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The activity of the stock exchange has increased significantly in the country. The expansion of the segment of private investors is especially noticeable. This directly depends on the economic stability in the country, the level of inflation, and the growth of real incomes of the population. Therefore, the focus should be on stability in the country, improving the well-being of the population, economic growth, the monetary system, and the activity of business entities. The pandemic also influenced the growing interest of individuals in buying securities. Private investors began to consider alternative sources of bank deposits, ways to generate additional income. In addition, the digitalization of brokerage services provided everyone with access to investing. Since 2020, second-tier banks have received permission to conduct brokerage activities, which has increased their activity. Now individual banks of the country (Halyk Bank, Bank Center Credit) can sell securities through mobile applications. Now work is underway to increase activity in the securities market not only of large companies, but also of small and medium-sized businesses. Therefore, it is very important that the state at the initial stage carries out systematic work to intervene, support and regulate the securities market. The article discusses the need to develop the stock market and issues of government regulation in the country. The importance, main goal, tools and methods of implementing state regulation of the securities market are indicated, and current problems are identified and ways to solve them are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the backdrop of COVID-19, we study how the interactions of mutual funds and dealers introduce fragility to the municipal bond market and induce lasting market impacts. During the crisis, trading surges, whereas dealers' liquidity provision plunges for mutual-fund-held bonds, leading to greater price depressions in these bonds. Importantly, the crisis reshapes the market's perceptions of mutual fund fragility risks, with the aftermath-yield spreads widening significantly more for bonds with greater mutual fund exposures. Such postcrisis pricing effects reflect dealers' continued reluctance to provide liquidity for mutual fund–held bonds, and they are stronger for bonds whose mutual fund holders are more susceptible to investor runs. This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance. Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.4912. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditional public extension worker-farmer cooperation in rice production demonstration is not working efficiently, therefore, private partnership-based demonstration has been attempted to introduce as its alternative very recently involving dealer-customer farmer. The study evaluated the private extension services rendered through dealer-customer farmer cooperation in Bangladesh. Thirty-three rice seed dealers and ninety-two customer farmers formed the samples for the study. Face-to-face interviews were employed as a quantitative method while focus group discussion was used as a qualitative method in the present study. Involving in the private rice production demonstration approach, customer farmers indicated high profit, greater involvement in decision-making, and improved marketing skills as the major advantages; while the dealers stressed the benefit received by the small farmers, improvement in their decision-making capacity and increased local rice production. However, the slow distribution of inputs during the production period was a weakness in the arrangement, which was mostly because of the dealers' lack of understanding of the customer farmers’ needs. The private extension system being a new concept in the country may be observed over a period and gradually extended to the nooks and crannies of the country.

În articol autorul dezvăluie caracteristicile contractelor independente - distribuție și dealer. Separat, s-a ajuns la concluzia că aceste contracte în știința juridică sunt adesea identificate, dar în cadrul studiului au fost dovedite și evidențiate principalele trăsături distinctive ale acestor structuri contractuale, ceea ce a făcut posibilă eliminarea tuturor contradicțiilor existente anterior pe această problemă. De remarcat mai ales că aceste contracte diferă semnificativ unele de altele, însă în știința de astăzi nu există un consens cu privire la natura juridică a acestor structuri contractuale, ceea ce duce la calificarea și individualizarea incorectă a acestor două contracte. În sprijinul poziției științifice, autorii furnizează trăsături distinctive specifice ale unui acord de distribuție de un acord de dealer, ceea ce a permis autorilor să dovedească independența și individualitatea acestor acorduri, ceea ce indică subiectul, conținutul și domeniul de aplicare al acestora.

Drug dealing is widespread in all sectors of society but is still studied predominantly in disadvantaged urban areas. We identify three main pathways to drug dealing based on qualitative interviews with middle- and upper-class individuals in Oslo, Norway. First, problems in the family and school and a lack of belonging in affluent neighbourhoods intersected with drug use and eventually led to recruitment into the illegal drug economy. Second, criminal entrepreneurship developed among relatively disadvantaged people who dealt drugs in an affluent low-risk context. Third, dealing emerged from involvement in drug liberalization and medical marihuana countercultures. The first pathway is similar to trajectories in disadvantaged urban areas, while the others reveal the importance of studying drug dealing in the upper layers of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organization ofrepair and servicing base of technical service envisages forming ofrational composition of enterprises of different types; determination technically of necessary and economically expedient production capacity; ground of zones of technical service; perfection of the system of mutually beneficial relations between enterprises at the market of technical services in an agrarian sphere. The dealer enterprise (DE) is considered as a system consisting of three main blocks (subsystems): services, sales and supply. The DE is unified, located on the service territory (region, edge, district), and not concentrated in one place.

