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2. Progress toward standardized diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment: Guidelines from the Vascular Impairment of Cognition Classification Consensus Study

Author

Skrobot, Olivia A., Black, Sandra E., Chen, Christopher, DeCarli, Charles, Erkinjuntti, Timo, Ford, Gary A., Kalaria, Rajesh N., O'Brien, John, Pantoni, Leonardo, Pasquier, Florence, Roman, Gustavo C., Wallin, Anders, Sachdev, Perminder, Skoog, Ingmar, VICCCS Group, Taragano, F. E., Kril, J., Cavalieri, M., Jellinger, K. A., Kovacs, G. G., Engelborghs, S., Lafosse, C., Bertolucci, P. H., Brucki, S., Caramelli, P., De Toledo Ferraz Alves, T. C., Bocti, C., Fulop, T., Hogan, D. B., Hsiung, G. R., Kirk, A., Leach, L., Robillard, A., Sahlas, D. J., Guo, Q., Tian, J., Hokkanen, L., Jokinen, H., Benisty, S., Deramecourt, V., Hauw, J., Lenoir, H., Tsatali, M., Tsolaki, M., Sundar, U., Coen, R. F., Korczyn, A. D., Altieri, M., Baldereschi, M., Caltagirone, C., Caravaglios, G., Di Carlo, A., Di Piero, V., Gainotti, G., Galluzzi, S., Logroscino, G., Mecocci, P., Moretti, D. V., Padovani, A., Fukui, T., Ihara, M., Mizuno, T., Kim, S. Y., Akinyemi, R., Baiyewu, O., Ogunniyi, A., Szczudlik, A., Bastos-Leite, A. J., Firmino, H., Massano, J., Verdelho, A., Kruglov, L. S., Ikram, M. K., Kandiah, N., Arana, E., Barroso-Ribal, J., Calatayud, T., Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., López-Pousa, S., Martinez-Lage, P., Mataro, M., Börjesson-Hanson, A., Englund, E., Laukka, E. J., Qiu, C., Viitanen, M., Biessels, G. J., De Leeuw, F.-E., Den Heijer, T., Exalto, L. G., Kappelle, L. J., Prins, N. D., Richard, E., Schmand, B., Van Den Berg, E., Van Der Flier, W. M., Bilgic, B., Allan, L. M., Archer, J., Attems, J., Bayer, A., Blackburn, D., Brayne, C., Bullock, R., Connelly, P. J., Farrant, A., Fish, M., Harkness, K., Ince, P. G., Langhorne, P., Mann, J., Matthews, F. E., Mayer, P., Pendlebury, S. T., Perneczky, R., Peters, R., Smithard, D., Stephan, B. C., Swartz, J. E., Todd, S., Werring, D. J., Wijayasiri, S. N., Wilcock, G., Zamboni, G., Au, R., Borson, S., Bozoki, A., Browndyke, J. N., Corrada, M. M., Crane, P. K., Diniz, B. S., Etcher, L., Fillit, H., Greenberg, S. M., Grinberg, L. T., Hurt, S. W., Lamar, M., Mielke, M., Ott, B. R., Perry, G., Powers, W. J., Ramos-Estebanez, C., Reed, B., Roberts, R. O., Romero, J. R., Saykin, A. J., Seshadri, S., Silbert, L., Stern, Yaakov, Zarow, C., Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Passmore, Anthony P., Love, Seth, and Kehoe, Patrick G.

Subjects
Cognition disorders, Cognition disorders--Diagnosis, FOS: Clinical medicine, Neurosciences
Abstract

Introduction: Progress in understanding and management of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) has been hampered by lack of consensus on diagnosis, reflecting the use of multiple different assessment protocols. A large multinational group of clinicians and researchers participated in a two-phase Vascular Impairment of Cognition Classification Consensus Study (VICCCS) to agree on principles (VICCCS-1) and protocols (VICCCS-2) for diagnosis of VCI. We present VICCCS-2. Methods: We used VICCCS-1 principles and published diagnostic guidelines as points of reference for an online Delphi survey aimed at achieving consensus on clinical diagnosis of VCI. Results: Six survey rounds comprising 65–79 participants agreed guidelines for diagnosis of VICCCS-revised mild and major forms of VCI and endorsed the National Institute of Neurological Disorders–Canadian Stroke Network neuropsychological assessment protocols and recommendations for imaging. Discussion: The VICCCS-2 suggests standardized use of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders–Canadian Stroke Network recommendations on neuropsychological and imaging assessment for diagnosis of VCI so as to promote research collaboration.

