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In this interdisciplinary, conceptual article with implications in marketing financial products and services, we study real estate and capital markets characterized by a predatory paradigm and economic agents' dark financial profiles (DFPs). These are estimated by three orthogonal components—disconnection, irrationality, and deceit. We identify the best interactional patterns of borrower-lender profiles, ones that expectedly minimize the risk of default. We resort to discretized, predator–prey Lotka–Volterra equations where lenders act as predators and borrowers as prey, incorporating market trends and learning effects. To mathematically operationalize our framework, we use combinatorics with high, medium, and low levels of the three components of DFPs. We find 27 salient lender-borrower interactional scenarios and observe three different patterns: explosive, conducive, and implosive. Our theoretical findings indicate that equal (ir)rationality (in financial terms) between lenders and borrowers is a necessary but insufficient condition to maintain harmonious, long-term relationships. We use eutectic theory to map the agents' profiles by introducing another variable: Expected return [E(Rp)] versus risk [σ], using the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) as a base. We find six market segments: the inactive predators and prey, the loose, the greedy, the vulnerable, and the stable. We identify the optimal combination of borrowers–lenders interaction under risk, given market trends and learning effects. We propose a path for future research that would see the application of analytical tools such as factor analysis, k-means clustering algorithm, χ2 and non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis and Dunn's multiple comparison tests to verify differences among the hypothesized segments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predation exerts a profound influence on the evolution of camouflage and detection abilities in both predators and prey. For instance, flower‐visiting spiders need to ensure their concealment when ambushing on flowers, which compels pollinators to check any spider cues cautiously before landing. Although numerous studies have examined the visual camouflage of spiders deceiving bees, little is known regarding whether spiders also employ olfactory camouflage. Additionally, the detection of spiders by dipteran insects is often overlooked, despite them being major non‐bee pollinators. Here, we explored the detection ability of dipteran pollinators and the crypsis skill of spiders from both olfactory and vision perspectives using the housefly Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) as prey, the crab spider Ebrechtella tricuspidata (Fabricius) (Araneae: Thomisidae) as predators and chamomile Matricaria recutita L. (Asteraceae) as substrates. Our olfactory experiments revealed that experienced houseflies could respond to and avoid spider odour. However, this response did not appear to be innate, as naive individuals showed no aversion. Moreover, experienced houseflies did not have any avoidance behaviours to the mixed odours of spider and flower, indicating that spiders achieved olfactory crypsis utilizing floral scent. Our vision experiments and visual modelling demonstrated that houseflies could detect spiders positioned on flower. Surprisingly, instead of avoiding them, houseflies exhibited a preference for flowers occupied by female spiders, suggesting the attractive nature of female spider colouration. This paper provides evidence for the first time that crab spiders use floral scent to achieve olfactory crypsis and proposes a potential yellow‐signalling mechanism for crab spiders to attract insects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological advances have changed the way humans interact and make it easier for humans to make buying and selling transactions, but behind the positive side of technology, of course, there is a negative side that can be detrimental. One of the cases that is rampant on social media (Twitter) is concert ticket fraud. The goal of the study was to identify the communication patterns that scammers engage in when selling concert tickets and understand how a person can become a victim of online fraud through the social media platform Twitter. Seven key informants of this research are victims of fraudulent ticket purchases for NCT 127 concert "The Unity Jakarta" on Twitter. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with data sources through interviews with 7 informants and observation through the Twitter accounts of the informants. This study uses the theory of Computer Mediated Communication (CMC). Based on the results of the research, the communication pattern that occurs is that fraudsters use evidence in the form of e-tickets as collateral and an excuse to sell tickets under the pretext of having excess tickets to attract the attention of victims who are in need of concert tickets. The findings indicate that the victim made a hasty purchase of concert tickets without considering the negative consequences, known as impulse buying. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The lie-detection tests are traditionally carried out by well-trained experts using polygraph machines. However, it is time-consuming, invasive, and, overall, a cumbersome process, not admissible by the court of law. Trained individuals can easily flaunt these tests. On the other hand, facial thermal imaging could be more effective as it is noninvasive and could be a stealth method of tracking the facial blood flow patterns, which have been proven to detect deceit. This paper presents a method based on facial thermal imaging to detect deception in human subjects. The major issue in such research is the lack of proper real-life databases which emulate the crime scenes. In this paper, first, we have developed a database based on almost real-life theft incidents with due diligence using isolated subjects over a period of time at a government hospital under the plea of free health checkup. The experiment has been conducted at Midnapore Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, India, with proper ethical committee approval. The participants are selected at the behest of the police department with habitual crime records. Most of them have been repeatedly charged with petty crimes of pick-pocketing and stealing. They are invited individually at different instances of time under the plea of medical checkup where they have been enticed to steal cash. It is followed by a two-stage process, a friendly interaction followed by a slightly tougher interrogation. Their forehead and periorbital region skin surface temperature are recorded by a hidden thermal camera. Upon analysis, conspicuous changes in the temperature profile and blood flow pattern have been observed in the individuals who stole money and those who did not.

