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5. LOFAR 144-MHz follow-up observations of GW170817

Author

Broderick, J. W., Shimwell, T. W., Gourdji, K., Rowlinson, A., Nissanke, S., Hotokezaka, K., Jonker, P. G., Tasse, C., Hardcastle, M. J., Oonk, J. B. R., Fender, R. P., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Shulevski, A., Stewart, A. J., ter Veen, S., Moss, V. A., van der Wiel, M. H. D., Nichols, D. A., Piette, A., Bell, M. E., Carbone, D., Corbel, S., Eislöffel, J., Grießmeier, J. -M., Keane, E. F., Law, C. J., Muñoz-Darias, T., Pietka, M., Serylak, M., van der Horst, A. J., van Leeuwen, J., Wijnands, R., Zarka, P., Anderson, J. M., Bentum, M. J., Blaauw, R., Brouw, W. N., Brüggen, M., Ciardi, B., de Vos, M., Duscha, S., Fallows, R. A., Franzen, T. M. O., Garrett, M. A., Gunst, A. W., Hoeft, M., Hörandel, J. R., Iacobelli, M., Jütte, E., Koopmans, L. V. E., Krankowski, A., Maat, P., Mann, G., Mulder, H., Nelles, A., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pekal, R., Reich, W., Röttgering, H. J. A., Schwarz, D. J., Smirnov, O., Soida, M., Toribio, M. C., van Haarlem, M. P., van Weeren, R. J., Vocks, C., Wucknitz, O., and Zucca, P. more...

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

We present low-radio-frequency follow-up observations of AT 2017gfo, the electromagnetic counterpart of GW170817, which was the first binary neutron star merger to be detected by Advanced LIGO-Virgo. These data, with a central frequency of 144 MHz, were obtained with LOFAR, the Low-Frequency Array. The maximum elevation of the target is just 13.7 degrees when observed with LOFAR, making our observations particularly challenging to calibrate and significantly limiting the achievable sensitivity. On time-scales of 130-138 and 371-374 days after the merger event, we obtain 3$\sigma$ upper limits for the afterglow component of 6.6 and 19.5 mJy beam$^{-1}$, respectively. Using our best upper limit and previously published, contemporaneous higher-frequency radio data, we place a limit on any potential steepening of the radio spectrum between 610 and 144 MHz: the two-point spectral index $\alpha^{610}_{144} \gtrsim -2.5$. We also show that LOFAR can detect the afterglows of future binary neutron star merger events occurring at more favourable elevations., Comment: 9 pages, 2 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS more...

Published
2020
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7. Cassiopeia A, Cygnus A, Taurus A, and Virgo A at ultra-low radio frequencies

Author

de Gasperin, F., Vink, J., McKean, J. P., Asgekar, A., Bentum, M. J., Blaauw, R., Bonafede, A., Bruggen, M., Breitling, F., Brouw, W. N., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., Cuciti, V., de Vos, M., Duscha, S., Eisloffel, J., Engels, D., Fallows, R. A., Franzen, T. M. O., Garrett, M. A., Gunst, A. W., Horandel, J., Heald, G., Koopmans, L. V. E., Krankowski, A., Maat, P., Mann, G., Mevius, M., Miley, G., Nelles, A., Norden, M. J., Offringa, A. R., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pizzo, R., Reich, W., Rowlinson, A., Schwarz, D. J., Shulevski, A., Smirnov, O., Soida, M., Tagger, M., Toribio, M. C., van Ardenne, A., van der Horst, A. J., van Haarlem, M. P., van Weeren, R. J., Vocks, C., Wucknitz, O., Zarka, P., and Zucca, P. more...

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The four persistent radio sources in the northern sky with the highest flux density at metre wavelengths are Cassiopeia A, Cygnus A, Taurus A, and Virgo A; collectively they are called the A-team. Their flux densities at ultra-low frequencies (<100 MHz) can reach several thousands of janskys, and they often contaminate observations of the low-frequency sky by interfering with image processing. Furthermore, these sources are foreground objects for all-sky observations hampering the study of faint signals, such as the cosmological 21 cm line from the epoch of reionisation. We aim to produce robust models for the surface brightness emission as a function of frequency for the A-team sources at ultra-low frequencies. These models are needed for the calibration and imaging of wide-area surveys of the sky with low-frequency interferometers. This requires obtaining images at an angular resolution better than 15 arcsec with a high dynamic range and good image fidelity. We observed the A-team with the Low Frequency Array (LOFAR) at frequencies between 30 MHz and 77 MHz using the Low Band Antenna (LBA) system. We reduced the datasets and obtained an image for each A-team source. The paper presents the best models to date for the sources Cassiopeia A, Cygnus A, Taurus A, and Virgo A between 30 MHz and 77 MHz. We were able to obtain the aimed resolution and dynamic range in all cases. Owing to its compactness and complexity, observations with the long baselines of the International LOFAR Telescope will be required to improve the source model for Cygnus A further., Comment: 7 pages, 2 figures, accepted A&A, online data on A&A website more...

Published
2020
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9. Ten quick tips for electrocardiogram (ECG) signal processing

Author

Chicco, D, Karaiskou, A, De Vos, M, Chicco D., Karaiskou A. -I., De Vos M., Chicco, D, Karaiskou, A, De Vos, M, Chicco D., Karaiskou A. -I., and De Vos M.

Abstract

The electrocardiogram (ECG) is a powerful tool to measure the electrical activity of the heart, and the analysis of its data can be useful to assess the patient’s health. In particular, the computational analysis of electrocardiogram data, also called ECG signal processing, can reveal specific patterns or heart cycle trends which otherwise would be unnoticeable by medical experts. When performing ECG signal processing, however, it is easy to make mistakes and generate inflated, overoptimistic, or misleading results, which can lead to wrong diagnoses or prognoses and, in turn, could even contribute to bad medical decisions, damaging the health of the patient. Therefore, to avoid common mistakes and bad practices, we present here ten easy guidelines to follow when analyzing electrocardiogram data computationally. Our ten recommendations, written in a simple way, can be useful to anyone performing a computational study based on ECG data and eventually lead to better, more robust medical results. more...

Published
2024

12. Genome-wide association analyses of symptom severity among clozapine-treated patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders

Author

Okhuijsen-Pfeifer, C., van der Horst, M. Z., Bousman, C. A., Lin, B., van Eijk, K. R., Ripke, S., Ayhan, Y., Babaoglu, M. O., Bak, M., Alink, W., van Beek, H., Beld, E., Bouhuis, A., Edlinger, M., Erdogan, I. M., Ertuğrul, A., Yoca, G., Everall, I. P., Görlitz, T., Grootens, K. P., Gutwinski, S., Hallikainen, T., Jeger-Land, E., de Koning, M., Lähteenvuo, M., Legge, S. E., Leucht, S., Morgenroth, C., Müderrisoğlu, A., Narang, A., Pantelis, C., Pardiñas, A. F., Oviedo-Salcedo, T., Schneider-Thoma, J., Schreiter, S., Repo-Tiihonen, E., Tuppurainen, H., Veereschild, M., Veerman, S., de Vos, M., Wagner, E., Cohen, D., Bogers, J. P. A. M., Walters, J. T. R., Yağcıoğlu, A. E. Anil, Tiihonen, J., Hasan, A., and Luykx, J. J. more...

Published
2022
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13. The LOFAR Multifrequency Snapshot Sky Survey (MSSS) I. Survey description and first results

Author

Heald, G. H., Pizzo, R. F., Orrú, E., Breton, R. P., Carbone, D., Ferrari, C., Hardcastle, M. J., Jurusik, W., Macario, G., Mulcahy, D., Rafferty, D., Asgekar, A., Brentjens, M., Fallows, R. A., Frieswijk, W., Toribio, M. C., Adebahr, B., Arts, M., Bell, M. R., Bonafede, A., Bray, J., Broderick, J., Cantwell, T., Carroll, P., Cendes, Y., Clarke, A. O., Croston, J., Daiboo, S., de Gasperin, F., Gregson, J., Harwood, J., Hassall, T., Heesen, V., Horneffer, A., van der Horst, A. J., Iacobelli, M., Jelić, V., Jones, D., Kant, D., Kokotanekov, G., Martin, P., McKean, J. P., Morabito, L. K., Nikiel-Wroczyński, B., Offringa, A., Pandey, V. N., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pietka, M., Pratley, L., Riseley, C., Rowlinson, A., Sabater, J., Scaife, A. M. M., Scheers, L. H. A., Sendlinger, K., Shulevski, A., Sipior, M., Sobey, C., Stewart, A. J., Stroe, A., Swinbank, J., Tasse, C., Trüstedt, J., Varenius, E., van Velzen, S., Vilchez, N., van Weeren, R. J., Wijnholds, S., Williams, W. L., de Bruyn, A. G., Nijboer, R., Wise, M., Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Avruch, I. M., Beck, R., Bell, M. E., van Bemmel, I., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Breitling, F., Brouw, W. N., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., Conway, J. E., de Geus, E., de Jong, A., de Vos, M., Deller, A., Dettmar, R. J., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Engels, D., Falcke, H., Fender, R., Garrett, M. A., Grießmeier, J., Gunst, A. W., Hamaker, J. P., Hessels, J. W. T., Hoeft, M., Hörandel, J., Holties, H. A., Intema, H., Jackson, N. J., Jütte, E., Karastergiou, A., Klijn, W. F. A., Kondratiev, V. I., Koopmans, L. V. E., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Law, C., van Leeuwen, J., Loose, M., Maat, P., Markoff, S., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., Mevius, M., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Morganti, R., Munk, H., Nelles, A., Noordam, J. E., Norden, M. J., Paas, H., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Renting, A., Röttgering, H., Schoenmakers, A., Schwarz, D., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Stappers, B. W., Steinmetz, M., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., Vogt, C., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Wucknitz, O., Yatawatta, S., and Zarka, P. more...

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the Multifrequency Snapshot Sky Survey (MSSS), the first northern-sky LOFAR imaging survey. In this introductory paper, we first describe in detail the motivation and design of the survey. Compared to previous radio surveys, MSSS is exceptional due to its intrinsic multifrequency nature providing information about the spectral properties of the detected sources over more than two octaves (from 30 to 160 MHz). The broadband frequency coverage, together with the fast survey speed generated by LOFAR's multibeaming capabilities, make MSSS the first survey of the sort anticipated to be carried out with the forthcoming Square Kilometre Array (SKA). Two of the sixteen frequency bands included in the survey were chosen to exactly overlap the frequency coverage of large-area Very Large Array (VLA) and Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT) surveys at 74 MHz and 151 MHz respectively. The survey performance is illustrated within the "MSSS Verification Field" (MVF), a region of 100 square degrees centered at J2000 (RA,Dec)=(15h,69deg). The MSSS results from the MVF are compared with previous radio survey catalogs. We assess the flux and astrometric uncertainties in the catalog, as well as the completeness and reliability considering our source finding strategy. We determine the 90% completeness levels within the MVF to be 100 mJy at 135 MHz with 108" resolution, and 550 mJy at 50 MHz with 166" resolution. Images and catalogs for the full survey, expected to contain 150,000-200,000 sources, will be released to a public web server. We outline the plans for the ongoing production of the final survey products, and the ultimate public release of images and source catalogs., Comment: 23 pages, 19 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics. MSSS Verification Field images and catalog data may be downloaded from http://vo.astron.nl more...

