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13. Combining thermo-kinematic and mechanical modelling on thrust faults - a quantitative approach to crustal deformation history: Case study from SE Tibet

Author

Pitard, Paul, primary, Replumaz, Anne, additional, Doin, Marie-Pierre, additional, Thieulot, Cédric, additional, Chevalier, Marie-Luce, additional, Leloup, Philippe Hervé, additional, de Sigoyer, Julia, additional, Bai, Mingkun, additional, Haibing, Li, additional, and Balvay, Mélanie, additional

Published
2021
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15. Exhumation of the ultrahigh-pressure Tso Morari unit in eastern Ladakh (NW Himalaya): a case study

Author

de Sigoyer, Julia, Guillot, Stephane, and Dick, Pierre

Subjects
Himalaya Mountains -- Research, Geochronology, Earth sciences
Abstract

[1] Exhumation processes of the ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) Tso Morari dome (NW Himalaya) are investigated using structural, petrological, and geochronological data. The UHP Tso Morari unit is bounded by the low-grade metamorphic Indus Suture Zone to the NE and Mata unit to the SW. Three deformation phases (D1, D2, and D3) are observed. Only D3 is common to the UHP unit and surrounding units. In the UHP unit, the first deformation phase (D1) produced upright folds, under eclogitic conditions (>20 kbar; 580 [+ or -] 60[degrees]C). D1 is overprinted by D2 structures related to a NW-SE trending open anticline. D2 is characterized by blueschist mineral associations, and corresponds to the quasi-isothermal decompression from a depth of 90 km up to 30-40 km. The final exhumation phase of the Tso Morari unit is dominated by tectonic denudation and erosion (D3), associated with a slight temperature increase. Radiochronologieal analyses indicate that the UHP exhumation process began during the Eocene. Exhumation was fast during D1-D2 and slowed down through D3 during the Oligocene. The change in the deformation style from D1-D2 to D3 in the Tso Morari unit coincides with changes in the exhumation rates and in the metamorphic conditions. These changes may reflect the transition from an exhumation along the subduction plane in a serpentinized wedge, to the vertical uplift of the Tso Morari unit across the upper crust. INDEX TERMS: 8110 Tectonophysics: Continental tectonics--general (0905); 3660 Mineralogy and Petrology: Metamorphic petrology; 8015 Structural Geology: Local crustal structure; 9320 Information Related to Geographic Region: Asia; KEYWORDS: exhumation processes, ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism, Himalaya, horizontal shortening, folding, India-Asia convergence. Citation: de Sigoyer, J., S. Guillot, and P. Dick (2004), Exhumation of the ultrahigh-pressure Tso Morari unit in eastern Ladakh (NW Himalaya): A case study, Tectonics, 23, TC3003, doi:10.1029/2002TC001492.

Published
2004

17. Dating the Indian continental subduction and collisional thickening in the northwest Himalaya: Multichronology of the Tso Morari eclogites

Author

De Sigoyer, Julia, Chavagnac, Valerie, Blichert-Toft, Janne, Villa, Igor M., Luais, Beatrice, Guillot, Stephane, Cosca, Michael, and Mascle, Georges

Subjects
Himalaya Mountains -- Natural history, Subduction zones (Geology) -- Research, Plate tectonics -- Research, Earth -- Crust, Earth sciences
Abstract

Multichronometric studies of the low-temperature eclogitic Tso Morari unit (Ladakh, India) place timing constraints on the early evolution of the northwest Himalayan belt. Several isotopic systems have been used to date the eclogitization and the exhumation of the Tso Morari unit: Lu-Hf, Sm-Nd, Rb-Sr, and Ar-Ar.A ca. 55 Ma age for the eclogitization has been obtained by Lu-Hf on garnet, omphacite, and whole rock from mafic eclogite and by Sm-Nd on garnet, glaucophane, and whole rock from high-pressure metapelites. These results agree with a previously reported U-Pb age on allanite, and together these ages constrain the subduction of the Indian continental margin at the Paleocene-Eocene boundary. During exhumation, the Tso Morari rocks underwent thermal relaxation at about 9 +/- 3 kbar, characterized by partial recrystallization under amphibolite facies conditions ca. 47 Ma, as dated by Sm-Nd on garnet, calcic amphibole, and whole rock from metabasalt, Rb-Sr on phengite, apatite, and whole rock, and At-At on medium-Si phengite from metapelites. Ar-Ar analyses of biotite and low-Si muscovite from metapelites, which recrystallized at Keywords: Indian subduction, radiochronology, eclogites, exhumation rate, Himalaya.

