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1,892 results on '"de Vries, F"'

1. Optical readout of a superconducting qubit using a scalable piezo-optomechanical transducer

Author

van Thiel, T. C., Weaver, M. J., Berto, F., Duivestein, P., Lemang, M., Schuurman, K. L., Žemlička, M., Hijazi, F., Bernasconi, A. C., Ferrer, C., Lachman, E., Field, M., Mohan, Y., de Vries, F. K., Bultink, C. C., van Oven, J., Mutus, J. Y., Stockill, R., and Gröblacher, S.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

Superconducting quantum processors have made significant progress in size and computing potential. As a result, the practical cryogenic limitations of operating large numbers of superconducting qubits are becoming a bottleneck for further scaling. Due to the low thermal conductivity and the dense optical multiplexing capacity of telecommunications fiber, converting qubit signal processing to the optical domain using microwave-to-optics transduction would significantly relax the strain on cryogenic space and thermal budgets. Here, we demonstrate optical readout through an optical fiber of a superconducting transmon qubit connected via a coaxial cable to a fully integrated piezo-optomechanical transducer. Using a demolition readout technique, we achieve a single shot readout fidelity of 81%. Due to the small footprint (<0.15mm$^2$) and the modular fiber-based architecture, this device platform has the potential to scale towards use with thousands of qubits. Our results illustrate the potential of piezo-optomechanical transduction for low-dissipation operation of large quantum processors.

Published
2023

4. Electron transport in dual-gated three-layer MoS$_2$

Author

Masseroni, M., Davatz, T., Pisoni, R., de Vries, F. K., Rickhaus, P., Taniguchi, T., Watanabe, K., Fal'ko, V., Ihn, T., and Ensslin, K.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

The low-energy band structure of few-layer MoS$_2$ is relevant for a large variety of experiments ranging from optics to electronic transport. Its characterization remains challenging due to complex multi band behavior. We investigate the conduction band of dual-gated three-layer MoS$_2$ by means of magnetotransport experiments. The total carrier density is tuned by voltages applied between MoS$_2$ and both top and bottom gate electrodes. For asymmetrically biased top and bottom gates, electrons accumulate in the layer closest to the positively biased electrode. In this way, the three-layer MoS$_2$ can be tuned to behave electronically like a monolayer. In contrast, applying a positive voltage on both gates leads to the occupation of all three layers. Our analysis of the Shubnikov--de Haas oscillations originating from different bands lets us attribute the corresponding carrier densities in the top and bottom layers. We find a twofold Landau level degeneracy for each band, suggesting that the minima of the conduction band lie at the $\pm K$ points of the first Brillouin zone. This is in contrast to band structure calculations for zero layer asymmetry, which report minima at the $Q$ points. Even though the interlayer tunnel coupling seems to leave the low-energy conduction band unaffected, we observe scattering of electrons between the outermost layers for zero layer asymmetry. The middle layer remains decoupled due to the spin-valley symmetry, which is inverted for neighboring layers. When the bands of the outermost layers are energetically in resonance, interlayer scattering takes place, leading to an enhanced resistance and to magneto-interband oscillations., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures

Published
2021
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6. Spin-orbit interaction and induced superconductivity in an one-dimensional hole gas

Author

de Vries, F. K., Shen, J., Skolasinski, R. J., Nowak, M. P., Varjas, D., Wang, L., Wimmer, M., Ridderbos, J., Zwanenburg, F. A., Li, A., Koelling, S., Verheijen, M. A., Bakkers, E. P. A. M., and Kouwenhoven, L. P.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Low dimensional semiconducting structures with strong spin-orbit interaction (SOI) and induced superconductivity attracted much interest in the search for topological superconductors. Both the strong SOI and hard superconducting gap are directly related to the topological protection of the predicted Majorana bound states. Here we explore the one-dimensional hole gas in germanium silicon (Ge-Si) core-shell nanowires (NWs) as a new material candidate for creating a topological superconductor. Fitting multiple Andreev reflection measurements shows that the NW has two transport channels only, underlining its one-dimensionality. Furthermore, we find anisotropy of the Lande g-factor, that, combined with band structure calculations, provides us qualitative evidence for direct Rashba SOI and a strong orbital effect of the magnetic field. Finally, a hard superconducting gap is found in the tunneling regime, and the open regime, where we use the Kondo peak as a new tool to gauge the quality of the superconducting gap.