Published
2015
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14. LOFAR discovery of a quiet emission mode in PSR B0823+26

Author

Sobey, C., Young, N. J., Hessels, J. W. T., Weltevrede, P., Noutsos, A., Stappers, B. W., Kramer, M., Bassa, C., Lyne, A. G., Kondratiev, V. I., Hassall, T. E., Keane, E. F., Bilous, A. V., Breton, R. P., Grießmeier, J. -M., Karastergiou, A., Pilia, M., Serylak, M., ter Veen, S., van Leeuwen, J., Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Asgekar, A., Avruch, I. M., Bell, M. E., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bîrzan, L., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Broderick, J., Brüggen, M., Corstanje, A., Carbone, D., de Geus, E., de Vos, M., van Duin, A., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Falcke, H., Fallows, R. A., Fender, R., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Gunst, A. W., Hamaker, J. P., Heald, G., Hoeft, M., Hörandel, J., Jütte, E., Kuper, G., Maat, P., Mann, G., Markoff, S., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., McKean, J. P., Mulcahy, D. D., Munk, H., Nelles, A., Norden, M. J., Orrù, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pandey, V. N., Pietka, G., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Rafferty, D., Renting, A., Röttgering, H., Rowlinson, A., Scaife, A. M. M., Schwarz, D., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Steinmetz, M., Stewart, A., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., Thoudam, S., Toribio, C., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., van Weeren, R. J., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Wise, M. W., Wucknitz, O., Yatawatta, S., and Zarka, P. more...

Subjects
Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

PSR B0823+26, a 0.53-s radio pulsar, displays a host of emission phenomena over timescales of seconds to (at least) hours, including nulling, subpulse drifting, and mode-changing. Studying pulsars like PSR B0823+26 provides further insight into the relationship between these various emission phenomena and what they might teach us about pulsar magnetospheres. Here we report on the LOFAR discovery that PSR B0823+26 has a weak and sporadically emitting 'quiet' (Q) emission mode that is over 100 times weaker (on average) and has a nulling fraction forty-times greater than that of the more regularly-emitting 'bright' (B) mode. Previously, the pulsar has been undetected in the Q-mode, and was assumed to be nulling continuously. PSR B0823+26 shows a further decrease in average flux just before the transition into the B-mode, and perhaps truly turns off completely at these times. Furthermore, simultaneous observations taken with the LOFAR, Westerbork, Lovell, and Effelsberg telescopes between 110 MHz and 2.7 GHz demonstrate that the transition between the Q-mode and B-mode occurs within one single rotation of the neutron star, and that it is concurrent across the range of frequencies observed., Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, 2 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS more...

Published
2015

15. Probing Atmospheric Electric Fields in Thunderstorms through Radio Emission from Cosmic-Ray-Induced Air Showers

Author

Schellart, P., Trinh, T. N. G., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Enriquez, J. E., Falcke, H., Hörandel, J. R., Nelles, A., Rachen, J. P., Rossetto, L., Scholten, O., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Ebert, U., Koehn, C., Rutjes, C., Alexov, A., Anderson, J. M., Avruch, I. M., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Broderick, J. W., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., de Geus, E., de Vos, M., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Fallows, R. A., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Grießmeier, J., Gunst, A. W., Heald, G., Hessels, J. W. T., Hoeft, M., Holties, H. A., Juette, E., Kondratiev, V. I., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Mann, G., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., McKean, J. P., Mevius, M., Moldon, J., Norden, M. J., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Röttgering, H., Scaife, A. M. M., Schwarz, D. J., Serylak, M., Smirnov, O., Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tasse, C., Toribio, M. C., van Weeren, R. J., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., Wise, M. W., Wucknitz, O., and Zarka, P. more...

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present measurements of radio emission from cosmic ray air showers that took place during thunderstorms. The intensity and polarization patterns of these air showers are radically different from those measured during fair-weather conditions. With the use of a simple two-layer model for the atmospheric electric field, these patterns can be well reproduced by state-of-the-art simulation codes. This in turn provides a novel way to study atmospheric electric fields., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters more...

Published
2015
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17. LOFAR low-band antenna observations of the 3C295 and Bootes fields: source counts and ultra-steep spectrum sources

Author

van Weeren, R. J., Williams, W. L., Tasse, C., Rottgering, H. J. A., Rafferty, D. A., van der Tol, S., Heald, G., White, G. J., Shulevski, A., Best, P., Intema, H. T., Bhatnagar, S., Reich, W., Steinmetz, M., van Velzen, S., Ensslin, T. A., Prandoni, I., de Gasperin, F., Jamrozy, M., Brunetti, G., Jarvis, M. J., McKean, J. P., Wise, M. W., Ferrari, C., Harwood, J., Oonk, J. B. R., Hoeft, M., Kunert-Bajraszewska, M., Horellou, C., Wucknitz, O., Bonafede, A., Mohan, N. R., Scaife, A. M. M., Klockner, H. -R., van Bemmel, I. M., Merloni, A., Chyzy, K. T., Engels, D., Falcke, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Avruch, I. M., Beck, R., Bell, M. E., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Breitling, F., Broderick, J., Brouw, W. N., Bruggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., de Geus, E., de Vos, M., Deller, A., Duscha, S., Eisloffel, J., Fallows, R. A., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Griessmeier, J., Gunst, A. W., Hamaker, J. P., Hassall, T. E., Horandel, J., van der Horst, A., Iacobelli, M., Jackson, N. J., Juette, E., Kondratiev, V. I., Kuniyoshi, M., Maat, P., Mann, G., McKay-Bukowski, D., Mevius, M., Morganti, R., Munk, H., Offringa, A. R., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey, V. N., Pietka, G., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Renting, A., Rowlinson, A., Schwarz, D., Serylak, M., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Stappers, B. W., Stewart, A., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Thoudam, S., Toribio, C., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., and Zarka, P. more...

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present LOFAR Low Band observations of the Bootes and 3C295 fields. Our images made at 34, 46, and 62 MHz reach noise levels of 12, 8, and 5 mJy beam$^{-1}$, making them the deepest images ever obtained in this frequency range. In total, we detect between 300 and 400 sources in each of these images, covering an area of 17 to 52 deg$^{2}$. From the observations we derive Euclidean-normalized differential source counts. The 62 MHz source counts agree with previous GMRT 153 MHz and VLA 74 MHz differential source counts, scaling with a spectral index of $-0.7$. We find that a spectral index scaling of $-0.5$ is required to match up the LOFAR 34 MHz source counts. This result is also in agreement with source counts from the 38 MHz 8C survey, indicating that the average spectral index of radio sources flattens towards lower frequencies. We also find evidence for spectral flattening using the individual flux measurements of sources between 34 and 1400 MHz and by calculating the spectral index averaged over the source population. To select ultra-steep spectrum ($\alpha < -1.1$) radio sources, that could be associated with massive high redshift radio galaxies, we compute spectral indices between 62 MHz, 153 MHz and 1.4 GHz for sources in the Bo\"otes field. We cross-correlate these radio sources with optical and infrared catalogues and fit the spectral energy distribution to obtain photometric redshifts. We find that most of these ultra-steep spectrum sources are located in the $ 0.7 \lesssim z \lesssim 2.5$ range., Comment: 26 pages, 20 figures, ApJ in press more...

Published
2014
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18. LOFAR Sparse Image Reconstruction

Author

Garsden, H., Girard, J. N., Starck, J. L., Corbel, S., Tasse, C., Woiselle, A., McKean, J. P., van Amesfoort, A. S., Anderson, J., Avruch, I. M., Beck, R., Bentum, M. J., Best, P., Breitling, F., Broderick, J., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., de Vos, M., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Engels, D., Falcke, H., Fallows, R. A., Fender, R., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Griessmeier, J., Gunst, A. W., Hassall, T. E., Heald, G., Hoeft, M., Hörandel, J., van der Horst, A., Juette, E., Karastergiou, A., Kondratiev, V. I., Kramer, M., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Mann, G., Markoff, S., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., Mulcahy, D. D., Munk, H., Norden, M. J., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pandey, V. N., Pietka, G., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Renting, A., Röttgering, H., Rowlinson, A., Schwarz, D., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Stappers, B. W., Steinmetz, M., Stewart, A., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Thoudam, S., Toribio, C., Vermeulen, R., vocks, C., van Weeren, R. J., Wijnholds, S. J., Wise, M. W., Wucknitz, O., Yatawatta, S., Zarka, P., and Zensus, A. more...

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Context. The LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) radio telescope is a giant digital phased array interferometer with multiple antennas distributed in Europe. It provides discrete sets of Fourier components of the sky brightness. Recovering the original brightness distribution with aperture synthesis forms an inverse problem that can be solved by various deconvolution and minimization methods Aims. Recent papers have established a clear link between the discrete nature of radio interferometry measurement and the "compressed sensing" (CS) theory, which supports sparse reconstruction methods to form an image from the measured visibilities. Empowered by proximal theory, CS offers a sound framework for efficient global minimization and sparse data representation using fast algorithms. Combined with instrumental direction-dependent effects (DDE) in the scope of a real instrument, we developed and validated a new method based on this framework Methods. We implemented a sparse reconstruction method in the standard LOFAR imaging tool and compared the photometric and resolution performance of this new imager with that of CLEAN-based methods (CLEAN and MS-CLEAN) with simulated and real LOFAR data Results. We show that i) sparse reconstruction performs as well as CLEAN in recovering the flux of point sources; ii) performs much better on extended objects (the root mean square error is reduced by a factor of up to 10); and iii) provides a solution with an effective angular resolution 2-3 times better than the CLEAN images. Conclusions. Sparse recovery gives a correct photometry on high dynamic and wide-field images and improved realistic structures of extended sources (of simulated and real LOFAR datasets). This sparse reconstruction method is compatible with modern interferometric imagers that handle DDE corrections (A- and W-projections) required for current and future instruments such as LOFAR and SKA, Comment: Published in A&A, 19 pages, 9 figures more...

Published
2014
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19. The shape of the radio wavefront of extensive air showers as measured with LOFAR

Author

Corstanje, A., Schellart, P., Nelles, A., Buitink, S., Enriquez, J. E., Falcke, H., Frieswijk, W., Hörandel, J. R., Krause, M., Rachen, J. P., Scholten, O., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Trinh, G., Akker, M. van den, Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Avruch, I. M., Bell, M. E., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Broderick, J., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., de Vos, M., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Engels, D., Fallows, R. A., Ferrari, C., Garrett, M. A., Griessmeier, J., Gunst, A. W., Hamaker, J. P., Hoeft, M., Horneffer, A., Iacobelli, M., Juette, E., Karastergiou, A., Kohler, J., Kondratiev, V. I., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Maat, P., Mann, G., McFadden, R., McKay-Bukowski, D., Mevius, M., Munk, H., Norden, M. J., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pandey, V. N., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Röttgering, H., Scaife, A. M. M., Schwarz, D., Smirnov, O., Stewart, A., Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., Toribio, C., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., van Weeren, R. J., Wijnholds, S. J., Wucknitz, O., Yatawatta, S., and Zarka, P. more...

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Extensive air showers, induced by high energy cosmic rays impinging on the Earth's atmosphere, produce radio emission that is measured with the LOFAR radio telescope. As the emission comes from a finite distance of a few kilometers, the incident wavefront is non-planar. A spherical, conical or hyperbolic shape of the wavefront has been proposed, but measurements of individual air showers have been inconclusive so far. For a selected high-quality sample of 161 measured extensive air showers, we have reconstructed the wavefront by measuring pulse arrival times to sub-nanosecond precision in 200 to 350 individual antennas. For each measured air shower, we have fitted a conical, spherical, and hyperboloid shape to the arrival times. The fit quality and a likelihood analysis show that a hyperboloid is the best parametrization. Using a non-planar wavefront shape gives an improved angular resolution, when reconstructing the shower arrival direction. Furthermore, a dependence of the wavefront shape on the shower geometry can be seen. This suggests that it will be possible to use a wavefront shape analysis to get an additional handle on the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum, which is sensitive to the mass of the primary particle., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics more...

