1. The Traditional Medicine Spilanthes acmella, and the Alkylamides Spilanthol and Undeca-2E-ene-8,10-diynoic Acid Isobutylamide, Demonstrate In Vitro and In Vivo Antimalarial Activity
- Author
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Spelman, Kevin, Depoix, Delphine, McCray, Megan, Mouray, Elisabeth, Grellier, Philippe, National Institutes of Health [Bethesda] (NIH), Molécules de Communication et Adaptation des Micro-organismes (MCAM), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of North Carolina [Greensboro] (UNCG), and University of North Carolina System (UNC)
- Subjects
Male ,Plant Extracts ,Polyunsaturated Alkamides ,alkylamides ,Plasmodium falciparum ,malaria ,phytotherapy ,Plasmodium yoelii ,Asteraceae ,traditional medicine ,Amides ,Article ,Antimalarials ,Inhibitory Concentration 50 ,Mice ,[SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology ,parasitic diseases ,Fatty Acids, Unsaturated ,Animals ,[CHIM]Chemical Sciences ,Female ,deca-2E 6Z 8E-trienoic acid isobutylamide - Abstract
International audience; Spilanthes spp. are used as traditional herbal medicines in Africa and India to treat malaria. Yet, to date, there is no data on active constituents or most effective extraction methods for this indication. The isolated alkylamides, spilanthol and undeca-2E-ene-8,10-diynoic acid isobutylamide, found in S. acmella Murr., were shown to have IC50s of 16.5 μg/mL and 41.4 μg/ mL on Plasmodium falciparum strain PFB and IC50s of 5.8 μg/mL and 16.3 μg/mL for the chloroquine resistant P. falciparum K1 strain, respectively. Further investigations revealed that at relatively low concentrations, spilanthol and the water extract of S. acmella reduced the parasitemia 59% and 53% in mice infected with P. yoelii yoelii 17XNL at 5 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg, respectively. Unexpectedly, the 95% ethanol extract of S. acmella was less effective (36% reduction in parasitemia) at 50 mg/kg. These results provide the first evidence supporting S. acmella against malaria and demonstrating active constituents in S. acmella against P. falciparum.
- Published
- 2011
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