Published
2018
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3. Progress toward standardized diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment: Guidelines from the Vascular Impairment of Cognition Classification Consensus Study

Author

Skrobot, O. A., Black, S. E., Chen, C., Decarli, C., Erkinjuntti, T., Ford, G. A., Kalaria, R. N., O'Brien, J., Pantoni, L., Pasquier, F., Roman, G. C., Wallin, A., Sachdev, P., Skoog, I., Taragano, F. E., Kril, J., Cavalieri, M., Jellinger, K. A., Kovacs, G. G., Engelborghs, S., Lafosse, C., Bertolucci, P. H., Brucki, S., Caramelli, P., de Toledo Ferraz Alves, T. C., Bocti, C., Fulop, T., Hogan, D. B., Hsiung, G. R., Kirk, A., Leach, L., Robillard, A., Sahlas, D. J., Guo, Q., Tian, J., Hokkanen, L., Jokinen, H., Benisty, S., Deramecourt, V., Hauw, J., Lenoir, H., Tsatali, M., Tsolaki, M., Sundar, U., Coen, R. F., Korczyn, A. D., Altieri, M., Baldereschi, M., Caltagirone, C., Caravaglios, G., Di Carlo, A., Di Piero, V., Gainotti, Guido, Galluzzi, S., Logroscino, G., Mecocci, P., Moretti, D. V., Padovani, A., Fukui, T., Ihara, M., Mizuno, T., Kim, S. Y., Akinyemi, R., Baiyewu, O., Ogunniyi, A., Szczudlik, A., Bastos-Leite, A. J., Firmino, H., Massano, J., Verdelho, A., Kruglov, L. S., Ikram, M. K., Kandiah, N., Arana, E., Barroso-Ribal, J., Calatayud, T., Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Lopez-Pousa, S., Martinez-Lage, P., Mataro, M., Borjesson-Hanson, A., Englund, E., Laukka, E. J., Qiu, C., Viitanen, M., Biessels, G. J., de Leeuw, F. -E., den Heijer, T., Exalto, L. G., Kappelle, L. J., Prins, N. D., Richard, E., Schmand, B., van den Berg, E., van der Flier, W. M., Bilgic, B., Allan, L. M., Archer, J., Attems, J., Bayer, A., Blackburn, D., Brayne, C., Bullock, R., Connelly, P. J., Farrant, A., Fish, M., Harkness, K., Ince, P. G., Langhorne, P., Mann, J., Matthews, F. E., Mayer, P., Pendlebury, S. T., Perneczky, R., Peters, R., Smithard, D., Stephan, B. C., Swartz, J. E., Todd, S., Werring, D. J., Wijayasiri, S. N., Wilcock, G., Zamboni, G., Au, R., Borson, S., Bozoki, A., Browndyke, J. N., Corrada, M. M., Crane, P. K., Diniz, B. S., Etcher, L., Fillit, H., Greenberg, S. M., Grinberg, L. T., Hurt, S. W., Lamar, M., Mielke, M., Ott, B. R., Perry, G., Powers, W. J., Ramos-Estebanez, C., Reed, B., Roberts, R. O., Romero, J. R., Saykin, A. J., Seshadri, S., Silbert, L., Stern, Y., Zarow, C., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Passmore, A. P., Love, S., Kehoe, P. G., Gainotti G., Skrobot, O. A., Black, S. E., Chen, C., Decarli, C., Erkinjuntti, T., Ford, G. A., Kalaria, R. N., O'Brien, J., Pantoni, L., Pasquier, F., Roman, G. C., Wallin, A., Sachdev, P., Skoog, I., Taragano, F. E., Kril, J., Cavalieri, M., Jellinger, K. A., Kovacs, G. G., Engelborghs, S., Lafosse, C., Bertolucci, P. H., Brucki, S., Caramelli, P., de Toledo Ferraz Alves, T. C., Bocti, C., Fulop, T., Hogan, D. B., Hsiung, G. R., Kirk, A., Leach, L., Robillard, A., Sahlas, D. J., Guo, Q., Tian, J., Hokkanen, L., Jokinen, H., Benisty, S., Deramecourt, V., Hauw, J., Lenoir, H., Tsatali, M., Tsolaki, M., Sundar, U., Coen, R. F., Korczyn, A. D., Altieri, M., Baldereschi, M., Caltagirone, C., Caravaglios, G., Di Carlo, A., Di Piero, V., Gainotti, Guido, Galluzzi, S., Logroscino, G., Mecocci, P., Moretti, D. V., Padovani, A., Fukui, T., Ihara, M., Mizuno, T., Kim, S. Y., Akinyemi, R., Baiyewu, O., Ogunniyi, A., Szczudlik, A., Bastos-Leite, A. J., Firmino, H., Massano, J., Verdelho, A., Kruglov, L. S., Ikram, M. K., Kandiah, N., Arana, E., Barroso-Ribal, J., Calatayud, T., Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Lopez-Pousa, S., Martinez-Lage, P., Mataro, M., Borjesson-Hanson, A., Englund, E., Laukka, E. J., Qiu, C., Viitanen, M., Biessels, G. J., de Leeuw, F. -E., den Heijer, T., Exalto, L. G., Kappelle, L. J., Prins, N. D., Richard, E., Schmand, B., van den Berg, E., van der Flier, W. M., Bilgic, B., Allan, L. M., Archer, J., Attems, J., Bayer, A., Blackburn, D., Brayne, C., Bullock, R., Connelly, P. J., Farrant, A., Fish, M., Harkness, K., Ince, P. G., Langhorne, P., Mann, J., Matthews, F. E., Mayer, P., Pendlebury, S. T., Perneczky, R., Peters, R., Smithard, D., Stephan, B. C., Swartz, J. E., Todd, S., Werring, D. J., Wijayasiri, S. N., Wilcock, G., Zamboni, G., Au, R., Borson, S., Bozoki, A., Browndyke, J. N., Corrada, M. M., Crane, P. K., Diniz, B. S., Etcher, L., Fillit, H., Greenberg, S. M., Grinberg, L. T., Hurt, S. W., Lamar, M., Mielke, M., Ott, B. R., Perry, G., Powers, W. J., Ramos-Estebanez, C., Reed, B., Roberts, R. O., Romero, J. R., Saykin, A. J., Seshadri, S., Silbert, L., Stern, Y., Zarow, C., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Passmore, A. P., Love, S., Kehoe, P. G., and Gainotti G.