The lie-detection tests are traditionally carried out by well-trained experts using polygraph machines. However, it is time-consuming, invasive, and, overall, a cumbersome process, not admissible by the court of law. Trained individuals can easily flaunt these tests. On the other hand, facial thermal imaging could be more effective as it is noninvasive and could be a stealth method of tracking the facial blood flow patterns, which have been proven to detect deceit. This paper presents a method based on facial thermal imaging to detect deception in human subjects. The major issue in such research is the lack of proper real-life databases which emulate the crime scenes. In this paper, first, we have developed a database based on almost real-life theft incidents with due diligence using isolated subjects over a period of time at a government hospital under the plea of free health checkup. The experiment has been conducted at Midnapore Medical College and Hospital, West Bengal, India, with proper ethical committee approval. The participants are selected at the behest of the police department with habitual crime records. Most of them have been repeatedly charged with petty crimes of pick-pocketing and stealing. They are invited individually at different instances of time under the plea of medical checkup where they have been enticed to steal cash. It is followed by a two-stage process, a friendly interaction followed by a slightly tougher interrogation. Their forehead and periorbital region skin surface temperature are recorded by a hidden thermal camera. Upon analysis, conspicuous changes in the temperature profile and blood flow pattern have been observed in the individuals who stole money and those who did not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of A&C - Administrative & Constitutional Law Review - Revista de Direito Administrativo e Constitucional is the property of A&C - Revista de Direito Administrativo & Constitucional (Instituto Bacellar) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Deontological ethics emphasizes the connection between duty and the morality of human conduct; nevertheless, Mitchell and Ishiguro touch on a different form of duty, which disagrees with the deontological theory and demonstrates that it is in one’s interest. Mitchell in The Bone Clocks suggests that one’s only duty in life is “to survive,” regardless of what may happen to others, but Ishiguro contends in The Buried Giant that failing to fulfill a duty that creates a hardship for others will result in downfall. Despite the differences, they both agree that performing one’s duty is affected by manipulation and deceit. The present article peruses the concept of duty in David Mitchell’s The Bone Clocks and Kazuo Ishiguro’s The Buried Giant and Pierre Bourdieu’s Theory of Practice provides the framework of the study. Bourdieu believes that accomplishing duty seeks a social strategy to maximize one’s profit; therefore, it can easily become manipulative. The research eventually concludes that fulfilling duty in these novels is an object of manipulation which is esteemed in self-centeredness. Moreover, it delves into the definition of habitus to elucidate that it is facing a transition that is entangled with manipulation.

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the relationship between political expediency, perception management, and governmental goals. The subject matter forms the research question of “How a tool such as perception management can be used to politically expedite a government’s interests and goals?” It is understood that these ends can be achieved through the usage of perception management by constructing them from a given audience’s interests and values. The concept of perception management is introduced to the reader and illustrated by the example of the United States government’s knowledge of the Katyń Forest Massacre. This article is presented in two parts – the United States’ initial conclusion that the Nazi party was responsible for the massacre and its later reassignment of fault to the Soviet Union. The first instance which involved the reconstruction of truth, was used to politically advance the United States’ cooperation with the Soviet Union in fighting Hitler’s Germany. The second instance also involved the revelation of truth and was used to justify its fight against the North Korean communists. This article should effectively demonstrate how the practice of perception management has been used historically by the United States government to expediate its political goals. The instrumentalization of Katyń is important as it may inspire the reader to consider why certain events take hold of the media’s attention versus others, and how these events specifically may relate to domestic and international political issues.