Published
2014
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20. Lerend kwalificeren = Leren + beslissen

Author

Baartman, L., Gulikers, J.T.M., Hofman, I., de Vos, M., Baartman, L., Gulikers, J.T.M., Hofman, I., and de Vos, M.

Abstract

Gulikers, J., de Vos, M., Baartman, L., & Hofman, I. (2024, april). Lerend kwalificeren = Leren + beslissen. Onderzoeksrapport MBO-Raad, Woerden, The Netherlands. https://onderwijsenexaminering.nl/lerend-kwalificeren/onderzoek-en-voorbeelden more...

Published
2024

21. Discovery of Carbon Radio Recombination Lines in absorption towards Cygnus~A

Author

Oonk, J. B. R., van Weeren, R. J., Salgado, F., Morabito, L. K., Tielens, A. G. G. M., Rottgering, H. J. A., Asgekar, A., White, G. J., Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Avruch, I. M., Batejat, F., Beck, R., Bell, M. E., van Bemmel, I., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Brentjens, M., Broderick, J., Brueggen, M., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., Conway, J. E., Corstanje, A., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., de Vos, M., Duscha, S., Eisloeffel, J., Engels, D., van Enst, J., Falcke, H., Fallows, R. A., Fender, R., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Griessmeier, J., Hamaker, J. P., Hassall, T. E., Heald, G., Hessels, J. W. T., Hoeft, M., Horneffer, A., van der Horst, A., Iacobelli, M., Jackson, N. J., Juette, E., Karastergiou, A., Klijn, W., Kohler, J., Kondratiev, V. I., Kramer, M., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., van Leeuwen, J., Maat, P., Macario, G., Mann, G., Markoff, S., McKean, J. P., Mevius, M., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Mol, J. D., Mulcahy, D. D., Munk, H., Norden, M. J., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pandey, V. N., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Scaife, A. M. M., Schoenmakers, A., Schwarz, D., Shulevski, A., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Sobey, C., Stappers, B. W., Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Toribio, C., van Nieuwpoort, R., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., Vogt, C., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Wise, M. W., Wucknitz, O., Yatawatta, S., Zarka, P., and Zensus, A. more...

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

We present the first detection of carbon radio recombination line absorption along the line of sight to Cygnus A. The observations were carried out with the LOw Frequency ARray in the 33 to 57 MHz range. These low frequency radio observations provide us with a new line of sight to study the diffuse, neutral gas in our Galaxy. To our knowledge this is the first time that foreground Milky Way recombination line absorption has been observed against a bright extragalactic background source. By stacking 48 carbon $\alpha$ lines in the observed frequency range we detect carbon absorption with a signal-to-noise ratio of about 5. The average carbon absorption has a peak optical depth of 2$\times$10$^{-4}$, a line width of 10 km s$^{-1}$ and a velocity of +4 km s$^{-1}$ with respect to the local standard of rest. The associated gas is found to have an electron temperature $T_{e}\sim$ 110 K and density $n_{e}\sim$ 0.06 cm$^{-3}$. These properties imply that the observed carbon $\alpha$ absorption likely arises in the cold neutral medium of the Orion arm of the Milky Way. Hydrogen and helium lines were not detected to a 3$\sigma$ peak optical depth limit of 1.5$\times$10$^{-4}$ for a 4 km s$^{-1}$ channel width. Radio recombination lines associated with Cygnus A itself were also searched for, but are not detected. We set a 3$\sigma$ upper limit of 1.5$\times$10$^{-4}$ for the peak optical depth of these lines for a 4 km s$^{-1}$ channel width., Comment: In press more...

Published
2014
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22. Exploring How Educators at the Workplace Inform Their Judgement of Students' Professional Performance

Author

De Vos, M. E., Baartman, L. K. J., Van Der Vleuten, C. P. M., and De Bruijn, E.

Abstract

Vocational education aims at preparing students for their future as professionals; thus, students are often required to undergo a form of on-the-job learning. Assessment of professional performance during on-the-job learning is not based on single observations, but on prolonged participation at the workplace culminating in judgement by a workplace educator. However, little is known about "how" educators reach a judgement. This paper, therefore, aims at exploring how educators inform their judgements about students' professional performance. We consider the workplace to be a participatory learning environment, which entails that judgement about professional performance should be made in relation to the community students participated in and that the educator from that community has a central role. Our study takes an explorative approach based on interviews and uses template analysis to generate insight. Findings revealed that educators use multiple strategies to gather and process information about students to inform their judgement. Findings also showed that assessment starts at the first meeting, when the educator forms a first impression of the student and judges whether or not the student is suitable for the job. Educators at the workplace also showed that they are aware of the context in which they form their judgement. more...

Published
2019
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23. Detecting cosmic rays with the LOFAR radio telescope

Author

Schellart, P., Nelles, A., Buitink, S., Corstanje, A., Enriquez, J. E., Falcke, H., Frieswijk, W., Hörandel, J. R., Horneffer, A., James, C. W., Krause, M., Mevius, M., Scholten, O., ter Veen, S., Thoudam, S., Akker, M. van den, Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Avruch, I. M., Bähren, L., Beck, R., Bell, M. E., Bennema, P., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bregman, J., Breitling, F., Brentjens, M., Broderick, J., Brüggen, M., Ciardi, B., Coolen, A., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., de Jong, A., de Vos, M., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Fallows, R. A., Ferrari, C., Garrett, M. A., Grießmeier, J., Grit, T., Hamaker, J. P., Hassall, T. E., Heald, G., Hessels, J. W. T., Hoeft, M., Holties, H. A., Iacobelli, M., Juette, E., Karastergiou, A., Klijn, W., Kohler, J., Kondratiev, V. I., Kramer, M., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Maat, P., Macario, G., Mann, G., Markoff, S., McKay-Bukowski, D., McKean, J. P., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Mol, J. D., Mulcahy, D. D., Munk, H., Nijboer, R., Norden, M. J., Orru, E., Overeem, R., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Renting, A., Romein, J. W., Röttgering, H., Schoenmakers, A., Schwarz, D., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Sobey, C., Stappers, B. W., Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., Toribio, C., van Leeuwen, J., van Nieuwpoort, R., van Weeren, R. J., Vermaas, N., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., Vogt, C., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Wijnholds, S. J., Wise, M. W., Wucknitz, O., Yatawatta, S., Zarka, P., and Zensus, A. more...

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

The low frequency array (LOFAR), is the first radio telescope designed with the capability to measure radio emission from cosmic-ray induced air showers in parallel with interferometric observations. In the first $\sim 2\,\mathrm{years}$ of observing, 405 cosmic-ray events in the energy range of $10^{16} - 10^{18}\,\mathrm{eV}$ have been detected in the band from $30 - 80\,\mathrm{MHz}$. Each of these air showers is registered with up to $\sim1000$ independent antennas resulting in measurements of the radio emission with unprecedented detail. This article describes the dataset, as well as the analysis pipeline, and serves as a reference for future papers based on these data. All steps necessary to achieve a full reconstruction of the electric field at every antenna position are explained, including removal of radio frequency interference, correcting for the antenna response and identification of the pulsed signal. more...

Published
2013
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24. The brightness and spatial distributions of terrestrial radio sources

Author

Offringa, A. R., de Bruyn, A. G., Zaroubi, S., Koopmans, L. V. E., Wijnholds, S. J., Abdalla, F. B., Brouw, W. N., Ciardi, B., Iliev, I. T., Harker, G. J. A., Mellema, G., Bernardi, G., Zarka, P., Ghosh, A., Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Asgekar, A., Avruch, I. M., Beck, R., Bell, M. E., Bell, M. R., Bentum, M. J., Best, P., Bîrzan, L., Breitling, F., Broderick, J., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H. R., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., de Vos, M., Duscha, S., Eislöffel, J., Fallows, R. A., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Grießmeier, J., Hassall, T. E., Horneffer, A., Iacobelli, M., Juette, E., Karastergiou, A., Klijn, W., Kondratiev, V. I., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., van Leeuwen, J., Loose, M., Maat, P., Macario, G., Mann, G., McKean, J. P., Meulman, H., Norden, M. J., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Rafferty, D., Reich, W., van Nieuwpoort, R., Röttgering, H., Scaife, A. M. M., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Sobey, C., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., ter Veen, S., Toribio, C., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., van Weeren, R. J., Wise, M. W., and Wucknitz, O. more...

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics
Abstract

Faint undetected sources of radio-frequency interference (RFI) might become visible in long radio observations when they are consistently present over time. Thereby, they might obstruct the detection of the weak astronomical signals of interest. This issue is especially important for Epoch of Reionisation (EoR) projects that try to detect the faint redshifted HI signals from the time of the earliest structures in the Universe. We explore the RFI situation at 30-163 MHz by studying brightness histograms of visibility data observed with LOFAR, similar to radio-source-count analyses that are used in cosmology. An empirical RFI distribution model is derived that allows the simulation of RFI in radio observations. The brightness histograms show an RFI distribution that follows a power-law distribution with an estimated exponent around -1.5. With several assumptions, this can be explained with a uniform distribution of terrestrial radio sources whose radiation follows existing propagation models. Extrapolation of the power law implies that the current LOFAR EoR observations should be severely RFI limited if the strength of RFI sources remains strong after time integration. This is in contrast with actual observations, which almost reach the thermal noise and are thought not to be limited by RFI. Therefore, we conclude that it is unlikely that there are undetected RFI sources that will become visible in long observations. Consequently, there is no indication that RFI will prevent an EoR detection with LOFAR., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS more...

Published
2013
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25. LOFAR: The LOw-Frequency ARray