Published
2000

18. Influence of dissolution/reprecipitation reactions on metamorphic greenschist to amphibolite facies mica 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages in the Longmen Shan (eastern Tibet)

Author

Airaghi, Laura, Warren, Clare J., De Sigoyer, Julia, Lanari, Pierre, and Magnin, Valérie

Subjects
550 Earth sciences & geology
Abstract

Linking ages to metamorphic stages in rocks that have experienced low‐ to medium‐grade metamorphism can be particularly tricky due to the rarity of index minerals and the preservation of mineral or compositional relicts. The timing of metamorphism and the Mesozoic exhumation of the metasedimentary units and crystalline basement that form the internal part of the Longmen Shan (eastern Tibet, Sichuan, China), are, for these reasons, still largely unconstrained, but crucial for understanding the regional tectonic evolution of eastern Tibet. In situ core‐rim 40Ar/39Ar biotite and U–Th/Pb allanite data show that amphibolite facies conditions (~10–11 kbar, 530°C to 6–7 kbar, 580°C) were reached at 210–180 Ma and that biotite records crystallization, rather than cooling, ages. These conditions are mainly recorded in the metasedimentary cover. The 40Ar/39Ar ages obtained from matrix muscovite that partially re‐equilibrated during the post peak‐P metamorphic history comprise a mixture of ages between that of early prograde muscovite relicts and the timing of late muscovite recrystallization at c. 140–120 Ma. This event marks a previously poorly documented greenschist facies metamorphic overprint. This latest stage is also recorded in the crystalline basement, and defines the timing of the greenschist overprint (7 ± 1 kbar, 370 ± 35°C). Numerical models of Ar diffusion show that the difference between 40Ar/39Ar biotite and muscovite ages cannot be explained by a slow and protracted cooling in an open system. The model and petrological results rather suggest that biotite and muscovite experienced different Ar retention and resetting histories. The Ar record in mica of the studied low‐ to medium‐grade rocks seems to be mainly controlled by dissolution–reprecipitation processes rather than by diffusive loss, and by different microstructural positions in the sample. Together, our data show that the metasedimentary cover was thickened and cooled independently from the basement prior to c. 140 Ma (with a relatively fast cooling at 4.5 ± 0.5°C/Ma between 185 and 140 Ma). Since the Lower Cretaceous, the metasedimentary cover and the crystalline basement experienced a coherent history during which both were partially exhumed. The Mesozoic history of the Eastern border of the Tibetan plateau is therefore complex and polyphase, and the basement was actively involved at least since the Early Cretaceous, changing our perspective on the contribution of the Cenozoic geology.

Published
2018
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24. The Longriqu fault zone, eastern Tibetan Plateau: Segmentation and Holocene behavior

Author

Ansberque, Claire, Bellier, Olivier, Godard, Vincent, Lasserre, Cécile, Wang, Mingming, Braucher, Regis, Talon, Brigitte, de Sigoyer, Julia, Xu, Xiwei, Bourlès, Didier, Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Chengdu University of Technology (CDUT), SOBEN SAS, Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), Unité de Biologie Fonctionnelle et Adaptative (BFA (UMR_8251 / U1133)), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)

