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1. The global distribution and drivers of wood density and their impact on forest carbon stocks.

Author

Mo, Lidong, Crowther, Thomas W, Maynard, Daniel S, van den Hoogen, Johan, Ma, Haozhi, Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Reich, Peter B, Phillips, Oliver L, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C, Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M, Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Amaral, Iêda, Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A, Baker, Timothy R, Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G, Bastian, Meredith L, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Boonman, Coline CF, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Brandl, Susanne, Brearley, Francis Q, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, César, Ricardo G, Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han YH, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D, Coomes, David A, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Corral-Rivas, José J, Crim, Philip M, Cumming, Jonathan R, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J, Eyre, Teresa J, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M, Feldpausch, Ted R, Ferreira, Leandro V, Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier GP, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B, Harris, David J, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L, Herold, Martin, Hietz, Peter, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N, Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, and Johannsen, Vivian Kvist

Subjects
Ecology, Evolutionary biology, Environmental management
Abstract

The density of wood is a key indicator of the carbon investment strategies of trees, impacting productivity and carbon storage. Despite its importance, the global variation in wood density and its environmental controls remain poorly understood, preventing accurate predictions of global forest carbon stocks. Here we analyse information from 1.1 million forest inventory plots alongside wood density data from 10,703 tree species to create a spatially explicit understanding of the global wood density distribution and its drivers. Our findings reveal a pronounced latitudinal gradient, with wood in tropical forests being up to 30% denser than that in boreal forests. In both angiosperms and gymnosperms, hydrothermal conditions represented by annual mean temperature and soil moisture emerged as the primary factors influencing the variation in wood density globally. This indicates similar environmental filters and evolutionary adaptations among distinct plant groups, underscoring the essential role of abiotic factors in determining wood density in forest ecosystems. Additionally, our study highlights the prominent role of disturbance, such as human modification and fire risk, in influencing wood density at more local scales. Factoring in the spatial variation of wood density notably changes the estimates of forest carbon stocks, leading to differences of up to 21% within biomes. Therefore, our research contributes to a deeper understanding of terrestrial biomass distribution and how environmental changes and disturbances impact forest ecosystems.

Published
2024

3. Positive feedbacks and alternative stable states in forest leaf types

Author

Zou, Yibiao, Zohner, Constantin M, Averill, Colin, Ma, Haozhi, Merder, Julian, Berdugo, Miguel, Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia, Mo, Lidong, Brun, Philipp, Zimmermann, Niklaus E, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Reich, Peter B, Niinements, Ulo, Dahlgren, Jonas, Kändler, Gerald, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Ruiz-Benito, Paloma, de Zavala, Miguel Angel, and Crowther, Thomas W

Subjects
Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology, Forestry Sciences
Abstract

Abstract: The emergence of alternative stable states in forest systems has significant implications for the functioning and structure of the terrestrial biosphere, yet empirical evidence remains scarce. Here, we combine global forest biodiversity observations and simulations to test for alternative stable states in the presence of evergreen and deciduous forest types. We reveal a bimodal distribution of forest leaf types across temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere that cannot be explained by the environment alone, suggesting signatures of alternative forest states. Moreover, we empirically demonstrate the existence of positive feedbacks in tree growth, recruitment and mortality, with trees having 4–43% higher growth rates, 14–17% higher survival rates and 4–7 times higher recruitment rates when they are surrounded by trees of their own leaf type. Simulations show that the observed positive feedbacks are necessary and sufficient to generate alternative forest states, which also lead to dependency on history (hysteresis) during ecosystem transition from evergreen to deciduous forests and vice versa. We identify hotspots of bistable forest types in evergreen-deciduous ecotones, which are likely driven by soil-related positive feedbacks. These findings are integral to predicting the distribution of forest biomes, and aid to our understanding of biodiversity, carbon turnover, and terrestrial climate feedbacks.

Published
2024

4. The status of forest carbon markets in Latin America

Author

Blanton, Austin, Mohan, Midhun, Galgamuwa, GA Pabodha, Watt, Michael S, Montenegro, Jorge F, Mills, Freddie, Carlsen, Sheena Camilla Hirose, Valasquez-Camacho, Luisa, Bomfim, Barbara, Pons, Judith, Broadbent, Eben North, Kaur, Ashpreet, Direk, Seyide, de-Miguel, Sergio, Ortega, Macarena, Abdullah, Meshal, Rondon, Marcela, Wan Mohd Jaafar, Wan Shafrina, Silva, Carlos Alberto, Cardil, Adrian, Doaemo, Willie, and Ewane, Ewane Basil

Subjects
Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Forestry Sciences, Life on Land, Humans, Ecosystem, Carbon, Latin America, Conservation of Natural Resources, Forests, Carbon Sequestration, Afforestation/reforestation, Carbon credits, Carbon pricing initiatives, Compliance carbon markets, Emission trading systems, Forest carbon, Voluntary carbon markets, Environmental Sciences
Abstract

Tropical rainforests of Latin America (LATAM) are one of the world's largest carbon sinks, with substantial future carbon sequestration potential and contributing a major proportion of the global supply of forest carbon credits. LATAM is poised to contribute predominantly towards high-quality forest carbon offset projects designed to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, halt biodiversity loss, and provide equitable conservation benefits to people. Thus, carbon markets, including compliance carbon markets and voluntary carbon markets continue to expand in LATAM. However, the extent of the growth and status of forest carbon markets, pricing initiatives, stakeholders, amongst others, are yet to be explored and extensively reviewed for the entire LATAM region. Against this backdrop, we reviewed a total of 299 articles, including peer-reviewed and non-scientific gray literature sources, from January 2010 to March 2023. Herein, based on the extensive literature review, we present the results and provide perspectives classified into five categories: (i) the status and recent trends of forest carbon markets (ii) the interested parties and their role in the forest carbon markets, (iii) the measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) approaches and role of remote sensing, (iv) the challenges, and (v) the benefits, opportunities, future directions and recommendations to enhance forest carbon markets in LATAM. Despite the substantial challenges, better governance structures for forest carbon markets can increase the number, quality and integrity of projects and support the carbon sequestration capacity of the rainforests of LATAM. Due to the complex and extensive nature of forest carbon projects in LATAM, emerging technologies like remote sensing can enable scale and reduce technical barriers to MRV, if properly benchmarked. The future directions and recommendations provided are intended to improve upon the existing infrastructure and governance mechanisms, and encourage further participation from the public and private sectors in forest carbon markets in LATAM.

Published
2024

5. Dominance and rarity in tree communities across the globe: Patterns, predictors and threats

Author

Hordijk, Iris, Bialic‐Murphy, Lalasia, Lauber, Thomas, Routh, Devin, Poorter, Lourens, Rivers, Malin C, Steege, Hans ter, Liang, Jingjing, Reich, Peter B, de‐Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert‐Jan, Gamarra, Javier GP, Chen, Han YH, Zhou, Mo, Wiser, Susan K, Pretzsch, Hans, Paquette, Alain, Picard, Nicolas, Hérault, Bruno, Bastin, Jean‐Francois, Alberti, Giorgio, Abegg, Meinrad, Yao, Yves C Adou, Zambrano, Angelica M Almeyda, Alvarado, Braulio V, Alvarez‐Davila, Esteban, Alvarez‐Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Ammer, Christian, Antón‐Fernández, Clara, Araujo‐Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Corredor, Gerardo A Aymard, Baker, Timothy, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely, Bastian, Meredith L, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, Cesar, Ricardo G, Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie J, Clar, David B, Colletta, Gabriel, Coomes, David, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Corral‐Rivas, Jose J, Crim, Philip, Cumming, Jonathan, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Iêda, Amaral, Dourdain, Aurélie, Dolezal, Jiri, Obiang, Nestor Laurier Engone, Enquist, Brian, Eyre, Teresa, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M, Ferreira, Leandro V, Feldpausch, Ted R, Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B, Harris, David, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Herbohn, John, Hillers, Annika, Coronado, Eurídice N Honorio, Hui, Cang, Cho, Hyunkook, Ibanez, Thomas, Jung, Ilbin, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M, and Jaroszewicz, Bogdan