Published
2018
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10. Factors Associated with Antihypertensive Medication Non-Adherence: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Lebanese Hypertensive Adults

Author

Abbas H, Kurdi M, de Vries F, van Onzenoort HAW, Driessen JHM, Watfa M, and Karam R

Subjects
non-adherence, antihypertensive medications, patient-related factors, condition-related factor, lebanon., Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Hanine Abbas,1– 3 Mazen Kurdi,1 Frank de Vries,2– 4 Hein AW van Onzenoort,2,5 Johanna HM Driessen,2– 4,6 Myriam Watfa,7 Rita Karam1,7,8 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon; 2Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; 3Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; 4Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, the Netherlands; 5Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Amphia Hospital, Breda, the Netherlands; 6NUTRIM School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands; 7Quality Assurance of Pharmaceutical Products Department, Lebanese Ministry of Public Health, Beirut, Lebanon; 8Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Lebanese University, Beirut, LebanonCorrespondence: Rita KaramFaculty of Sciences, Lebanese University, Section 1, Beirut, LebanonTel +961 3 77 5061Email ritakmouawad@hotmail.comBackground: Poor adherence to antihypertensives is associated with negative outcome of the disease as well as loss of health-care resources. Addressing the epidemic of poor adherence requires identifying factors associated with this behaviour. The aim of this study is to describe adherence to antihypertensive medication among Lebanese hypertensive patients and to evaluate the association between socio-economic, patient- and conditions-related factors and non-adherence.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on adherence to antihypertensive medications covering all governorates of Lebanon. This study was conducted between February 2018 and January 2019 on a random sample of 1497 hypertensive patients. A face-to-face questionnaire was used to assess adherence to antihypertensive medication and its determinants according to the five World Health Organization (WHO) main categories. Logistic regression analysis was performed to test the adjusted association between the multiple exposure factors, and drug adherence data were collected by trained interviewers.Results: Adherence to antihypertensive medications was reported by 1253 (83.7%) of the patients. After multivariate analysis, patients who tried to control their stress level (OR =  0.77, 95% CI [0.38– 0.95]), those who had normal BP readings (OR =0.49, 95% CI [0.18– 0.97]), and those who believed in the effectiveness of their treatment (OR =  0.31, 95% CI [0.14– 0.76]) had a significantly lower chance to exhibit non-adherence to their treatment. However, older patients (OR= 1.87, 95% CI [1.23– 2.21]), divorced/separated patients (OR= 2.14, 95% CI [1.31– 5.48]), married (OR=1.96, 95% CI [1.27– 3.90]), widowed (OR=2.11, 95% CI [1.62– 6.50]), obese patients (OR = 1.76, 95% CI [1.21– 1.94]), and patients who smoked hookah and cigarettes (OR = 2.62, 95% CI [1.17– 6.76]) were more likely to exhibit non-adherence.Conclusion: Our study highlights the influence of factors such as old age, marital status, BMI and high level of emotional stress on non-adherence to medication in hypertensive patients. These determinants should be incorporated into adherence improving strategies.Keywords: non-adherence, antihypertensive medications, patient-related factors, condition-related factor, Lebanon

Published
2020

17. External Validation Of The Updated ADO Score In COPD Patients From The Birmingham COPD Cohort

Author

Keene SJ, Jordan RE, Franssen FME, de Vries F, Martin J, Sitch A, Turner AM, Dickens AP, Fitzmaurice D, and Adab P

