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Rapid advancements in Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), including blockchain, are foundational to a new era of digital innovation. This innovation has catalyzed the emergence of "Decentralized Science (DeSci)," a new concept and movement that aims to address the challenges of modern science. Given the novelty of the field of DeSci, this study aims to provide a comprehensive definition of the term and explore and conceptualize the shared values and guiding principles inherent to DeSci. To achieve these objectives, an exploratory literature review was conducted to identify and synthesize the scholarly and secondary literature. The search and selection process included six databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, arXiv, and Social Science Research Network), focusing on the last 15 years (2008 to 2023). Owing to the novelty of DeSci, the literature review was supplemented by an anonymous online-based expert survey using a combination of single-choice and openended questions. The experts were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria related to their activities in the DeSci field. Seven studies were selected for evaluation from the scholarly literature, and additional 24 sources of information were included in the analysis. In the expert survey, 39 valid datasets were collected and analyzed. The synthesis of the exploratory literature review and expert survey results led to a comprehensive definition of "Decentralized Science" (DeSci) reflecting recurring themes. As no publications explicitly discussed or addressed the values or principles of DeSci in the literature review, a set of shared values and guiding principles was defined based on the expert survey results. This study proposes a comprehensive definition of DeSci and a set of shared values and guiding principles, highlighting the importance of future research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coordination and organization of economic activity has always been one of the greatest challenges of humanity. For a long time, centralized models have been the dominant approach, but the emergence of technologies such as the internet, open-source software, peer-to-peer and ubiquitous computing, smart contracts and blockchain is leading to a shift toward decentralization. This trend is now culminating with a new phase of innovation called Decentralized Autonomous Organization ("DAO"). DAOs offer the potential to empower communities, promote decentralization and reliable coordination, and increase transparency and meritocracy in corporate governance using the institutional technology that is blockchain. In this paper, we present a systematic literature review of 195 academic publications on the DAO phenomenon using the PRISMA methodology. We aim to answer the following research questions: What are the characteristics of DAOs? What topics related to DAOs were researched by whom? Why do DAOs show great potential? When do DAOs face limitations? Where can solutions be found for the identified limitation? We also propose a research agenda and suggest future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We empirically study the state of three prominent DAO governance systems on the Ethereum blockchain: Compound, Uniswap and Ethereum name service (ENS). In particular, we examine how the voting power is distributed in these systems. Using a comprehensive dataset of all governance token holders, delegates, proposals, and votes, we analyze who holds the voting power and how this power is being used to influence governance decisions. While we reveal that the majority of voting power is concentrated in the hands of a small number of addresses, we rarely observe these powerful entities overturning a vote by choosing a different outcome than that of the overall community and less influential voters.

Climate change and an increasing food demand due to a growing world population pose significant challenges for agriculture. Smallholders play a decisive role in establishing a sustainable and efficient future agricultural system since they already provide up to 80% of food in developing countries. However, they often face severe obstacles, especially in developing countries, hampering effective and efficient cooperation and productivity. Even though organizations in the form of cooperatives could help overcome some of the challenges of facilitating smallholders' cooperation, they still suffer from structural problems. Further, in many countries, a lack of formal mechanisms to enforce contractual agreements exists. Given such challenges, decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) have already proven to provide alternative forms of governance independent of formal contracts or intermediaries. Therefore, this study follows the design science research paradigm to design, develop, and evaluate a decentralized autonomous organization in the agricultural sector that makes use of cooperative principles. This cooperative-oriented DAO is governed by smart contracts and technically enabled by blockchain technology as the underlying infrastructure. Through our developed and evaluated artifact, the AgriDAO, we guide researchers and practitioners on how such a cooperative-oriented DAO could look to solve existing problems related to smallholders and cooperatives. Additionally, we present eight design principles that will guide the development of cooperative-oriented DAOs. Finally, our research shall initiate lively discussion and extensive exploration of this new form of organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid advancements in Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), including blockchain, are foundational to a new era of digital innovation. This innovation has catalyzed the emergence of “Decentralized Science (DeSci),” a new concept and movement that aims to address the challenges of modern science. Given the novelty of the field of DeSci, this study aims to provide a comprehensive definition of the term and explore and conceptualize the shared values and guiding principles inherent to DeSci. To achieve these objectives, an exploratory literature review was conducted to identify and synthesize the scholarly and secondary literature. The search and selection process included six databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, IEEE Xplore, arXiv, and Social Science Research Network), focusing on the last 15 years (2008 to 2023). Owing to the novelty of DeSci, the literature review was supplemented by an anonymous online-based expert survey using a combination of single-choice and open-ended questions. The experts were selected based on predefined inclusion criteria related to their activities in the DeSci field. Seven studies were selected for evaluation from the scholarly literature, and additional 24 sources of information were included in the analysis. In the expert survey, 39 valid datasets were collected and analyzed. The synthesis of the exploratory literature review and expert survey results led to a comprehensive definition of “Decentralized Science” (DeSci) reflecting recurring themes. As no publications explicitly discussed or addressed the values or principles of DeSci in the literature review, a set of shared values and guiding principles was defined based on the expert survey results. This study proposes a comprehensive definition of DeSci and a set of shared values and guiding principles, highlighting the importance of future research in this area.