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Ecological Applications, Ecology, Biological Sciences, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, Life on Land, Life Below Water
Abstract

Aim: Ecological and anthropogenic factors shift the abundances of dominant and rare tree species within local forest communities, thus affecting species composition and ecosystem functioning. To inform forest and conservation management it is important to understand the drivers of dominance and rarity in local tree communities. We answer the following research questions: (1) What are the patterns of dominance and rarity in tree communities? (2) Which ecological and anthropogenic factors predict these patterns? And (3) what is the extinction risk of locally dominant and rare tree species?. Location: Global. Time period: 1990–2017. Major taxa studied: Trees. Methods: We used 1.2 million forest plots and quantified local tree dominance as the relative plot basal area of the single most dominant species and local rarity as the percentage of species that contribute together to the least 10% of plot basal area. We mapped global community dominance and rarity using machine learning models and evaluated the ecological and anthropogenic predictors with linear models. Extinction risk, for example threatened status, of geographically widespread dominant and rare species was evaluated. Results: Community dominance and rarity show contrasting latitudinal trends, with boreal forests having high levels of dominance and tropical forests having high levels of rarity. Increasing annual precipitation reduces community dominance, probably because precipitation is related to an increase in tree density and richness. Additionally, stand age is positively related to community dominance, due to stem diameter increase of the most dominant species. Surprisingly, we find that locally dominant and rare species, which are geographically widespread in our data, have an equally high rate of elevated extinction due to declining populations through large-scale land degradation. Main conclusions: By linking patterns and predictors of community dominance and rarity to extinction risk, our results suggest that also widespread species should be considered in large-scale management and conservation practices.

Published
2024

6. Integrated global assessment of the natural forest carbon potential

Author

Mo, Lidong, Zohner, Constantin M, Reich, Peter B, Liang, Jingjing, de Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Renner, Susanne S, van den Hoogen, Johan, Araza, Arnan, Herold, Martin, Mirzagholi, Leila, Ma, Haozhi, Averill, Colin, Phillips, Oliver L, Gamarra, Javier GP, Hordijk, Iris, Routh, Devin, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C, Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M, Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Amaral, Iêda, Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A, Baker, Timothy R, Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G, Bastian, Meredith L, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Brandl, Susanne, Brearley, Francis Q, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, César, Ricardo G, Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin L, Chen, Han YH, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D, Coomes, David A, Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corral-Rivas, José J, Crim, Philip M, Cumming, Jonathan R, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J, Eyre, Teresa J, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M, Feldpausch, Ted R, Ferreira, Leandro V, Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B, Harris, David J, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N, Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas, Imai, Nobuo, and Jagodziński, Andrzej M

Subjects
Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences, Ecological Applications, Environmental Sciences, Forestry Sciences, Life on Land, Biodiversity, Carbon, Carbon Sequestration, Conservation of Natural Resources, Forests, Human Activities, Environmental Restoration and Remediation, Sustainable Development, Global Warming, Agricultural, Ecosystem, General Science & Technology, Humans, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Abstract

Forests are a substantial terrestrial carbon sink, but anthropogenic changes in land use and climate have considerably reduced the scale of this system1. Remote-sensing estimates to quantify carbon losses from global forests2-5 are characterized by considerable uncertainty and we lack a comprehensive ground-sourced evaluation to benchmark these estimates. Here we combine several ground-sourced6 and satellite-derived approaches2,7,8 to evaluate the scale of the global forest carbon potential outside agricultural and urban lands. Despite regional variation, the predictions demonstrated remarkable consistency at a global scale, with only a 12% difference between the ground-sourced and satellite-derived estimates. At present, global forest carbon storage is markedly under the natural potential, with a total deficit of 226 Gt (model range = 151-363 Gt) in areas with low human footprint. Most (61%, 139 Gt C) of this potential is in areas with existing forests, in which ecosystem protection can allow forests to recover to maturity. The remaining 39% (87 Gt C) of potential lies in regions in which forests have been removed or fragmented. Although forests cannot be a substitute for emissions reductions, our results support the idea2,3,9 that the conservation, restoration and sustainable management of diverse forests offer valuable contributions to meeting global climate and biodiversity targets.

Published
2023

7. The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit

Author

Ma, Haozhi, Crowther, Thomas W, Mo, Lidong, Maynard, Daniel S, Renner, Susanne S, van den Hoogen, Johan, Zou, Yibiao, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Reich, Peter B, Niinemets, Ülo, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C, Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M, Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A, Baker, Timothy R, Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G, Bastian, Meredith L, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Brandl, Susanne, Brearley, Francis Q, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, César, Ricardo G, Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han YH, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D, Coomes, David A, Valverde, Fernando Cornejo, Corral-Rivas, José J, Crim, Philip M, Cumming, Jonathan R, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J, Eyre, Teresa J, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M, Feldpausch, Ted R, Ferreira, Leandro V, Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Fridman, Jonas, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier GP, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B, Harris, David J, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L, Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N, Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas T, Amaral, Iêda, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, and Johannsen, Vivian Kvist

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Ecology, Climate Action, Plant Biology, Crop and Pasture Production, Plant biology
Abstract

Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17-34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and identifying regions where climate change will exert greatest pressure on current leaf types, our results can help improve predictions of future terrestrial ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling.

Published
2023

8. Author Correction: Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions

Author

Delavaux, Camille S, Crowther, Thomas W, Zohner, Constantin M, Robmann, Niamh M, Lauber, Thomas, van den Hoogen, Johan, Kuebbing, Sara, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Reich, Peter B, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C, Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M, Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A, Baker, Timothy R, Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G, Bastian, Meredith L, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, César, Ricardo G, Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han YH, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D, Coomes, David A, Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corral-Rivas, José J, Crim, Philip M, Cumming, Jonathan R, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J, Eyre, Teresa J, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M, Feldpausch, Ted R, Ferreira, Leandro V, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier GP, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B, Harris, David J, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L, Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N, Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas T, Amaral, Iêda, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A, Jucker, Tommaso, Jung, Ilbin, and Karminov, Viktor

Subjects
General Science & Technology
Published
2023

10. Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions.

Author

Delavaux, Camille S, Crowther, Thomas W, Zohner, Constantin M, Robmann, Niamh M, Lauber, Thomas, van den Hoogen, Johan, Kuebbing, Sara, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Reich, Peter B, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C, Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M, Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A, Baker, Timothy R, Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G, Bastian, Meredith L, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, César, Ricardo G, Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han YH, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D, Coomes, David A, Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corral-Rivas, José J, Crim, Philip M, Cumming, Jonathan R, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J, Eyre, Teresa J, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M, Feldpausch, Ted R, Ferreira, Leandro V, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier GP, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B, Harris, David J, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L, Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N, Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas T, Amaral, Iêda, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A, Jucker, Tommaso, Jung, Ilbin, and Karminov, Viktor

Subjects
General Science & Technology
Abstract

Determining the drivers of non-native plant invasions is critical for managing native ecosystems and limiting the spread of invasive species1,2. Tree invasions in particular have been relatively overlooked, even though they have the potential to transform ecosystems and economies3,4. Here, leveraging global tree databases5-7, we explore how the phylogenetic and functional diversity of native tree communities, human pressure and the environment influence the establishment of non-native tree species and the subsequent invasion severity. We find that anthropogenic factors are key to predicting whether a location is invaded, but that invasion severity is underpinned by native diversity, with higher diversity predicting lower invasion severity. Temperature and precipitation emerge as strong predictors of invasion strategy, with non-native species invading successfully when they are similar to the native community in cold or dry extremes. Yet, despite the influence of these ecological forces in determining invasion strategy, we find evidence that these patterns can be obscured by human activity, with lower ecological signal in areas with higher proximity to shipping ports. Our global perspective of non-native tree invasion highlights that human drivers influence non-native tree presence, and that native phylogenetic and functional diversity have a critical role in the establishment and spread of subsequent invasions.