Subjects
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Mortality, Prognosis, Validation Studies, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Spencer J Keene,1–3 Rachel E Jordan,1 Frits ME Franssen,3,4 Frank de Vries,2,5 James Martin,1 Alice Sitch,1,6 Alice Margaret Turner,1 Andrew P Dickens,1 David Fitzmaurice,7 Peymane Adab1 1Institute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; 2Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; 3Ciro, Horn, the Netherlands; 4Department of Respiratory Medicine, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, Maastricht, The Netherlands; 5Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 6NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK; 7Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UKCorrespondence: Rachel E JordanInstitute of Applied Health Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UKTel +44 0121 414 6775Email r.e.jordan@bham.ac.ukBackground: Reviews suggest that the ADO score is the most discriminatory prognostic score for predicting mortality among chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, but a full evaluation and external validation within primary care settings is critical before implementation.Objectives: To validate the ADO score in prevalent and screen-detected primary care COPD cases at 3 years and at shorter time periods.Patients and methods: One thousand eight hundred and ninety-two COPD cases were recruited between 2012 and 2014 from 71 United Kingdom general practices as part of the Birmingham COPD Cohort study. Cases were either on the practice COPD register or screen-detected. We validated the ADO score for predicting 3-year mortality with 1-year and 2-year mortality as secondary endpoints using discrimination (area-under-the-curve (AUC)) and calibration plots.Results: One hundred and fifty-four deaths occurred within 3 years. The ADO score was discriminatory for predicting 3-year mortality (AUC= 0.74; 95% CI: 0.69–0.79). Similar performance was found for 1- (AUC= 0.73; 0.66–0.80) and 2-year mortality (0.72; 0.67–0.76). The ADO score showed reasonable calibration for predicting 3-year mortality (calibration slope 0.95; 0.70–1.19) but over-predicted in cases with higher predicted risks of mortality at 1 (0.79; 0.45–1.13) and 2-year (0.79; 0.57–1.01) mortality.Discussion: The ADO score showed promising discrimination in predicting 3-year mortality in a primary care population including screen-detected cases. It may need to be recalibrated if it is used to provide risk predictions for 1- or 2-year mortality since, in these time-periods, over-prediction was evident, especially in cases with higher predicted mortality risks.Keywords: pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive, mortality, prognosis, validation studies

Published
2019

21. The association between insulin use and volumetric bone mineral density, bone micro-architecture and bone strength of the distal radius in patients with type 2 diabetes – The Maastricht study

Author

de Waard, E.A.C., Driessen, J.H.M., de Jong, J.J.A., van Geel, T.A.C.M., Henry, R.M.A., van Onzenoort, H.A.W., Schram, M.T., Dagnelie, P.C., van der Kallen, C.J., Sep, S.J.S., Stehouwer, C.D.A., Schaper, N.C., Koster, A., Savelberg, H.H.C.M., Neef, C., Geusens, P.P.M.M., de Vries, F., and van den Bergh, J.P.W.

Published
2017
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24. Global plant trait relationships extend to the climatic extremes of the tundra biome

Author

Thomas, H. J. D., Bjorkman, A. D., Myers-Smith, I. H., Elmendorf, S. C., Kattge, J., Diaz, S., Vellend, M., Blok, D., Cornelissen, J. H. C., Forbes, B. C., Henry, G. H. R., Hollister, R. D., Normand, S., Prevéy, J. S., Rixen, C., Schaepman-Strub, G., Wilmking, M., Wipf, S., Cornwell, W. K., Beck, P. S. A., Georges, D., Goetz, S. J., Guay, K. C., Rüger, N., Soudzilovskaia, N. A., Spasojevic, M. J., Alatalo, J. M., Alexander, H. D., Anadon-Rosell, A., Angers-Blondin, S., te Beest, M., Berner, L. T., Björk, R. G., Buchwal, A., Buras, A., Carbognani, M., Christie, K. S., Collier, L. S., Cooper, E. J., Elberling, B., Eskelinen, A., Frei, E. R., Grau, O., Grogan, P., Hallinger, M., Heijmans, M. M. P. D., Hermanutz, L., Hudson, J. M. G., Johnstone, J. F., Hülber, K., Iturrate-Garcia, M., Iversen, C. M., Jaroszynska, F., Kaarlejarvi, E., Kulonen, A., Lamarque, L. J., Lantz, T. C., Lévesque, E., Little, C. J., Michelsen, A., Milbau, A., Nabe-Nielsen, J., Nielsen, S. S., Ninot, J. M., Oberbauer, S. F., Olofsson, J., Onipchenko, V. G., Petraglia, A., Rumpf, S. B., Shetti, R., Speed, J. D. M., Suding, K. N., Tape, K. D., Tomaselli, M., Trant, A. J., Treier, U. A., Tremblay, M., Venn, S. E., Vowles, T., Weijers, S., Wookey, P. A., Zamin, T. J., Bahn, M., Blonder, B., van Bodegom, P. M., Bond-Lamberty, B., Campetella, G., Cerabolini, B. E. L., Chapin, III, F. S., Craine, J. M., Dainese, M., Green, W. A., Jansen, S., Kleyer, M., Manning, P., Niinemets, Ü., Onoda, Y., Ozinga, W. A., Peñuelas, J., Poschlod, P., Reich, P. B., Sandel, B., Schamp, B. S., Sheremetiev, S. N., and de Vries, F. T.