Abstract

Introduction: Progress in understanding and management of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) has been hampered by lack of consensus on diagnosis, reflecting the use of multiple different assessment protocols. A large multinational group of clinicians and researchers participated in a two-phase Vascular Impairment of Cognition Classification Consensus Study (VICCCS) to agree on principles (VICCCS-1) and protocols (VICCCS-2) for diagnosis of VCI. We present VICCCS-2. Methods: We used VICCCS-1 principles and published diagnostic guidelines as points of reference for an online Delphi survey aimed at achieving consensus on clinical diagnosis of VCI. Results: Six survey rounds comprising 65–79 participants agreed guidelines for diagnosis of VICCCS-revised mild and major forms of VCI and endorsed the National Institute of Neurological Disorders–Canadian Stroke Network neuropsychological assessment protocols and recommendations for imaging. Discussion: The VICCCS-2 suggests standardized use of the National Institute of Neurological Disorders–Canadian Stroke Network recommendations on neuropsychological and imaging assessment for diagnosis of VCI so as to promote research collaboration.

Published
2018

4. The Vascular Impairment of Cognition Classification Consensus Study

Author

Skrobot, Olivia A., Love, Seth, Kehoe, Patrick G., O'Brien, John, Black, Sandra E., Chen, Christopher, DeCarli, Charles, Erkinjuntti, Timo, Ford, Gary A., Kalaria, Rajesh N., Pantoni, Leonardo, Pasquier, Florence, Roman, Gustavo C., Wallin, Anders, Sachdev, Perminder S., Skoog, Ingmar, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Passmore, Anthony P., Engelborghs, S., Lafosse, C., Bertolucci, P. H., Brucki, S., Caramelli, P., de Toledo Ferraz Alves, T. C., Bocti, C., Fulop, T., Hogan, D. B., Hsiung, G. R., Kirk, A., Leach, L., Robillard, A., Sahlas, D. J., Guo, Q., Tian, J., Hokkanen, L., Jokinen, H., Benisty, S., Deramecourt, V., Hauw, J-J., Lenoir, H., Tsatali, M., Tsolaki, Magda, Sundar, U., Ikram, M. K., Biessels, G. J., Exalto, L. G., Kappelle, L. J., van den Berg, E., Swartz, J. E., and VICCCS group