Published
2023

11. Evenness mediates the global relationship between forest productivity and richness

Author

Hordijk, Iris, Maynard, Daniel S, Hart, Simon P, Lidong, Mo, ter Steege, Hans, Liang, Jingjing, de‐Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert‐Jan, Reich, Peter B, Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, C Yves, Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M, Alvarado, Braulio V, Esteban, Alvarez‐Davila, Alvarez‐Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Ammer, Christian, Antón‐Fernández, Clara, Araujo‐Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard C, Gerardo A, Baker, Timothy, Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely, Bastian, Meredith L, Bastin, Jean‐Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro HS, Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N, Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, César, Ricardo G, Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han YH, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie J, Clark, David B, Colletta, Gabriel, Coomes, David, Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corral‐Rivas, Jose J, Crim, Philip, Cumming, Jonathan, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L, Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Iêda, Amaral, Dourdain, Aurélie, Nestor Laurier, Engone Obiang, Enquist, Brian, Eyre, Teresa, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M, Ferreira, Leandro V, Feldpausch, Ted R, Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier GP, Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B, Harris, David, Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N, Hui, Cang, Cho, Hyunkook, Ibanez, Thomas, Bin Jung, Il, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johanssen, Vivian, Joly, Carlos A, Jucker, Tommaso, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, and Kenfack, David

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Ecology, Life Below Water, diversity, ecosystem function and services, evenness, forests, global, productivity, species richness, Environmental Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences
Abstract

1. Biodiversity is an important component of natural ecosystems, with higher species richness often correlating with an increase in ecosystem productivity. Yet, this relationship varies substantially across environments, typically becoming less pronounced at high levels of species richness. However, species richness alone cannot reflect all important properties of a community, including community evenness, which may mediate the relationship between biodiversity and productivity. If the evenness of a community correlates negatively with richness across forests globally, then a greater number of species may not always increase overall diversity and productivity of the system. Theoretical work and local empirical studies have shown that the effect of evenness on ecosystem functioning may be especially strong at high richness levels, yet the consistency of this remains untested at a global scale. 2. Here, we used a dataset of forests from across the globe, which includes composition, biomass accumulation and net primary productivity, to explore whether productivity correlates with community evenness and richness in a way that evenness appears to buffer the effect of richness. Specifically, we evaluated whether low levels of evenness in speciose communities correlate with the attenuation of the richness–productivity relationship. 3. We found that tree species richness and evenness are negatively correlated across forests globally, with highly speciose forests typically comprising a few dominant and many rare species. Furthermore, we found that the correlation between diversity and productivity changes with evenness: at low richness, uneven communities are more productive, while at high richness, even communities are more productive. 4. Synthesis. Collectively, these results demonstrate that evenness is an integral component of the relationship between biodiversity and productivity, and that the attenuating effect of richness on forest productivity might be partly explained by low evenness in speciose communities. Productivity generally increases with species richness, until reduced evenness limits the overall increases in community diversity. Our research suggests that evenness is a fundamental component of biodiversity–ecosystem function relationships, and is of critical importance for guiding conservation and sustainable ecosystem management decisions.

Published
2023

12. Global patterns and environmental drivers of forest functional composition

Author

Bouchard, Elise, Searle, Eric B, Drapeau, Pierre, Liang, Jingjing, Gamarra, Javier GP, Abegg, Meinrad, Alberti, Giorgio, Zambrano, Angelica Almeyda, Alvarez‐Davila, Esteban, Alves, Luciana F, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo, Bastin, Jean‐François, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro, Broadbent, Eben, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, Češljar, Goran, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie J, Corral‐Rivas, José Javier, Crowther, Thomas W, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, Decuyper, Mathieu, Gasper, André L, de‐Miguel, Sergio, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjević, Ilija, Van Do, Tran, Dolezal, Jiri, Fayle, Tom M, Fridman, Jonas, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Hemp, Andreas, Hérault, Bruno, Herold, Martin, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Jucker, Tommaso, Kepfer‐Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Kim, Hyun Seok, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lewis, Simon, Lu, Huicui, Maitner, Brian S, Marcon, Eric, Marshall, Andrew R, Mukul, Sharif A, Nabuurs, Gert‐Jan, Nava‐Miranda, María Guadalupe, Parfenova, Elena I, Park, Minjee, Peri, Pablo L, Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L, Piedade, Maria Teresa F, Piotto, Daniel, Poulsen, John R, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Pretzsch, Hans, Reich, Peter B, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir, Rovero, Francesco, Saikia, Purabi, Salas‐Eljatib, Christian, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Schöngart, Jochen, Šebeň, Vladimír, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Souza, Alexandre F, Stereńczak, Krzysztof, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tchebakova, Nadezhda M, Steege, Hans, Tikhonova, Elena V, Usoltsev, Vladimir A, Valladares, Fernando, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C, Wang, Hua‐Feng, Westerlund, Bertil, Wiser, Susan K, Wittmann, Florian, Wortel, Verginia, Zawiła‐Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, and Zhou, Mo

Subjects
Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology, biogeography, climate, environmental gradients, functional traits, seed mass, species abundance, specific leaf area, trees, wood density
Abstract

Abstract: Aim: To determine the relationships between the functional trait composition of forest communities and environmental gradients across scales and biomes and the role of species relative abundances in these relationships. Location: Global. Time period: Recent. Major taxa studied: Trees. Methods: We integrated species abundance records from worldwide forest inventories and associated functional traits (wood density, specific leaf area and seed mass) to obtain a data set of 99,953 to 149,285 plots (depending on the trait) spanning all forested continents. We computed community‐weighted and unweighted means of trait values for each plot and related them to three broad environmental gradients and their interactions (energy availability, precipitation and soil properties) at two scales (global and biomes). Results: Our models explained up to 60% of the variance in trait distribution. At global scale, the energy gradient had the strongest influence on traits. However, within‐biome models revealed different relationships among biomes. Notably, the functional composition of tropical forests was more influenced by precipitation and soil properties than energy availability, whereas temperate forests showed the opposite pattern. Depending on the trait studied, response to gradients was more variable and proportionally weaker in boreal forests. Community unweighted means were better predicted than weighted means for almost all models. Main conclusions: Worldwide, trees require a large amount of energy (following latitude) to produce dense wood and seeds, while leaves with large surface to weight ratios are concentrated in temperate forests. However, patterns of functional composition within‐biome differ from global patterns due to biome specificities such as the presence of conifers or unique combinations of climatic and soil properties. We recommend assessing the sensitivity of tree functional traits to environmental changes in their geographic context. Furthermore, at a given site, the distribution of tree functional traits appears to be driven more by species presence than species abundance.

Published
2023

13. Mangrove forest regeneration age map and drivers of restoration success in Gulf Cooperation Council countries from satellite imagery

Author

Mohan, Midhun, Dutta Roy, Abhilash, Montenegro, Jorge F., Watt, Michael S., Burt, John A., Shapiro, Aurelie, Ouerfelli, Dhouha, Daniel, Redeat, de-Miguel, Sergio, Ali, Tarig, Ortega Pardo, Macarena, Al Sayah, Mario, Aboobacker, Valliyil Mohammed, El Beyrouthy, Naji, Reef, Ruth, Adrah, Esmaeel, AlMealla, Reem, Arachchige, Pavithra S. Pitumpe, Selvam, Pandi, Jaafar, Wan Shafrina Wan Mohd, Sujud, Lara, Bahzad, Jenan, Alawatte, Isuru, Hussein, Sohaib, López-Martínez, Carlos, Sidik, Frida, Nithyanandan, Manickam, Abdullah, Meshal, Al-Khalid, Mohammad, Abulibdeh, Ammar, Cardil, Adrián, and Chambers, Jeffrey Q.