Published
2020
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27. Risk of community-acquired pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease stratified by smoking status: a population-based cohort study in the United Kingdom

Author

Braeken DCW, Rohde GGU, Franssen FME, Driessen JHM, van Staa TP, Souverein PC, Wouters EFM, and de Vries F

Subjects
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), smoking status, Diseases of the respiratory system, RC705-779
Abstract

Dionne CW Braeken,1–3 Gernot GU Rohde,2 Frits ME Franssen,1,2 Johanna HM Driessen,3–5 Tjeerd P van Staa,3,6 Patrick C Souverein,3 Emiel FM Wouters,1,2 Frank de Vries3,4,7 1Department of Research and Education, CIRO, Horn, 2Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, 3Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht, 4Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC+), Maastricht, 5Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht, the Netherlands; 6Department of Health eResearch, University of Manchester, Manchester, 7MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK Background: Smoking increases the risk of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and is associated with the development of COPD. Until now, it is unclear whether CAP in COPD is due to smoking-related effects, or due to COPD pathophysiology itself. Objective: To evaluate the association between COPD and CAP by smoking status. Methods: In total, 62,621 COPD and 191,654 control subjects, matched by year of birth, gender and primary care practice, were extracted from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (2005–2014). Incidence rates (IRs) were estimated by dividing the total number of CAP cases by the cumulative person-time at risk. Time-varying Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) for CAP in COPD patients versus controls. HRs of CAP by smoking status were calculated by stratified analyses in COPD patients versus controls and within both subgroups with never smoking as reference. Results: IRs of CAP in COPD patients (32.00/1,000 person-years) and controls (6.75/1,000 person-years) increased with age and female gender. The risk of CAP in COPD patients was higher than in controls (HR 4.51, 95% CI: 4.27–4.77). Current smoking COPD patients had comparable CAP risk (HR 0.92, 95% CI: 0.82–1.02) as never smoking COPD patients (reference), whereas current smoking controls had a higher risk (HR 1.23, 95% CI: 1.13–1.34) compared to never smoking controls. Conclusion: COPD patients have a fourfold increased risk to develop CAP, independent of smoking status. Identification of factors related with the increased risk of CAP in COPD is warranted, in order to improve the management of patients at risk. Keywords: COPD, respiratory infections, incidence, smoking risk

Published
2017

28. His452Tyr 5-HT2A polymorphism and intravaginal ejaculation latency time in Dutch men with lifelong premature ejaculation

Author

van Raaij, J J, Hua, K H, de Vries, F, Janssen, Paddy K C, van Raaij, J J, Hua, K H, de Vries, F, and Janssen, Paddy K C

Abstract

Lifelong premature ejaculation (LPE) may have heritable components. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been proven effective in prolonging intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT). Given that serotonergic pathways are involved in the ejaculation mechanism, we aimed to investigate whether His452Tyr, also known as the C1354T (RS6314) polymorphism of the 5-HT2A receptor, contributes to LPE pathogenesis and IELT differences among patients with LPE. Dutch Caucasian men with LPE (n = 65) attending the Outpatient Department of Neurosexology, HagaZiekenhuis for drug treatment for LPE in 2009 were selected and included in this case-control study. IELT during coitus was measured using a stopwatch, and all men were genotyped for the His452Tyr polymorphism. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the association between the genotypes and IELTs. Mean IELTs with standard deviations were 29.7 (±20.9), 31.5 (±14.7), and 26.0 s, and the frequencies were 83.1%, 15.4%, and 1.5% for the CC, CT, and TT groups, respectively, with an average IELT of 29.9 s. No difference in mean IELT was observed between these groups. In the affected group, the frequencies of alleles C and T were 90.8% and 9.2%, respectively; whereas those among randomly selected European Caucasian male controls (n = 503) from the CEPH database were of 92.0% and 8.0%, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the groups. Therefore, no correlation was found between the His452Tyr polymorphism and IELT distribution in patients with LPE.