Subjects
Consensus, Epidemiology, Health Policy, Clinical Neurology, Guidelines, Criteria, Delphi, Vascular dementia, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Psychiatry and Mental health, Developmental Neuroscience, Journal Article, Vascular cognitive impairment, Geriatrics and Gerontology
Abstract

Introduction Numerous diagnostic criteria have tried to tackle the variability in clinical manifestations and problematic diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) but none have been universally accepted. These criteria have not been readily comparable, impacting on clinical diagnosis rates and in turn prevalence estimates, research, and treatment. Methods The Vascular Impairment of Cognition Classification Consensus Study (VICCCS) involved participants (81% academic researchers) from 27 countries in an online Delphi consensus study. Participants reviewed previously proposed concepts to develop new guidelines. Results VICCCS had a mean of 122 (98–153) respondents across the study and a 67% threshold to represent consensus. VICCCS redefined VCI including classification of mild and major forms of VCI and subtypes. It proposes new standardized VCI-associated terminology and future research priorities to address gaps in current knowledge. Discussion VICCCS proposes a consensus-based updated conceptualization of VCI intended to facilitate standardization in research.

Published
2017

5. The Vascular Impairment of Cognition Classification Consensus Study

Author

ZL Cerebrovasculaire Ziekten Medisch, ZL Algemene Neurologie Medisch, Circulatory Health, Brain, Opleiding Neurologie, Projectafdeling VCI, MS KNO, Skrobot, Olivia A., Love, Seth, Kehoe, Patrick G., O'Brien, John, Black, Sandra E., Chen, Christopher, DeCarli, Charles, Erkinjuntti, Timo, Ford, Gary A., Kalaria, Rajesh N., Pantoni, Leonardo, Pasquier, Florence, Roman, Gustavo C., Wallin, Anders, Sachdev, Perminder S., Skoog, Ingmar, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Passmore, Anthony P., Engelborghs, S., Lafosse, C., Bertolucci, P. H., Brucki, S., Caramelli, P., de Toledo Ferraz Alves, T. C., Bocti, C., Fulop, T., Hogan, D. B., Hsiung, G. R., Kirk, A., Leach, L., Robillard, A., Sahlas, D. J., Guo, Q., Tian, J., Hokkanen, L., Jokinen, H., Benisty, S., Deramecourt, V., Hauw, J-J., Lenoir, H., Tsatali, M., Tsolaki, Magda, Sundar, U., Ikram, M. K., Biessels, G. J., Exalto, L. G., Kappelle, L. J., van den Berg, E., Swartz, J. E., VICCCS group, ZL Cerebrovasculaire Ziekten Medisch, ZL Algemene Neurologie Medisch, Circulatory Health, Brain, Opleiding Neurologie, Projectafdeling VCI, MS KNO, Skrobot, Olivia A., Love, Seth, Kehoe, Patrick G., O'Brien, John, Black, Sandra E., Chen, Christopher, DeCarli, Charles, Erkinjuntti, Timo, Ford, Gary A., Kalaria, Rajesh N., Pantoni, Leonardo, Pasquier, Florence, Roman, Gustavo C., Wallin, Anders, Sachdev, Perminder S., Skoog, Ingmar, Ben-Shlomo, Yoav, Passmore, Anthony P., Engelborghs, S., Lafosse, C., Bertolucci, P. H., Brucki, S., Caramelli, P., de Toledo Ferraz Alves, T. C., Bocti, C., Fulop, T., Hogan, D. B., Hsiung, G. R., Kirk, A., Leach, L., Robillard, A., Sahlas, D. J., Guo, Q., Tian, J., Hokkanen, L., Jokinen, H., Benisty, S., Deramecourt, V., Hauw, J-J., Lenoir, H., Tsatali, M., Tsolaki, Magda, Sundar, U., Ikram, M. K., Biessels, G. J., Exalto, L. G., Kappelle, L. J., van den Berg, E., Swartz, J. E., and VICCCS group