Published
2024
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14. Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions

Author

Delavaux, Camille S., Crowther, Thomas W., Zohner, Constantin M., Robmann, Niamh M., Lauber, Thomas, van den Hoogen, Johan, Kuebbing, Sara, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Reich, Peter B., Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C., Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M., Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A., Baker, Timothy R., Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N., Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, César, Ricardo G., Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han Y. H., Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D., Coomes, David A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corral-Rivas, José J., Crim, Philip M., Cumming, Jonathan R., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L., Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J., Eyre, Teresa J., Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro V., Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier G. P., Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B., Harris, David J., Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L., Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas T., Amaral, Iêda, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A., Jucker, Tommaso, Jung, Ilbin, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kennard, Deborah K., Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Killeen, Timothy J., Kim, Hyun Seok, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Köhl, Michael, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lang, Mait, Lewis, Simon L., Lu, Huicui, Lukina, Natalia V., Maitner, Brian S., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marcon, Eric, Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Martynenko, Olga, Meave, Jorge A., Melo-Cruz, Omar, Mendoza, Casimiro, Merow, Cory, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Moreno, Vanessa S., Mukul, Sharif A., Mundhenk, Philip, Nava-Miranda, María Guadalupe, Neill, David, Neldner, Victor J., Nevenic, Radovan V., Ngugi, Michael R., Niklaus, Pascal A., Oleksyn, Jacek, Ontikov, Petr, Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar, Pan, Yude, Paquette, Alain, Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Peri, Pablo L., Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Picard, Nicolas, Piedade, Maria Teresa T. F., Piotto, Daniel, Pitman, Nigel C. A., Polo, Irina, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, Axel D., Pretzsch, Hans, Ramirez Arevalo, Freddy, Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir G., Roopsind, Anand, Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Saner, Philippe, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schöngart, Jochen, Searle, Eric B., Seben, Vladimír, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Sheil, Douglas, Shvidenko, Anatoly Z., Silva-Espejo, Javier E., Silveira, Marcos, Singh, James, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Sonké, Bonaventure, Souza, Alexandre F., Miscicki, Stanislaw, Stereńczak, Krzysztof J., Svenning, Jens-Christian, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swanepoel, Ben, Targhetta, Natalia, Tchebakova, Nadja, ter Steege, Hans, Thomas, Raquel, Tikhonova, Elena, Umunay, Peter M., Usoltsev, Vladimir A., Valencia, Renato, Valladares, Fernando, van der Plas, Fons, Do, Tran Van, van Nuland, Michael E., Vasquez, Rodolfo M., Verbeeck, Hans, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Vieira, Simone, von Gadow, Klaus, Wang, Hua-Feng, Watson, James V., Werner, Gijsbert D. A., Wiser, Susan K., Wittmann, Florian, Woell, Hannsjoerg, Wortel, Verginia, Zagt, Roderik, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zhang, Chunyu, Zhao, Xiuhai, Zhou, Mo, Zhu, Zhi-Xin, Zo-Bi, Irie C., and Maynard, Daniel S.

Published
2023
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15. Remote sensing-based mangrove blue carbon assessment in the Asia-Pacific: A systematic review

Author

Dutta Roy, Abhilash, Pitumpe Arachchige, Pavithra S., Watt, Michael S., Kale, Apoorwa, Davies, Mollie, Heng, Joe Eu, Daneil, Redeat, Galgamuwa, G.A. Pabodha, Moussa, Lara G., Timsina, Kausila, Ewane, Ewane Basil, Rogers, Kerrylee, Hendy, Ian, Edwards-Jones, Andrew, de-Miguel, Sergio, Burt, John A., Ali, Tarig, Sidik, Frida, Abdullah, Meshal, Pandi Selvam, P., Jaafar, Wan Shafrina Wan Mohd, Alawatte, Isuru, Doaemo, Willie, Cardil, Adrián, and Mohan, Midhun

Published
2024
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18. Aboveground biomass density models for NASA’s Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) lidar mission

Author

Duncanson, Laura, Kellner, James R, Armston, John, Dubayah, Ralph, Minor, David M, Hancock, Steven, Healey, Sean P, Patterson, Paul L, Saarela, Svetlana, Marselis, Suzanne, Silva, Carlos E, Bruening, Jamis, Goetz, Scott J, Tang, Hao, Hofton, Michelle, Blair, Bryan, Luthcke, Scott, Fatoyinbo, Lola, Abernethy, Katharine, Alonso, Alfonso, Andersen, Hans-Erik, Aplin, Paul, Baker, Timothy R, Barbier, Nicolas, Bastin, Jean Francois, Biber, Peter, Boeckx, Pascal, Bogaert, Jan, Boschetti, Luigi, Boucher, Peter Brehm, Boyd, Doreen S, Burslem, David FRP, Calvo-Rodriguez, Sofia, Chave, Jérôme, Chazdon, Robin L, Clark, David B, Clark, Deborah A, Cohen, Warren B, Coomes, David A, Corona, Piermaria, Cushman, KC, Cutler, Mark EJ, Dalling, James W, Dalponte, Michele, Dash, Jonathan, de-Miguel, Sergio, Deng, Songqiu, Ellis, Peter Woods, Erasmus, Barend, Fekety, Patrick A, Fernandez-Landa, Alfredo, Ferraz, Antonio, Fischer, Rico, Fisher, Adrian G, García-Abril, Antonio, Gobakken, Terje, Hacker, Jorg M, Heurich, Marco, Hill, Ross A, Hopkinson, Chris, Huang, Huabing, Hubbell, Stephen P, Hudak, Andrew T, Huth, Andreas, Imbach, Benedikt, Jeffery, Kathryn J, Katoh, Masato, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kljun, Natascha, Knapp, Nikolai, Král, Kamil, Krůček, Martin, Labrière, Nicolas, Lewis, Simon L, Longo, Marcos, Lucas, Richard M, Main, Russell, Manzanera, Jose A, Martínez, Rodolfo Vásquez, Mathieu, Renaud, Memiaghe, Herve, Meyer, Victoria, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Monerris, Alessandra, Montesano, Paul, Morsdorf, Felix, Næsset, Erik, Naidoo, Laven, Nilus, Reuben, O’Brien, Michael, Orwig, David A, Papathanassiou, Konstantinos, Parker, Geoffrey, Philipson, Christopher, Phillips, Oliver L, Pisek, Jan, Poulsen, John R, Pretzsch, Hans, and Rüdiger, Christoph

Subjects
Earth Sciences, LiDAR, GEDI, Waveform, Forest, Aboveground biomass, Modeling, Physical Geography and Environmental Geoscience, Geomatic Engineering, Geological & Geomatics Engineering, Earth sciences
Abstract

NASA's Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) is collecting spaceborne full waveform lidar data with a primary science goal of producing accurate estimates of forest aboveground biomass density (AGBD). This paper presents the development of the models used to create GEDI's footprint-level (~25 m) AGBD (GEDI04_A) product, including a description of the datasets used and the procedure for final model selection. The data used to fit our models are from a compilation of globally distributed spatially and temporally coincident field and airborne lidar datasets, whereby we simulated GEDI-like waveforms from airborne lidar to build a calibration database. We used this database to expand the geographic extent of past waveform lidar studies, and divided the globe into four broad strata by Plant Functional Type (PFT) and six geographic regions. GEDI's waveform-to-biomass models take the form of parametric Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) models with simulated Relative Height (RH) metrics as predictor variables. From an exhaustive set of candidate models, we selected the best input predictor variables, and data transformations for each geographic stratum in the GEDI domain to produce a set of comprehensive predictive footprint-level models. We found that model selection frequently favored combinations of RH metrics at the 98th, 90th, 50th, and 10th height above ground-level percentiles (RH98, RH90, RH50, and RH10, respectively), but that inclusion of lower RH metrics (e.g. RH10) did not markedly improve model performance. Second, forced inclusion of RH98 in all models was important and did not degrade model performance, and the best performing models were parsimonious, typically having only 1-3 predictors. Third, stratification by geographic domain (PFT, geographic region) improved model performance in comparison to global models without stratification. Fourth, for the vast majority of strata, the best performing models were fit using square root transformation of field AGBD and/or height metrics. There was considerable variability in model performance across geographic strata, and areas with sparse training data and/or high AGBD values had the poorest performance. These models are used to produce global predictions of AGBD, but will be improved in the future as more and better training data become available.