Coordinated pair bonds are common in birds and also occur in many other taxa. How do animals solve the social dilemmas they face in coordinating with a partner? We developed an evolutionary model to explore this question, based on observations that a) neuroendocrine feedback provides emotional bookkeeping which is thought to play a key role in vertebrate social bonds and b) these bonds are developed and maintained via courtship interactions that include low-stakes social dilemmas. Using agent-based simulation, we found that emotional bookkeeping and courtship sustained cooperation in the iterated prisoner's dilemma in noisy environments, especially when combined. However, when deceitful defection was possible at low cost, courtship often increased cooperation, whereas emotional bookkeeping decreased it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the relationship between political expediency, perception management, and governmental goals. The subject matter forms the research question of “How a tool such as perception management can be used to politically expedite a government’s interests and goals?” It is understood that these ends can be achieved through the usage of perception management by constructing them from a given audience’s interests and values. The concept of perception management is introduced to the reader and illustrated by the example of the United States government’s knowledge of the Katyń Forest Massacre. This article is presented in two parts – the United States’ initial conclusion that the Nazi party was responsible for the massacre and its later reassignment of fault to the Soviet Union. The first instance which involved the reconstruction of truth, was used to politically advance the United States’ cooperation with the Soviet Union in fighting Hitler’s Germany. The second instance also involved the revelation of truth and was used to justify its fight against the North Korean communists. This article should effectively demonstrate how the practice of perception management has been used historically by the United States government to expediate its political goals. The instrumentalization of Katyń is important as it may inspire the reader to consider why certain events take hold of the media’s attention versus others, and how these events specifically may relate to domestic and international political issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persephone's consecration as a chthonic goddess begins with a dazzling narcissus and is consecrated with a honey-sweet pomegranate. These symbolic elements, however, do not operate as simple poetic ornaments; but as a form of deceit (dolos), with several levels and associations, which, like a lure, attracts the prey so that it fulfills a certain purpose imposed by another. In this way, it is proposed to reflect on the main deceives suffered by the goddess Persephone, specifically those narrated in the representation of the myth of the abduction of the goddess described in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter, so that one can ponder on the representation of the feminine through its fragile and vulnerable characterization to the art of deception by operative male entities. Thus, it appears that the daughter of Demeter is a victim, in more than one situation, of this dirigible force of deceit, and that, through deceit and ruse, Zeus of imperishable designs subverts situations in his favor, reiterating his hegemony about the gods and, in particular, about the feminine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deontological ethics emphasizes the connection between duty and the morality of human conduct; nevertheless, Mitchell and Ishiguro touch on a different form of duty, which disagrees with the deontological theory and demonstrates that it is in one's interest. Mitchell in The Bone Clocks suggests that one's only duty in life is "to survive," regardless of what may happen to others, but Ishiguro contends in The Buried Giant that failing to fulfill a duty that creates a hardship for others will result in downfall. Despite the differences, they both agree that performing one's duty is affected by manipulation and deceit. The present article peruses the concept of duty in David Mitchell's The Bone Clocks and Kazuo Ishiguro's The Buried Giant and Pierre Bourdieu's Theory of Practice provides the framework of the study. Bourdieu believes that accomplishing duty seeks a social strategy to maximize one's profit; therefore, it can easily become manipulative. The research eventually concludes that fulfilling duty in these novels is an object of manipulation which is esteemed in self-centeredness. Moreover, it delves into the definition of habitus to elucidate that it is facing a transition that is entangled with manipulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hacettepe Law Review is the property of Hacettepe Law Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Isnad is not only a means of transmission of hadith narrations but also the transmission of knowledge between strata or within the same stratum. This transfer of knowledge, i.e., using sened, leads to forming horizontal and vertical networks. In this context, the isnad network can provide important clues to follow the circulation of knowledge and social relations between periods and regions. Since they have a versatile profile, especially the isnad networks of the scholars of the tabiin period, hadith, tafsir, fiqh, etc., areas will be more comprehensive. In this context, in our study, which aims to describe the narration style