Subjects
[SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes
Abstract

International audience; The dextral Longriba fault system (LFS), ~300 km long and constituting of two fault zones, has recently been recognized as an important structure of the eastern Tibetan plateau (Sichuan province), as it accommodates a significant amount of the deformation induced by the ongoing Indo-Asian collision. Although previous paleoseismological investigations highlighted its high seismogenic potential, no systematic quantification of the dextral displacements along the fault system has been undertaken so far. As such information is essential to appraise fault behavior, we propose here a first detailed analysis of the segmentation of the Longriqu fault, the northern fault zone of the LFS, and an offset inventory of morphological features along the fault, using high-resolution Pleiades satellite images. We identify six major segments forming a mature fault zone. Offsets inventory suggests a characteristic coseismic displacement of ~4 m. Two alluvial fans, with minimum ages of 6.7 and 13.2 ka, respectively displaced by 23 ± 7 m and 40 ± 5 m, give an estimate of the maximal horizontal slip rate on the Longriqu fault of 3.2 ± 1.1 mm yr À1. As a result, a minimum ~1340 year time interval between earthquakes is expected.

Published
2016

28. Tectonic evolution of the Betic–Rif arc: New constraints from 40Ar/39Ar dating on white micas in the Temsamane units (External Rif, northern Morocco)

Author

Negro, François, De Sigoyer Julia, Goffé, Bruno, Saddiqi, Omar, and Villa, Igor M

Abstract

The Betic–Rif orogen, at the western end of the Mediterranean, is a key region to improve our knowledge on the Africa–Eurasia convergence. The Temsamane units, in spite of their external position in the Rif (northern Morocco), underwent medium-pressure low-temperature (MP–LT) conditions (ca. 7–9 kbar; 330–430 °C). We propose a new tectonic and metamorphic evolution scenario for the Rif (southern) branch of the orogen on the basis of first 40Ar/39Ar dating on petrologically and structurally characterized white micas. Three groups of 40Ar/39Ar ages are observed: (1) Chattian or older Si-rich (highest-pressure) mica relics, (2) 15–12.5 Ma corresponding to the micas defining the foliation and (3) Messinian or younger late micas and alteration. We propose that the MP–LT metamorphic event in the External Rif is Oligocene in age, highlighting a subduction event during this period which could be almost contemporaneous with the burial of HP–LT units from the internal Rif (Alboran Domain). The exhumation of these units characterized by an intense E–W stretching and by top-to-the-west shear senses, is Middle to Late Miocene in age. We propose a correlation of tectonic and metamorphic events at the Betic–Rif arc scale. We argue that the exhumation of the external units of the Rif (1) is younger than that of the Alboran Domain (internal) unit of the Rif, and mirrors a different tectonic setting, but (2) strongly resembles to that documented in the lower Alboran Domain units of the Betics. We show that a regional E–W extension is recorded on both sides of the Betic–Rif arc during the Middle Miocene. This extension probably reflects back-arc deformation of an eastward dipping subduction that retreated westward during the Middle to Late Miocene in the Western Mediterranean.

Published
2013

29. Influence of dissolution/reprecipitation reactions on metamorphic greenschist to amphibolite facies mica 40Ar/39Ar ages in the Longmen Shan (eastern Tibet).

Author

Airaghi, Laura, Warren, Clare J., de Sigoyer, Julia, Lanari, Pierre, and Magnin, Valérie

Subjects
METAMORPHIC rocks, MESOZOIC Era, AMPHIBOLITES, PLATE tectonics, CRYSTALLIZATION
Abstract

