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[ES] El siguiente Trabajo de Fin de Máster tiene como objetivo analizar los fallos de fiabilidad sufridos en un equipo de una refinería, concretamente en un compresor, mediante el análisis de vibraciones. También se estudiará el análisis económico que suponen dichos fallos, teniendo en cuenta el coste que supone que el compresor esté parado, ya que, de normal funciona las 24h del día los 365 días del año. Este análisis se apoyará concretamente en un KPI, el MTBF. Para sacar unas conclusiones válidas, se comparará en todo momento dos ciclos de 5 años entre las paradas de la planta para la realización de distintos trabajos de mantenimiento, y a raíz de dicha comparación se sacarán una serie de conclusiones, y buscarán soluciones para que no se vuelvan a producir dichos fallos., [EN] The following Master's Thesis aims to analyze the reliability failures suffered in a refinery machine, specifically in a compressor, through vibration analysis. The economic analysis of these failures will also be studied, taking into account the cost of the compressor being stopped, since it normally works 24 hours a day, 365 days a year. This analysis will be based specifically on a KPI, the MTBF. In order to draw valid conclusions, two 5-year cycles will be compared at all times between the shutdowns of the plant to carry out different maintenance works, and as a result of said comparison a series of conclusions will be drawn, and solutions will be sought so that these faults occur again.

[ES] Las abejas son un grupo extremadamente diverso con más de 1000 especies descritas en la península ibérica. Además, son excelentes polinizadores y aportan numerosos servicios ecosistémicos fundamentales para la mayoría de ecosistemas terrestres. Debido a los diversos cambios ambientales inducidos por el ser humano, existen evidencias del declive de algunas de sus poblaciones para ciertas especies. Sin embargo, conocemos muy poco del estado de conservación de la mayoría de especies y de muchas de ellas ignoramos cuál es su distribución en la península ibérica. En este trabajo presentamos un esfuerzo colaborativo para crear una base de datos de ocurrencias de abejas que abarca la península ibérica e islas Baleares que permitirá resolver cuestiones como la distribución de las diferentes especies, preferencia de hábitat, fenología o tendencias históricas. En su versión actual, esta base de datos contiene un total de 87 684 registros de 923 especies recolectados entre 1830 y 2022, de los cuales un 87% presentan información georreferenciada. Para cada registro se incluye información relativa a la localidad de muestreo (89%), identificador y colector de la especie (64%), fecha de captura (54%) y planta donde se recolectó (20%). Creemos que esta base de datos es el punto de partida para conocer y conservar mejor la biodiversidad de abejas en la península ibérica e Islas Baleares, [EN] Bees are a diverse group with more than 1000 species known from the Iberian Peninsula. They have increasingly received special attention due to their important role as pollinators and providers of ecosystem services. In addition, various rapid human-induced environmental changes are leading to the decline of some of its populations. However, we know very little about the conservation status of most species and for many species, we hardly know their true distributions across the Iberian Peninsula. Here, we present a collaborative effort to collate and curate a database of Iberian bee occurrences to answer questions about their distribution, habitat preference, phenology, or historical trends. In total we have accumulated 87 684 records from the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands of 923 different species with 87% of georeferenced records collected between 1830 and 2022. In addition, each record has associated information such as the sampling location (89%), collector and person who identified the species (64%), date of the capture (54%) and plant species where the bees were captured (20%). We believe that this database is the starting point to better understand and conserve bee biodiversity in the Iberian Peninsula., Esta base de datos se ha realizado con la ayuda de los proyectos EUCLIPO (Fundaçao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, LISBOA-01-0145- FEDER-028360/EUCLIPO) y SAFEGUARD (ref. 101003476 H2020-SFS-2019-2).

Osmia caerulescens is a solitary bee species commonly found in the Iberian Peninsula that seems well-adapted to altered anthropogenic habitats. Using the post-emergence residues present in 965 brood cells coming from 453 nests (reed stems) from 36 cherry orchards in western Spain, we identified the collected pollen, and studied the diet of the species. We evaluated whether there are differences in the diet over the nest construction and between the developmental stages reached by the offspring, and we tested whether the offspring's body size is influenced by the pollen diet. The pollen from Fabaceae species predominated in the samples, followed by Jasione (Campanulaceae) and Echium (Boraginaceae). We did not find differences in pollen richness and diversity between inner and outer cells nor among the developmental stages reached. However different proportions of Echium and Jasione pollen in individuals at different developmental stages and a positive relationship between pollen diversity and female body size were detected. The results suggest that the availability of flower resources, together with different morphological and chemical pollen traits, play a key role in diet composition and offspring development. Pollen analysis, which provides knowledge about diet breadth, is a useful tool in the study of species adapted to human-altered habitats.