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Copyright of Revista Clínica de Ortodontia Dental Press is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a complex disease with higher level of IL-6. In order to elucidate the alterations related to IL-6 gene in RA, we evaluated the -174 G/C IL-6 gene polymorphism and methylation pattern of its promoter. A total of 120 RA patients and 120 healthy controls were recruited for polymorphism analysis, and 30 individuals of both groups were randomly selected for methylation analysis. The IL-6 gene polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-RFLP and methylation pattern was analyzed by MSPPCR. Regarding IL-6 gene polymorphism, no significant difference was found between RA patients and controls (P>0.05). For DNA, two CpG regions of IL-6 promoter gene was analyzed. The first region (-1069, -1061, -1057 and -1001 CpG) did not show significant differences, whereas the second region (-628, -610, -574 and -491 CpG) showed a significant hypermethylated status (P=0.0004) in RA patients as compared with controls.These results, suggest a possible relationship between methylation pattern and the susceptibility to RA in our studied population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The most commonly used Parkinson's disease (PD) treatment is the replacement of dopamine by its levodopa precursor ( l‐dopa). Monoamine oxidase‐B (MAO‐B) and catechol‐o‐methyl transferase (COMT) are enzymes involved in the metabolism and regulation of dopamine availability. In our study we investigated the possible relation among selected single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MAO‐B (rs1799836) and COMT (rs4680) genes and the therapeutic response to levodopa ( l‐dopa). A total of 162 Brazilian patients from the Pro‐Parkinson service of Clinics Hospital of Pernambuco diagnosed with sporadic PD and treated with levodopa were enrolled. PD patients were stratified into 2 groups according to the daily levodopa dose. MAO‐B and COMT SNP genotyping was conducted by polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism. After multivariate analysis, we observed a significant difference between PD groups for the following variables: sex (P = .02), longer duration of disease (P = .02), longer levodopa therapy duration (P = .01), younger onset of PD (P = .01), and use of COMT inhibitor (P = .02). We observed that patients carrying MAO‐B (rs1799836) A and AA genotypes and COMT (rs4680) LL genotype suffered more frequently from levodopa‐induced‐dyskinesia. In addition, we found an increased risk of 2.84‐fold for male individuals carrying the MAO‐B G allele to be treated with higher doses of levodopa (P = .04). We concluded that before beginning PD pharmacological treatment, it is important to consider the genetic variants of the MAO‐B and COMT genes and the sex, reinforcing the evidence that sexual dimorphism in the genes related to dopamine metabolism might affect PD treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dental Press Implantology is the property of Dental Press International and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clinica Integrada is the property of Pesquisa Brasileira em Odontopediatria e Clinica Integrada Journal (Brazil) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) is an important protein of the innate immune system. It is able to bind to sugar groups encountered on the surfaces of a wide range of microorganisms and interacts with serine proteases (MASPs) to effect the activation of complement. Mutations of the expressed human MBL2 gene have been associated with several infections; this preliminary study thus sets out to assess the association between the polymorphism in exon-1 of the MBL2 gene and periodontal disease in type 2 diabetic patients. Material and Methods: The sample comprised 50 diabetic patients, who were submitted to a clinical periodontal examination that evaluated in six sites per tooth probing depth, bleeding on probing, clinical recession, dental plaque and the number of teeth present. Periodontal disease was defined as 4+ sites of loss of attachment of 5+ mm, with one or more of those sites having a pocket of 4+ mm (Beck's criteria). The collection of scaling cells from the oral mucosa was carried out and the detection of polymorphism was made by the technique of real time PCR (RT-PCR) using the melting temperature curve analysis. Results: The data revealed that no statistically significant differences in the genotype (p=0.564) or the allele (p=0.643) frequencies were observed among the healthy individuals or those with periodontitis. Conclusions: The polymorphism in exon-1 of the MBL2 gene was not related to the periodontal disease in the sample evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Stomatologica Croatica is the property of Acta Stomatologica Croatica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: To determine the prevalence of HPV-induced lesions in the anal canal of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 2/3., Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from December 2008 to June 2009, in Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Only women with grade 2/3 CIN were included, and those who could not undergo anoscopy during their first visit were excluded. A cyttobrush was used for sample collection in order to identify HPV DNA through PCR and anal cytology. An anal biopsy was obtained in cases of abnormal anal cytology or major alterations in high resolution anoscopy (HRA)., Results: Thirty-two percent (n=37/115) of HRA were normal and 63.5% (n=73/115) showed acetowhite epithelium. Twenty-two percent (n=26/115) of anal cytologies were abnormal. Among the latter, 12.2% (n=14/26) were low-grade anal intraepithelial lesions and 3.4% (n=4/26) were high-grade anal intraepithelial lesions. Twenty-two anal biopsies were performed, 13.7% of which (n=3/22) were grade 2 anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN2) and 9% (n=2/22) were grade 3 AIN. Th HPV DNA was identified in 72.1% of cases (n=83/115)., Conclusion: Women with CIN grade 2/3 showed a high prevalence of anal HPV infection and HPV-induced lesions.

