioclimatic drought throughout the whole State. In addition, summer showed the highest levels on the Ombroxeric Index. An increase in drought trends was observed at the seasonal level, being more pronounced in summer and spring. In both cases are increases in the central (+5 and +3.6 units year−1 respectively) and the southern (+4 and +4.5 units year−1 respectively) areas of the State. Increasing frequency and severity of droughts could have implications for the management of water resources and the survival of Californian vegetation types, such as conifers.

Rising temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns under climate change scenarios are accelerating the depletion of soil moisture and increasing the risk of drought, disrupting the conditions that many plant species need to survive. This study aims to establish the bioclimatic characterisation, both qualitative and quantitative, of ten native Californian Pinales for the period 1980-2019, and to determine their habitat suitability by 2050. To achieve this, an exhaustive search of the Gbif database for records of ten conifer taxa was carried out. To conduct the bioclimatic characterisation of the studied taxa, we worked with the monthly values of average temperature and precipitation for the period 1980-2019 from 177 meteorological stations. Linear regressions was performed in order to compile the future evolution of California's climate. Suitable areas and optimal areas were defined at the present time (1980-2019) and its future projection (2050). We applied Boolean logic and, in this investigation, the Conditional Logic Operator (CON) was used to determine the possible species presence (one) or absence (zero) for each of the 15 variables analysed. In general, most of the conifers studied here will experience a reduction in their habitat range in California by the year 2050 due to climate change, as well as the displacement of species towards optimal areas. Furthermore, the results have highlighted the applicability of bioclimatology to future conditions under climate change. This will aid conservation managers in implementing strategic measures to ameliorate the detrimental impacts of climate change, thereby ensuring the ecological integrity and sustainability of the affected conifer species.

A phytosociological analysis of the Iberian Quercus faginea forests was carried out. For this purpose, 291 relevés were studied. A multivariate analysis consisting of a numerical classification based on the floristic composition of the relevés, was performed. The coherence and explanatory value of the current syntaxa are reviewed. As a result, the diversity of Iberian gall oak forests is resolved into 15 associations characterised according to their floristic, biogeographical, bioclimatic and synecological data supported by the statistical analyses. Thirteen have been described previously, and two new associations are proposed: Glandoro diffusae-Quercetum fagineae and Helianthemo mollis-Quercetum fagineae. A new combination, a lectotypification and a nomenclatural correction are also proposed. The Ios2 (ombrothermic index of the warmest bimonth of the summer quarter), Itc (compensated thermicity index) and Ic (continentality index) indexes proved to be fundamental to explain the syntaxonomic differentiation of the forests in the study. We consider that the differentiation and precision in the definition of clear syntaxonomic entities is vital to prioritize objectives in the conservation of these singular forests, and to ensure their adequate management in the context of the Habitats Directive.

This study identifies and analyzes the plant communities that allow the definition of the geographic limits between Temperate and Mediterranean macrobioclimates, for the center of Portuguese mainland. The altitude of Serra da Estrela, Açor and Lousã, combined with the increase in atmospheric humidity, allows the presence of vegetation typical of a Temperate macrobioclimate. Thus, based on the phytosociological methodology, floristic relevés were carried out in order to identify the series of vegetation existing in these territories. Through these relevés carried out, four new plant associations were identified: Cytisetum grandifloro-striati ass. nova, Scrophulario grandiflorae-Sambucetum nigrae ass. nova, Pruno lusitanicae-Coryletum avellanae ass. nova that lives in the submediterranean bioclimatic variant, mesotemperate humid to hyper-humid. A new association namely Genisto falcatae-Quercetum broteroanae ass. nova with two subassociations were also identified. Based on the vegetation distribution, new biogeographic limits are proposed. Thus, it was intended to identify the southern limits of the European Atlantic Province (Atlantic Orolusitania Subrovince) based on the vegetation cover, namely the distinction between the Estrela Sierran District and a new Biogeographical District, the Alvo-Gardunhense.

[ES] La acción protectora de la seguridad social contempla tanto contingencias profesionales como comunes. Dentro de las primeras se encuentra el accidente de trabajo, entendido por tal toda lesión corporal que el trabajador sufra con ocasión o por consecuencia del trabajo que ejecute por cuenta ajena. Tanto el suicidio como el infarto son patologías que, a priori, resultaría complicado encajarlas en el concepto de accidente de trabajo, pero la jurisprudencia ha ido matizando y ampliando los conceptos para poder otorgarles a ambos la calificación de accidentes de trabajo.

[EU] Gradu Amaierako Lan honetan, Gizarte Segurantzaren eta lan arloko epaitzaren analisi bat egiten da, genero ikuspegitik. Eremu hauetan, beste hainbatetan bezala, ez da emakume eta gizonen artean erabateko berdintasuna lortu. Horregatik, lan honek helburu hori lortzeko legediak barne hartu dituen mekanismo ezberdinak aztertzen ditu, jurisprudentziak zentzu horretan jokatzen duen papera azpimarratzearekin batera.