Published
2022

24. Influence of urban forests on residential property values: A systematic review of remote sensing-based studies

Author

Ewane, Ewane Basil, Bajaj, Shaurya, Velasquez-Camacho, Luisa, Srinivasan, Shruthi, Maeng, Juyeon, Singla, Anushka, Luber, Andrea, de-Miguel, Sergio, Richardson, Gabriella, Broadbent, Eben North, Cardil, Adrian, Jaafar, Wan Shafrina Wan Mohd, Abdullah, Meshal, Corte, Ana Paula Dalla, Silva, Carlos Alberto, Doaemo, Willie, and Mohan, Midhun

Published
2023
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26. Co-limitation towards lower latitudes shapes global forest diversity gradients

Author

Liang, Jingjing, Gamarra, Javier G. P., Picard, Nicolas, Zhou, Mo, Pijanowski, Bryan, Jacobs, Douglass F., Reich, Peter B., Crowther, Thomas W., Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, de-Miguel, Sergio, Fang, Jingyun, Woodall, Christopher W., Svenning, Jens-Christian, Jucker, Tommaso, Bastin, Jean-Francois, Wiser, Susan K., Slik, Ferry, Hérault, Bruno, Alberti, Giorgio, Keppel, Gunnar, Hengeveld, Geerten M., Ibisch, Pierre L., Silva, Carlos A., ter Steege, Hans, Peri, Pablo L., Coomes, David A., Searle, Eric B., von Gadow, Klaus, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Abbasi, Akane O., Abegg, Meinrad, Yao, Yves C. Adou, Aguirre-Gutiérrez, Jesús, Zambrano, Angelica M. Almeyda, Altman, Jan, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Álvarez-González, Juan Gabriel, Alves, Luciana F., Amani, Bienvenu H. K., Amani, Christian A., Ammer, Christian, Ilondea, Bhely Angoboy, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A., Azihou, Akomian F., Baard, Johan A., Baker, Timothy R., Balazy, Radomir, Bastian, Meredith L., Batumike, Rodrigue, Bauters, Marijn, Beeckman, Hans, Benu, Nithanel Mikael Hendrik, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bogaert, Jan, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Brandl, Susanne, Brearley, Francis Q., Briseno-Reyes, Jaime, Broadbent, Eben N., Bruelheide, Helge, Bulte, Erwin, Catlin, Ann Christine, Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, César, Ricardo G., Chen, Han Y. H., Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Colletta, Gabriel D., Corral-Rivas, José Javier, Cuchietti, Anibal, Cuni-Sanchez, Aida, Dar, Javid A., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Haulleville, Thales, Decuyper, Mathieu, Delabye, Sylvain, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Diisi, John, Do, Tran Van, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Durrheim, Graham P., Obiang, Nestor Laurier Engone, Ewango, Corneille E. N., Eyre, Teresa J., Fayle, Tom M., Feunang, Lethicia Flavine N., Finér, Leena, Fischer, Markus, Fridman, Jonas, Frizzera, Lorenzo, de Gasper, André L., Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B., Gonzalez-Elizondo, Maria Socorro, Gorenstein, Lev, Habonayo, Richard, Hardy, Olivier J., Harris, David J., Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Hubau, Wannes, Ibanez, Thomas, Imai, Nobuo, Imani, Gerard, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M., Janecek, Stepan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A., Jumbam, Blaise, Kabelong, Banoho L. P. R., Kahsay, Goytom Abraha, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kassi, Justin N., Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kennard, Deborah K., Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Kigomo, John N., Kim, Hyun Seok, Klauberg, Carine, Klomberg, Yannick, Korjus, Henn, Kothandaraman, Subashree, Kraxner, Florian, Kumar, Amit, Kuswandi, Relawan, Lang, Mait, Lawes, Michael J., Leite, Rodrigo V., Lentner, Geoffrey, Lewis, Simon L., Libalah, Moses B., Lisingo, Janvier, López-Serrano, Pablito Marcelo, Lu, Huicui, Lukina, Natalia V., Lykke, Anne Mette, Maicher, Vincent, Maitner, Brian S., Marcon, Eric, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Martynenko, Olga, Mbayu, Faustin M., Mbuvi, Musingo T. E., Meave, Jorge A., Merow, Cory, Miscicki, Stanislaw, Moreno, Vanessa S., Morera, Albert, Mukul, Sharif A., Müller, Jörg C., Murdjoko, Agustinus, Nava-Miranda, Maria Guadalupe, Ndive, Litonga Elias, Neldner, Victor J., Nevenic, Radovan V., Nforbelie, Louis N., Ngoh, Michael L., N’Guessan, Anny E., Ngugi, Michael R., Ngute, Alain S. K., Njila, Emile Narcisse N., Nyako, Melanie C., Ochuodho, Thomas O., Oleksyn, Jacek, Paquette, Alain, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Piedade, Maria T. F., Piotto, Daniel, Pollastrini, Martina, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, John R., Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Pretzsch, Hans, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir G., Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Sagheb-Talebi, Khosro, Saikia, Purabi, Sainge, Moses Nsanyi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Salis, Antonello, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schöngart, Jochen, Šebeň, Vladimír, Sellan, Giacomo, Selvi, Federico, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Sheil, Douglas, Shvidenko, Anatoly Z., Sist, Plinio, Souza, Alexandre F., Stereńczak, Krzysztof J., Sullivan, Martin J. P., Sundarapandian, Somaiah, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swaine, Mike D., Targhetta, Natalia, Tchebakova, Nadja, Trethowan, Liam A., Tropek, Robert, Mukendi, John Tshibamba, Umunay, Peter Mbanda, Usoltsev, Vladimir A., Vaglio Laurin, Gaia, Valentini, Riccardo, Valladares, Fernando, van der Plas, Fons, Vega-Nieva, Daniel José, Verbeeck, Hans, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Vieira, Simone A., Vleminckx, Jason, Waite, Catherine E., Wang, Hua-Feng, Wasingya, Eric Katembo, Wekesa, Chemuku, Westerlund, Bertil, Wittmann, Florian, Wortel, Verginia, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zhang, Chunyu, Zhao, Xiuhai, Zhu, Jun, Zhu, Xiao, Zhu, Zhi-Xin, Zo-Bi, Irie C., and Hui, Cang

Published
2022
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30. Author Correction: Native diversity buffers against severity of non-native tree invasions