The current internet economy is characterised by a historically unprecedented bundling of private sector power over infrastructures. This situation is harmful for overcoming problems where collective action is needed, such as for governing digital commons. Organisations that run on collectively owned decentralised infrastructure are able to overcome this centralisation of power. These common decentralised autonomous organisations (DAOs) could help in fostering digitally enabled collective action. However, currently we have no clear view of how a DAO designed for commons governance would operate and be governed. By creating a conceptual prototype of a DAO governing a common, we provide a clear path of how common DAOs should mature and which tools are needed to create them. In this research, we created a governance framework for common DAOs by combining 16 works on technology for commons governance. The framework reveals that common DAO governance consists of three areas: 1) Governance structure, 2) Enabling technology, and 3) Community governance. We provide governance mechanisms that together describe an implementation of Ostrom's common governance principles in a DAO. This work is a synthesis of previous research on technology for collective action. The proposed framework aids in standardising DAO governance for the common good and may contribute to a large scale roll-out of commons DAOs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The article aims to investigate how entrepreneurial behaviour among members of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAO) changes over time. Decentralized autonomous organizations allow for the creation of distributed organizations driven by organizational entrepreneurship, many of which are based on blockchain technology. The self-organization of DAO members and their entrepreneurial behaviour are crucial to the organization's development. Research on entrepreneurial behaviour in DAOs is scarce. Cryptocurrency markets, blockchain technologies, and community sentiment can evolve rapidly, making it important to longitudinally research such organizations and the entrepreneurship among their members. Research Design & Methods: We formulated research propositions and combined qualitative and longitudinal interviews with entrepreneurially active members of a DAO with data science-based sentiment analysis of the main Nano community over the course of 16 months. Findings: The entrepreneurial behaviour of DAO members can hinge on external circumstances, such as the health of the overall cryptocurrency market. Partly resulting from a crypto downturn, some of Nano's entrepreneurially active members reduced their engagement and stopped or downsized their conduction of entrepreneurial tasks. This change was also linked to lower levels of community activity and deteriorating sentiment scores. Entrepreneurial tasks such as marketing or outreach to customers were conducted to a lesser extent. The resulting picture is one of a fluid state of entrepreneurship within this DAO. We also found internal factors influencing entrepreneurial behaviour, especially related to the distinction between technology-oriented and market-oriented members and their changing levels of activity. Implications & Recommendations: The findings highlight the influence of external factors -- such as the health of the cryptocurrency market -- on the entrepreneurial behaviour of DAO members. This suggests that the success and engagement of entrepreneurial individuals within a DAO can be subject to volatility and fluctuations in the broader market, emphasizing the need for adaptability and resilience. Contribution & Value Added: This is one of the first articles to address the connection between entrepreneurship and DAOs based on blockchain. In doing so, it benefits from a unique data set comprising quantitative and qualitative elements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Without a doubt, blockchain, as one of the most valuable technological advancements, has been introduced over the past decade and has played a significant role in the industrial revolution. The emergence of other technologies derived from blockchain, such as decentralized finance (DeFi) and the Metaverse, has fundamentally transformed people’s daily lives and profoundly impacted future versions of digital businesses. This study explored the evolution of digital businesses in the near future, with a specific focus on the two primary technologies mentioned above. First, we reviewed DeFi-based technologies, including GameFi, SciFi, SocialFi, and others which serve as foundational building blocks for future jobs and businesses. Second, we examined Metaverse-based jobs, such as Metaverse-based academies and markets which are expected to be launched as commonly used businesses. Ultimately, this study provides several guidelines, such as how to use DeFi 2.0 and apply centralized decentralized finance (CeDeFi)-based platforms. Additionally, it offers future directions for launching these businesses, including controlling the progress of artificial intelligence (AI) in practical applications, utilizing cloud-assisted models for the Metaverse, and providing conditional privacy for future Metaverse-based businesses.

