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The aim of this study was to propose a standardization model of physical conditioning for diabetic rats from the classification of the intensity of the exercise in levels of speed training. Twenty-four male Wistar rats (229.92 ± 28.13 g, 95.08 ± 9.04 mg·dL-1) were divided into 4 groups: (a) Sedentary Diabetic Group (SDG); (b) Diabetic Group Treadmill (DGT); (c) Sedentary Control Group (SCG); and (d) Control Group Treadmill (CGT). The standardization of physical fitness was classified by exercise intensity (very light, mild, moderate, intense, very intense, and maximum) during the treadmill maximum stress test (TEM The animals of the DGT and CGT were submitted to exercise on treadmill, 1 hr·d-1 5 d·wk-1 for 5 wks under moderate intensity reassessed TEM 48 hrs after the last exercise session. After 12 days of induction of diabetes, the physical conditioning of diabetic and healthy rats was standardized at 19.58 ± 4.15 m·min-1, verified after 5 wks of physical fitness training increase in the DGT vs. SDG (P = 0.006) and reduction of DGT vs. CGT (P = 0.049). The findings indicate that the standardization of exercise intensity in diabetic rats under moderate intensity was adequate for the gain in physical fitness similar to healthy animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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At higher levels of competitiveness, there is a need to create injury prevention programs in the judo and jiu-jitsu modalities. Both modalities present in common the excessive forearm muscular request. One tool that has been used within these programs is the Infrared Thermography (IRT), which allows the identification of a possible injury. However, in order to avoid misunderstanding of the results, it is necessary to know the athlete's thermal profile. Therefore, the objective of this study was to identify and compare the skin temperature (Tsk) of judo and jiu-jitsu athletes in the forearm region, as well as to verify the level of attention for asymmetry in the forearm of these athletes. The sample consisted of 26 male athletes, 12 judokas and 14 jiu-jitsu practitioners. The results of the comparison of Tsk of the forearm between the groups did not present any significant differences. The Tsk of judo and jiu-jitsu athletes in the forearm are similar, something that may help in future research using thermography with both modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of pre-exercise hyperhydration with sodium (PEHS), on the state of hydration and performance in runners of a 10K. Ten male runners (age 40.5 ± 9.7 yrs, weight 72.5 ± 8.4 kg, body fat 18.8 ± 4.5%) participated in the study and performed 10 km of street running under two different forms of prehydration: pre-exercise hydration (PEH), consisting of water intake ad libitum, and pre-exercise sodium hyperhydration (PEHS), consisting of sodium ingestion (12 mg of sodium for each 5 mL of water) diluted 1 h before the test. The variables evaluated were heart rate (HR), body temperature (BT), body mass (BM), blood pressure (BP), relative dehydration (RD), absolute dehydration (AD), total ingested water (TH2OING), degree of dehydration (DD), sweating rate (SR), specific gravity of urine (SGU), urine pH, and performance time (PT). There was no difference between intervention groups in the variables HR, BT, BM, BP, SGU, urine pH, and PT. RD (0.76 ± 0.41 kg vs. 1.16 ± 0.43 kg; Cohen's d = 0.95; p = 0.042); AD (0.63 ± 0.36 kg vs. 0.99 ± 0.43 kg; Cohen's d = 0.90; p = 0.038); DD (0.63 ± 0.52% vs. 1.35 ± 0.56%; Cohen's d = 1.33; p = 0.009); SR (2255.03 ± 1297.25 mL vs. 3550.06 ± 1527.35 mL; Cohen's d = 0.91; p = 0.048) were lower in the state of PEHS. PEH presented greater TH2OING (0.16 ± 0.12 mL vs. 0.34 ± 0.41 mL; Cohen's d = 0.59; p = 0.008). It was concluded that PEHS produces better hydration in runners during long distance running. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a CrossFit® session on hemodynamic indicators. Ten males between 18 and 35 yrs of age with at least 12 months of experience in CrossFit® participated in this study. The Treatment consisted of a single CrossFit® Session during which the subjects performed the EMOM (Every Minute On the Minute). The Control Session consisted of traditional bodybuilding (4 sets of 10 reps of leg press and 4 sets of 10 reps of bench press with rest between the 2 min series). Both Sessions were separated by 72 hrs of rest. Compared to the Control Session responses, the findings indicate significant differences in SBP soon after the CrossFit® intervention (P=0.002) and 40 min later (P=0.021), significant differences (P = 0.042) in DBP 40 min after the CrossFit® intervention, and significant difference in MAP 40 min after the Crossfit® intervention (P=0.004). The findings indicate that it is reasonable to conclude that the dose-response curve of the exercise in hypertensive patients may be decreased starting with the first session, which will empower the result of the current study in relation to the hypotensive effect of Crossfit® in a single session. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare variables related to asymmetry, peak torque, and fatigue index in the Traditional strength training method and the Kaatsu strength training method, which is a blood flow restriction training strategy. Ten male subjects with a minimum of 12 months' experience in strength training participated in this study. It was found that while the Kaatsu method resulted in a greater loss of peak torque, its recovery was better at 24 and 48 hrs after the intervention with a higher peak torque peak versus the Traditional method. In addition, it was found that soon after the intervention, the Kaatsu method had a higher fatigue index and a greater asymmetry versus the Traditional method. The findings indicate that the Kaatsu training method promoted an increase in the concentration levels of CK, LDH, and lactate besides presenting higher values of fatigue index, and peak torque. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a traditional strength training exercise, a training tether made of rubber attached to a belt around the swimmer's waist in the water, and training only in the water without additional strength training on the performance of the 25 m and 50 m freestyle in young athletes. The subjects consisted of 24 male athletes 15 to 16 yrs of age. They were divided into 3 groups: (a) 7 swimmers tethered by a rubber device while in the water (RW); (b) 7 swimmers who did strength training (ST) program; and (c) 7 swimmers who comprised the control group (CG). The findings indicate that there was no difference in the post-test responses between the group that trained while tethered to the rubber device and the group that engaged in a traditional strength training program. But, there were differences in both groups that engaged in strength training compared to the control group at both time points (pre- and post-test). Hence, it is reasonable to conclude that both strength training methods used in this study tended to promote improvements in speed, especially for shorter distances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analysis of the Response of Blood Lactate, Blood Glucose, Peripheral Oxygen Saturation, and Heart Rate during the Trail Running Competition. JEPonline 2016;19(2):27-33. This study evaluated the response of blood lactate, HR, SpO2, and blood glucose levels during a competition in different pathways (5km and 21km) and different levels of difficulty. This study included 20 male volunteer runners who were enrolled in the trail running k21 test series, Aracaju step - SE held at Serra Itabaiana National Park. The subjects were divided into two groups according to the conducted tour: Group 5km (G5km, n = 10); and Group 21km (G21km, n = 10). There was a significant difference in all variables in both modalities, in particular, lactate 5km vs. post 21km (P ). The findings indicate that the test 5km turned out to be much more intense with an increase in blood lactate level in relation to the test of 21km. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Spinal Cord Injury is a devastating condition that compromises the individual's health, quality of life and functional independence. Rats submitted to Spinal Cord Injury were evaluated after four weeks of resistance training. Analyses of levels of muscle damage and oxidative stress surgery were performed. Resistance training demonstrated increase antioxidative activity while decreased oxidative damage in injured rats, in addition to having presented changes in the levels of muscle damage in that same group. The results highlight that resistance training promoted a decrease in oxidative stress and a significant response in muscle damage markers. Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a condition that affects the central nervous system, is characterized by motor and sensory impairments, and impacts individuals' lives. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of resistance training on oxidative stress and muscle damage in spinal cord injured rats. Methodology: Forty Wistar rats were selected and divided equally into five groups: Healthy Control (CON), Sham (SHAM) SCI Untrained group (SCI-U), SCI Trained group (SCI- T), SCI Active Trained group (SCI- AT). Animals in the trained groups were submitted to an incomplete SCI at T9. Thereafter, they performed a protocol of resistance training for four weeks. Results: Significant differences in muscle damage markers and oxidative stress in the trained groups, mainly in SCI- AT, were found. On the other hand, SCI- U group presented higher levels of oxidative stress and biomarkers of LDH and AST. Conclusion: The results highlight that resistance training promoted a decrease in oxidative stress and a significative response in muscle damage markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Up to 75% of marathon runners ingest non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) during competition. Despite the doubt whether or not they contribute to performance, the effect of NSAID in endurance sports is unclear. We evaluated the effect of ibuprofen (IBU) use on oxidative stress, muscle damage, physical performance, and vertical jump of runners participating in a 42-km-trail running. The sample consisted of 12 men randomly divided into 2 groups: a placebo group (placebo) and an ibuprofen group (IBG). A 400-mg IBU capsule was administered to the IBG 15 min prior to the start of the trial and during the course after 5 h. In the intergroup analysis, placebo 70.1% increase (p < 0.0001; Cohen's d = 4.77) of the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS); the IBG exhibited a 31.46% increase of the sulphhydryl groups (SH) (p = 0.024, Cohen's d = 0.27), 55% of squat jump (SJ) (p < 0.01; Cohen's d = 1.41) with no significant effect on creatine kinase (CK), pace, speed, and finish time. In summary, IBU had positive evidence on oxidative stress and muscle fatigue, but had no effect on physical performance and muscle damage.

This study aimed to evaluate the local temperature, lactate, and blood glucose in three strength training methods. The study included 12 male subjects; (22.15 ± 5.77 years, 76.85 ± 9.15 kg, 1.72 ± 0.09 m), with minimum of 12 months of strength training experience, and all participated in the three training methods: the occlusion training (Kaatsu); the tension training (Tension); and the traditional training (Traditional). The Kaatsu training consisted in 3 sets of 10RM with occlusion device in both arms inflated to a 130% occlusion pressure. In addition, the tension method was performed with 30% of 1RM and the traditional training, consisted in 10 repetitions with 80% RM. Regarding the temperature variation, differences were observed between the Kaatsu and Traditional methods in relation to Tension ( p = .049, η 2 p = 0.187). While for blood glucose ( p = .351, η 2 p = 0.075) and lactate ( p = .722, η 2 p = 0.022) there were no differences between the methods. Regarding the temperature (°C) measured by thermography and asymmetry, the right side showed a decrease in the post-test, in relation to the pre-test, in all methods ( p < .05, η 2 p > 0.150). The left ( p = .035, η 2 p = 0.301) and right ( p = .012, η 2 p = 0.324) sides showed a decrease in temperature, in the post-test in relation to the pre-test, in the Kaatsu and traditional method. In asymmetry, the three methods showed an increase in the post-test in relation to the pre-test ( p = .042, η 2 p = 0.158). In conclusion, tension method seems to stimulate greater heat production than the other methods. This information can help coaches to choose among these training methods according to the desired physiological response.