Author

Delavaux, Camille S., Crowther, Thomas W., Zohner, Constantin M., Robmann, Niamh M., Lauber, Thomas, van den Hoogen, Johan, Kuebbing, Sara, Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Reich, Peter B., Abegg, Meinrad, Adou Yao, Yves C., Alberti, Giorgio, Almeyda Zambrano, Angelica M., Alvarado, Braulio Vilchez, Alvarez-Dávila, Esteban, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ammer, Christian, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Araujo-Murakami, Alejandro, Arroyo, Luzmila, Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A., Baker, Timothy R., Bałazy, Radomir, Banki, Olaf, Barroso, Jorcely G., Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean-Francois, Birigazzi, Luca, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bitariho, Robert, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H. S., Brandl, Susanne, Brienen, Roel, Broadbent, Eben N., Bruelheide, Helge, Bussotti, Filippo, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, César, Ricardo G., Cesljar, Goran, Chazdon, Robin, Chen, Han Y. H., Chisholm, Chelsea, Cho, Hyunkook, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie, Clark, David, Colletta, Gabriel D., Coomes, David A., Cornejo Valverde, Fernando, Corral-Rivas, José J., Crim, Philip M., Cumming, Jonathan R., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, de Gasper, André L., Decuyper, Mathieu, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Dolezal, Jiri, Dourdain, Aurélie, Engone Obiang, Nestor Laurier, Enquist, Brian J., Eyre, Teresa J., Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Fayle, Tom M., Feldpausch, Ted R., Ferreira, Leandro V., Fischer, Markus, Fletcher, Christine, Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gamarra, Javier G. P., Gianelle, Damiano, Glick, Henry B., Harris, David J., Hector, Andrew, Hemp, Andreas, Hengeveld, Geerten, Hérault, Bruno, Herbohn, John L., Herold, Martin, Hillers, Annika, Honorio Coronado, Eurídice N., Hui, Cang, Ibanez, Thomas T., Amaral, Iêda, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodziński, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Johannsen, Vivian Kvist, Joly, Carlos A., Jucker, Tommaso, Jung, Ilbin, Karminov, Viktor, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kenfack, David, Kennard, Deborah K., Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Khan, Mohammed Latif, Killeen, Timothy J., Kim, Hyun Seok, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Köhl, Michael, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lang, Mait, Lewis, Simon L., Lu, Huicui, Lukina, Natalia V., Maitner, Brian S., Malhi, Yadvinder, Marcon, Eric, Marimon, Beatriz Schwantes, Marimon-Junior, Ben Hur, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Martynenko, Olga, Meave, Jorge A., Melo-Cruz, Omar, Mendoza, Casimiro, Merow, Cory, Mendoza, Abel Monteagudo, Moreno, Vanessa S., Mukul, Sharif A., Mundhenk, Philip, Nava-Miranda, María Guadalupe, Neill, David, Neldner, Victor J., Nevenic, Radovan V., Ngugi, Michael R., Niklaus, Pascal A., Oleksyn, Jacek, Ontikov, Petr, Ortiz-Malavasi, Edgar, Pan, Yude, Paquette, Alain, Parada-Gutierrez, Alexander, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Peri, Pablo L., Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Picard, Nicolas, Piedade, Maria Teresa T. F., Piotto, Daniel, Pitman, Nigel C. A., Polo, Irina, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, Axel D., Pretzsch, Hans, Ramirez Arevalo, Freddy, Restrepo-Correa, Zorayda, Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir G., Roopsind, Anand, Rovero, Francesco, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Saner, Philippe, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Scherer-Lorenzen, Michael, Schmid, Bernhard, Schöngart, Jochen, Searle, Eric B., Seben, Vladimír, Serra-Diaz, Josep M., Sheil, Douglas, Shvidenko, Anatoly Z., Silva-Espejo, Javier E., Silveira, Marcos, Singh, James, Sist, Plinio, Slik, Ferry, Sonké, Bonaventure, Souza, Alexandre F., Miscicki, Stanislaw, Stereńczak, Krzysztof J., Svenning, Jens-Christian, Svoboda, Miroslav, Swanepoel, Ben, Targhetta, Natalia, Tchebakova, Nadja, ter Steege, Hans, Thomas, Raquel, Tikhonova, Elena, Umunay, Peter M., Usoltsev, Vladimir A., Valencia, Renato, Valladares, Fernando, van der Plas, Fons, Do, Tran Van, van Nuland, Michael E., Vasquez, Rodolfo M., Verbeeck, Hans, Viana, Helder, Vibrans, Alexander C., Vieira, Simone, von Gadow, Klaus, Wang, Hua-Feng, Watson, James V., Werner, Gijsbert D. A., Wiser, Susan K., Wittmann, Florian, Woell, Hannsjoerg, Wortel, Verginia, Zagt, Roderik, Zawiła-Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, Zhang, Chunyu, Zhao, Xiuhai, Zhou, Mo, Zhu, Zhi-Xin, Zo-Bi, Irie C., and Maynard, Daniel S.

Published
2023
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35. Unprecedented selectivity behavior in the direct dehydrogenation of n-butane to n-butenes with similar active Pt nanoparticle size: unveiling structural and electronic characteristics of supported monometallic catalysts.

Author

Ramos Montero, Gustavo Enrique, Ballarini, Adriana Daniela, Yañez, María Julia, de Miguel, Sergio Rubén, Bocanegra, Sonia Alejandra, and Zgolicz, Patricia Daniela

Abstract

In this work, supported Pt monometallic catalysts were prepared using oxide and carbon supports by conventional impregnation methods. Similar Pt metallic nanoparticle sizes (mean sizes about 1.8–2 nm) have been obtained using different Pt precursor loadings (0.3 to 5 wt%). For comparison, catalysts with larger nanoparticle sizes were prepared using the liquid phase reduction method. Characterization results indicate different electronic and structural characteristics for the Pt nanoparticles, comparing nanoparticles with similar and different sizes, implying that both the Pt loading and the preparation method affect the formation of different metallic phases. We used the direct dehydrogenation of n-butane to n-butenes reaction as a test reaction to study the catalytic behavior of the Pt nanoparticles obtained at different Pt atomic concentrations. Surprisingly, Pt catalysts with the lowest metallic loading show the highest selectivities to olefins. Besides, Pt catalysts supported on carbon materials showed higher selectivity to butenes than those supported on oxide materials, this was attributed to a higher electron density in the Pt active sites. Likewise, at low Pt loadings, the CNP-supported Pt nanoparticles could be confined at the defect in the nanotube structure as crystalline agglomerates of atoms with few layers or monolayers with very few surface adatom or stepped adatom nanostructures or simply as a group of atoms, thus creating active Pt sites that favor the dehydrogenation reaction over secondary reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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36. How to measure outcomes in forest restoration? A European review of success and failure indicators.

Author

Menéndez-Miguélez, María, Rubio-Cuadrado, Álvaro, Cañellas, Isabel, Erdozain, Maitane, de Miguel, Sergio, Lapin, Katharina, Hoffmann, Johanna, Werden, Leland, and Alberdi, Icíar

Subjects
FOREST monitoring, CLIMATE change, FOREST restoration, ENVIRONMENTAL degradation, LAND cover
Abstract

Restoration involves the recovery and repair of environments because environmental damage is not always irreversible, and communities are not infinitely resilient to such harm. When restoration projects are applied to nature, either directly or indirectly these may take the form of ecological, forestry or hydrological restoration, for example. In the current scenario of global climate change and increasing intensity of disturbances the importance of restoration in all types of ecosystems in order to adapt to the new conditions (so called prestoration) is evident. Whatever the objective of the restoration initiative, there is a lack of consensus as regards common indicators to evaluate the success or failure of the different initiatives implemented. In this study, we have carried out an extensive meta-analysis review of scientific papers aiming to evaluate the outcomes of restoration projects. We have done a review and selected 95 studies implemented in Europe. We explored the main pre-restoration land cover in which restoration initiatives have been implemented, the main causes of degradation, the objective of the restoration action and the indicators selected to analyze the success or failure of the action. We identified a total of 84 indicators in the analyzed papers and compared with the ones proposed for forest in the recent Nature Restoration Law. The analysis revealed five indicators commonly used for the evaluation of restoration initiatives (abundance, coverage, density, Ellenberg indicator, and richness), even where the initial objective has not yet been achieved. Our findings underscore both the benefits and challenges associated with a specific set of harmonized indicators for evaluating the success or failure of restoration initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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39. Late-spring frost risk between 1959 and 2017 decreased in North America but increased in Europe and Asia

Author

Zohner, Constantin M., Mo, Lidong, Renner, Susanne S., Svenning, Jens-Christian, Vitasse, Yann, Benito, Blas M., Ordonez, Alejandro, Baumgarten, Frederik, Bastin, Jean-François, Sebald, Veronica, Reich, Peter B., Liang, Jingjing, Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, de-Miguel, Sergio, Alberti, Giorgio, Antón-Fernández, Clara, Balazy, Radomir, Brändli, Urs-Beat, Chen, Han Y. H., Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, Faylea, Tom M., Frizzerac, Lorenzo, Gianellec, Damiano, Jagodzinskid, Andrzej M., Jaroszewiczf, Bogdan, Juckerg, Tommaso, Kepfer-Rojash, Sebastian, Khani, Mohammed Latif, Kim, Hyun Seok, Korjusn, Henn, Johannsenh, Vivian Kvist, Laarmannn, Diana, Langn, Mait, Zawila-Niedzwiecki, Tomasz, Niklaus, Pascal A., Paquette, Alain, Pretzsch, Hans, Saikia, Purabi, Schall, Peter, Šebeňa, Vladimír, Svoboda, Miroslav, Tikhonova, Elena, Viana, Helder, Zhanga, Chunyu, Zhaoa, Xiuhai, and Crowther, Thomas W.