Copyright of College of Law Journal for Legal & Political Sciences / Magallat Kulliyyat Al-Qanun Li-L-ulum Al-Qanuniyyat Wa-Al-Siyasiyyat is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research paper examines whether and how much the regulations through the Community Directives and Regulations at European level as well as the laws which govern Money and Capital Markets in the United States helped, strengthened, protected the international financial system, if other markets were developed by moving transactions and if they contributed to the change of the world economic circles. The investigation of the impact on investors and national jurisdictions, namely, whether they are protected and whether all the factors in the system are affected, has concluded that the realization of a actually international single regulatory framework for all financial products is far away from reaching its ultimate and realistic achievement. However, the theoretical existence of a unified regulated market framework and model of organized markets, as long as, with a set of regulatory, organizational and economic policies that will shield it up to the point of a balanced regulation, offering equal information to the participants, with less transaction costs and thus increased transparency, liquidity and reducing market abuse cases and manipulation, is proved as feasible and can be implemented.

Era Motor Tambun Yamaha Dealer was a company running in field of sales of various types of Yamaha motorcycles. The problems frequently faced by warehouses were the great number of parts not accommodated in the slots, same types of parts placed in more than one location, and the absence of permanent storage location, so employees frequently faced difficulties in finding required parts. The study aimed to provide spare-part layout improvement. The parts stored would be placed in permanent locations to expedite the process of storage and taking of parts from the warehouse by maintaining the existing warehouse area using Dedicated Storage method so the use of storage area in the warehouse became more optimal. The placement was based on comparison of activities of each part with spatial requirement needed by the parts. Therefore, how much actually was the area needed by spare-part warehouse could be found out. With the design of new blocks using dedicated storage methods, it was expected to minimize that the parts could occupy permanent locations to facilitate the employees in storing and taking the parts, so the in-and-out flow of parts became smooth. Furthermore, from the result of the study, it could be concluded that the amount of ratio of block area increased into 88.8% from current block area that was only 55.5%. Besides that, it also obtained the design of new blocks with size of 10x2x3 meters and layout design with total used floor area of 176 meters with total mileage of 50 meters/day..

The article proposes a mathematical model to support decision-making on the volume of purchases and the level of retail prices, which the wholesale company (dealer) sets depending on the manufacturer's selling prices and the demand of end buyers for various volumes of wholesale purchases. It is assumed that the manufacturer and the wholesaler influence price through pricing policy. As a result, the problem of determining the optimal volume of wholesale purchases and sales, depending on supply and demand, as well as changes in the level of purchase and selling prices, is posed and solved. Two options for setting the problem are considered here: when the end buyer is informed and not informed about the producer's prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pasar sepeda motor bekas sampai saat ini masih menjadi pilihan bagi sebagian konsumen. Banyaknya dealer penjual sepeda motor bekas menunjukkan bahwa usaha tersebut masih eksis untuk dijalani. Sepanjang Jl. Diponegoro Purwodadi, Grobogan, dapat ditemui beberapa lapak pengusaha dealer motor bekas, salah satunya Sinar Maju Motor. Sayangnya dealer tersebut belum sepenuhnya memanfaatkan teknologi komputerisasi dalam proses sirkulasi jual beli sepeda motor. Menggunakan Ms. Office Excell sebatas untuk mendata detail motor. Setiap motor yang datang dan terjual hanya melalui proses pencatatan manual dalam buku induk perusahaan, maka risiko kekeliruan input data mungkin saja terjadi. Peneliti menyimpulkan perlu adanya sistem informasi penjualan yang diharapkan mampu meminimalisir segala bentuk kekeliruan dan dapat momonitor traffic penjualan pada dealer Sinar Maju Motor. Sistem ini dibuat hanya untuk admin. Pilihan menu yang diusung berupa halaman beranda, stok motor, supplier, transaksi mencakup pembelian dan penjualan, serta laporan untuk pembelian dan penjualan. Dirancang menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Hypertext Preprocessor (PHP) dan database MySql serta melalui metode Waterfall. Pengujian sistem dengan metode pendekatan Black Box dan User Acceptance Test. Kegunaan dari sistem ini dapat mengelola data motor, supplier, pembelian dan penjualan motor dengan input data motor kemudian diolah menjadi output laporan pembelian, penjualan, dan faktur penjualan. Hasil dari pengujian didapatkan 90.2% responden menerima sistem ini dengan baik dan dapat disimpulkan bahwa sistem ini sudah memenuhi kriteria sesuai dengan tujuan perancangan perangkat lunak.

