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Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is a retrovirus associated with diseases with broad clinical conditions. HTLV-1 infection is not curable, it is asymptomatic in most carriers, and its diagnosis is rarely made early. Brazil has a large number of operators, however, it does not have effective programs to contain the transmission of the virus. Few studies on the subject are done in depth, which contributes to the poor delay in the progression of degenerations associated with HTLV-1. The lack of information, even from health professionals, makes therapy even more difficult. The study aims to recognize the importance of HTLV-1 infection in the context of Public Health in Brazil through a research of an observational nature, with a descriptive approach, technical procedures for bibliographical and narrative review, with a cross-section on the development of Time. We analyzed and extracted information on pathogenesis, epidemiology, forms of transmission, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, infection prevention and HTLV-1 associated diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the presence of norovirus (NoV) GI and GII in environmental samples from the northern region of Brazil. Water samples were collected monthly (November 2008/October 2010) from different sources and sewage and concentrated by the adsorption-elution method. The NoV investigation used molecular methods followed by sequencing reactions. The general positivity for NoV was 33.9% (57/168). Considering the results obtained only in the semi-nested RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) and only in the TaqMan® real-time PCR, the rates were 26.8% (45/168) and 27.4% (46/168), respectively, being for NoV GI 22.2% (10/45) and 19.6% (9/46); for GII 17.8% (8/45) and 15.2% (7/46); and for GI þ GII 60% (27/45) and 65.2% (30/46), respectively. Different GI (GI.1, GI.4, GI.7 and GI.8) and GII (GII.4, GII.6, GII.9, GII.12 and GII.14) genotypes were detected. These results demonstrated the NoV was disseminated in the waters of Belém city due to a lack of sanitation that allowed the discharge of contaminated effluents into these aquatic ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Dermatological manifestations affect 5% of patients with human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV)., Methods: Thirteen patients with inflammatory or lymphoproliferative dermatological diseases, both HTLV-positive and HTLV-negative, were selected for treatment with ultraviolet B narrowband (UVB-NB) phototherapy. Clinical and histopathological evaluations were conducted before and after 120 d of phototherapy., Results: All seven HTLV-positive patients evaluated were type 1. Clinical evaluation showed improvement in all 13 patients. In the histopathological examination, all patients with lymphoproliferative diseases and five with inflammatory diseases showed regression in most of the assessed parameters., Conclusions: The present research suggests that UVB-NB phototherapy is a promising treatment for lymphoproliferative and inflammatory skin diseases in HTLV-1 patients., (© The Author(s) 2025. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.)

Background: HTLV-1 is a retrovirus that causes lymphoproliferative disorders and inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system in humans. The prevalence of this infection is high in parts of Brazil and there is a general lack of public health care programs. As a consequence, official data on the transmission routes of this virus are scarce., Objective: To demonstrate familial aggregation of HTLV infections in the metropolitan region of Belém, Pará, Brazil., Method: A cross-sectional study involving 85 HTLV carriers treated at an outpatient clinic and other family members. The subjects were tested by ELISA and molecular methods between February 2007 and December 2010., Results: The prevalence of HTLV was 43.5% (37/85) for families and 25.6% (58/227) for the family members tested (95% CI: 1.33 to 3.79, P = 0.0033). Sexual and vertical transmission was likely in 38.3% (23/60) and 20.4% (29/142) of pairs, respectively (95% CI: 1.25 to 4.69, P = 0.0130). Positivity was 51.3% (20/39) and 14.3% (3/21) in wives and husbands, respectively (95% CI: 0.04 to 0.63, P = 0.0057). By age group, seropositivity was 8.0% (7/88) in subjects <30 years of age and 36.7% (51/139) in those of over 30 years (95% CI: 0.06 to 0.34, P<0.0001). Positivity was 24.1% (7/29) in the children of patients infected with HTLV-2, as against only 5.8% (4/69) of those infected with HTLV-1 (95% CI: 0.05 to 0.72, P = 0.0143)., Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the existence of familial aggregations of HTLV characterized by a higher prevalence of infection among wives and subjects older than 30 years. Horizontal transmission between spouses was more frequent than vertical transmission. The higher rate of infection in children of HTLV-2 carriers suggests an increase in the prevalence of this virus type in the metropolitan region of Belém.