Published
2020

41. Positive feedbacks and alternative stable states in forest leaf types

Author

GFBI consortium, Zou, Yibiao, Zohner, Constantin M., Averill, Colin, Ma, Haozhi, Merder, Julian, Berdugo, Miguel, Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia, Mo, Lidong, Brun, Philipp, Zimmermann, Niklaus E., Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert Jan, Reich, Peter B., Niinements, Ulo, Dahlgren, Jonas, Kändler, Gerald, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Ruiz-Benito, Paloma, de Zavala, Miguel Angel, Crowther, Thomas W., GFBI consortium, Zou, Yibiao, Zohner, Constantin M., Averill, Colin, Ma, Haozhi, Merder, Julian, Berdugo, Miguel, Bialic-Murphy, Lalasia, Mo, Lidong, Brun, Philipp, Zimmermann, Niklaus E., Liang, Jingjing, de-Miguel, Sergio, Nabuurs, Gert Jan, Reich, Peter B., Niinements, Ulo, Dahlgren, Jonas, Kändler, Gerald, Ratcliffe, Sophia, Ruiz-Benito, Paloma, de Zavala, Miguel Angel, and Crowther, Thomas W.

Abstract

The emergence of alternative stable states in forest systems has significant implications for the functioning and structure of the terrestrial biosphere, yet empirical evidence remains scarce. Here, we combine global forest biodiversity observations and simulations to test for alternative stable states in the presence of evergreen and deciduous forest types. We reveal a bimodal distribution of forest leaf types across temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere that cannot be explained by the environment alone, suggesting signatures of alternative forest states. Moreover, we empirically demonstrate the existence of positive feedbacks in tree growth, recruitment and mortality, with trees having 4–43% higher growth rates, 14–17% higher survival rates and 4–7 times higher recruitment rates when they are surrounded by trees of their own leaf type. Simulations show that the observed positive feedbacks are necessary and sufficient to generate alternative forest states, which also lead to dependency on history (hysteresis) during ecosystem transition from evergreen to deciduous forests and vice versa. We identify hotspots of bistable forest types in evergreen-deciduous ecotones, which are likely driven by soil-related positive feedbacks. These findings are integral to predicting the distribution of forest biomes, and aid to our understanding of biodiversity, carbon turnover, and terrestrial climate feedbacks.

Published
2024

42. Global patterns and environmental drivers of forest functional composition

Author

Bouchard, Elise, Searle, Eric B., Drapeau, Pierre, Liang, Jingjing, Gamarra, Javier Garcia Perez, Abegg, Meinrad, Alberti, Giorgio, Zambrano, Angelica Almeyda, Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, Alves, Luciana F., Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A., Bastin, Jean-François, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Broadbent, Eben North, Bussotti, Filippo, Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, Cesljar, Goran, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie J., Corral-Rivas, José Javier, Crowther, Thomas W., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, Decuyper, Mathieu, De Gasper, André Luis, De Miguel, Sergio, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Van Do, Tran, Dolezal, Jiri, Fayle, Tom M., Fridman, Jonas K., Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Hemp, Andreas, Herault, Bruno, Herold, Martin, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Jucker, Tommaso, Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Latif Khan, Mohammed, Seok Kim, Hyun, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lewis, Simon L., Lu, Huicui, Maitner, Brian S., Marcon, Eric, Marshall, Andrew R., Mukul, Sharif A., Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Nava-Miranda, Maria Guadalupe, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Peri, Pablo Luis, Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Piedade, Maria Teresa F., Piotto, Daniel, Poulsen, John R., Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Pretzsch, Hans, Reich, Peter B., Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir, Rovero, Francesco, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Schöngart, Jochen, Seben, Vladimir, Sist, Plinio, et al., Bouchard, Elise, Searle, Eric B., Drapeau, Pierre, Liang, Jingjing, Gamarra, Javier Garcia Perez, Abegg, Meinrad, Alberti, Giorgio, Zambrano, Angelica Almeyda, Alvarez-Davila, Esteban, Alves, Luciana F., Avitabile, Valerio, Aymard, Gerardo A., Bastin, Jean-François, Birnbaum, Philippe, Bongers, Frans, Bouriaud, Olivier, Brancalion, Pedro H.S., Broadbent, Eben North, Bussotti, Filippo, Cazzolla Gatti, Roberto, Cesljar, Goran, Chisholm, Chelsea, Cienciala, Emil, Clark, Connie J., Corral-Rivas, José Javier, Crowther, Thomas W., Dayanandan, Selvadurai, Decuyper, Mathieu, De Gasper, André Luis, De Miguel, Sergio, Derroire, Géraldine, DeVries, Ben, Djordjevic, Ilija, Van Do, Tran, Dolezal, Jiri, Fayle, Tom M., Fridman, Jonas K., Frizzera, Lorenzo, Gianelle, Damiano, Hemp, Andreas, Herault, Bruno, Herold, Martin, Imai, Nobuo, Jagodzinski, Andrzej M., Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, Jucker, Tommaso, Kepfer-Rojas, Sebastian, Keppel, Gunnar, Latif Khan, Mohammed, Seok Kim, Hyun, Korjus, Henn, Kraxner, Florian, Laarmann, Diana, Lewis, Simon L., Lu, Huicui, Maitner, Brian S., Marcon, Eric, Marshall, Andrew R., Mukul, Sharif A., Nabuurs, Gert-Jan, Nava-Miranda, Maria Guadalupe, Parfenova, Elena I., Park, Minjee, Peri, Pablo Luis, Pfautsch, Sebastian, Phillips, Oliver L., Piedade, Maria Teresa F., Piotto, Daniel, Poulsen, John R., Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Pretzsch, Hans, Reich, Peter B., Rodeghiero, Mirco, Rolim, Samir, Rovero, Francesco, Saikia, Purabi, Salas-Eljatib, Christian, Schall, Peter, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, Schöngart, Jochen, Seben, Vladimir, Sist, Plinio, and et al.

Abstract

Aim: To determine the relationships between the functional trait composition of forest communities and environmental gradients across scales and biomes and the role of species relative abundances in these relationships. Location: Global. Time period: Recent. Major taxa studied: Trees. Methods: We integrated species abundance records from worldwide forest inventories and associated functional traits (wood density, specific leaf area and seed mass) to obtain a data set of 99,953 to 149,285 plots (depending on the trait) spanning all forested continents. We computed community-weighted and unweighted means of trait values for each plot and related them to three broad environmental gradients and their interactions (energy availability, precipitation and soil properties) at two scales (global and biomes). Results: Our models explained up to 60% of the variance in trait distribution. At global scale, the energy gradient had the strongest influence on traits. However, within-biome models revealed different relationships among biomes. Notably, the functional composition of tropical forests was more influenced by precipitation and soil properties than energy availability, whereas temperate forests showed the opposite pattern. Depending on the trait studied, response to gradients was more variable and proportionally weaker in boreal forests. Community unweighted means were better predicted than weighted means for almost all models. Main conclusions: Worldwide, trees require a large amount of energy (following latitude) to produce dense wood and seeds, while leaves with large surface to weight ratios are concentrated in temperate forests. However, patterns of functional composition within-biome differ from global patterns due to biome specificities such as the presence of conifers or unique combinations of climatic and soil properties. We recommend assessing the sensitivity of tree functional traits to environmental changes in their geographic context. Furthermore, at a given s

Published
2024

43. Fire impacts on the biology of stream ecosystems: A synthesis of current knowledge to guide future research and integrated fire management.