Abstract: Linking ages to metamorphic stages in rocks that have experienced low‐ to medium‐grade metamorphism can be particularly tricky due to the rarity of index minerals and the preservation of mineral or compositional relicts. The timing of metamorphism and the Mesozoic exhumation of the metasedimentary units and crystalline basement that form the internal part of the Longmen Shan (eastern Tibet, Sichuan, China), are, for these reasons, still largely unconstrained, but crucial for understanding the regional tectonic evolution of eastern Tibet. In situ core‐rim 40Ar/39Ar biotite and U–Th/Pb allanite data show that amphibolite facies conditions (~10–11 kbar, 530°C to 6–7 kbar, 580°C) were reached at 210–180 Ma and that biotite records crystallization, rather than cooling, ages. These conditions are mainly recorded in the metasedimentary cover. The 40Ar/39Ar ages obtained from matrix muscovite that partially re‐equilibrated during the post peak‐P metamorphic history comprise a mixture of ages between that of early prograde muscovite relicts and the timing of late muscovite recrystallization at c. 140–120 Ma. This event marks a previously poorly documented greenschist facies metamorphic overprint. This latest stage is also recorded in the crystalline basement, and defines the timing of the greenschist overprint (7 ± 1 kbar, 370 ± 35°C). Numerical models of Ar diffusion show that the difference between 40Ar/39Ar biotite and muscovite ages cannot be explained by a slow and protracted cooling in an open system. The model and petrological results rather suggest that biotite and muscovite experienced different Ar retention and resetting histories. The Ar record in mica of the studied low‐ to medium‐grade rocks seems to be mainly controlled by dissolution–reprecipitation processes rather than by diffusive loss, and by different microstructural positions in the sample. Together, our data show that the metasedimentary cover was thickened and cooled independently from the basement prior to c. 140 Ma (with a relatively fast cooling at 4.5 ± 0.5°C/Ma between 185 and 140 Ma). Since the Lower Cretaceous, the metasedimentary cover and the crystalline basement experienced a coherent history during which both were partially exhumed. The Mesozoic history of the Eastern border of the Tibetan plateau is therefore complex and polyphase, and the basement was actively involved at least since the Early Cretaceous, changing our perspective on the contribution of the Cenozoic geology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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30. Three-dimensional surface displacement of the 2008 May 12 Sichuan earthquake (China) derived from Synthetic Aperture Radar: evidence for rupture on a blind thrust

Author

De Michele, Marcello, Raucoules, Daniel, De Sigoyer, Julia, Pubellier, Manuel, Chamot-Rooke, Nicolas, Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGE), and École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)

Subjects
[SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Satellite geodesy, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Seismicity and tectonics, Intra-plate processes, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; The Sichuan earthquake,Mw7.9, struck the Longmen Shan (LMS) range front,China, on 2008 May 12, affecting an area of moderate historical seismicity where little active shortening has been previously reported. Recent studies based on space geodesy have succeeded in retrieving the far field surface displacements caused by the earthquake, but the near field (±25 km from the faults) coseismic surface displacement is still poorly constrained. Thus, shallow fault geometry and shallow coseismic slip are still poorly resolved. Here, for the first time for this earthquake, we combine C and L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar offsets data from ascending and descending tracks to invert for the 3-D surface displacement in the near coseismic field of the Sichuan earthquake. Our data, coupled with a simple elastic dislocation model, provide new results strongly suggesting the presence of a blind thrust striking along the range front and being active at depth during the earthquake. The presence of a rupture on a blind thrust brings new evidence for an out-of-sequence thrusting event and new elements for interpreting the tectonic strain partitioning in the LMS, which has important implications both for seismic hazard assessment and long-term evolution of the mountain belt.

Published
2010

31. Three dimensional surface displacement of the Sichuan earthquake (Mw 7.9, China) from Synthetic Aperture Radar

Author

De Michele, Marcello, Raucoules, Daniel, De Sigoyer, Julia, Pubellier, Manuel, Lasserre, Cécile, Pathier, Erwan, Klinger, Yann, Van Der Woerd, Jerome, Chamot-Rooke, Nicolas, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Laboratoire de Géophysique Interne et Tectonophysique (LGIT), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de physique du globe de Strasbourg (IPGS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EGU, Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institut des Sciences de la Terre [2011-2015] (ISTerre [2011-2015]), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble [1985-2015] (OSUG [1985-2015]), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)