Published
2017

6. The Vascular Impairment of Cognition Classification Consensus Study

Author

Skrobot, O. A., Love, S., Kehoe, P. G., O'Brien, J., Black, S., Chen, C., DeCarli, C., Erkinjuntti, T., Ford, G. A., Kalaria, R. N., Pantoni, L., Pasquier, F., Roman, G. C., Wallin, A., Sachdev, P., Kril, J., Skoog, I., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Passmore, A. P., Engelborghs, S., Lafosse, C., Bertolucci, P. H., Brucki, S., Caramelli, P., de Toledo Ferraz Alves, T. C., Bocti, C., Fulop, T., Hogan, D. B., Hsiung, G. R., Kirk, A., Leach, L., Robillard, A., Sahlas, D. J., Guo, Q., Tian, J., Hokkanen, L., Jokinen, H., Benisty, S., Deramecourt, V., Hauw, J., Lenoir, H., Tsatali, M., Tsolaki, M., Sundar, U., Coen, R. F., Korczyn, A. D., Altieri, M., Baldereschi, M., Caltagirone, C., Caravaglios, G., Di Carlo, A., DI Piero, V., Gainotti, G., Galluzzi, S., Logroscino, G., Mecocci, P., Moretti, D. V., Padovani, A., Fukui, T., Ihara, M., Mizuno, T., Kim, S. Y., Akinyemi, R., Baiyewu, O., Ogunniyi, A., Szczudlik, A., Bastos-Leite, A. J., Firmino, H., Massano, J., Verdelho, A., Kruglov, L. S., Ikram, M. K., Kandiah, N., Arana, E., Barroso-Ribal, J., Calatayud, T., Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Lopez-Pousa, S., Martinez-Lage, P., Mataro, M., Borjesson-Hanson, A., Englund, E., Laukka, E. J., Qiu, C., Viitanen, M., Biessels, G. J., de Leeuw, F. -E., den Heijer, T., Exalto, L. G., Kappelle, L. J., Prins, N. D., Richard, E., Schmand, B., van den Berg, E., van der Flier, W. M., Bilgic, B., Allan, L. M., Archer, J., Attems, J., Bayer, A., Blackburn, D., Brayne, C., Bullock, R., Connelly, P. J., Farrant, A., Fish, M., Harkness, K., Ince, P. G., Langhorne, P., Mann, J., Matthews, F. E., Mayer, P., Pendlebury, S. T., Perneczky, R., Peters, R., Smithard, D., Stephan, B. C., Swartz, J. E., Todd, S., Werring, D. J., Wijayasiri, S. N., Wilcock, G., Zamboni, G., Au, R., Borson, S., Bozoki, A., Browndyke, J. N., Corrada, M. M., Crane, P. K., Diniz, B. S., Etcher, L., Fillit, H., Greenberg, S. M., Grinberg, L. T., Hurt, S. W., Lamar, M., Mielke, M., Ott, B. R., Perry, G., Powers, W. J., Ramos-Estebanez, C., Reed, B., Roberts, R. O., Romero, J. R., Saykin, A. J., Seshadri, S., Silbert, L., Stern, Y., Zarow, C., Gainotti G., Logroscino G. (ORCID:0000-0003-1301-5343), Skrobot, O. A., Love, S., Kehoe, P. G., O'Brien, J., Black, S., Chen, C., DeCarli, C., Erkinjuntti, T., Ford, G. A., Kalaria, R. N., Pantoni, L., Pasquier, F., Roman, G. C., Wallin, A., Sachdev, P., Kril, J., Skoog, I., Ben-Shlomo, Y., Passmore, A. P., Engelborghs, S., Lafosse, C., Bertolucci, P. H., Brucki, S., Caramelli, P., de Toledo Ferraz Alves, T. C., Bocti, C., Fulop, T., Hogan, D. B., Hsiung, G. R., Kirk, A., Leach, L., Robillard, A., Sahlas, D. J., Guo, Q., Tian, J., Hokkanen, L., Jokinen, H., Benisty, S., Deramecourt, V., Hauw, J., Lenoir, H., Tsatali, M., Tsolaki, M., Sundar, U., Coen, R. F., Korczyn, A. D., Altieri, M., Baldereschi, M., Caltagirone, C., Caravaglios, G., Di Carlo, A., DI Piero, V., Gainotti, G., Galluzzi, S., Logroscino, G., Mecocci, P., Moretti, D. V., Padovani, A., Fukui, T., Ihara, M., Mizuno, T., Kim, S. Y., Akinyemi, R., Baiyewu, O., Ogunniyi, A., Szczudlik, A., Bastos-Leite, A. J., Firmino, H., Massano, J., Verdelho, A., Kruglov, L. S., Ikram, M. K., Kandiah, N., Arana, E., Barroso-Ribal, J., Calatayud, T., Cruz-Jentoft, A. J., Lopez-Pousa, S., Martinez-Lage, P., Mataro, M., Borjesson-Hanson, A., Englund, E., Laukka, E. J., Qiu, C., Viitanen, M., Biessels, G. J., de Leeuw, F. -E., den Heijer, T., Exalto, L. G., Kappelle, L. J., Prins, N. D., Richard, E., Schmand, B., van den Berg, E., van der Flier, W. M., Bilgic, B., Allan, L. M., Archer, J., Attems, J., Bayer, A., Blackburn, D., Brayne, C., Bullock, R., Connelly, P. J., Farrant, A., Fish, M., Harkness, K., Ince, P. G., Langhorne, P., Mann, J., Matthews, F. E., Mayer, P., Pendlebury, S. T., Perneczky, R., Peters, R., Smithard, D., Stephan, B. C., Swartz, J. E., Todd, S., Werring, D. J., Wijayasiri, S. N., Wilcock, G., Zamboni, G., Au, R., Borson, S., Bozoki, A., Browndyke, J. N., Corrada, M. M., Crane, P. K., Diniz, B. S., Etcher, L., Fillit, H., Greenberg, S. M., Grinberg, L. T., Hurt, S. W., Lamar, M., Mielke, M., Ott, B. R., Perry, G., Powers, W. J., Ramos-Estebanez, C., Reed, B., Roberts, R. O., Romero, J. R., Saykin, A. J., Seshadri, S., Silbert, L., Stern, Y., Zarow, C., Gainotti G., and Logroscino G. (ORCID:0000-0003-1301-5343)