of the period by comparing the narrations and isnad networks in different fields, the narrations and isnad network of Qatāda b. Diāma, one of the tabiin scholars, was analyzed through his narrations in the works attributed to him. For this purpose, the sciences of tafsīr, fiqh, and hadīth were chosen for Qatāda's areas of authority, considering the volume of the article and the accessibility of the sources. By comparing his narrations in the fields of tafsīr and fiqh, their authentication, sened analysis, and prevalence within their respective fields, his muhaddith aspect was also examined. Considering the text's flow and the study's volume, the analysis of the narrations has been limited to footnotes. The works attributed to Qatāda ibn Diāma, al-Manāsik and al-Nasih wa'l-Mensūh, constitute our primary sources, but early and classical hadīth, tafsīr and fiqh sources have been utilized. For the sake of limitation, the Musnad of Abū Hanīfah and Imam Shāfi'ī, the Asār of Imam Abū Yūsuf and Imam Muhammad, al-Ṣāḥawī's Sharḥ Meān al-asār, alBayhaqī's Ma'rifat al-Sunan, and the commentaries of al-Tabari and al-Qurtubi are used as sources. The article is organized under two main headings. In the first main heading, Qatāda b. Diāma's life and isnad network are discussed; the results obtained by evaluating his areas of authority and narrations are presented in the second main heading. Studies have been carried out on subjects such as Qatāda's hadith, exegesis, and jurisprudence. The present study, on the other hand, aims to deal with Qatāda's authority areas in the context of the isnād network and to reveal the results from a holistic point of view. However, it is difficult to say that Qatāda's isnād network has been fully shown and analyzed because not all of his narrations in the fields of tafsīr and fiqh and his narrations in other fields of science other than these fields could be included in the scope of the article and due to the limitations of the sources compared. However, since such a study would exceed the usual limits of an academic article, the present study can be considered as a nucleus. According to the results obtained, the isnad network extends from the Companions to the third century. However, it is wider in the layer of the followers, both due to the breadth of their authority and the fact that they are among the younger tâbiîn. It can be said that this widespread network, which is like the channels that led him to the Companions, manifested itself in his narrations in the form of mursals. One of the main criticisms against him, deceit, as seen in the narration style of the period, is not narrating the hadith that he did not hear from himself as if he had heard it from his teacher, but in the form of incompleteness in not mentioning the name of a narrator in his own stratum. It can also be stated here that he used isnad in the narration of hadith; however, as a result of the narration style of the period, he did not have a special sensitivity in the use of mursal-unbroken (muttasıl) narrators. Therefore, in this sense, his use of deceit should not be considered a flaw when evaluated within the narration style of the period. When an evaluation is made between the fields of authority, the isnad network is concentrated in the field of tafsir. When his narrations are analyzed in terms of tafsīr and fiqh sciences, more mursal narrations are found in fiqh narrations than in tafsīr. These narrations are mostly based on famous Mursil narrators who were his teachers. However, it can be said that tafsīr narrations are not subjected to deceit, whereas fiqh narrations are subjected to tadlis. When we look at the distribution among regions, it is seen that the isnad network is distributed in Iraq, Damascus, and Hijaz regions, with Basra predominating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Late medieval manuscript recipe collections frequently record recipes for amusing effects, which this article terms as ‘magic tricks’. Using a source base of 100 largely unstudied manuscript recipe collections, I demonstrate in this paper that these magic tricks point toward a common experience and appreciation of illusionist magic which was intimately related to medieval attitudes towards physical matter and the mind. I consider magic tricks under the rubric of the Chemical Humanities, arguing that they are evidence of a common experience of chemical knowledge in late medieval Europe which inspired experimentation with utilitarian processes and substances to create amusing and entertaining effects. Even if magic tricks were not always actually performed, how they represent the imagined potential of material substances can highlight how different sectors of medieval European society, motivated by different interests, engaged with practical technical knowledge. This article also considers how medieval magic tricks, and consequently illusionist magic, interacted with the mind. Using the work of influential medieval theologians, I argue that magic tricks were understood as a distinct type of illusion predicated on the misdirection of humanity’s inherently faulty perception. Further, my analysis of illusions in medieval romance shows that it is possible to reconstruct the specific social and cultural spaces that allowed medieval people to experience certain deceptions as illusionist magic. Whether as an avenue for analysing how medieval people minded matter, or interrogated matters of the mind, medieval European magic tricks highlight a playful attitude to chemical practice and the experience of deceit.