Subjects
[SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences
Abstract

International audience; The Sichuan earthquake, Mw 7.9, struck the Longmen Shan range front, in the western Sichuan province, China, on 12 May 2008. It severely affected an area where little historical seismicity and little or no significant active shortening were reported before the earthquake (e.g. Gu et al., 1989; Chen et al., 1994; Gan et al., 2007). The Longmen Shan thrust system bounds the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau and is considered as a transpressive zone since Triassic time that was reactivated during the India-Asia collision (e.g., Tapponnier and Molnar, 1977, Chen andWilson 1996; Arne et al., 1997, Godard et al., 2009). However, contrasting geological evidences of sparse thrusting and marked dextral strike-slip faulting during the Quaternary along with high topography (Burchfiel et al., 1995; Densmore et al., 2007) have led to models of dynamically driven and sustained topography (Royden et al., 1997) limiting the role of earthquakes in relief building and leaving the mechanism of long term strain distribution in this area as an open question. Here we combine C and L band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) offsets data from ascending and descending paths to retrieve the three dimensional surface displacement distribution all along the earthquake ruptures of the Sichuan earthquake. For the first time on this earthquake we present near field 3D co-seismic surface displacement, which is an important datum for constraining modelled fault geometry at depth. Our results complement other Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and field analyses in indicating that crustal shortening is one of the main drivers for topography building in the Longmen Shan (Liu-Zeng, 2009; Shen et al., 2009; Hubbard and Shaw, 2009). Moreover, our results put into evidence a small but significant amount of displacement in the range front that we interpret as due to slip at depth on a blind structure. We verify this hypothesis by inverting the data against a simple elastic dislocation model.We discuss this result and its implications for understanding strain partitioning during the Sichuan earthquake.

Published
2010

32. Exhumation of the ultra high-pressure Tso Morari unit in eastern Ladakh (NW Himalaya): a case study

Author

De Sigoyer, Julia, Guillot, Stéphane, Dick, Pierre, Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géodynamique des Chaines Alpines (LGCA), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Géologie et d'Hydrogéologie, Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble [1985-2015] (OSUG [1985-2015]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut des Sciences de la Terre [2011-2015] (ISTerre [2011-2015]), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-PRES Université de Grenoble-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry
Abstract

Exhumation processes of the ultra-high pressure (UHP) Tso Morari dome (NW-Himalaya) are investigated using structural, petrological and geochronological data. The UHP Tso Morari unit is bounded by the low-grade metamorphic Indus Suture Zone to the NE and Mata unit to the SW. Three deformation phases (D1, D2 and D3) are observed. Only D3 is common to the UHP unit and the surrounding units. In the UHP unit, the first deformation phase (D1) produced upright folds, under eclogitic conditions (> 20 kbar; 580 ± 60 °C). D1 is overprinted by D2 structures related to a NW-SE trending open anticline. This phase is characterized by blueschist mineral associations, and corresponds to the quasi-isothermal decompression from a depth of 90 km (eclogitic conditions) up to 30-40 km. The final exhumation phase of the Tso Morari unit is dominated by tectonic denudation and erosion (D3), associated with a slight temperature increase. Radiochronological analyses indicate that the UHP exhumation process began during the Eocene. Exhumation was fast during D1-D2 and slowed down through D3 in Oligocene time. The change in the deformation style from D1-D2 to D3 in the Tso Morari unit coincides with changes in the exhumation rates and in the metamorphic conditions. These changes may reflect the transition from an exhumation along the subduction plane in a serpentinized wedge, to the vertical uplift of the Tso Morari unit across the upper crust.

Published
2004

34. Reconstructing the total shortening history of the NW Himalaya

Author

Guillot, Stéphane, Garzanti, Eduardo, Baratoux, David, Marquer, Didier, Mahéo, Gweltaz, De Sigoyer, Julia, Laboratoire de Géodynamique des Chaines Alpines (LGCA), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dipartimento di Scienze Geologiche e Geotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Dynamique terrestre et planétaire (DTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de Géosciences, Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire de Sciences de la Terre (LST), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut des Sciences de la Terre (ISTerre), Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-PRES Université de Grenoble-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR219-Institut Français des Sciences et Technologies des Transports, de l'Aménagement et des Réseaux (IFSTTAR), Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département des Géosciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry
Abstract