With the development of market relations, most domestic enterprises have gained access to new markets, including external ones. The study and development of these markets requires not only time, but also significant financial, labor and organizational resources. Domestic manufacturer deals with a horizontal, geographically dispersed market, where a large number of consumers are present, and creating its own sales network to serve them requires disproportionately high costs in relation to the expected sales volume. Intermediaries, by providing relatively easy and inexpensive access to foreign markets, play an important role in the export of the enterprise’s products and are designed to ensure more efficient movement of goods from producer to consumer, while producers can focus their attention and effort on producing high-quality products that better meet the needs of consumers.An analysis of the distribution network of the open joint stock company “Mogotex” has been conducted in the article, the structure of finished production enterprises through joint ventures and through dealers have been analysed, the analysis of dynamics of sales through distribution network has been performed, the author`s methodology for evaluating the effectiveness of intermediaries, has been сreated, taking into account the opinions of experts from the Marketing Department of the company under study and the weight of the criteria selected for evaluation, based on the developed methodology, depending on the average amount of points collected, the company᾽s intermediaries have been grouped and strategies for interaction with various groups have been selected. For the key intermediaries of the enterprise, the development of a program for their stimulation and support has been proposed.

To investigate the sources of seed and vegetable crops, this study was carried out during 2017-18 in Balochistan province by interviewing 360 farmers selected from six districts of Balochistan applying multistage cluster sampling approach. Survey data further revealed that 34% farmers produced their own seed. Regarding source of seed, dealers (96.8%) and neighboring (88.8%) farmers were observed to be the major sources of basic seed for multiplication. However, 36.8% of the farmers reported that seed companies are their exclusive source of basic seed. Only 14% of the farmers reported that seed was purchased from public sector. Major seed sources of five crops namely wheat, cotton, rice, onion and tomato were recorded. Survey findings further revealed that informal sector (own, neighbor, and landlord) was common source of seed for wheat (62.3%) and onion growers (64.2%). On the Other hand, formal sources (seed companies and dealers) were common source of seed for cotton (97.7%); rice (92.2%); and tomato (100%) growers. Very negligible contribution of public sector was observed for the supply of quality seed to the farmers. Moreover, majority of the farmers believed that seed of the above-mentioned crops was available with difference sources, however, affordability and quality were the major concerns. Small segment of the farmers were satisfied with quality of seed and the same were recorded as 43.9% wheat, 30% cotton, 56.1% rice, 22.8% onion, and 21.7% tomato growers. Based upon research findings, recommendations were developed for public and private sector for quality supply of seed to the farmers of Balochistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solution to the problem connected with increasing the service reliability of the combine harvesters at the expense of cutting time on the delivery of spare parts to the field is offered.

The main ways to stimulate demand in the automotive market are examined. The types of state programs and concessional lending, conditions for participation in them and also to whom they are distributed are listed. Statistical data on the results of government support for 2016-2017 are presented. Support programs from automakers and efficiency from their application are indicated. New conditions of state support from the Government of the Russian Federation and the main growth zones for the current period are noted.

The article presents analytical data on the effectiveness of sales through dealer networks in Russia and in Europe, as well as their growth prospects for 2018. Against this background the quantitative dynamics of dealer centers in Russia for the period from 2013-2017. The factors of influence of economic instability on dealer networks, as well as examples of closing of the largest dealer centers in Russia, are given. The zones of opening of new dealer centers in the regions of the Russian Federation by the largest global concerns are listed.