Author

van Haarlem, M. P., Wise, M. W., Gunst, A. W., Heald, G., McKean, J. P., Hessels, J. W. T., de Bruyn, A. G., Nijboer, R., Swinbank, J., Fallows, R., Brentjens, M., Nelles, A., Beck, R., Falcke, H., Fender, R., Hörandel, J., Koopmans, L. V. E., Mann, G., Miley, G., Röttgering, H., Stappers, B. W., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Zaroubi, S., Akker, M. van den, Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Anderson, K., van Ardenne, A., Arts, M., Asgekar, A., Avruch, I. M., Batejat, F., Bähren, L., Bell, M. E., Bell, M. R., van Bemmel, I., Bennema, P., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Bîrzan, L., Bonafede, A., Boonstra, A. -J., Braun, R., Bregman, J., Breitling, F., van de Brink, R. H., Broderick, J., Broekema, P. C., Brouw, W. N., Brüggen, M., Butcher, H. R., van Cappellen, W., Ciardi, B., Coenen, T., Conway, J., Coolen, A., Corstanje, A., Damstra, S., Davies, O., Deller, A. T., Dettmar, R. -J., van Diepen, G., Dijkstra, K., Donker, P., Doorduin, A., Dromer, J., Drost, M., van Duin, A., Eislöffel, J., van Enst, J., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Gankema, H., Garrett, M. A., de Gasperin, F., Gerbers, M., de Geus, E., Grießmeier, J. -M., Grit, T., Gruppen, P., Hamaker, J. P., Hassall, T., Hoeft, M., Holties, H., Horneffer, A., van der Horst, A., van Houwelingen, A., Huijgen, A., Iacobelli, M., Intema, H., Jackson, N., Jelic, V., de Jong, A., Juette, E., Kant, D., Karastergiou, A., Koers, A., Kollen, H., Kondratiev, V. I., Kooistra, E., Koopman, Y., Koster, A., Kuniyoshi, M., Kramer, M., Kuper, G., Lambropoulos, P., Law, C., van Leeuwen, J., Lemaitre, J., Loose, M., Maat, P., Macario, G., Markoff, S., Masters, J., McKay-Bukowski, D., Meijering, H., Meulman, H., Mevius, M., Middelberg, E., Millenaar, R., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Mohan, R. N., Mol, J. D., Morawietz, J., Morganti, R., Mulcahy, D. D., Mulder, E., Munk, H., Nieuwenhuis, L., van Nieuwpoort, R., Noordam, J. E., Norden, M., Noutsos, A., Offringa, A. R., Olofsson, H., Omar, A., Orrú, E., Overeem, R., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pandey, V. N., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A., Rafferty, D., Rawlings, S., Reich, W., de Reijer, J. -P., Reitsma, J., Renting, A., Riemers, P., Rol, E., Romein, J. W., Roosjen, J., Ruiter, M., Scaife, A., van der Schaaf, K., Scheers, B., Schellart, P., Schoenmakers, A., Schoonderbeek, G., Serylak, M., Shulevski, A., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Sobey, C., Spreeuw, H., Steinmetz, M., Sterks, C. G. M., Stiepel, H. -J., Stuurwold, K., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., Thomas, I., Thoudam, S., Toribio, M. C., van der Tol, B., Usov, O., van Veelen, M., van der Veen, A. -J., ter Veen, S., Verbiest, J. P. W., Vermeulen, R., Vermaas, N., Vocks, C., Vogt, C., de Vos, M., van der Wal, E., van Weeren, R., Weggemans, H., Weltevrede, P., White, S., Wijnholds, S. J., Wilhelmsson, T., Wucknitz, O., Yatawatta, S., Zarka, P., Zensus, A., and van Zwieten, J. more...

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

LOFAR, the LOw-Frequency ARray, is a new-generation radio interferometer constructed in the north of the Netherlands and across europe. Utilizing a novel phased-array design, LOFAR covers the largely unexplored low-frequency range from 10-240 MHz and provides a number of unique observing capabilities. Spreading out from a core located near the village of Exloo in the northeast of the Netherlands, a total of 40 LOFAR stations are nearing completion. A further five stations have been deployed throughout Germany, and one station has been built in each of France, Sweden, and the UK. Digital beam-forming techniques make the LOFAR system agile and allow for rapid repointing of the telescope as well as the potential for multiple simultaneous observations. With its dense core array and long interferometric baselines, LOFAR achieves unparalleled sensitivity and angular resolution in the low-frequency radio regime. The LOFAR facilities are jointly operated by the International LOFAR Telescope (ILT) foundation, as an observatory open to the global astronomical community. LOFAR is one of the first radio observatories to feature automated processing pipelines to deliver fully calibrated science products to its user community. LOFAR's new capabilities, techniques and modus operandi make it an important pathfinder for the Square Kilometre Array (SKA). We give an overview of the LOFAR instrument, its major hardware and software components, and the core science objectives that have driven its design. In addition, we present a selection of new results from the commissioning phase of this new radio observatory., Comment: 56 pages, 34 figures, accepted for publication by A&A more...

Published
2013
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26. LOFAR detections of low-frequency radio recombination lines towards Cassiopeia A

Author

Asgekar, Ashish, Oonk, J. B. R., Yatawatta, S., van Weeren, R. J., McKean, J. P., White, G., Jackson, N., Anderson, J., Avruch, I. M., Batejat, F., Beck, R., Bell, M. E., Bell, M. R., van Bemmel, I., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Birzan, L., Bonafede, A., Braun, R., Breitling, F., van de Brink, R. H., Broderick, J., Brouw, W. N., Bruggen, M., Butcher, H. R., van Cappellen, W., Ciardi, B., Conway, J. E., de Gasperin, F., de Geus, E., de Jong, A., de Vos, M., Duscha, S., Eisloffel, J., Falcke, H., Fallows, R. A., Ferrari, C., Frieswijk, W., Garrett, M. A., Griesmeier, J-M., Grit, T., Gunst, A. W., Hassall, T. E., Heald, G., Hessels, J. W. T., Hoeft, M., Iacobelli, M., Intema, H., Juette, E., Karastergiou, A., Kohler, J., Kondratiev, V. I., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Law, C., van Leeuwen, J., Maat, P., Macario, G., Mann, G., Markoff, S., McKay-Bukowski, D., Mevius, M., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Mol, J. D., Morganti, R., Mulcahy, D. D., Munk, H., Norden, M. J., Orru, E., Paas, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pandey, V. N., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A. G., Reich, W., Rottgering, H., Scheers, B., Schoenmakers, A., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Sobey, C., Steinmetz, M., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Wise, M. W., Wucknitz, O., and Zarka, P. more...

Subjects
Astrophysics - Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

Cassiopeia A was observed using the Low-Band Antennas of the LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) with high spectral resolution. This allowed a search for radio recombination lines (RRLs) along the line-of-sight to this source. Five carbon-alpha RRLs were detected in absorption between 40 and 50 MHz with a signal-to-noise ratio of > 5 from two independent LOFAR datasets. The derived line velocities (v_LSR ~ -50 km/s) and integrated optical depths (~ 13 s^-1) of the RRLs in our spectra, extracted over the whole supernova remnant, are consistent within each LOFAR dataset and with those previously reported. For the first time, we are able to extract spectra against the brightest hotspot of the remnant at frequencies below 330 MHz. These spectra show significantly higher (15-80 %) integrated optical depths, indicating that there is small-scale angular structure on the order of ~1 pc in the absorbing gas distribution over the face of the remnant. We also place an upper limit of 3 x 10^-4 on the peak optical depths of hydrogen and helium RRLs. These results demonstrate that LOFAR has the desired spectral stability and sensitivity to study faint recombination lines in the decameter band., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A Letters; 5 pages, 4 colour figures more...

Published
2013
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27. The LOFAR radio environment

Author

Offringa, A. R., de Bruyn, A. G., Zaroubi, S., van Diepen, G., Martinez-Ruby, O., Labropoulos, P., Brentjens, M. A., Ciardi, B., Daiboo, S., Harker, G., Jelic, V., Kazemi, S., Koopmans, L. V. E., Mellema, G., Pandey, V. N., Pizzo, R. F., Schaye, J., Vedantham, H., Veligatla, V., Wijnholds, S. J., Yatawatta, S., Zarka, P., Alexov, A., Anderson, J., Asgekar, A., Avruch, M., Beck, R., Bell, M., Bell, M. R., Bentum, M., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Birzan, L., Bonafede, A., Breitling, F., Broderick, J. W., Bruggen, M., Butcher, H., Conway, J., de Vos, M., Dettmar, R. J., Eisloeffel, J., Falcke, H., Fender, R., Frieswijk, W., Gerbers, M., Griessmeier, J. M., Gunst, A. W., Hassall, T. E., Heald, G., Hessels, J., Hoeft, M., Horneffer, A., Karastergiou, A., Kondratiev, V., Koopman, Y., Kuniyoshi, M., Kuper, G., Maat, P., Mann, G., McKean, J., Meulman, H., Mevius, M., Mol, J. D., Nijboer, R., Noordam, J., Norden, M., Paas, H., Pandey, M., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A., Rafferty, D., Rawlings, S., Reich, W., Rottgering, H. J. A., Schoenmakers, A. P., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Sobey, C., Stappers, B., Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Tasse, C., van Ardenne, A., van Cappellen, W., van Duin, A. P., van Haarlem, M., van Leeuwen, J., van Weeren, R. J., Vermeulen, R., Vocks, C., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Wise, M., and Wucknitz, O. more...

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Aims: This paper discusses the spectral occupancy for performing radio astronomy with the Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR), with a focus on imaging observations. Methods: We have analysed the radio-frequency interference (RFI) situation in two 24-h surveys with Dutch LOFAR stations, covering 30-78 MHz with low-band antennas and 115-163 MHz with high-band antennas. This is a subset of the full frequency range of LOFAR. The surveys have been observed with a 0.76 kHz / 1 s resolution. Results: We measured the RFI occupancy in the low and high frequency sets to be 1.8% and 3.2% respectively. These values are found to be representative values for the LOFAR radio environment. Between day and night, there is no significant difference in the radio environment. We find that lowering the current observational time and frequency resolutions of LOFAR results in a slight loss of flagging accuracy. At LOFAR's nominal resolution of 0.76 kHz and 1 s, the false-positives rate is about 0.5%. This rate increases approximately linearly when decreasing the data frequency resolution. Conclusions: Currently, by using an automated RFI detection strategy, the LOFAR radio environment poses no perceivable problems for sensitive observing. It remains to be seen if this is still true for very deep observations that integrate over tens of nights, but the situation looks promising. Reasons for the low impact of RFI are the high spectral and time resolution of LOFAR; accurate detection methods; strong filters and high receiver linearity; and the proximity of the antennas to the ground. We discuss some strategies that can be used once low-level RFI starts to become apparent. It is important that the frequency range of LOFAR remains free of broadband interference, such as DAB stations and windmills., Comment: Accepted for publication in A&A. 15 figures, 16 pages more...

Published
2012
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28. First LOFAR observations at very low frequencies of cluster-scale non-thermal emission: the case of Abell 2256

Author

van Weeren, R. J., Rottgering, H. J. A., Rafferty, D. A., Pizzo, R., Bonafede, A., Bruggen, M., Brunetti, G., Ferrari, C., Orru, E., Heald, G., McKean, J. P., Tasse, C., de Gasperin, F., Birzan, L., van Zwieten, J. E., van der Tol, S., Shulevski, A., Jackson, N., Offringa, A. R., Conway, J., Intema, H. T., Clarke, T. E., van Bemmel, I., Miley, G. K., White, G. J., Hoeft, M., Cassano, R., Macario, G., Morganti, R., Wise, M. W., Horellou, C., Valentijn, E. A., Wucknitz, O., Kuijken, K., Ensslin, T A., Anderson, J., Asgekar, A., Avruch, I. M., Beck, R., Bell, M. E., Bell, M. R., Bentum, M. J., Bernardi, G., Best, P., Boonstra, A. -J., Brentjens, M., van de Brink, R. H., Broderick, J., Brouw, W. N., Butcher, H. R., van Cappellen, W., Ciardi, B., Eisloffel, J., Falcke, H., Fender, R., Garrett, M. A., Gerbers, M., Gunst, A., Hassall, J. P. Hamaker T., Hessels, J. W. T., Koopmans, L. V. E., Kuper, G., van Leeuwen, J., Maat, P., Millenaar, R., Munk, H., Nijboer, R., Noordam, J. E., Pandey, V. N., Pandey-Pommier, M., Polatidis, A., Reich, W., Scaife, A. M. M., Schoenmakers, A., Sluman, J., Stappers, B. W., Steinmetz, M., Swinbank, J., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Vermeulen, R., and de Vos, M. more...