One of the biggest issues in organization in centuries is problem raised by the relationship between actor inside. This problem called principal-agent problem which explained by principal agent theory (PAT). The emerged new technology disruption called blockchain technology (BCT) receive the challenge to offers the solution for principal agent problem, it claims empirically could reduce or even eliminate the problem, thus lead to lower cost to solved the problem, called agency cost. This technology application wide spread in several sectors, the example is the implementation of Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO). DAO is the blockchain based new form of organization, who run based on a smart contract or algorithm run in the computer network. This paper is conceptual paper, we explained about the basic of blockchain, and we analyzed the correlation between blockchain and principal agent theory.

The current internet economy is characterised by a historically unprecedented bundling of private sector power over infrastructures. This situation is harmful for overcoming problems where collective action is needed, such as for governing digital commons. Organisations that run on collectively owned decentralised infrastructure are able to overcome this centralisation of power. These common decentralised autonomous organisations (DAOs) could help in fostering digitally enabled collective action. However, currently we have no clear view of how a DAO designed for commons governance would operate and be governed. By creating a conceptual prototype of a DAO governing a common, we provide a clear path of how common DAOs should mature and which tools are needed to create them. In this research, we created a governance framework for common DAOs by combining 16 works on technology for commons governance. The framework reveals that common DAO governance consists of three areas: 1) Governance structure, 2) Enabling technology, and 3) Community governance. We provide governance mechanisms that together describe an implementation of Ostrom’s common governance principles in a DAO. This work is a synthesis of previous research on technology for collective action. The proposed framework aids in standardising DAO governance for the common good and may contribute to a large scale roll-out of commons DAOs.

Decentralization holds a significant role in the context of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), with its nature being not a fixed value but a comparative spectrum. Prior research investigating the measurement of decentralization in nations' governance system provides a foundation for our current study. This research aims to integrate these insights to define dimensions and indicators, tailored explicitly for assessing decentralization levels within DAOs. Then, the article undertakes an examination of the suitability of traditional decentralization measurement approaches within the unique DAO context, employing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) as our analytical tool based on a total of 44 DAOs. Hence, the results suggest that DAOs have three dimensions for measuring decentralization, 'political decentralization as a participatory engagement', 'economic decentralization as a resource distribution', and 'administrative decentralization as the self-governing execution of decisions'. By substantiating the applicability of established decentralization measurement frameworks within the unique context of DAOs, the findings not only enhance the understanding of this emergent governance paradigm but also provide DAO practitioners, policymakers, and researchers with invaluable insights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), often referred to as drones, have the potential to revolutionize the healthcare industry. They offer speed and accessibility in delivering medical supplies, making them the superior mode of transport for inaccessible and remote areas. Though drone-based systems are advantageous, there is a need for an end-to-end system that could provide a secure platform to use drones in a flawless manner to perform transactions. Drones are vulnerable to hacking and data interception, which may lead to the exfiltration of collected data by malicious users. In this study, MedUAV, a prototype for a drone-based decentralized autonomous emergency medicine supply system, is proposed. It leverages the security aspects of blockchain and smart contracts. The proposed system is deployed and tested in the Polygon Main network, and significant conclusions about the performance of the system are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain governs inter-organizational business processes and enables decentralized autonomous organizations (DAO) with governance capabilities via smart contracts (SC). Due to the programmer's lack of prior knowledge of the contract domain, SCs are ambiguous and errorprone. Several works, i.e., SPESC, Symboleo, and SmaCoNat, exist to support the legally-binding SCs. The aforementioned SCLs present intriguing approaches to building legally-binding SCs but either lack domain completeness, or are intended for non-collaborative business processes. In our previous work, we address the above-mentioned shortcomings of the XML-based smart-legalcontract markup language (SLCML), in which blockchain developers focus on the contractual workflow rather than the syntax specifics. However, SLCML, as a blockchain-independent formal specification language, is not evaluated to determine its applicability, usefulness, and usability for establishing legally-binding SCs for workflow enactment services (WES) to automate and streamline the business processes within connected organizations. In accordance with this, we formally implement the SLCML and propose evaluation approaches, such as running case and lab experiments, to demonstrate the SLCML's generality and applicability for developing legallybinding SCs. Overall, the results of this work ascertain the applicability, usefulness, and usability of the proposed SLCML for establishing legally-binding SCs for WES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the biggest issues in organization in centuries is problem raised by the relationship between actor inside. This problem called principal-agent problem which explained by principal agent theory (PAT). The emerged new technology disruption called blockchain technology (BCT) receive the challenge to offers the solution for principalagent problem, it claims empirically could reduce or even eliminate the problem, thus lead to lower cost to solved the problem, called agency cost. This technology application wide spread in several sectors, the example is the implementation of Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO). DAO is the blockchain based new form of organization, who run based on a smart contract or algorithm run in the computer network. This paper is conceptual paper, we explained about the basic of blockchain, and we analyzed the correlation between blockchain and principal agent theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden is a historically royal garden; it not only occupies an important position in the history of Chinese garden, but also enjoys a high reputation in the world.The historical and cultural values contained in Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden needs to be widely understood by the Chinese people and be remembered by the world through a new way.Focusing on the work policy for cultural relics of “protection first, strict management, mining value, rational utilization and good transmission”, a new solution of parallel Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden was proposed, which provided technical reference for the construction of the smart Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden.Parallel Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden is the application of ACP theory in the operation and management.Descriptive intelligence will be used to construct a virtual Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden, predictive intelligence will be used to conduct large-scale computational experiments in the virtual Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden, and prescriptive intelligence and parallel execution will be used to outbreak the geographical limit and lead to the smart management of Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden.It is expected that the development and enrichment of the Yuan-Ming Yuan Imperial Garden in the virtual world, and the increasingly parallel interaction and integration with the real world, will bring about a new operating mode.