This article foregrounds the role of secrets in creating, maintaining and disrupting intimacy. We extend sociological theorising on secrecy by demonstrating the operative role of secrets, across the entire relational spectrum within the non/monogamy system. The focus on non/monogamy is particularly revealing, as questions about secrecy and deceit are intensely charged with moral meanings. Ultimately, we argue that secrecy is an integral and constitutive part of intimate practice. Building on Simmel’s work on deceit and lying, and its recent adaptations within the sociology of secrecy and critical theory, we assert that practices of secrecy should be central to the study of intimacy and the sociology of personal life. The distinction between consensual non-monogamy (e.g. polyamory) and non-consensual non-monogamy (such as affairs) tends to focus on mutual disclosure and transparency as key markers of difference. We take an important step in challenging the dichotomy of secrecy and transparency, showing that strategies of secrecy are implicated in the production of both monogamies or non-monogamies, whether consensual or not. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research illustrates the crafty practices of deceit employed by Butonese farmers and their ethnic Chinese employers in Maluku. These acts of deception reveal the continuing mistrust between these ethnically different groups within their economically interdependent hierarchical relationships. People deceive each other, but they still build interdependent, hierarchical relationships despite these deceptions. This deceit does not operate in the form of a political-resistance movement but pragmatically, as a game, in order to receive additional income. It is based on Butonese dissatisfaction with their ethnic Chinese patrons and the issue of surplus values. Farmers struggle with the value of their commodities' surplus, employees over their labour, and ethnic Chinese traders over their money. However, while this dissatisfaction is not publicly expressed, everybody knows, or tahu sama tahu. The problems faced by these farmer-trader-local ethnic group relationships are mostly built on the basis of 'an open secret' of deception and bribery that stems from the long, deep history of social relations between the local Malukans, the migrant Butonese, and the Chinese traders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The protagonist of Edith Wharton's 1904 short story "The Descent of Man" is both scientist and satirist. The target of his satire--"false interpreters" of evolutionary theory--allows Wharton to combine analysis of genre with inquiry into the cultural controversy Darwin's ideas inspired. Anthropocentric anxieties explain popular preference for soothing "pseudoscience" over unsparing accounts of natural selection; they likewise explain widespread obtuseness to Professor Linyard's ridicule of hazy illogic posing as science. Motivated more strongly by fitness interests than by allegiance to scientific truth, however, the professor becomes complicit in widespread misreading of his own text. He thereby encourages the ignorance he intended to dispel, and Wharton highlights the ironies inherent in this self-sabotage. She insists that susceptibility to evolved adaptations is universal, moreover, and that it often impedes the discovery and promulgation of truth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Romanian Review of Private Law / Revista Română de Drept Privat is the property of Universul Juridic Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Many early Christian and late Second Temple texts describe deceit as impurity. In this article, I delineate the development of this discourse and argue that it derived its power from several characteristics: mixing deceit impurity with other types of moral impurity; an implicit link between the structures of defilement/purity and falsehood/truth; localization of impurity in specific body loci; demonization; and a connection with Greek discourses on sophists and magicians. Some of these features are present already in the earliest texts such as the Hebrew Bible, but others developed only in the Hellenistic period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most common legal facts that serve as a basis for the establishment of civil rights and obligations are civil legal acts.The civil legal act represents the most important source of civil rights and obligations, constituting a legal basis through which the person manifests his free consent in the sense of exercising his exercise capacity and in strict accordance with legal norms.The normative framework regulating the institution of the civil legal act is the Civil Code of the Republic of Moldova in Title III Legal act and representation, Chapter I General provisions on the legal act, art.308-361, and the definition of civil legal act is expressly provided in art.308 of The Civil Code being"the manifestation by individuals and legal persons of the will aimed at the birth, modification or extinction of the civil legal relations". In order for the legal act to be validly concluded, it must comply with certain requirements established by law or by the parties, called validity conditions. These conditions allow the formation and manifestation of the legal will of parties. This article identifies the conditions of validity of the civil legal act, according to the new civil regulations, submits them to comparative analysis, but also establishes its own conclusions.

This article considers why truth-telling is so difficult in institutions, and deceit and paltering are so common. Drawing on recent examples of churches and charities exposed for covering up the truth about abuse, the article explores the institutional barriers to truthfulness and considers how they might be removed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]