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Abell 2256 is one of the best known examples of a galaxy cluster hosting large-scale diffuse radio emission that is unrelated to individual galaxies. It contains both a giant radio halo and a relic, as well as a number of head-tail sources and smaller diffuse steep-spectrum radio sources. The origin of radio halos and relics is still being debated, but over the last years it has become clear that the presence of these radio sources is closely related to galaxy cluster merger events. Here we present the results from the first LOFAR Low band antenna (LBA) observations of Abell 2256 between 18 and 67 MHz. To our knowledge, the image presented in this paper at 63 MHz is the deepest ever obtained at frequencies below 100 MHz in general. Both the radio halo and the giant relic are detected in the image at 63 MHz, and the diffuse radio emission remains visible at frequencies as low as 20 MHz. The observations confirm the presence of a previously claimed ultra-steep spectrum source to the west of the cluster center with a spectral index of -2.3 \pm 0.4 between 63 and 153 MHz. The steep spectrum suggests that this source is an old part of a head-tail radio source in the cluster. For the radio relic we find an integrated spectral index of -0.81 \pm 0.03, after removing the flux contribution from the other sources. This is relatively flat which could indicate that the efficiency of particle acceleration at the shock substantially changed in the last \sim 0.1 Gyr due to an increase of the shock Mach number. In an alternative scenario, particles are re-accelerated by some mechanism in the downstream region of the shock, resulting in the relatively flat integrated radio spectrum. In the radio halo region we find indications of low-frequency spectral steepening which may suggest that relativistic particles are accelerated in a rather inhomogeneous turbulent region., Comment: 13 pages, 13 figures, accepted for publication in A\&A on April 12, 2012 more...

Published
2012
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29. Optimized Trigger for Ultra-High-Energy Cosmic-Ray and Neutrino Observations with the Low Frequency Radio Array

Author

Singh, K., Mevius, M., Scholten, O., Anderson, J. M., van Ardenne, A., Arts, M., Avruch, M., Asgekar, A., Bell, M., Bennema, P., Bentum, M., Bernadi, G., Best, P., Boonstra, A. -J., Bregman, J., van de Brink, R., Broekema, C., Brouw, W., Brueggen, M., Buitink, S., Butcher, H., van Cappellen, W., Ciardi, B., Coolen, A., Damstra, S., Dettmar, R., van Diepen, G., Dijkstra, K., Donker, P., Doorduin, A., Drost, M., van Duin, A., Eisloeffel, J., Falcke, H., Garrett, M., Gerbers, M., Griessmeier, J., Grit, T., Gruppen, P., Gunst, A., van Haarlem, M., Hoeft, M., Holties, H., Horandel, J., Horneffer, L. A., Huijgen, A., James, C., de Jong, A., Kant, D., Kooistra, E., Koopman, Y., Koopmans, L., Kuper, G., Lambropoulos, P., van Leeuwen, J., Loose, M., Maat, P., Mallary, C., McFadden, R., Meulman, H., Mol, J. -D., Morawietz, J., Mulder, E., Munk, H., Nieuwenhuis, L., Nijboer, R., Norden, M., Noordam, J., Overeem, R., Paas, H., Pandey, V. N., Pandey-Pommier, M., Pizzo, R., Polatidis, A., Reich, W., de Reijer, J., Renting, A., Riemers, P., Roettgering, H., Romein, J., Roosjen, J., Ruiter, M., Schoenmakers, A., Schoonderbeek, G., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Stappers, B., Steinmetz, M., Stiepel, H., Stuurwold, K., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., ter Veen, S., Vermeulen, R., de Vos, M., Vogt, C., van der Wal, E., Weggemans, H., Wijnholds, S., Wise, M., Wucknitz, O., Yattawatta, S., and van Zwieten, J. more...

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

When an ultra-high energy neutrino or cosmic ray strikes the Lunar surface a radio-frequency pulse is emitted. We plan to use the LOFAR radio telescope to detect these pulses. In this work we propose an efficient trigger implementation for LOFAR optimized for the observation of short radio pulses., Comment: Submitted to Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A more...

Published
2011
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30. Observing pulsars and fast transients with LOFAR

Author

Stappers, B. W., Hessels, J. W. T., Alexov, A., Anderson, K., Coenen, T., Hassall, T., Karastergiou, A., Kondratiev, V. I., Kramer, M., van Leeuwen, J., Mol, J. D., Noutsos, A., Romein, J. W ., Weltevrede, P., Fender, R., Wijers, R. A. M. J., Bähren, L., Bell, M. E., Broderick, J., Daw, E. J., Dhillon, V. S., Eislöffel, J., Falcke, H., Griessmeier, J., Law, C., Markoff, S., Miller-Jones, J. C. A., Scheers, B., Spreeuw, H., Swinbank, J., ter Veen, S., Wise, M. W., Wucknitz, O., Zarka, P., Anderson, J., Asgekar, A., Avruch, I. M., Beck, R., Bennema, P., Bentum, M. J., Best, P., Bregman, J., Brentjens, M., van de Brink, R. H., Broekema, P. C., Brouw, W. N., Brüggen, M., de Bruyn, A. G., Butcher, H. R., Ciardi, B., Conway, J., Dettmar, R. -J., van Duin, A., van Enst, J., Garrett, M., Gerbers, M., Grit, T., Gunst, A., van Haarlem, M. P., Hamaker, J. P., Heald, G., Hoeft, M., Holties, H., Horneffer, A., Koopmans, L. V. E., Kuper, G., Loose, M., Maat, P., McKay-Bukowski, D., McKean, J. P., Miley, G., Morganti, R., Nijboer, R., Noordam, J. E., Norden, M., Olofsson, H., Pandey-Pommier, M., Polatidis, A., Reich, W., Röttgering, H., Schoenmakers, A., Sluman, J., Smirnov, O., Steinmetz, M., Sterks, C. G. M., Tagger, M., Tang, Y., Vermeulen, R., Vermaas, N., Vogt, C., de Vos, M., Wijnholds, S. J., Yatawatta, S., and Zensus, A. more...

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

Low frequency radio waves, while challenging to observe, are a rich source of information about pulsars. The LOw Frequency ARray (LOFAR) is a new radio interferometer operating in the lowest 4 octaves of the ionospheric "radio window": 10-240MHz, that will greatly facilitate observing pulsars at low radio frequencies. Through the huge collecting area, long baselines, and flexible digital hardware, it is expected that LOFAR will revolutionize radio astronomy at the lowest frequencies visible from Earth. LOFAR is a next-generation radio telescope and a pathfinder to the Square Kilometre Array (SKA), in that it incorporates advanced multi-beaming techniques between thousands of individual elements. We discuss the motivation for low-frequency pulsar observations in general and the potential of LOFAR in addressing these science goals. We present LOFAR as it is designed to perform high-time-resolution observations of pulsars and other fast transients, and outline the various relevant observing modes and data reduction pipelines that are already or will soon be implemented to facilitate these observations. A number of results obtained from commissioning observations are presented to demonstrate the exciting potential of the telescope. This paper outlines the case for low frequency pulsar observations and is also intended to serve as a reference for upcoming pulsar/fast transient science papers with LOFAR., Comment: 35 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication by A&A more...

Published
2011
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33. DOP23 The role of histology for the prediction of clinical relapse in Crohn’s Disease: A substudy of the STORI cohort

Author

Reenaers Dr, C, primary, Enea, D, additional, Nachury, M, additional, Laharie, D, additional, Bouhnik, Y, additional, Fumery, M, additional, Gornet, J M, additional, Amiot, A, additional, Altwegg, R, additional, de Vos, M, additional, Marteau, P, additional, Bourreille, A, additional, Nancey, S, additional, Viennot, S, additional, Louis, E, additional, and svrcek, M, additional more...

Published
2024
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34. Unravelling workplace educators' judgment processes when assessing students' performance at the workplace.

Author

De Vos, M. E., Baartman, L. K. J., Van der Vleuten, C. P. M., and De Bruijn, E.

Subjects
*EDUCATORS' attitudes, *WORK environment, *STUDENT attitudes, *SOCIAL action, *SOCIAL processes
Abstract

The assessment of workplace learning by educators at the workplace is a complex and inherently social process, as the workplace is a participatory learning environment. We therefore propose seeing assessment as a process of judgment embedded in a community of practice and to this purpose use the philosophy of inferentialism to unravel the judgment process of workplace educators by seeing it as an interrelated system of judgments, actions and reasons. Focussing on the unfolding of a process, we applied a longitudinal holistic case study design. Results show that educators are engaged in a constant judgment process during which they use multiple and adaptive frames of reference when forming their judgment about students. They construct an overarching image of students that develops throughout the placement, and their judgments about students go hand in hand with their actions relating to fostering independent practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...

Published
2024
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36. Risk profiles and one-year outcomes of patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation in India: Insights from the GARFIELD-AF Registry