Purpose: to compare three methods for the detection of HPV infection and to determine the prevalence of the genotypes found., Methods: a total of 120 cervical scrape samples from patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia were analyzed by the conventional polymerase chain reaction using the MY09/11 and GP05+/06+ primers, and by the Nested polymerase chain reaction. The samples were subjected to DNA amplification with the GH20 and PC04 primers (β-globin) to verify DNA quality and also by polymerase chain reaction and Nested polymerase chain reaction. The amplicons were visualized in 1.2% agarose gel stained with Blue Green Loading Dye I. Positive samples also were sequenced using the automatic DNA sequencer "MegaBACE 1000". The Χ2 and Fisher tests were used for statistical analysis with the level of significance set at 5%., Results: fifteen samples were eliminated from the study because they failed to amplify the β-globin gene. Of the remaining samples, 40% (42/105) were positive using primers MY09/11, 98% (103/105) using primers GP05+/06+, and 92% (97/105) using Nested-PCR. With the MY09/11 and GP05+/06+ techniques, it was possible to obtain 100% HPV-positive samples. In this study, the prevalence of the genotypes found was 57, 23, 5, 4 and 3% for HPV genotypes 16, 18, 31, 33 and 56, respectively. HPVs 67 and 83 were present in 2%, and genotypes 6, 11, 58 and candHPV85 were present in 1% each. The prevalence of the more common genotypes (HPV 16 and 18) in this study agrees with that reported worldwide (IC95%=0.4657-0.8976)., Conclusions: to obtain more reliable results, it is necessary the use of more than one primer system to detect HPV infections. We believe that the three techniques studied are important and suitable for the clinical diagnosis of HPV, when they are appropriately combined.

Over 100 different genotypes of human papillomavirus (HPV) have been isolated to date, while Chlamydia trachomatis is the most common bacterial sexually-transmitted pathogen. This review considers evidence that C. trachomatis infection became a cofactor for HPV establishment and the development of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia., ((c) 2009 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Recent developments in molecular methods have revolutionized the detection and characterization of microorganisms in a broad range of medical diagnostic fields, including virology, mycology, parasitology, microbiology and dentistry. Among these methods, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) has generated great benefits and allowed scientific advancements. PCR is an excellent technique for the rapid detection of pathogens, including those difficult to culture. Along with conventional PCR techniques, Real-Time PCR has emerged as a technological innovation and is playing an ever-increasing role in clinical diagnostics and research laboratories. Due to its capacity to generate both qualitative and quantitative results, Real-Time PCR is considered a fast and accurate platform. The aim of the present literature review is to explore the clinical usefulness and potential of both conventional PCR and Real-Time PCR assays in diverse medical fields, addressing its main uses and advances.

Spermadhesins are the major proteins of boar seminal plasma and form a group of polypeptides probably involved in reproduction. In previous work, a member of the spermadhesin family from buck seminal plasma, called BSFP, was characterized by mass spectrometry and N-terminal sequencing. The present study aimed to clone and characterize the BSFP gene and investigate its expression along the genital tract using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The cDNAs of the seminal vesicle, testis, epididymis, bulbourethral gland, and ductus deferens were prepared from a buck. Following 3'- and 5'-end amplifications using seminal vesicle cDNA, we cloned and sequenced four highly similar (97-98%) nucleotide sequences encoding spermadhesins, which were named Bodhesin-1(Bdh-1), Bdh-2, Bdh-3, and Bdh-4. All deduced amino acid sequences contained the CUB domain signature and were 49-52% similar to boar AWN. Among the four Bdh amino acid sequences, Bdh-2 was the most similar to the BSFP N-terminal fragment. By using real-time PCR, it was verified specific amplifications for all Bdh in the seminal vesicle, testis, epididymis, and bulbourethral gland, with the exception of Bdh-2 in epididymis. The amplicons had a melting temperature and size of approximately 78 degrees C and 130 bp, respectively. Bdh expression was higher in the seminal vesicle when compared to the other tissues. The present work confirms that goat is the fifth mammalian species, after pig, cattle, horse, and sheep, in which spermadhesin molecules are found. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on buck spermadhesin genes using molecular cloning and expression profile., ((c) 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.)