Venture capital (VC) models can be optimized with emerging decentralized technology. There are many disadvantages that come with traditional VC fundraising including illiquidity and ownership struggles, as well as timing. This paper will discuss alternative funding mechanisms that may be available and advantageous to emerging businesses. After discussing the shortcomings of the existing VC market and the rise of alternative early round funding mechanisms, the paper highlights the evolution of VC businesses that are operated by a Decentralized Autonomous Organization (DAO). More specifically, models discussed in this article contribute to the much-needed experimentation with venture capital reputation models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this article is to present the concept of Decentralized Autonomous Organizations in the context of the evolution of organizational structures. The article presents the current state of knowledge about DAOs, taking into account the principles of their functioning and the current state of development. The roles of individual actors involved in the DAO were also discussed and typical features of the DAO organization were indicated. Design/methodology/approach: The main method used in this article is a literature review supplemented with an analysis of online industry sources and reports of consulting companies. The analysis included a review of the characteristics of the DAO organization against the background of traditional structures and the ways of functioning of the DAO. Findings: The article describes the characteristics of organizations managed with smart contracts created thanks to the use of blockchain technology. The stages of the formation of DAOs and the main principles of their functioning based on the possession of digital tokens of a given organization, as well as the right to participate in voting on decisions made in the DAO, were indicated. The basic advantages and risks associated with the functioning of DAOs were also indicated. Originality/value: The originality of this article lies in the confrontation of the theory and practice of DAOs with traditional, hierarchical organizations with specific features. The current literature in the field of DAOs is not very extensive, especially in relation to the issue of organizational structures, as demonstrated in the Materials and Methods section of this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blockchain technology and smart contracts are catalysts for decentralization and disintermediation. These new technologies reduce transaction costs, agency costs, and offer a basis for trustless social and economic interactions. They are fueling new business models for decentralized platforms and have revolutionized crowdfunding. A recent trend, Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs), stands to fundamentally transform organizing and governance. DAOs are blockchain-native, decentralized organizations that are collectively owned and managed by their members via smart contracts. In this note, we assess the promises and challenges of DAOs, with a focus on decentralized governance and disintermediation, and offer a first empirical glimpse at the rise and functioning of DAOs. Overall, DAOs may introduce a new era in organizational economics, transforming the global corporate landscape from hierarchical organizations to democratic and distributed organizations powered by organizational entrepreneurship and innovations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Decentralized autonomous organizations are a new form of smart contract-based governance. Decentralized autonomous organization platforms, which support the creation of such organizations, are becoming increasingly popular, such as Aragon and Colony. Selecting the best fitting platform is challenging for organizations, as a significant number of decision criteria, such as popularity, developer availability, governance issues and consistent documentation of such platforms, should be considered. Additionally, decision-makers at the organizations are not experts in every domain, so they must continuously acquire volatile knowledge regarding such platforms. Objective: Supporting decision-makers in selecting the right decentralized autonomous organization platforms by designing an effective decision model is the main objective of this study. We aim to provide more insight into their selection process and reduce time and effort significantly by designing a decision model. Method: This study presents a decision model for the decentralized autonomous organization platform selection problem. The decision model captures knowledge regarding such platforms and concepts systematically. This model is based on an existing theoretical framework that assists software engineers with a set of multi-criteria decision-making problems in software production. Results: We conducted three industry case studies in the context of three decentralized autonomous organizations to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the decision model in assisting decision-makers. The case study participants declared that the decision model provides significantly more insight into their selection process and reduces time and effort. Conclusion: We observe in the empirical evidence from the case studies that decision-makers can make more rational, efficient, and effective decisions with the decision model. Furthermore, the reusable form of the captured knowledge regarding decentralized autonomous organization platforms can be employed by other researchers in their future investigations.