Author

Kakkar, Ajay K., Bassand, Jean-Pierre, John Camm, A., Fitzmaurice, David A., Goldhaber, Samuel Z., Goto, Shinya, Haas, Sylvia, Hacke, Werner, Mantovani, Lorenzo G., Misselwitz, Frank, Pieper, Karen S., Turpie, Alexander G.G., van Eickels, Martin, Verheugt, Freek W.A., Kayani, Gloria, Fox, Keith A.A., Gersh, Bernard J., Luciardi, Hector Lucas, Gibbs, Harry, Brodmann, Marianne, Cools, Frank, Barretto, Antonio Carlos Pereira, Connolly, Stuart J., Spyropoulos, Alex, Eikelboom, John, Corbalan, Ramon, Hu, Dayi, Jansky, Petr, Nielsen, Jørn Dalsgaard, Ragy, Hany, Raatikainen, Pekka, Le Heuzey, Jean-Yves, Darius, Harald, Keltai, Matyas, Kakkar, Sanjay, Sawhney, Jitendra Pal Singh, Agnelli, Giancarlo, Ambrosio, Giuseppe, Koretsune, Yukihiro, Sánchez Díaz, Carlos Jerjes, Ten Cate, Hugo, Atar, Dan, Stepinska, Janina, Panchenko, Elizaveta, Lim, Toon Wei, Jacobson, Barry, Oh, Seil, Viñolas, Xavier, Rosenqvist, Marten, Steffel, Jan, Angchaisuksiri, Pantep, Oto, Ali, Parkhomenko, Alex, Al Mahmeed, Wael, Fitzmaurice, David, Hu, D.Y., Chen, K.N., Zhao, Y.S., Zhang, H.Q., Chen, J.Z., Cao, S.P., Wang, D.W., Yang, Y.J., Li, W.H., Yin, Y.H., Tao, G.Z., Yang, P., Chen, Y.M., He, S.H., Wang, Ying, Wang, Yong, Fu, G.S., Li, X., Wu, T.G., Cheng, X.S., Yan, X.W., Zhao, R.P., Chen, M.S., Xiong, L.G., Chen, P., Jiao, Y., Guo, Y., Xue, L., Wang, F.Z., Li, H., Yang, Z.M., Bai, C.L., Chen, J., Chen, J.Y., Chen, X., Feng, S., Fu, Q.H., Gao, X.J., Guo, W.N., He, R.H., He, X.A., Hu, X.S., Huang, X.F., Li, B., Li, J., Li, L., Li, Y.H., Liu, T.T., Liu, W.L., Liu, Y.Y., Lu, Z.C., Luo, X.L., Ma, T.Y., Peng, J.Q., Sheng, X., Shi, X.J., Sun, Y.H., Tian, G., Wang, K., Wang, L., Wu, R.N., Xie, Q., Xu, R.Y., Yang, J.S., Yang, L.L., Yang, Q., Ye, Y., Yu, H.Y., Yu, J.H., Yu, T., Zhai, H., Zhan, Q., Zhang, G.S., Zhang, Q., Zhang, R., Zhang, Y., Zheng, W.Y., Zhou, B., Zhou, Z.H., Zhu, X.Y., Kakkar, S., Sawhney, J.P.S., Jadhav, P., Durgaprasad, R., Ravi Shankar, A.G., Rajput, R.K., Bhargava, K., Sarma, R., Srinivas, A., Roy, D., Nagamalesh, U.M., Chopda, M., Kishore, R., Kulkarni, G., Chandwani, P., Pothiwala, R.A., Padinhare Purayil, M., Shah, S., Chawla, K., Kothiwale, V.A., Raghuraman, B., Vijayaraghavan, G., Vijan, V.M., Bantwal, G., Bisne, V., Khan, A., Gupta, J.B., Kumar, S., Jain, D., Abraham, S., Adak, D., Barai, A., Begum, H., Bhattacharjee, P., Dargude, M., Davies, D., Deshpande, B., Dhakrao, P., Dhyani, V., Duhan, S., Earath, M., Ganatra, A., Giradkar, S., Jain, V., Karthikeyan, R., Kasala, L., Kaur, S., Krishnappa, S., Lawande, A., Lokesh, B., Madarkar, N., Meena, R., More, P., Naik, D., Prashanth, K., Rao, M., Rao, N.M., Sadhu, N., Shah, D., Sharma, M., Shiva, P., Singhal, S., Suresh, S., Vanajakshamma, V., Panse, S.G., Koretsune, Y., Kanamori, S., Yamamoto, K., Kumagai, K., Katsuda, Y., Sadamatsu, K., Toyota, F., Mizuno, Y., Misumi, I., Noguchi, H., Ando, S., Suetsugu, T., Minamoto, M., Oda, Hiroshi, Shiraishi, K., Adachi, S., Chiba, K., Norita, H., Tsuruta, M., Koyanagi, T., Ando, H., Higashi, T., Okada, K., Azakami, S., Komaki, S., Kumeda, K., Murayama, T., Matsumura, J., Oba, Y., Sonoda, R., Goto, K., Minoda, K., Haraguchi, Y., Suefuji, H., Miyagi, H., Kato, H., Nakamura, Tadashi, Nakamura, Tsugihiro, Nandate, H., Zaitsu, R., Fujiura, Yoshihisa, Yoshimura, A., Numata, H., Ogawa, J., Tatematsu, H., Kamogawa, Y., Murakami, K., Wakasa, Y., Yamasawa, M., Maekawa, H., Abe, S., Kihara, H., Tsunoda, S., Saito, Katsumi, Saito, Kazuyuki, Fudo, T., Obunai, K., Tachibana, H., Oba, I., Kuwahata, T., Higa, S., Gushiken, M., Eto, T., Yoshida, H., Ikeda, D., Fujiura, Yoshitake, Ishizawa, M., Nakatsuka, M., Murata, K., Ogurusu, C., Shimoyama, M., Akutsu, M., Takamura, I., Hoshino, F., Yokota, N., Iwao, T., Tsuchida, K., Takeuchi, M., Hatori, Y., Kitami, Y., Nakamura, Yoichi, Oyama, R., Ageta, M., Oda, Hiroyuki, Go, Y., Mishima, K., Unoki, T., Morii, S., Shiga, Yuhei, Sumi, H., Nagatomo, T., Sanno, K., Fujisawa, K., Atsuchi, Y., Nagoshi, T., Seto, T., Tabuchi, T., Kameko, M., Nii, K., Oshiro, K., Takezawa, H., Nagano, S., Miyamoto, N., Iwaki, M., Nakamura, Yuichiro, Fujii, M., Okawa, M., Abe, Masahiko, Abe, Masatake, Abe, Mitsunori, Saito, T., Mito, T., Nagao, K., Minami, J., Mita, T., Sakuma, I., Taguchi, T., Marusaki, S., Doi, H., Tanaka, M., Fujito, T., Matsuta, M., Kusumoto, T., Kakinoki, S., Ashida, K., Yoshizawa, N., Agata, J., Arasaki, O., Manita, M., Ikemura, M., Fukuoka, S., Murakami, H., Matsukawa, S., Hata, Y., Taniguchi, T., Ko, T., Kubo, H., Imamaki, M., Akiyama, M., Inagaki, M., Odakura, H., Ueda, T., Katsube, Y., Nakata, A., Watanabe, H., Techigawara, M., Igarashi, M., Taga, K., Kimura, T., Tomimoto, S., Shibuya, M., Nakano, M., Ito, K., Seo, T., Hiramitsu, S., Hosokawa, H., Hoshiai, M., Hibino, M., Miyagawa, K., Horie, Hajime, Sugishita, N., Shiga, Yukio, Soma, A., Neya, K., Yoshida, Tetsuro, Yoshida, Tomoki, Mizuguchi, M., Ishiguro, M., Minagawa, T., Wada, M., Mukawa, H., Okuda, F., Nagasaka, S., Abe, Y., Adachi, Sen, Adachi, Susumu, Adachi, T., Akahane, K., Amano, T., Aoki, K., Aoyama, T., Arai, H., Arima, S., Arino, T., Asano, H., Asano, T., Azuma, J., Baba, T., Betsuyaku, T., Chibana, H., Date, H., Doiuchi, J., Emura, Y., Endo, M., Fujii, Y., Fujiki, R., Fujisawa, A., Fujisawa, Y., Fukuda, T., Fukui, T., Furukawa, N., Furukawa, T., Furumoto, W., Goto, T., Hamaoka, M., Hanazono, N., Hasegawa, K., Hatsuno, T., Hayashi, Y., Higuchi, K., Hirasawa, K., Hirayama, H., Hirose, M., Hirota, S., Honda, M., Horie, Hideki, Ido, T., Iiji, O., Ikeda, H., Ikeda, K., Ikeoka, K., Imaizumi, M., Inaba, H., Inoue, T., Iseki, F., Ishihara, A., Ishioka, N., Ito, N., Iwase, T., Kakuda, H., Kamata, J., Kanai, H., Kanda, H., Kaneko, M., Kano, H., Kasai, T., Kato, T., Kato, Y., Kawada, Y., Kawai, K., Kawakami, K., Kawakami, S., Kawamoto, T., Kawano, S., Kim, J., Kira, T., Kitazawa, H., Kitazumi, H., Kito, T., Kobayashi, T., Koeda, T., Kojima, J., Komatsu, H., Komatsu, I., Koshibu, Y., Kotani, T., Kozuka, T., Kumai, Y., Kumazaki, T., Maeda, I., Maeda, K., Maruyama, Y., Matsui, S., Matsushita, K., Matsuura, Y., Mineoi, K., Mitsuhashi, H., Miura, N., Miyaguchi, S., Miyajima, S., Miyamoto, H., Miyashita, A., Miyata, S., Mizuguchi, I., Mizuno, A., Mori, T., Moriai, O., Morishita, K., Murai, O., Nagai, Sho, Nagai, Shunichi, Nagata, E., Nagata, H., Nakagomi, A., Nakahara, S., Nakamura, M., Nakamura, R., Nakanishi, N., Nakayama, T., Nakazato, R., Nanke, T., Nariyama, J., Niijima, Y., Niinuma, H., Nishida, Y., Nishihata, Y., Nishino, K., Nishioka, H., Nishizawa, K., Niwa, I., Nomura, K., Nomura, S., Nozoe, M., Ogawa, T., Ohara, N., Okada, M., Okamoto, K., Okita, H., Okuyama, M., Ono, H., Ono, T., Onuki Pearce, Y., Oriso, S., Ota, A., Otaki, E., Saito, Y., Sakai, H., Sakamoto, N., Sakamoto, Y., Samejima, Y., Sasagawa, Y., Sasaguri, H., Sasaki, A., Sasaki, T., Sato, Kazuki, Sato, Kiyoharu, Sawano, M., Seki, S., Sekine, Y., Seta, Y., Sezaki, K., Shibata, N., Shiina, Y., Shimono, H., Shimoyama, Y., Shindo, T., Shinohara, H., Shinohe, R., Shinozuka, T., Shirai, T., Shiraiwa, T., Shozawa, Y., Suga, T., Sugimoto, C., Suzuki, Kazuo, Suzuki, Keita, Suzuki, Shu, Suzuki, Shunji, Suzuki, Susumu, Suzuki, Y., Tada, M., Taguchi, A., Takagi, T., Takagi, Y., Takahashi, K., Takahashi, S., Takai, H., Takanaka, C., Take, S., Takeda, H., Takei, K., Takenaka, K., Tana, T., Tanabe, G., Taya, K., Teragawa, H., Tohyo, S., Toru, S., Tsuchiya, Y., Tsuji, T., Tsuzaki, K., Uchiyama, H., Ueda, O., Ueyama, Y., Wakaki, N., Wakiyama, T., Washizuka, T., Watanabe, M., Yamada, T., Yamagishi, T., Yamaguchi, H., Yamamoto, Kenichi, Yamamoto, Kentaro, Yamamoto, Kunihiko, Yamamoto, T., Yamaura, M., Yamazoe, M., Yasui, K., Yokoyama, Y., Yoshida, K., Lim, T.W., Ching, C.K., Foo, C.G., Chow, J.H., Chen, D.D., Jaufeerally, F.R., Lee, Y.M., Lim, G., Lim, W.T., Thng, S., Yap, S.Y., Yeo, C., Oh, S., Pak, H.N., Kim, J.-B., Kim, J.H., Jang, S.-W., Kim, D.H., Ryu, D.R., Park, S.W., Kim, D.-K., Choi, D.J., Oh, Y.S., Cho, M.-C., Kim, S.-H., Jeon, H.-K., Shin, D.-G., Park, J.S., Park, H.K., Han, S.-J., Sung, J.H., Cho, J.-G., Nam, G.-B., On, Y.K., Lim, H.E., Kwak, J.J., Cha, T.-J., Hong, T.J., Park, S.H., Yoon, J.H., Kim, N.-H., Kim, K.-S., Jung, B.C., Hwang, G.-S., Kim, C.-J., Kim, D.B., Ahn, J.J., An, H.J., Bae, H., Baek, A.L., Chi, W.J., Choi, E.A., Choi, E.H., Choi, H.K., Choi, H.S., Han, S., Heo, E.S., Her, K.O., Hwang, S.W., Jang, E.M., Jang, H.-S., Jang, S., Jeon, H.-G., Jeon, S.R., Jeon, Y.R., Jeong, H.K., Jung, I.-A., Kim, Hyeon Jeong, Kim, Hyun Ju, Kim, Ji Seon, Kim, Jung Sook, Kim, J.A., Kim, K.T., Kim, M.S., Kim, Sang Hee, Kim, Sang Hyun, Kim, Y.-I., Lee, C.S., Lee, E.H., Lee, G.H., Lee, H.Y., Lee, H.-Y., Lee, K.H., Lee, K.R., Lee, M.S., Lee, M.-Y., Lee, R.W., Lee, S.E., Lee, S.H., Lee, S., Lee, W.Y., Noh, I.K., Park, A.R., Park, B.R., Park, H.N., Park, J.H., Park, M., Park, Y., Seo, S.-Y., Shim, J., Sim, J.H., Sohn, Y.M., Son, W.S., Son, Y.S., Song, H.J., Wi, H.K., Woo, J.J., Ye, S., Yim, K.H., Yoo, K.M., Yoon, E.J., Yun, S.Y., Angchaisuksiri, P., Chawanadelert, S., Mongkolwongroj, P., Kanokphatcharakun, K., Cheewatanakornkul, S., Laksomya, T., Pattanaprichakul, S., Chantrarat, T., Rungaramsin, S., Silaruks, S., Wongcharoen, W., Siriwattana, K., Likittanasombat, K., Katekangplu, P., Boonyapisit, W., Cholsaringkarl, D., Chatlaong, B., Chattranukulchai, P., Santanakorn, Y., Hutayanon, P., Khunrong, P., Bunyapipat, T., Jai-Aue, S., Kaewsuwanna, P., Bamungpong, P., Gunaparn, S., Hongsuppinyo, S., Inphontan, R., Khattaroek, R., Khunkong, K., Kitmapawanont, U., Kongsin, C., Naratreekoon, B., Ninwaranon, S., Phangyota, J., Phrommintikul, A., Phunpinyosak, P., Pongmorakot, K., Poomiphol, S., Pornnimitthum, N., Pumprueg, S., Ratchasikaew, S., Sanit, K., Sawanyawisuth, K., Silaruks, B., Sirichai, R., Sriwichian, A., Suebjaksing, W., Sukklad, P., Suttana, T., Tangsirira, A., Thangpet, O., Tiyanon, W., Vorasettakarnkij, Y., Wisaratapong, T., Wongtheptien, W., Wutthimanop, A., Yawila, S., Oto, A., Altun, A., Ozdogru, I., Ozdemir, K., Yilmaz, O., Aydinlar, A., Yilmaz, M.B., Yeter, E., Ongen, Z., Cayli, M., Pekdemir, H., Ozdemir, M., Sucu, M., Sayin, T., Demir, M., Yorgun, H., Ersanli, M., Okuyan, E., Aras, D., Abdelrahman, H., Aktas, O., Alpay, D., Aras, F., Bireciklioglu, M.F., Budeyri, S., Buyukpapuc, M., Caliskan, S., Esen, M., Felekoglu, M.A., Genc, D., Ikitimur, B., Karaayvaz, E.B., Kılıç Karataş, S., Okutucu, S., Ozcelik, E., Quisi, A., Sag, H., Sahiner, L., Sayin, B.Y., Seker, T., Uzun Alkan, D., Yildirim, E., Yildirim, R., Yilmaz, F., Yuksekdag, V., Luciardi, H.L., Vensentini, N., Ingaramo, A.C., Sambadaro, G.A., Fernandez Caputi, V., Berman, S.G., Dragotto, P., Kleiban, A.J., Centurion, N., Giacomi, G., Ahuad Guerrero, R.A., Conde, D., Zapata, G., Di Paola, L.A., Ramos, J.L., Dran, R.D., Egido, J., Fernandez, A.A., Fosco, M.J., Sassone, S., Sinisi, V.A., Cartasegna, L.R., Berli, M.A., Gomez Vilamajo, O.A., Ferroni, F., Alaguibe, E.D., Alvarez D'Amelio, A., Arabetti, C., Arias, L., Belardi, J.A., Bergesio, L., Berli, F., Berli, M., Borchowiec, S., Buzzetti, C., Cabrini, R., Campisi, V., Cappi, A.L., Carrizo, R., Colombo Berra, F., Costabel, J.P., Costamagna, O.J.A., Damonte, A.A., De Urquiza, I.N., Diez, F., Edén, M.F., Fanuele, M., Fernandez Voena, F., Foa Torres, M., Funosas, C., Giacomi, M.P., Gimenez, C.H., Gurfinkel, E.P., de L.M. 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A., Colquhoun, D., Kiat, H., Eccleston, D., French, J., Zimmett, L., Ayres, B., Phan, T., Blombery, P., Crimmins, D., O'Donnell, D., Choi, A., Astridge, P., Arstall, M., Jepson, N., Binnekamp, M., Lee, A., Rogers, J., Starmer, G., Carroll, P., Faunt, J., Aggarwala, A., Barry, L., Batta, C., Beveridge, R., Black, A., Bonner, M., Boys, J., Buckley, E., Campo, M., Carlton, L., Connelly, A., Conway, B., Cresp, D., Dimitri, H., Dixon, S., Dolman, M., Duroux, M., Eskandari, M., Eslick, R., Ferreira-Jardim, A., Fetahovic, T., Fitzpatrick, D., Geraghty, R., Gibbs, J., Grabek, T., Modi, M.H., Hayes, K., Hegde, M.P., Hesketh, L., Hoffmann, B., Jacobson, B., Johnson, K., Juergens, C., Kassam, I., Lawlor, V., Lehman, M., Lehman, S., Leung, D., Mackay, S., MacKenzie, M., McCarthy, C., McIntosh, C., McKeon, L., Morrison, H., Mussap, C., Myers, J.-D., Nagalingam, V., Oldfield, G., O'May, V., Palmer, J., Parsons, L., Patching, K., Patching, T., Paul, V., Plotz, M., Preston, S., Rashad, H., Ratcliffe, M., Raynes, S., Rose, J., Sanders, L., Seremetkoska, M., Setio, H., Shone, S., Shrestha, P., Singh, C., Singleton, C., Stoyanov, N., Sutcliffe, S., Swaraj, K., Tarrant, J., Thompson, S., Tsay, I.M., Vorster, M., Waldman, A., Wallis, L., Wilford, E., Wong, K., Connolly, S.J., Spyropoulos, A., Eikelboom, J., Luton, R., Gupta, M., Pandey, A.S., Cheung, S., Leader, R., Beaudry, P., Ayala-Paredes, F., Berlingieri, J., Heath, J., Poirier, G., Du Preez, M., Nadeau, R., Dresser, G., Dhillon, R., Hruczkowski, T., Schweitzer, B., Coutu, B., Angaran, P., MacDonald, P., Vizel, S., Fikry, S., Parkash, R., Lavoie, A., Cha, J., Ramjattan, B., Bonet, J., Ahmad, K., Aro, L., Aves, T., Beaudry, K., Bergeron, C., Bigcanoe, J., Bignell, N., Breakwell, L., Burke, E., Carroll, L., Clarke, B., Cleveland, T., Daheb, S., Dehghani, P., Denis, I., Djaidani, Z., Dorian, P., Douglass, S., Dunnigan, J., Ewert, A., Farquhar, D., Fearon, A., Ferleyko, L., Fournier, D., Fox, B., Grenier, M.-C., Gulliver, W., Haveman, K., Hines, C., Hines, K., Jackson, A.M., Jean, C., Jethoo, G., Kahlon, R., Kelly, S., Kim, R., Korley, V., Kornder, J., Kwan, L., Largy, J., Lewis, C., Lewis, S., Mangat, I., Moor, R., Navratil, J., Neas, I., Otis, J., Otis, R., Pandey, M., Petrie, F., Pinter, A., Raines, M., Roberts, P., Robinson, M., Sas, G., Schulman, S., Snell, L., Spearson, S., Stevenson, J., Trahey, T., Wong, S., Wright, D., Ragy, H., Abd El-Aziz, A., Abou Seif, S.K., El Din, M.G., El Etriby, S., Elbahry, A., El-Etreby, A., Elkhadem, M., Katta, A., Khairy, T., Mowafy, A., Nawar, M., Ohanissian, A., Reda, A., Reda, M., Salem, H., Sami, N., Samir, S., Setiha, M., Sobhy, M., Soliman, A., Taha, N., Tawfik, M., Zaatout, E., Kettles, D., Bayat, J., Siebert, H., Horak, A., Kelfkens, Y., Garda, R., Pillay, T., Guerra, M., van Zyl, L., Theron, H., Murray, A., Louw, R., Greyling, D., Mntla, P., Ueckermann, V., Loghdey, R., Ismail, S., Ahmed, F., Engelbrecht, J., Ramdass, A., Maharajh, S., Oosthuysen, W., Angel, G., Bester, C., Booysen, M., Boshoff, C., Cannon, C., Cassimjee, S., Chami, C., Conway, G., Davids, A., de Meyer, L., Du Plessis, G., Ellis, T., Henley, L., Karsten, M., Loyd, E., Marks, J., Mavhusa, L., Mostert, M., Page, A., Rikhotso, L., Salie, M., Sasto, J., Shaik, F., Skein, A., Smith, L., Tarr, G., Tau, T., van Zyl, F., Al Mahmeed, W., Yousef, G., Agrawal, A., Nathani, M., Ibrahim, M., Esheiba, E.M., Singh, R., Naguib, A., Abu-Mahfouz, M., Al Omairi, M., Al Naeemi, A., Maruthanayagam, R., Bazargani, N., Wassef, A., Gupta, R., Khan, M., Subbaraman, B., Abdul, A., Al Mulla, A., El Bardisy, S., Haridas, P., Jadhav, S., Magdaluyo, K., Makdad, M., Maqsood, I., Mohamed, R., Sharma, N., Sharma, R., Thanzeel, M., Goldhaber, S.Z., Canosa, R., Rama, P., Blumberg, E., Garcia, J., Mullen, P., Wilson, V., Quick, A., Ferrick, K., Kutayli, W.M., Cox, M., Franco, M., Falkowski, S., Mendelson, R., Williams, M., Miller, S., Beach, S., Alfieri, A., Gutowski, T., Haque, I., Reddy, R., Ahmed, W., Delafontaine, P., Diercks, D., Theodoro, D., Remmel, K., Alberts, M., Ison, R., Noveck, H., Duffy, P., Pitta, S., Nishijima, D., Treasure, C., Asafu-Adjaye, N., Ball, K., Bartlett, M., Bentley, M., Bowers, S., Brown, A., Browne, A., Cameron-Watts, J., Canova, M., Cassidy, D., Cervellione, K., Congal, S., DePauw, J., Dickerson, A., Eley, M., Evans, L., Felpel, S., Ferdinand, K., Fielder, D., Gentry, P., Haideri, A., Hakimi, F., Harbour, T., Hartranft, E., Hawkins, B., Headlee, M., Henson, L., Herrick, C., Hicks, T., Jasinski, S., Jones, A., Jones, L., Jones, P., Karl, S., Keeling, M., Kerr, J., Knowles, P., Langdon, J., Lay, M., Lee, J.A., Lincoln, T., Malone, E., Merliss, A., Merritt, D., Minardo, J., Mooso, B., Orosco, C., Palumbo, V., Parker, M., Parrott, T., Paserchia, S., Pearl, G., Peterson, J., Pickelsimer, N., Purcell, T., Raynor, J., Raziano, S., Richard, C., Richardson, T., Robertson, C., Sage, A., Sanghera, T., Shaw, P., Shoemaker, J., Smith, K., Stephanie, B., Thatcher, A., Theobald, H., Thompson, N., Treasure, L., Tripti, T., Verdi, C., Worthy, V., Sawhney, Jitendra PS., Kothiwale, Veerappa A., Bisne, Vikas, Durgaprasad, Rajashekhar, Jadhav, Praveen, Chopda, Manoj, Vanajakshamma, Velam, Meena, Ramdhan, Vijayaraghavan, Govindan, Chawla, Kamaldeep, and Allu, Jagan more...