Abstract

Introduction Numerous diagnostic criteria have tried to tackle the variability in clinical manifestations and problematic diagnosis of vascular cognitive impairment (VCI) but none have been universally accepted. These criteria have not been readily comparable, impacting on clinical diagnosis rates and in turn prevalence estimates, research, and treatment. Methods The Vascular Impairment of Cognition Classification Consensus Study (VICCCS) involved participants (81% academic researchers) from 27 countries in an online Delphi consensus study. Participants reviewed previously proposed concepts to develop new guidelines. Results VICCCS had a mean of 122 (98–153) respondents across the study and a 67% threshold to represent consensus. VICCCS redefined VCI including classification of mild and major forms of VCI and subtypes. It proposes new standardized VCI-associated terminology and future research priorities to address gaps in current knowledge. Discussion VICCCS proposes a consensus-based updated conceptualization of VCI intended to facilitate standardization in research.

Published
2017

8. Relationship between Brain Age-Related Reduction in Gray Matter and Educational Attainment.

Author

Rzezak P, Squarzoni P, Duran FL, de Toledo Ferraz Alves T, Tamashiro-Duran J, Bottino CM, Ribeiz S, Lotufo PA, Menezes PR, Scazufca M, and Busatto GF

Subjects
Aged, Cognition, Female, Gray Matter physiology, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Organ Size, Aging physiology, Educational Status, Gray Matter anatomy & histology
Abstract

Inter-subject variability in age-related brain changes may relate to educational attainment, as suggested by cognitive reserve theories. This voxel-based morphometry study investigated the impact of very low educational level on the relationship between regional gray matter (rGM) volumes and age in healthy elders. Magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired in elders with low educational attainment (less than 4 years) (n = 122) and high educational level (n = 66), pulling together individuals examined using either of three MRI scanners/acquisition protocols. Voxelwise group comparisons showed no rGM differences (p<0.05, family-wise error corrected for multiple comparisons). When within-group voxelwise patterns of linear correlation were compared between high and low education groups, there was one cluster of greater rGM loss with aging in low versus high education elders in the left anterior cingulate cortex (p<0.05, FWE-corrected), as well as a trend in the left dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (p<0.10). These results provide preliminary indication that education might exert subtle protective effects against age-related brain changes in healthy subjects. The anterior cingulate cortex, critical to inhibitory control processes, may be particularly sensitive to such effects, possibly given its involvement in cognitive stimulating activities at school or later throughout life.

Published
2015
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