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Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, the aims were (a) to obtain, describe, and compare different solutions of three, five, and six first-order factors raised in the previous literature about the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI); (b) analyze the number and nature of the second-order factors; (c) test which model best reproduces the CDI structure; and (d) test possible developmental differences between child and adolescent samples. The CDI was applied to 4,707 Spanish children and adolescents with an age range between 7 and 16 years. Results show that best models considered five or six factors, including Social Problems (Anhedonia), Negative Affect, Externalizing, School Problems, and Negative Self-Esteem (Self-Deprecation). Also, a factor of Biological Dysregulation obtained some support. Higher-order factors do not reproduce the classical distinction between internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Finally, no large developmental differences in the CDI structure were found between children and adolescents' samples. (Contains 4 tables.)

The present study investigated the following issues: (1) the structure of Bryant's Empathy Index for children and adolescents in a Spanish sample of 408 boys and 424 girls (M age = 14.4 yr.), and (2) sex differences, including effect sizes and internal consistency of the scale. A principal components factor analysis with oblimin rotation showed that 20 of the index's 22 items load on three robust factors, related to Feelings of Sadness, Understanding Feelings, and Tearful Reaction with regard to the emotions of others. The 3-factor structure obtained an adequate fit to the data in the confirmatory factor analysis. Coefficients alpha ranged between .72 and .78. The 3 factors accounted for 42% of variance. As expected, girls scored higher than boys. It was concluded that the Spanish version of Bryant's Empathy Index has an acceptable reliability and construct validity, making it useful for research.

A general view of the field of clinical psychology in present-day Spain is offered here. The field has experienced an enormous development over the past two decades. Many journals and specialized societies have been established, and a large number of professionals now are working in the field, most of them in private practice, but some in medical centers belonging to the Spanish national health service. This great expansion seems due mainly to the creation of a degree in psychology (1968) and the continuous flow of students demanding training in clinical subjects. A theoretical orientation toward a cognitive-behavioral approach seems to dominate, closely followed by those choosing a dynamic orientation. A large group of professionals dealing with health problems are reinforcing their idiosyncratic profile among the clinical psychologists. A new study program to become a specialist in our field recently has been implemented and is just entering its initial stages (Internship in Psychology--PIR); it represents a significant improvement in the curriculum of the clinical psychologist. All of these facts seem to prove the great vitality of this field in present-day Spain. Keywords: clinical psychology; Spain

To date, there are no disease-specific instruments in Spanish to assess quality of life of patients with hidradenitis suppurativa. A multicentre study was previously carried out in Spain between 2016 and 2017 to develop the Hidradenitis Suppurativa Quality of Life-24 (HSQoL-24), a disease-specific questionnaire to assess quality of life in patients with hidradenitis suppurativa. The objectives of this study are to revalidate the HSQoL-24 in Spanish with a larger sample of patients, and to present the English version. In this multicentre study in Spain, patients with hidradenitis suppurativa completed the HSQoL-24, the Dermatology Life Quality Index and the Skindex-29. The Hurley staging system was used to assess the severity of the disease. Validation of the questionnaire was carried out in 130 patients, of whom 75 (57.7%) were women. This study demonstrates adequate values of reliability and validity of the HSQoL-24, confirming the previous test re-test validation and making this questionnaire one of wide clinical validity in terms of results perceived by patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this paper is to analyze the adaptation of Child-Parental Acceptance-Rejection Questionnaire (Child-PARQ/Control Father/ Mother, Rohner, 2005) short version, as the dimensionality of the questionnaire using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) in a sample of 469 Spanish children and adolescents. The original version of the questionnaire contains four scales: warmth / affection, hostility / aggression, indifference / neglect and nonspecific rejection. The results confirm the goodness of the psychometric properties (internal consistency and criterion validity) and the original four-factor model proposed by the author. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims at putting the bases for a prevention program against children's and youth's aggression, using data on relationship between aggression and parenting in a sample of Spanish children and adolescents. A special attention is recommended on education of male children at preadolescent age of broking families and low SES. The most relevant elements of the program are: reducing maternal hostility, improving behavior control of children and increasing loving/warm communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since parents' rearing styles may affect adolescents' behavior and socialization, it is relevant to know how some psychological variables are related to parent rearing styles. This study is aimed to explore this point by analysing altogether parents' rearing styles (EMBU-P), social values (social power, order, benevolence, and conservatism-liberalism), Big-five personality traits, and marital satisfaction (consensus, affection, satisfaction, and cohesion) in parents of adolescents. This is a prospective study based in correlational analysis method. It was found that rearing styles defined by warmth and acceptance are related to a responsible and emotionally stable personality profile, high marital satisfaction, and the preference for prosocial values. On the contrary, overprotected and favouring rearing styles are related to low friendliness, low emotional stability and low openness, poor marital adjustment with a lack of cohesion, and social values defined by a lack of benevolence, and the preference for social power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Empathy has been considered a central feature of our temperamental dispositions in childhood and adolescence. It plays a central role in the development of prosocial behavior and moral reasoning. However, the links between empathy and the major factors of personality have not yet been well described. This study explores the relationships between an index of empathy and the Big-Five personality model in a sample of 832 Spanish adolescents. As expected, results show that empathy correlates strongly with Friendliness. Positive correlations with Conscientiousness, Energy, and Openness traits have also been observed, but regression analyses show that relationships of empathy with those three factors were of negligible importance. Contrary to expectations, empathy did not correlate with Emotional stability. This pattern of results was replicated across boys and girls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigated the following issues: (1) the structure of Bryant's Empathy Index for children and adolescents in a Spanish sample of 408 boys and 424 girls (M age =14.4 yr.), and (2) sex differences, including effect sizes and internal consistency of the scale. A principal components factor analysis with oblimin rotation showed that 20 of the index's 22 items load on three robust factors, related to Feelings of Sadness, Understanding Feelings, and Tearful Reaction with regard to the emotions of others. The 3-factor structure obtained an adequate fit to the data in the confirmatory factor analysis. Coefficients alpha ranged between .72 and .78. The 3 factors accounted for 42% of variance. As expected, girls scored higher than boys. It was concluded that the Spanish version of Bryant's Empathy Index has an acceptable reliability and construct validity, making it useful for research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, memories of rearing styles between parents, mother and father, and their son/daughters were explored through the EMBU versions for parents (EMBU-P) and adolescents (EMBU-A). Results show that parents differ in three of the four scales of the EMBU: Emotional Warmth, Control Attempts, and Favoring Subject. Also, mothers score higher on Emotional Warmth, and Control Attempts, but less on Favoring Subject. When parents and adolescents were compared in the common items to both versions, no substantial differences were found, except for the Favoring Subject scale. The sex of the adolescent seems not to play a relevant role in the observed differences. A revision of specialized literature suggested that differences in the fathers' and mothers' perceptions of their rearing styles could be related to differences in personality and marital satisfaction. These hypothetical relationships should be investigated in a parallel study.