Copyright of Clio: Revista de Pesquisa Histórica (01024736) is the property of Universidad Federal de Pernambuco / Revista Clio and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite thousands of licensed cannabis retail stores operating across Canada, there remains a significant illicit cannabis market. Some cannabis users continue to buy cannabis from dealers, illicit stores, and/or illicit online retailers. Data are from the 2021 British Columbia Cannabis Use Survey. Respondents (n = 8473) were 19 years or older, lived in British Columbia at the time of the survey, and reported using cannabis in the past 12 months. Buying cannabis from all types of illicit sources was more common among younger cannabis users, those who use cannabis more frequently and started using cannabis before the age of 17 (vs. 19 or older), and among those who co-use cannabis with other drugs. Specifically, buying cannabis from a dealer was more common among men, those with lower educational attainment, and those who seek the lowest prices when buying cannabis. In contrast, those using cannabis for medical (vs. non-medical) purposes were more likely to report getting cannabis from illicit retail stores, while buying cannabis from illicit websites was more common among people who use edible cannabis products. Consistent with other studies, younger and more frequent cannabis users were more likely to report buying cannabis from illicit sources. However, these findings suggest there is significant heterogeneity among those who buy cannabis from different types of illicit sources, which should be carefully considered when developing policies and strategies aimed at encouraging consumers to transition to legal sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many motorcycle dealers are family businesses, and they are rather oriented to short-term sales and do not operate only on logic without an emotional stake. Harley-Davidson Japan (HDJ) set up an authorized dealership system made up only of dealers with no capital relationship and did not directly manage dealers. This paper examines the period from 1991 to 2008, when Toshifumi Okui was the CEO of HDJ, during which time HDJ maintained top market share among large motorcycle companies in Japan and was a successful example of distribution system integration for other motorcycle manufacturers. For the dealers to implement HDJ’s intentions, the formal side of HDJ’s distribution system integration focused on the institutionalization of a “no control sales zero policy” and a “multilayer human relationship building policy.” However, critical to these were informal handwritten letters from the top-level management and the “Tokyo Court.”

This article explores the highlights of the management of the sales Department, a dedicated psycho-emotional features of staff.

The oil palm sector is the primary economic development in Sabah, which create career opportunities and improvement of the livelihood among the oil palm smallholders. Concurrently, the oil palm yield is profoundly influenced by several factors such as fertiliser, harvesting round, weed control and farm management. This study investigated the perception of 381 oil palm independent smallholders (OPISH) in Sabah towards purchase intention to buy fertiliser for their farms after a subsidy scheme was completed. This quantitative study adopted establishment measurement for investigating the relationship between brand, price, dealer and fertiliser purchase intention among the OPISH. The partial least squares (PLS 3.0) and structural equation modelling tool were applied to analyse the data in this study. Reliability analyses revealed that all studied variables, such as brand, price and dealers, demonstrated a loadings value more than 0.7. The findings of the study show that most of the OPISH (71.2%) possess secondary school education, 55.4% are full-time farmers, 61.2% applied fertiliser based on their knowledge and 37% of them following MPOB recommendation. Only 59.8% had attended the fertiliser training or courses conducted by MPOB. About 40% of OPISH hired workers to conduct the fertiliser application. Brands and dealers show a positive relationship with the fertiliser purchase intention while no significant relationship is shown by price. Brand image is the most influential factor affecting the OPISH purchase intention with the coefficient values of 9.518. This study demonstrates that the agriculture agency and fertiliser manufacturers need to conduct extension program to improve the OPISH knowledge on fertiliser management. It is imperative for fertiliser manufactures to produce more quality products and provide better after-sales services, thus will increase the OPISH purchase intention. Future studies need to be conducted to determine other factors influencing the OPISH intention to buy fertiliser such as product loyalty, availability and packaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to verify the importance of communication styles in the casino industry. More specifically, it was proposed that nine types of casino dealer communication styles affect player satisfaction. In addition, it was hypothesized that player satisfaction plays an important role in the formation of trust, commitment, and loyalty. A conceptual model was developed and tested using the empirical data collected from 414 table game players in Korea. The results indicated that six dimensions of communication styles (i.e. attentive, open, friendly, relaxed, animated, and contentious) positively affect player satisfaction, which in turn has a positive influence on trust, commitment, and loyalty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the highlights of the management of the sales Department, a dedicated psycho-emotional features of staff.