Published
2023

29. A fast-slow trait continuum at the level of entire communities

Author

Neyret, M., Le Provost, G., Boesing, A.L., Schneider, F.D., Baulechner, D., Bergmann, J., de Vries, F., Fiore-Donno, A.M., Geisen, S., Goldmann, Kezia ; orcid:0000-0003-2954-5517, Merges, A., Saifutdinov, R.A., Simons, N.K., Tobias, J.A., Zaitsev, A.S., Gossner, M.M., Jung, K., Kandeler, E., Krauss, J., Penone, C., Schloter, M., Schulz, S., Staab, M., Wolters, V., Apostolakis, A., Birkhofer, K., Boch, S., Boeddinghaus, R.S., Bolliger, R., Bonkowski, M., Buscot, Francois, Dumack, K., Fischer, M., Gan, H.Y., Heinze, J., Hölzel, N., John, K., Klaus, V.H., Kleinebecker, T., Marhan, S., Müller, J., Renner, S.C., Rillig, M., Schenk, N.V., Schöning, I., Schrumpf, M., Seibold, S., Socher, S., Solly, E.F., Teuscher, M., van Kleunen, M., Wubet, Tesfaye ; orcid:0000-0001-8572-4486, Manning, P., Neyret, M., Le Provost, G., Boesing, A.L., Schneider, F.D., Baulechner, D., Bergmann, J., de Vries, F., Fiore-Donno, A.M., Geisen, S., Goldmann, Kezia ; orcid:0000-0003-2954-5517, Merges, A., Saifutdinov, R.A., Simons, N.K., Tobias, J.A., Zaitsev, A.S., Gossner, M.M., Jung, K., Kandeler, E., Krauss, J., Penone, C., Schloter, M., Schulz, S., Staab, M., Wolters, V., Apostolakis, A., Birkhofer, K., Boch, S., Boeddinghaus, R.S., Bolliger, R., Bonkowski, M., Buscot, Francois, Dumack, K., Fischer, M., Gan, H.Y., Heinze, J., Hölzel, N., John, K., Klaus, V.H., Kleinebecker, T., Marhan, S., Müller, J., Renner, S.C., Rillig, M., Schenk, N.V., Schöning, I., Schrumpf, M., Seibold, S., Socher, S., Solly, E.F., Teuscher, M., van Kleunen, M., Wubet, Tesfaye ; orcid:0000-0001-8572-4486, and Manning, P.

Abstract

Across the tree of life, organismal functional strategies form a continuum from slow- to fast-growing organisms, in response to common drivers such as resource availability and disturbance. However, the synchronization of these strategies at the entire community level is untested. We combine trait data for >2800 above- and belowground taxa from 14 trophic guilds spanning a disturbance and resource availability gradient in German grasslands. Most guilds consistently respond to these drivers through both direct and trophically-mediated effects, resulting in a "slow-fast" axis at the level of the entire community. Fast trait communities were also associated with faster rates of whole ecosystem functioning. These findings demonstrate that "slow" and "fast" strategies can be manifested at the level of whole ecosystems, opening new avenues of ecosystem-level functional classification.

Published
2023

31. His452Tyr 5-HT2A polymorphism and intravaginal ejaculation latency time in Dutch men with lifelong premature ejaculation

Author

van Raaij, J.J., Hua, K.H., de Vries, F., Janssen, P.K.C., van Raaij, J.J., Hua, K.H., de Vries, F., and Janssen, P.K.C.