The onset of India-Asia contact can be dated with both biostratigraphic analysis of syn-collisional sedimentary successions deposited on each side of the Indus Suture zone, and by radiometric dating of Indian crustal rocks which have undergone subduction to great depths in the earliest subduction-collision stages. These data, together with paleomagnetic data show that the initial contact of the Indian and Asian continental margins occurred at the Paleocene/Eocene boundary, corresponding to 55 ± 2 Ma. Such dating, which is consistent with all available geological evidence, including the record of magnetic anomalies in the Indian ocean and decrease of magmatic activity related to oceanic subduction can thus be considered as accurate and robust. The sedimentary record of the Tethys Himalaya rules out obduction of oceanic allochtons directly onto the Indian continental margin during the Late Cretaceous. The commonly inferred Late Cretaceous ophiolite obduction events may have thus occurred in intra-oceanic setting close to the Asian margin before its final emplacement onto the India margin during the Eocene. Granitoid and sedimentary rocks of the Indian crust, deformed during Permo-Carboniferous rifting, reached a depth of some 100 km about 1 Myr after the final closure of the Neo-Tethys, and began to be exhumed between 50 and 45 Ma. At this stage, the foreland basin sediments from Pakistan to India show significant supply from volcanic arcs and ophiolites of the Indus Suture Zone, indicating the absence of significant relief along the proto-Himalayan belt. Inversion of motion may have occurred within only 5 to 10 Myr after the collision onset, as soon as thicker and buoyant Indian crust chocked the subduction zone. The arrival of thick Indian crust within the convergent zone 50-45 Myr ago led to progressive stabilization of the India/Asia convergent rate and rapid stabilization of the Himalayan shortening rate of about 2 cm.yr-1. This first period also corresponds to the onset of terrestrial detrital sedimentation within the Indus Suture zone and to the Barrovian metamorphism on the Indian side of the collision zone. Equilibrium of the Himalayan thrust belt in terms of amount of shortening vs amount of erosion and thermal stabilization less than 10 Myr after the initial India/Asia contact is defined as the collisional regime. In contrast, the first 5 to 10 Myr corresponds to the transition from oceanic subduction to continental collision, characterized by a marked decrease of the shortening rate, onset of aerial topography, and progressive heating of the convergent zone. This period is defined as the continental subduction phase, accommodating more than 30% of the total Himalayan shortening.

Published
2003

35. Mécanismes d'exhumation des roches de haute pression basse température en contexte de convergence continentale : Tso Morari, NO Himalaya

Author

Bernardy (de) de Sigoyer, Julia and Talour, Pascale

Subjects
Géochronologie, Pétrologie, [SDU.STU.PE] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Petrography, métamorphisme, Subduction
Abstract

Au travers de l'étude pétrologique, géochronologique et structurale du dôme éclogitique du Tso Morari (E-Ladakh, Himalaya), les processus d'exhumation des roches de HP-BT sont discutés. La découverte d'éclogites à glaucophane, de métasédiments à jadéite-chloritoïde et de métagranites éclogitisés, implique la subduction du dôme du Tso Morari à plus de 70 km de profondeur (20 ± 3 kbar ; 580 ± 50°C). Son exhumation s'accompagne d'une décompression quasi-isothermale jusqu'à 40-30 km. Puis elle est associée à une augmentation de température (630 ± 30°C), et s'achève dans le faciès des Schistes Verts. Les unités adjacentes au dôme du Tso Morari sont peu métarmorphiques (faciès Schistes Verts ) et de nature différente. La chimie des basaltes montre une origine d'avant arc pour l'ophiolite de Nidar et d'OIB pour les unités de Drakkarpo et Ribil ; les roches basiques du Tso Morari sont au contraire des tholéiites continentales. L'origine indienne du Tso Morari est confirmée par les âges des orthogneisses à 458-457 Ma en Sm/Nd et Rb/Sr. La subduction de la marge indienne, est datée à 60-55 Ma par U-Pb et Lu-Hf. L'exhumation débute rapidement (≥ 4mm.an-1) entre 55 ± 7 Ma (Sm-Nd sur Grt-Gln-RT) et 48-45 Ma (Rb/Sr et 39Ar/40Ar sur des métapélites rétromorphosées), en contexte de subduction. L'exhumation se poursuit plus lentement (≈ 2 mm.an-1) de 48-45 Ma à 30 ± 1 Ma (âges 39Ar/40Ar sur micas), en contexte de collisions. Les structures (D1-D2), liées à l'extrusion verticale du dôme, sont indépendantes de celles des unités adjacentes. La transition entre D1, témoin d'un raccourcissement horizontal, et de D3 associé à du raccourcissement vertical , passe par un régime de déformation en constriction (D2). Les changements pétrologiques, structuraux et géochronologiques sont corrélés à des changements de géométrie à l'échelle des plaques. L'exhumation du Tso Morari débute par extrusion verticale à travers le coin mantéllique serpentinisé, en contexte de subduction continentale oblique. Puis le dôme est exhumé plus lentement à travers la croûte, à la faveur du sous-plaquage du cristallin du Haut Himalaya sous le Tso Morari, provoquant un épaississement crustal important, en contexte de collision. A partir de cette évolution, defférents modèles d'exhymations sont discutés, pas de résumé