Published
2018
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38. Associations Between Polygenic Risk Score Loading, Psychosis Liability, and Clozapine Use Among Individuals With Schizophrenia

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Lin, Bochao D., Pinzón-Espinosa, Justo, Blouzard, Elodie, Van Der Horst, Marte Z., Okhuijsen-pfeifer, Cynthia, Van Eijk, Kristel R., Guloksuz, Sinan, Peyrot, Wouter J., Luykx, Jurjen J., Hasan, Alkomiet, Wagner, Elias, Pantelis, Christos, Everall, Ian P., Ayhan, Y., Babaoğlu, M. O., Bak, Maarten, Alink, Wouter, Beld, E, Bouhuis, A, Edlinger, M, Erdoğan, I .m., Gutwinski, Stefan, Hallikainen, Tero, Jeger-land, E, Lähteenvuo, Markku, De Koning, Mariken B., Morgenroth, Carla, Müderrisoğlu, A., Oviedo-salcedo, Tatiana, Schreiter, Stefanie, Repo-tiihonen, Eila, Tuppurainen, Heli, Veereschild, Mike, Veerman, Selene R.t., Cohen, Dan, De Vos, M, Bogers, Jan P.a.m., Anıl Yağcıoğlu, A.e., Tiihonen, Jari, Ripke, Stephan, Bousman, Chad A., Van Beek, H, Van Der Horst, Marte, Van Eijk, Kristel, Ertuğrul, A., Yoca, G., Görlitz, T., Grootens, K., Leucht, Stefan, Narang, A., Schneider-thoma, J., Kahn, René S., Bekema, Erwin, Kleymann, Phillip, Alizadeh, Behrooz Z., Van Amelsvoort, Therese, Cahn, Wiepke, De Haan, Lieuwe, Schirmbeck, Frederike, Simons, Claudia J.p., Van Os, Jim, Rutten, Bart, Van Winkel, Ruud, RS: MHeNs - R3 - Neuroscience, RS: MHeNs - R2 - Mental Health, Psychiatry 1, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Complex Trait Genetics, Complex Trait Genetics, Geestelijke Gezondheidszorg, Tranzo, Scientific center for care and wellbeing, Psychiatry, APH - Mental Health, and Amsterdam Neuroscience - Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep more...