Abstract

Lifelong premature ejaculation (LPE) may have heritable components. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors have been proven effective in prolonging intravaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT). Given that serotonergic pathways are involved in the ejaculation mechanism, we aimed to investigate whether His452Tyr, also known as the C1354T (RS6314) polymorphism of the 5-HT2A receptor, contributes to LPE pathogenesis and IELT differences among patients with LPE. Dutch Caucasian men with LPE (n = 65) attending the Outpatient Department of Neurosexology, HagaZiekenhuis for drug treatment for LPE in 2009 were selected and included in this case-control study. IELT during coitus was measured using a stopwatch, and all men were genotyped for the His452Tyr polymorphism. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to determine the association between the genotypes and IELTs. Mean IELTs with standard deviations were 29.7 (+/- 20.9), 31.5 (+/- 14.7), and 26.0 s, and the frequencies were 83.1%, 15.4%, and 1.5% for the CC, CT, and TT groups, respectively, with an average IELT of 29.9 s. No difference in mean IELT was observed between these groups. In the affected group, the frequencies of alleles C and T were 90.8% and 9.2%, respectively; whereas those among randomly selected European Caucasian male controls (n = 503) from the CEPH database were of 92.0% and 8.0%, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the groups. Therefore, no correlation was found between the His452Tyr polymorphism and IELT distribution in patients with LPE.

Published
2023

32. Toezichttheorie

Author

de Winter, Paulien, Muller, E.R., de Vries, F., Winter, H.B., Empirical Legal Studies, and Public Trust and Public Law

Published
2023

33. Inleiding

Author

Muller, Erwin, de Vries, Femke, Winter, Heinrich, Muller, E.R., de Vries, F., Winter, H.B., Empirical Legal Studies, and Public Trust and Public Law

Published
2023

48. The biogeography of relative abundance of soil fungi versus bacteria in surface topsoil

Author

Yu, Kailiang, van den Hoogen, Johan, Wang, Z., Averill, C., Routh, D., Smith, Gabriel Reuben, Drenovsky, R. E., Scow, K. M., Mo, F., Waldrop, M. P., Yang, Yuanhe, Tang, W., De Vries, F. T., Bardgett, R. D., Manning, P., Bastida, F., Baer, S. G., Bach, E. M., García, C., Wang, Qingkui, Ma, L., Chen, B., He, X., Teurlincx, S., Heijboer, Amber, Bradley, J. A., Crowther, T. W., Yu, Kailiang, van den Hoogen, Johan, Wang, Z., Averill, C., Routh, D., Smith, Gabriel Reuben, Drenovsky, R. E., Scow, K. M., Mo, F., Waldrop, M. P., Yang, Yuanhe, Tang, W., De Vries, F. T., Bardgett, R. D., Manning, P., Bastida, F., Baer, S. G., Bach, E. M., García, C., Wang, Qingkui, Ma, L., Chen, B., He, X., Teurlincx, S., Heijboer, Amber, Bradley, J. A., and Crowther, T. W.

Abstract

Fungi and bacteria are the two dominant groups of soil microbial communities worldwide. By controlling the turnover of soil organic matter, these organisms directly regulate the cycling of carbon between the soil and the atmosphere. Fundamental differences in the physiology and life history of bacteria and fungi suggest that variation in the biogeography of relative abundance of soil fungi versus bacteria could drive striking differences in carbon decomposition and soil organic matter formation between different biomes. However, a lack of global and predictive information on the distribution of these organisms in terrestrial ecosystems has prevented the inclusion of relative abundance of soil fungi versus bacteria and the associated processes in global biogeochemical models. Here, we used a global-scale dataset of >3000 distinct observations of abundance of soil fungi versus bacteria in the surface topsoil (up to 15 cm) to generate the first quantitative and high-spatial-resolution (1 km2) explicit map of soil fungal proportion, defined as fungi/fungi + bacteria, across terrestrial ecosystems. We reveal striking latitudinal trends where fungal dominance increases in cold and high-latitude environments with large soil carbon stocks. There was a strong nonlinear response of fungal dominance to the environmental gradient, i.e., mean annual temperature (MAT) and net primary productivity (NPP). Fungi dominated in regions with low MAT and NPP and bacteria dominated in regions with high MAT and NPP, thus representing slow vs. fast soil energy channels, respectively, a concept with a long history in soil ecology. These high-resolution models provide the first steps towards representing the major soil microbial groups and their functional differences in global biogeochemical models to improve predictions of soil organic matter turnover under current and future climate scenarios. Raw datasets and global maps generated in this study are available at 10.6084/m9.figshare.1955

Published
2022

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