Author

Erdozain, Maitane, Cardil, Adrián, and de‐Miguel, Sergio

Subjects
PRESCRIBED burning, RIPARIAN forests, TEMPERATE forests, ECOSYSTEM services, BIOMASS, FIRE management, BIOINDICATORS
Abstract

Freshwater ecosystems host disproportionately high biodiversity and provide unique ecosystem services, yet they are being degraded at an alarming rate. Fires, which are becoming increasingly frequent and intense due to global change, can affect these ecosystems in many ways, but this relationship is not fully understood. We conducted a systematic review to characterize the literature on the effects of fires on stream ecosystems and found that (1) abiotic indicators were more commonly investigated than biotic ones, (2) most previous research was conducted in North America and in the temperate evergreen forest biome, (3) following a control‐impact (CI) or before‐after (BA) design, (4) predominantly assessing wildfires as opposed to prescribed fires, (5) in small headwater streams, and (6) with a focus on structural and not functional biological indicators. After quantitatively analyzing previous research, we detected great variability in responses, with increases, decreases, and no changes being reported for most indicators (e.g., macroinvertebrate richness, fish density, algal biomass, and leaf decomposition). We shed light on these seemingly contradicting results by showing that the presence of extreme hydrological post‐fire events, the time lag between fire and sampling, and whether the riparian forest burned or not influenced the outcome of previous research. Results suggest that although wildfires and the following hydrological events can have dramatic impacts in the short term, most biological endpoints recover within 5–10 years, and that detrimental effects are minimal in the case of prescribed fires. We also detected that no effects were more often reported by BACI studies than by CI or BA studies, raising the question of whether this research field may be biased by the inherent limitations of CI and BA designs. Finally, we make recommendations to help advance this field of research and guide future integrated fire management that includes the protection of freshwater ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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44. Catalytic Dehydrogenation on Ultradisperse Sn-Promoted Ir Catalysts Supported on MgAl 2 O 4 Prepared by Different Techniques.

Author

de Miguel, Sergio, Fals, Jayson, Benitez, Viviana, Especel, Catherine, Epron, Florence, and Bocanegra, Sonia

Subjects
BIMETALLIC catalysts, CATALYTIC dehydrogenation, CATALYST supports, ATOMIC clusters, HYDROGENOLYSIS, TIN, SURFACE area, DISPERSION (Chemistry)
Abstract

Ir and IrSn catalysts with different Sn contents (0.5, 0.7 and 0.9 wt%) were prepared using MgAl2O4 supports synthesized using two different techniques (the citrate–nitrate combustion and coprecipitation methods). Both supports, with a spinel structure, presented low acidity and good textural properties. However, the support prepared by coprecipitation had higher specific surface area and pore volume than the one prepared by combustion, which would favor the dispersion of the metals to be deposited. Likewise, during the preparation of the catalytic materials, a very good interaction was achieved between the metals and both supports, which was confirmed by the presence of sub-nanometer atomic clusters in the mono- and bimetallic catalysts. Regarding the catalytic properties, while the monometallic Ir/MgAl2O4 samples lead to a very low conversion of n-butane and a selectivity towards hydrogenolysis products, the addition of Sn to Ir increases the conversion, decreases hydrogenolysis and therefore sharply increases the selectivity towards the different butenes. Catalysts with higher Sn loadings present better catalytic behavior. One of the roles of the Sn promoter would be to geometrically modify the Ir clusters, drastically decreasing the hydrogenolytic activity. This effect, added to the strong electronic modification of the Ir sites by the action of Sn, with probable Ir-Sn alloy formation, is responsible for the high catalytic performance of these bimetallic catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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45. Using citizen science data for predicting the timing of ecological phenomena across regions.

Author

Capinha, César, Ceia-Hasse, Ana, de-Miguel, Sergio, Vila-Viçosa, Carlos, Porto, Miguel, Jarić, Ivan, Tiago, Patricia, Fernández, Néstor, Valdez, Jose, McCallum, Ian, and Pereira, Henrique Miguel

Subjects
ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring, ECOSYSTEM dynamics, DATA science, ENVIRONMENTAL sampling, CITIZEN science
Abstract

The scarcity of long-term observational data has limited the use of statistical or machine-learning techniques for predicting intraannual ecological variation. However, time-stamped citizen-science observation records, supported by media data such as photographs, are increasingly available. In the present article, we present a novel framework based on the concept of relative phenological niche, using machine-learning algorithms to model observation records as a temporal sample of environmental conditions in which the represented ecological phenomenon occurs. Our approach accurately predicts the temporal dynamics of ecological events across large geographical scales and is robust to temporal bias in recording effort. These results highlight the vast potential of citizen-science observation data to predict ecological phenomena across space, including in near real time. The framework is also easily applicable for ecologists and practitioners already using machine-learning and statistics-based predictive approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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50. Global patterns and environmental drivers of forest functional composition

Author

Bouchard, Elise, primary, Searle, Eric B., additional, Drapeau, Pierre, additional, Liang, Jingjing, additional, Gamarra, Javier G. P., additional, Abegg, Meinrad, additional, Alberti, Giorgio, additional, Zambrano, Angelica Almeyda, additional, Alvarez‐Davila, Esteban, additional, Alves, Luciana F., additional, Avitabile, Valerio, additional, Aymard, Gerardo, additional, Bastin, Jean‐François, additional, Birnbaum, Philippe, additional, Bongers, Frans, additional, Bouriaud, Olivier, additional, Brancalion, Pedro, additional, Broadbent, Eben, additional, Bussotti, Filippo, additional, Gatti, Roberto Cazzolla, additional, Češljar, Goran, additional, Chisholm, Chelsea, additional, Cienciala, Emil, additional, Clark, Connie J., additional, Corral‐Rivas, José Javier, additional, Crowther, Thomas W., additional, Dayanandan, Selvadurai, additional, Decuyper, Mathieu, additional, de Gasper, André L., additional, de‐Miguel, Sergio, additional, Derroire, Géraldine, additional, DeVries, Ben, additional, Djordjević, Ilija, additional, Van Do, Tran, additional, Dolezal, Jiri, additional, Fayle, Tom M., additional, Fridman, Jonas, additional, Frizzera, Lorenzo, additional, Gianelle, Damiano, additional, Hemp, Andreas, additional, Hérault, Bruno, additional, Herold, Martin, additional, Imai, Nobuo, additional, Jagodziński, Andrzej M., additional, Jaroszewicz, Bogdan, additional, Jucker, Tommaso, additional, Kepfer‐Rojas, Sebastian, additional, Keppel, Gunnar, additional, Khan, Mohammed Latif, additional, Kim, Hyun Seok, additional, Korjus, Henn, additional, Kraxner, Florian, additional, Laarmann, Diana, additional, Lewis, Simon, additional, Lu, Huicui, additional, Maitner, Brian S., additional, Marcon, Eric, additional, Marshall, Andrew R., additional, Mukul, Sharif A., additional, Nabuurs, Gert‐Jan, additional, Nava‐Miranda, María Guadalupe, additional, Parfenova, Elena I., additional, Park, Minjee, additional, Peri, Pablo L., additional, Pfautsch, Sebastian, additional, Phillips, Oliver L., additional, Piedade, Maria Teresa F., additional, Piotto, Daniel, additional, Poulsen, John R., additional, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, additional, Pretzsch, Hans, additional, Reich, Peter B., additional, Rodeghiero, Mirco, additional, Rolim, Samir, additional, Rovero, Francesco, additional, Saikia, Purabi, additional, Salas‐Eljatib, Christian, additional, Schall, Peter, additional, Schepaschenko, Dmitry, additional, Schöngart, Jochen, additional, Šebeň, Vladimír, additional, Sist, Plinio, additional, Slik, Ferry, additional, Souza, Alexandre F., additional, Stereńczak, Krzysztof, additional, Svoboda, Miroslav, additional, Tchebakova, Nadezhda M., additional, ter Steege, Hans, additional, Tikhonova, Elena V., additional, Usoltsev, Vladimir A., additional, Valladares, Fernando, additional, Viana, Helder, additional, Vibrans, Alexander C., additional, Wang, Hua‐Feng, additional, Westerlund, Bertil, additional, Wiser, Susan K., additional, Wittmann, Florian, additional, Wortel, Verginia, additional, Zawiła‐Niedźwiecki, Tomasz, additional, Zhou, Mo, additional, Zhu, Zhi‐Xin, additional, Zo‐Bi, Irié C., additional, and Paquette, Alain, additional

Published
2023
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