Subjects
Adult, Psychiatry and Mental health, Schizophrenia/drug therapy, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Risk Factors, Humans, Female, Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects, Psychotic Disorders/drug therapy, Multifactorial Inheritance/genetics, Clozapine/adverse effects
Abstract

ImportancePredictors consistently associated with psychosis liability and course of illness in schizophrenia (SCZ) spectrum disorders (SSD), including the need for clozapine treatment, are lacking. Longitudinally ascertained medication use may empower studies examining associations between polygenic risk scores (PRSs) and pharmacotherapy choices.ObjectiveTo examine associations between PRS-SCZ loading and groups with different liabilities to SSD (individuals with SSD taking clozapine, individuals with SSD taking other antipsychotics, their parents and siblings, and unrelated healthy controls) and between PRS-SCZ and the likelihood of receiving a prescription of clozapine relative to other antipsychotics.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsThis genetic association study was a multicenter, observational cohort study with 6 years of follow-up. Included were individuals diagnosed with SSD who were taking clozapine or other antipsychotics, their parents and siblings, and unrelated healthy controls. Data were collected from 2004 until 2021 and analyzed between October 2021 and September 2022.ExposuresPolygenic risk scores for SCZ.Main Outcomes and MeasuresMultinomial logistic regression was used to examine possible differences between groups by computing risk ratios (RRs), ie, ratios of the probability of pertaining to a particular group divided by the probability of healthy control status. We also computed PRS-informed odd ratios (ORs) for clozapine use relative to other antipsychotics.ResultsPolygenic risk scores for SCZ were generated for 2344 participants (mean [SD] age, 36.95 years [14.38]; 994 female individuals [42.4%]) who remained after quality control screening (557 individuals with SSD taking clozapine, 350 individuals with SSD taking other antipsychotics during the 6-year follow-up, 542 parents and 574 siblings of individuals with SSD, and 321 unrelated healthy controls). All RRs were significantly different from 1; RRs were highest for individuals with SSD taking clozapine (RR, 3.24; 95% CI, 2.76-3.81; P = 2.47 × 10−46), followed by individuals with SSD taking other antipsychotics (RR, 2.30; 95% CI, 1.95-2.72; P = 3.77 × 10−22), parents (RR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.25-1.68; P = 1.76 × 10−6), and siblings (RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.21-1.63; P = 8.22 × 10−6). Polygenic risk scores for SCZ were positively associated with clozapine vs other antipsychotic use (OR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.22-1.63; P = 2.98 × 10−6), suggesting a higher likelihood of clozapine prescriptions among individuals with higher PRS-SCZ.Conclusions and RelevanceIn this study, PRS-SCZ loading differed between groups of individuals with SSD, their relatives, and unrelated healthy controls, with patients taking clozapine at the far end of PRS-SCZ loading. Additionally, PRS-SCZ was associated with a higher likelihood of clozapine prescribing. Our findings may inform early intervention and prognostic studies of the value of using PRS-SCZ to personalize antipsychotic treatment. more...

Published
2023
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46. Unraveling parenthood intentions of 1700 adolescents in 2022, Flanders (Belgium): P-569

Author

Delbaere, Ilse, De Vos, M, Somers, S, Condorelli, Margherita, Pening, David, Merckx, M, Bogaerts, A, Vandepitte, H, Stoop, D, Harper, J, Mertes, H, Delbaere, Ilse, De Vos, M, Somers, S, Condorelli, Margherita, Pening, David, Merckx, M, Bogaerts, A, Vandepitte, H, Stoop, D, Harper, J, and Mertes, H more...

Abstract

Study question What are the current attitudes in Flemish adolescents aged 15-19 towards having children? Summary answer While the majority of adolescents want to have children, 25% have ambiguous feelings about having children and 10% indicate a wish to remain childless. What is known already In the past decades, a very positive attitude towards having children has been reported in young people. In the adult population, most people desire to have children or are already parents, but the group of people who choose to remain childfree is increasingly visible and vocal. The current generation of adolescents is more concerned about environmental impacts than previous generations. Study design, size, duration An anonymous online survey of multiple choice and open-ended questions was offered to adolescents in Flanders (Belgium). Forty – four schools in Flanders participated and 1700 adolescents completed the questionnaire from February 2022 to June 2022. We performed a qualitative analysis of answers in open ended questions. Participants/materials, setting, methods Adolescents aged 15 – 19 years old, attending the last two years of secondary school in Flanders (Belgium). Most pupils had the opportunity to complete the questionnaire during class, others chose to complete the questionnaire in their own free time. Main results and the role of chance The majority of pupils would like to have children (60.2%), a considerable proportion is still undecided (24.7%) and 10.8% report they do not want children. Significantly more boys than girls would like to have children (67% versus 61.7%, p < 0.01). Having a positive representation of children and the desire to build a family in the future are the most important reasons for wanting children. Adolescents who have ambiguous feelings or who do not want children are rather pragmatic in their decision-making. They may consider factors such as financial stability, career goals and personal development before deciding to hav, info:eu-repo/semantics/published more...

Published
2023

47. Navigating Approaches to the Use of Pattern Language Theory in Practice

Author

Chen, Ruihua (author), Bos-de Vos, M. (author), Mulder, I. (author), van Eldik, Zoë (author), Chen, Ruihua (author), Bos-de Vos, M. (author), Mulder, I. (author), and van Eldik, Zoë (author)

Abstract

Christopher Alexander’s Pattern Language Theory (PLT) has been recognized as a valuable methodology to understand complex systems. It has been applied across domains through a variety of different approaches. This article reviews exist-ing approaches to PLT application and reflects upon the differences between them. We find that application generally differs across four components: artefact, activity, roles and tools, informed by practitioners’ diverging values and needs. We elaborate on how consciously navigating the dimensions that these components consist of can help to broaden the application of PLT in practice. We report on the development of a set of conceptual tools that aim to support this process. The resulting “activity kit” has been applied in a Dutch housing renovation project to support homeowners in communication and decision‐making to illustrate the applicability of our methodology. It can be concluded that the “activity kit” is a promising approach to broaden the use of PLT and contributes to the methodological repertoire of researchers and practitioners to address complexity in today’s societal challenges., Methodologie en Organisatie van Design, Design Conceptualization and Communication more...

Published
2023
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48. Associations between polygenic risk score loading, psychosis liability, and clozapine use among individuals with schizophrenia

Author

Lin, B.D., Pinzón-Espinosa, J., Blouzard, E., Van Der Horst, M.Z., Okhuijsen-pfeifer, C., Van Eijk, K.R., Guloksuz, S., Peyrot, W.J., Luykx, J.J., Hasan, A., Wagner, E., Pantelis, C., Everall, I.P., Ayhan, Y., Babaoğlu, M.O., Bak, M., Alink, W., Beld, E, Bouhuis, A., Edlinger, M., Erdoğan, I.M., Gutwinski, S., Hallikainen, T., Jeger-land, E., Lähteenvuo, M., De Koning, M.B., Morgenroth, C., Müderrisoğlu, A., Oviedo-salcedo, T., Schreiter, S., Repo-tiihonen, E., Tuppurainen, H., Veereschild, M., Veerman, S.R.T., Cohen, D., de Vos, M., Bogers, J.P.A.M., Anıl Yağcıoğlu, A.E., Tiihonen, J., Ripke, S., Bousman, C.A., Van Beek, H, van der Horst, M., Van Eijk, K., Ertuğrul, A., Yoca, G., Görlitz, T., Grootens, K., Leucht, S., Narang, A., Schneider-thoma, J., Kahn, R.S., Bekema, E., Kleymann, P., Alizadeh, B.Z., van Amelsvoort, T., Cahn, W., de Haan, L., Schirmbeck, F., Simons, C.J.P., van Os, J., Rutten, B., van Winkel, R., Lin, B.D., Pinzón-Espinosa, J., Blouzard, E., Van Der Horst, M.Z., Okhuijsen-pfeifer, C., Van Eijk, K.R., Guloksuz, S., Peyrot, W.J., Luykx, J.J., Hasan, A., Wagner, E., Pantelis, C., Everall, I.P., Ayhan, Y., Babaoğlu, M.O., Bak, M., Alink, W., Beld, E, Bouhuis, A., Edlinger, M., Erdoğan, I.M., Gutwinski, S., Hallikainen, T., Jeger-land, E., Lähteenvuo, M., De Koning, M.B., Morgenroth, C., Müderrisoğlu, A., Oviedo-salcedo, T., Schreiter, S., Repo-tiihonen, E., Tuppurainen, H., Veereschild, M., Veerman, S.R.T., Cohen, D., de Vos, M., Bogers, J.P.A.M., Anıl Yağcıoğlu, A.E., Tiihonen, J., Ripke, S., Bousman, C.A., Van Beek, H, van der Horst, M., Van Eijk, K., Ertuğrul, A., Yoca, G., Görlitz, T., Grootens, K., Leucht, S., Narang, A., Schneider-thoma, J., Kahn, R.S., Bekema, E., Kleymann, P., Alizadeh, B.Z., van Amelsvoort, T., Cahn, W., de Haan, L., Schirmbeck, F., Simons, C.J.P., van Os, J., Rutten, B., and van Winkel, R. more...

Abstract

Importance: Predictors consistently associated with psychosis liability and course of illness in schizophrenia (SCZ) spectrum disorders (SSD), including the need for clozapine treatment, are lacking. Longitudinally ascertained medication use may empower studies examining associations between polygenic risk scores (PRSs) and pharmacotherapy choices. Objective: To examine associations between PRS-SCZ loading and groups with different liabilities to SSD (individuals with SSD taking clozapine, individuals with SSD taking other antipsychotics, their parents and siblings, and unrelated healthy controls) and between PRS-SCZ and the likelihood of receiving a prescription of clozapine relative to other antipsychotics. Design, Setting, and Participants: This genetic association study was a multicenter, observational cohort study with 6 years of follow-up. Included were individuals diagnosed with SSD who were taking clozapine or other antipsychotics, their parents and siblings, and unrelated healthy controls. Data were collected from 2004 until 2021 and analyzed between October 2021 and September 2022. Exposures: Polygenic risk scores for SCZ. Main Outcomes and Measures: Multinomial logistic regression was used to examine possible differences between groups by computing risk ratios (RRs), ie, ratios of the probability of pertaining to a particular group divided by the probability of healthy control status. We also computed PRS-informed odd ratios (ORs) for clozapine use relative to other antipsychotics. Results: Polygenic risk scores for SCZ were generated for 2344 participants (mean [SD] age, 36.95 years [14.38]; 994 female individuals [42.4%]) who remained after quality control screening (557 individuals with SSD taking clozapine, 350 individuals with SSD taking other antipsychotics during the 6-year follow-up, 542 parents and 574 siblings of individuals with SSD, and 321 unrelated healthy controls). All RR more...

Published
2023