Smart contracts show a high potential to make supply chain management strategies epochally leap towards higher levels of productivity, not only in the functioning of production processes but also in terms of product innovation and overall economic returns. This article illustrates the principle of Income Sharing as a highly performing economic strategy for supply chains with a natural implementation in blockchain smart contracts. It proposes a blockchain-based architecture that uses smart contracts to implement various algorithmic versions of the Income Sharing principle among companies participating in a supply chain. The formation of the total income and its consequent redistribution are calculated taking into account the role of the technological platform automating these procedures, which therefore becomes a party to the inter-company business project of a supply chain in the alternative roles, as feasible in business practice, of Blockchain-as-a-Service and Blockchain-as-a-Partner. The approach is implemented on Hyperledger Fabric, the most widespread platform for private and consortium blockchains. We compare and justify this design choice with the alternative given by public blockchains, with specific attention to Ethereum.

Aim to deal with the problem of data, trust and timeliness asymmetry faced by modern organizational management from the root, a novel organizational management model towards Web 3.0 namely crypto management was proposed.It was enabled by blockchain technology and smart contracts based on it, supported by the federated data, organized in the form of DAO (decentralized autonomous organization), and driven by the incentive mechanism with NFT (non-fungible token) as the core.The primary goal of crypto management was to realize trustable, reliable and usable real-time management decision-making under the premise of data security and privacy protection.The framework of crypto management was formulated, its core components and implementation mode were discussed, and its operation process using the example of personnel performance management was also introduced.Towards the end, the potential future works in this emerging new area were discussed.

DAO Regulation and Legislation: This article explores the contrast between traditional centralized corporate entities and Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) in the U.S. financial regulatory landscape. While traditional entities operate with a centralized structure and clear managerial hierarchies, DAOs disrupt this paradigm with their decentralized, democratic, and digital nature, thanks to blockchain technology. DAOs face significant legal challenges due to their unique structures, including regulatory uncertainty and liability issues. The paper highlights the need for regulatory clarity and adaptation to accommodate the participatory structures of DAOs. It concludes that while existing financial regulations apply to DAOs, they often fall short due to DAOs' unique nature, necessitating an update in regulatory approaches to appreciate the specific virtues of DAOs and Legal Autonomous Organizations (LAOs). The evolving landscape of DAOs demands close observation and involvement from various stakeholders in the blockchain industry to address these regulatory challenges effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work explores the recent rise of non-fungible tokens - and blockchain technology in general - which has brought into question traditional perceptions on property rights and decentralized organization in the digital age, with significant implications for the future of Internet Governance. To this end, the article starts with the story and evolution of non-fungible tokens within the context of blockchain technology. Particular attention is given to some of the events that happened in the year 2021 that triggered the surge of public interest in these tokens. Afterward, we touch upon current issues of digital ownership and non-fungible tokens, as well as the potential solution offered by distributed ledger technologies such as blockchain. Then, we comment on the main characteristics of blockchain regulation (primarily in Europe) and decentralized governance. Finally, we inquire into the current efforts and possible effects related to Internet Governance in terms of decentralization, taking into account all of the previous aspects.