Published
1998

38. How the paradoxal Longmen Shan belt has been built: through new petrological structural geochronological data?

Author

de Sigoyer, Julia, Billerot, Audrey, Robert, Alexandra, Duchêne, Stéphanie, Vanderhaeghe, Olivier, Pubellier, Manuel, and Monié, Patrick

Subjects
*OROGENY, *COLLISIONS (Physics), *TIBETANS, *METAMORPHISM (Geology)
Abstract

The article presents a study on the contribution of the Indosinian orogeny and the Himalayan collision to the crustal thickening of China's Longmen Shan belt, which stretches from the eastern Tibetan margin to the Yangtze River crust below the Sichuan basin. Its findings suggest that the first event of crustal thickening at Longmen Shan occurred during the Triassic period, while another reactivation of metamorphism took place in the area between 47 and 27 million years ago.

Published
2011

39. Influence of dissolution/reprecipitation reactions on metamorphic greenschist to amphibolite-facies mica 40Ar/39Ar ages in the Longmen Shan (eastern Tibet)

Author

Airaghi, Laura, Warren, Clare J., de Sigoyer, Julia, Lanari, Pierre, Magnin, Valérie, Airaghi, Laura, Warren, Clare J., de Sigoyer, Julia, Lanari, Pierre, and Magnin, Valérie

Abstract

Linking ages to metamorphic stages in rocks that have experienced low to medium‐grade metamorphism can be particularly tricky due to the rarity of index minerals and the preservation of mineral or compositional relicts. The timing of metamorphism and the Mesozoic exhumation of the metasedimentary units and crystalline basement that form the internal part of the Longmen Shan (eastern Tibet, Sichuan, China), is, for these reasons, still largely unconstrained, but crucial for understanding the regional tectonic evolution of the eastern Tibet. In‐situ core‐rim 40Ar/39Ar biotite and U‐Th/Pb allanite data show that amphibolite‐facies conditions (~10‐11 kbar, 530 °C to 6‐7 kbar, 580 °C) were reached at 210‐180 Ma and that biotite records crystallization, rather than cooling, ages. These conditions are mainly recorded in the metasedimentary cover. The 40Ar/39Ar ages obtained from matrix muscovite that partially re‐equilibrated during the post peak‐P metamorphic history comprise a mixture of ages between that of early prograde muscovite relicts and the timing of late muscovite recrystallization at c. 140‐120 Ma. This event marks a previously poorly documented greenschist facies metamorphic overprint. This latest stage is also recorded in the crystalline basement, and defines the timing of the greenschist‐overprint (7 ± 1 kbar, 370 ± 35 °C). Numerical models of Ar diffusion show that the difference between 40Ar/39Ar biotite and muscovite ages cannot be explained by a slow and protracted cooling in an open system. The model and petrological results rather suggest that biotite and muscovite experienced different Ar retention and resetting histories. The Ar record in mica of the studied low to medium grade rocks seems to be mainly controlled by dissolution‐reprecipitation processes rather than by diffusive loss, and by different microstructural positions in the sample. Together, our data show that the metasediment

40. Tectonic evolution of the Betic–Rif arc: New constraints from 40Ar/39Ar dating on white micas in the Temsamane units (External Rif, northern Morocco)

