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This document represents the deliverable D2.1 (Models for Healthy Older People) and it is the main product of the first six month activities of WP2 (End user profiling and Virtual Coaching Guidelines). The document contains the results of the activities performed during Task 2.1 (Modelling of physiological status and physical activity behaviour), Task 2.2 (Modelling of nutritional behaviour), Task 2.3 (Modelling of cognitive and mental status and social behaviour). The document reports the general framework for Healthy Ageing (Chapter 1) and the current empirical findings about age-related trajectories relative to the physical and psychological well-being target domains faced in NESTORE (Physiological Status and Physical Activity Behaviour, Nutrition, Cognitive and Mental Status and Social Behaviour) (Chapter 2). The analysis of the relevant approaches and interventions currently adopted for healthy ageing in the clinical/psychological practise is described in Chapter 3. In Chapter 4, a detailed description of the SOC and HAPA motivational models is presented, since these models will be adopted in NESTORE. After a short excursus on previous IT-based EU projects on Healthy Ageing (Chapter 5), the NESTORE model of healthy ageing is described (Chapter 6). In conclusion the specificity of NESTORE in the frame of Healthy Ageing is reported in Chapter 7. The NESTORE model is aimed at providing a structured knowledge, built on expertise of the NESTORE experts (exercise physiologists, nutritionists, psychologists, geriatricians), able to characterize the person in terms of both status and behaviour. In NESTORE, the final user is an older adult, which is living on her/his own (at home or assisted home living), male or female, from 65 to 75 years old, mainly retired or recently retired, with an autonomous life and interested in maintaining or promoting her/his wellbeing and quality of life, without any impairment and/or pathology. Based on this user definition, the model adopts a multi-domain classification, which includes three main different dimensions related to well-being: Physical/Physiological, Nutritional, Cognitive/Mental/Social. For each domain, the model includes: a) Definition of the domain variables useful for the characterization and monitoring of the person. This aspect is specifically thought to support the development of the NESTORE ontology (Task 2.5) and also for profiling activities and, consequently, for personalization purposes (WP4 and WP5). b) The relationships among the domain variables and the variable ranges and/or trends corresponding to normal ageing status and behaviour in that domain. These aspects are specifically thought for the ontology and to support WP4 in the development of the NESTORE Decision Support System c) The measurement scenarios of the NESTORE system variables. This part provides the functional system requirements from the point of view of the domain experts, in support to WP3 and WP5, for the development of the NESTORE Monitoring System. d) The measurement scenarios for pilots. This part is thought to support the definition of Virtual Coach Validation Plan to be used in the pilots to assess the impact and the effectiveness of the Virtual Coach on the elderly subjects' status and behaviour (Task 2.6). Such a product forms the background for the development of the coaching guidelines, which represents the main activity of Task 2.4 and the main focus of the Deliverable D2.2 of WP2 (Guidelines for the virtual coach in all the target domains).

Regular physical activity and healthy dietary patterns are commonly recommended for the prevention and treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is diagnosed at an alarmingly increasing rate, especially among adolescents. Nevertheless, little is known regarding the relevance of physical exercise on the modulation of the metabolome in healthy people and those with MetS. We have previously shown that treadmill exercise ameliorated different symptoms of MetS. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of a MetS-inducing diet and different intensities of aerobic training on the overall serum metabolome of adolescent rats. For 8 weeks, young rats were fed either standard chow (ST) or cafeteria diet (CAF) and were subjected to a daily program of training on a treadmill at different speeds. Non-Targeted metabolomics was used to identify changes in circulating metabolites, and a combination of multivariate analysis techniques was implemented to achieve a holistic understanding of the metabolome. Among all the identified circulating metabolites influenced by CAF, lysophosphatidylcholines were the most represented family. Serum sphingolipids, bile acids, acylcarnitines, unsaturated fatty acids and Vitamin E and A derivatives also changed significantly in CAF-fed rats. These findings suggest that an enduring systemic inflammatory state is induced by CAF. The impact of physical training on the metabolome was less striking than the impact of diet and mainly altered circulating bile acids and glycerophospholipids. Furthermore, the serum levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were increased in CAF-fed rats, and C-reactive protein was decreased in trained groups. The leptin/ adiponectin ratio, a useful marker of MetS, was increased in CAF groups, but decreased in pro

0.1016/j.foodchem.2014.06.072