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The objective of this study was to evaluate a method of targeted selective treatment (TST) of Morada Nova lambs, based on the average daily weight gain (DWG). For this, 114 lambs in the rainy and 102 in the dry season were randomized into three treatments: control (CT), routine (RT, treated every 42 days), and targeted selective (TST, treated according to DWG). Packed cell volume (PCV) and eggs per gram of feces (EPG) tests were performed. The anthelmintic resistance of parasites was assessed by the EPG count reduction test (FECRT), RESISTA-Test © , and molecular test. For CT, RT, and TST groups, the following results were obtained: mean EPG values were 4665.1, 3063.5, and 3462.1 in the rainy season and 4475.1, 1341.7, and 2863.4 in the dry season, respectively; mean PCV values were 32.1, 33.4, and 32.3% in the rainy season and 33.9, 36.0, and 35.1% in the dry season; mean DWG readings were 0.087, 0.101, and 0.094 kg in the rainy season and 0.102, 0.113, and 0.112 kg in the dry season; efficacies of levamisole in FECRT were 66.4, 24.1, and 76.4% in the rainy and 90.7, 12.4, and 64.8% in the dry season, respectively; in the RESISTA-Test © , the LC 50 values were 0.482, 1.926, and 0.117 µg.mL -1 in the rainy and 0.437, 0.851, and 0.045 µg.mL -1 in the dry season, respectively; the frequencies of the homozygous-resistant genotype were 57.1, 71.4, and 40.0% in the rainy and 47.8, 55.9, and 41.9% in the dry season. In conclusion, TST reduced the development of resistance through refugia maintenance, without productive losses, contributing to the sustainability of sheep breeding., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The success of vaccination programs depends on the level of acceptance of the vaccine to achieve high vaccine coverage rates (VCR). Vaccine hesitancy is a challenge, especially concerning new vaccines. Dengue vaccine, Dengvaxia®, was licensed in Brazil in 2015 and implemented, in a pioneering publicly-funded initiative in the state of Paraná, between 2016 and 2018. The vaccination program took place in five phases in the 30 municipalities most affected by dengue in the state, targeting individuals from nine to 44 years-old in two cities and from 15 to 27 years-old in the other 28 municipalities, totaling a target population of 500,000 individuals. A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out to assess VCR and adherence to the dengue vaccine in this program. VCR, dropout ratio (DR), and compliance with the vaccination schedule (CVS) were analyzed by sex, age group, and municipality size. A total of 302,603 individuals (60.5%) received ≥ 1 dose, 44.2% received ≥ 2 doses, and 28.6% 3 doses. The DR was 52.8%. Among individuals who started vaccination, 40.6% achieved CVS. The highest VCR, highest CVS, and lowest DR occurred in the age group from 9 to 14 years old and from 28 to 44 years old and in smaller municipalities. A greater proportion of men started vaccination (male 64.0%; female 57.1%) however, the DR was higher in men (male 55.4%; female 49.9%), and a higher percentage of women completed the vaccination schedule according to the recommendations (CVS male 37.8%; female 43.6%). Differences were noted in the CVS according to the initial phase of the program (first phase 50.8%; second phase 18.8%). The heterogeneity in vaccine uptake and compliance according to sex, age, and municipality size suggests the need for differentiated strategies to address challenges with new and multiple-dose vaccines., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests: [This study was funded by Sanofi Pasteur which participated in the initial revision of the manuscript. The authors had the ultimate responsibility for the analysis, data interpretation, final revision, and for the decision to send for publication.], (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)