The subject. Digital technologies have been integrated into all aspects of public life, including politics, law, finance, business, education, science, and society. Yet, digitalization exerts an even greater impact on the economy, which should prompt the State, represented by its legislative and executive bodies, to take timely action to ensure the legal regulation of diverse aspects of the digital economy. Digital transformation of the economy has redefined the approaches to the issues of legal capacity, corporate governance and management of business processes. Traditional management mechanisms are no longer competitive, unless used in conjunction with dynamically developing digital technologies.This article explores the issues related to digital legal personality of a corporation (online registration (e-residency) of corporations and the digital footprint that companies leave in public registers), digital corporate governance, and discuss the operation of digital corporations, including networked and decentralized autonomous organizations. The authors distinguish three types of digital corporate governance: remote management (exercised by human individuals), smart management (based on algorithms designed by human engineers), and artificial intelligence (AI) management (that does not require human involvement). Some tools of digital corporation management are illustrated, replacing traditional forms of management of the human cognitive system. Finally, we provide an overview of the operational characteristics of decentralized autonomous organizations.Purpose of the research. This article is devoted to the transformation of management tools for modern corporations in the digital economy. In order to comply with the Russian corporate legislation of the existing digital reality, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive scientific and legal concept of corporate governance, ensuring the balance and protection of the rights and legitimate interests of all participants in corporate relations and others related to corporate relations, as well as increasing the transparency and efficiency of corporations.Methodology. The methodology of this study was based on the following methods of scientific knowledge: general scientific empirical methods (observation (over the course of development of the use of digital technologies in corporate law), comparison (of the effectiveness of the use of digital technologies in corporate law of different countries)); methods of theoretical knowledge (analysis (of advantages and disadvantages of digitalization of individual institutions of corporate law), formal legal method (in the formulation and research of various concepts, determination of their characteristics and classification), theoretical modeling (of the prospects and areas of possible application of digital technologies in corporate law).The main results. Digitalization of corporate management is bound to increase business profitability and improve competitiveness on the market. We believe that in the coming years science will have to tackle the issues of assessing the implications of the introduction of digital technologies, determining technical, economic and legal prerequisites for their implementation, and identifying their limits. In addition, issues related to professional training / retraining of personnel capable of working with modern technologies are of importance.Conclusions. The authors came to the conclusion that the main direction of improving corporate legislation in the context of digitalization is currently the creation and provision of conditions for effective interaction between corporate actors and persons directly associated with them in the digital environment.

• Web3-DAO is the first ontology that describes distributed autonomous organizations (DAOs). • The semantic model for Web3-DAO relies on seven main concepts: Blockchain, DAO, Dapp, Member, Proposal, SmartContract, WebUserInterface. • Web3-DAO supports governance of DAOs adding semantics to decision-making models. • Online entities developed through Web3-DAO improve the interaction of their members. Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) are relatively a newly emerging type of online entity related to governance or business models where all their members work together and participate in the decision-making processes affecting the DAO in a decentralized, collective, fair, and democratic manner. In a DAO, members interaction is mediated by software agents running on a blockchain that encode the governance of the specific entity in terms of rules that optimize their business and goals. In this context, most popular DAO software frameworks provide decision-making models aiming to facilitate digital governance and the collaboration among their members intertwining social and economic concerns. However, these models are complex, not interoperable among them and lack a common understanding and shared knowledge concerning DAOs, as well as the computational semantics needed to enable automated validation, simulation or execution. Thus, this paper presents an ontology (Web3-DAO), which can support machine-readable digital governance of DAOs adding semantics to their decision-making models. The proposed ontology captures the domain logic that allows the sharing of updated information and decisions for all the members that interact with a DAO by the interoperability of their own assessment and decision tools. Furthermore, the ontology detects semantic ambiguities, uncertainties and contradictions. The Web3-DAO ontology is available in open access at https://github.com/Grasia/semantic-web3-dao. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decentralization holds a significant role in the context of decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs), with its nature being not a fixed value but a comparative spectrum. Prior research investigating the measurement of decentralization in nations’ governance system provides a foundation for our current study. This research aims to integrate these insights to define dimensions and indicators, tailored explicitly for assessing decentralization levels within DAOs. Then, the article undertakes an examination of the suitability of traditional decentralization measurement approaches within the unique DAO context, employing confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) as our analytical tool based on a total of 44 DAOs. Hence, the results suggest that DAOs have three dimensions for measuring decentralization, ‘political decentralization as a participatory engagement’, ‘economic decentralization as a resource distribution’, and ‘administrative decentralization as the self-governing execution of decisions’. By substantiating the applicability of established decentralization measurement frameworks within the unique context of DAOs, the findings not only enhance the understanding of this emergent governance paradigm but also provide DAO practitioners, policymakers, and researchers with invaluable insights.

Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAO) launched on a blockchain and governed by a smart contract promises to bring self-organization to a new technological level. Crisis management has no standard decentralized solution within DAO yet. A central authority is a natural component due to compliance reasons in certain domains, for example, special-purpose financing, in which the DAO governance model could be reasonably applied. More generally, a centralized DAO representative could streamline implementing DAO decisions that involve interactions with legacy systems. The article presents a perspective of modern technologies for organizing a foundation for special-purpose financing and considers longevity as a model example of the purpose.

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In the emerging platform economy, blockchain technologies are reshaping the digital economy. Moreover, disintermediation and decentralization have broken new ground for platform organizations and management mechanisms and instigated the concept of a DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization). Recent literature on operations management has called for further research on governance issues related to DAOs. In response to this call, we explore the relationship between DAO management efforts and platform performance in this study. Specifically, we propose and theoretically articulate decentralized voting tasks in DAOs as a new form of organizing. Harnessing both online and on‐chain data from seven sources, we empirically examine how voting task division, task allocation, reward distribution, and information provision affect platform performance in the context of MakerDAO (an Ethereum‐based stablecoin issuance platform). Our findings reveal that strategic decisions arrived at through voting have a positive impact on platform operational performance under certain conditions, whereas operational decisions resulting from voting have a negative impact. Moreover, we elucidate the moderating effects of voting task execution characteristics on the relationship between completed decision tasks and operational performance. These findings have important implications from both theoretical and practical perspectives. We also share all the raw data we use to promote the development of blockchain‐related empirical research. Highlights: We developed a flowchart to describe the process of DAO performing voting tasks.We found that strategic decisions via DAO voting have a positive impact on platform operational performance under certain conditions, whereas operational decisions resulting via DAO voting have a negative impact.We found that task allocation, reward distribution, and information provision moderate the relationship between DAO management efforts and platform operational performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 12 years have been passed since this Department was created in 2010 as the first academic forum dedicated to cyber-physical-social systems (CPSS), with the first CPSS research article on the field: "The Emergence of Intelligent Enterprises: From CPS to CPSS." What has happened and changed during the past decade? A brief reflection and review are presented here with a focus on digital twins in CPS versus parallel intelligence in CPSS, and their relationship to blockchain intelligence, smart contracts, metaverses, DAO, Web3, and decentralized science. The concept of DeMetaverses is thus introduced and interpreted as a DAO-based decentralized autonomous metaverse. The characteristics, mechanism, and impact of DeMetaverses are discussed with a vision for achieving an integrated human, artificial, natural, and organizational intelligence that would transform our world into "6S" societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is a basic and essential natural resource, and its rational allocation plays a key role in environmental and economic sustainable development. Agriculture consumes a large share of water resources, but the allocation of water rights often deviates from water use in reality. Therefore, an appropriate management method for agricultural water rights trading is needed. In this paper, blockchain technology is applied to address the agricultural water rights trading issue. Firstly, an alliance chain and the practical Byzantine fault tolerance (PBFT) consensus mechanism are adopted to support a smart contract and application. Then, a trading platform based on blockchain for agricultural water rights trading is proposed. Finally, the role and function of a decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) in a self-financing irrigation drainage district (SIDD) are clarified. This study provides a secure and stable platform which can reduce the trading confirmation time and support numerous users. The trading process of agricultural water rights is updated to minimize the cost of water rights' transactions and improve the system's efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smart contracts are a key component of today's blockchains. They are critical in controlling decentralized autonomous organizations (DAO). However, smart contracts are not yet legally binding nor enforceable; this makes it difficult for businesses to adopt the DAO paradigm. Therefore, this study reviews existing Smart Contract Languages (SCL) and identifies properties that are critical to any future SCL for drafting legally binding contracts. This is achieved by conducting a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of white- and grey literature published between 2015 and 2019. Using the SLR methodology, 45 Selected and 28 Supporting Studies detailing 45 state-of-the-art SCLs are selected. Finally, 10 SCL properties that enable legally compliant DAOs are discovered, and specifications for developing SCLs are explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]