Author

Negro, François, De Sigoyer Julia, Goffé, Bruno, Saddiqi, Omar, Villa, Igor M, Negro, François, De Sigoyer Julia, Goffé, Bruno, Saddiqi, Omar, and Villa, Igor M

Abstract

The Betic–Rif orogen, at the western end of the Mediterranean, is a key region to improve our knowledge on the Africa–Eurasia convergence. The Temsamane units, in spite of their external position in the Rif (northern Morocco), underwent medium-pressure low-temperature (MP–LT) conditions (ca. 7–9 kbar; 330–430 °C). We propose a new tectonic and metamorphic evolution scenario for the Rif (southern) branch of the orogen on the basis of first 40Ar/39Ar dating on petrologically and structurally characterized white micas. Three groups of 40Ar/39Ar ages are observed: (1) Chattian or older Si-rich (highest-pressure) mica relics, (2) 15–12.5 Ma corresponding to the micas defining the foliation and (3) Messinian or younger late micas and alteration. We propose that the MP–LT metamorphic event in the External Rif is Oligocene in age, highlighting a subduction event during this period which could be almost contemporaneous with the burial of HP–LT units from the internal Rif (Alboran Domain). The exhumation of these units characterized by an intense E–W stretching and by top-to-the-west shear senses, is Middle to Late Miocene in age. We propose a correlation of tectonic and metamorphic events at the Betic–Rif arc scale. We argue that the exhumation of the external units of the Rif (1) is younger than that of the Alboran Domain (internal) unit of the Rif, and mirrors a different tectonic setting, but (2) strongly resembles to that documented in the lower Alboran Domain units of the Betics. We show that a regional E–W extension is recorded on both sides of the Betic–Rif arc during the Middle Miocene. This extension probably reflects back-arc deformation of an eastward dipping subduction that retreated westward during the Middle to Late Miocene in the Western Mediterranean.

41. Influence of dissolution/reprecipitation reactions on metamorphic greenschist to amphibolite-facies mica 40Ar/39Ar ages in the Longmen Shan (eastern Tibet)

Author

Airaghi, Laura, Warren, Clare J., de Sigoyer, Julia, Lanari, Pierre, Magnin, Valérie, Airaghi, Laura, Warren, Clare J., de Sigoyer, Julia, Lanari, Pierre, and Magnin, Valérie

Abstract

Linking ages to metamorphic stages in rocks that have experienced low to medium‐grade metamorphism can be particularly tricky due to the rarity of index minerals and the preservation of mineral or compositional relicts. The timing of metamorphism and the Mesozoic exhumation of the metasedimentary units and crystalline basement that form the internal part of the Longmen Shan (eastern Tibet, Sichuan, China), is, for these reasons, still largely unconstrained, but crucial for understanding the regional tectonic evolution of the eastern Tibet. In‐situ core‐rim 40Ar/39Ar biotite and U‐Th/Pb allanite data show that amphibolite‐facies conditions (~10‐11 kbar, 530 °C to 6‐7 kbar, 580 °C) were reached at 210‐180 Ma and that biotite records crystallization, rather than cooling, ages. These conditions are mainly recorded in the metasedimentary cover. The 40Ar/39Ar ages obtained from matrix muscovite that partially re‐equilibrated during the post peak‐P metamorphic history comprise a mixture of ages between that of early prograde muscovite relicts and the timing of late muscovite recrystallization at c. 140‐120 Ma. This event marks a previously poorly documented greenschist facies metamorphic overprint. This latest stage is also recorded in the crystalline basement, and defines the timing of the greenschist‐overprint (7 ± 1 kbar, 370 ± 35 °C). Numerical models of Ar diffusion show that the difference between 40Ar/39Ar biotite and muscovite ages cannot be explained by a slow and protracted cooling in an open system. The model and petrological results rather suggest that biotite and muscovite experienced different Ar retention and resetting histories. The Ar record in mica of the studied low to medium grade rocks seems to be mainly controlled by dissolution‐reprecipitation processes rather than by diffusive loss, and by different microstructural positions in the sample. Together, our data show that the metasediment

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