Many motorcycle dealers are family businesses, and they are rather oriented to short-term sales and do not operate only on logic without an emotional stake. Harley-Davidson Japan (HDJ) set up an authorized dealership system made up only of dealers with no capital relationship and did not directly manage dealers. This paper examines the period from 1991 to 2008, when Toshifumi Okui was the CEO of HDJ, during which time HDJ maintained top market share among large motorcycle companies in Japan and was a successful example of distribution system integration for other motorcycle manufacturers. For the dealers to implement HDJ's intentions, the formal side of HDJ's distribution system integration focused on the institutionalization of a "no control sales zero policy" and a "multilayer human relationship building policy." However, critical to these were informal handwritten letters from the top-level management and the "Tokyo Court." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes how General Motors (GM) uses operations research to optimize its new-vehicle inventory. The solution answers two complementary questions: (1) what is the optimal number of vehicles to build? and (2) what are the optimal vehicle configurations? To answer the first question, for each vehicle model, we find the inventory that maximizes profit less inventory carrying costs, which differs from the standard approach of finding the inventory needed to satisfy a given fill rate. To answer the second question, we provide a decision support tool to help dealers order the best variations for each vehicle model using a set-covering philosophy, which differs from the standard approach of recommending the highest-selling variants. This paper describes the business processes surrounding these decisions, how the need for implementation and ongoing use guided our solution development, and the impact on the business. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The solution to the problem connected with increasing the service reliability of the combine harvesters at the expense of cutting time on the delivery of spare parts to the field is offered.

Efficiency decomposition is being able to know the most effective way to improve a company’s organisational efficiency. This study proposes a network performance evaluation model with non-controllable variables to evaluate dealers with an emphasis on their internal processes, including demand forecasting, sales force and inventory control. The proposed model decomposes the organisational efficiency into a weighted average of internal process efficiencies, where the weights associated with the internal processes are data-driven. This is applied to an empirical case consisting of 27 automobile parts dealers in Taiwan. Based on the analysis results, dealers know the relative contribution of each internal process to the organisational efficiency, and inefficient dealers are assigned targets for enhancing the organisational efficiency as well as the process efficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theft and re-introduction of stolen heritage items from museums and galleries into the legal trade poses a significant challenge to law enforcement authorities in South Africa. The Second-Hand Goods Act 6 of 2009 came into operation in April 2012 and one of its primary purposes is to combat the ongoing crime of dealing in stolen property and its re-introduction into the legal market through dealers in second-hand goods. This paper will focus on this Act as a law enforcement tool with which to address property crimes such as theft and the receipt of stolen goods, with specific reference to cultural property. To this end, the relevant sections of Chapter I of the Second-Hand Goods Act will be discussed. The paper will also address here the deficiencies of those sections that pertain to the monitoring of dealers of heritage objects. The legislative inefficiency will be highlighted by means of a comparison with qualitative data collected from antique dealers and auctioneers specialising in heritage objects. Quantitative data that reflect trade between role players from 2006 - 2010 indicate that almost half of the role players in the market are private individuals who do not have to register in terms of the legislation. The registration of dealers who trade in second-hand goods is similarly problematic. In conclusion it will be demonstrated that sections of the Act will need to be revisited in order to investigate how amendments could enhance the competency of the Second-Hand Goods Act as the 'legal guardian' of stolen property, and as a means of reducing museum heritage crime. Based on the Routine Activities Theory, it can be argued that the Second-Hand Goods Act symbolises the 'guardian' of the goods, and in this case is deemed an incompetent and [in]capable guardian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimasi pelayanan kepada konsumen atau pembeli harus diutamakan oleh pihak pengelola dealer, karena hal ini merupakan salah satu tuntutan yang diharapkan konsumen, dan merupakan salah satu kunci untuk dapat memenangkan persaingan dengan dealer-dealer yang lain terutama dealer-dealer penyedia kendaraan bekas. Sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan penjualan. Metode servqual merupakan metode yang digunakan untuk mengetahui kriteria-kriteria kualitas yang harus ditingkatkan kualitas pelayanannya berdasarkan gap yang terjadi antara persepsi dan harapan konsumen. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa ada lima kriteria yang harus diperhatikan dan perlu untuk ditingkatkan pelayanannya oleh pihak pengelola UD. Citra Santosa Motor yaitu: pelayanan kepada pembeli (customer service) dengan nilai –0,054, kondisi kendaraan bekas yang ditawarkan dengan nilai –0,044, harga kendaraan yang ditawarkan dengan nilai -0,027, kelengkapan fasilitas dan lokasi dealer yang strategis dengan nilai 0,057, serta jaminan garansi yang diberikan dengan nilai 0,071.