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1. Global maps of soil temperature

Author

Lembrechts, Jonas J, Hoogen, Johan, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B, De Frenne, Pieter, Kemppinen, Julia, Kopecký, Martin, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya MD, Crowther, Thomas W, Bailey, Joseph J, Haesen, Stef, Klinges, David H, Niittynen, Pekka, Scheffers, Brett R, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Aartsma, Peter, Abdalaze, Otar, Abedi, Mehdi, Aerts, Rien, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahrends, Antje, Alatalo, Juha M, Alexander, Jake M, Allonsius, Camille Nina, Altman, Jan, Ammann, Christof, Andres, Christian, Andrews, Christopher, Ardö, Jonas, Arriga, Nicola, Arzac, Alberto, Aschero, Valeria, Assis, Rafael L, Assmann, Jakob Johann, Bader, Maaike Y, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Barančok, Peter, Barrio, Isabel C, Barros, Agustina, Barthel, Matti, Basham, Edmund W, Bauters, Marijn, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Marchesini, Luca Belelli, Bell, Michael C, Benavides, Juan C, Alonso, José Luis Benito, Berauer, Bernd J, Bjerke, Jarle W, Björk, Robert G, Björkman, Mats P, Björnsdóttir, Katrin, Blonder, Benjamin, Boeckx, Pascal, Boike, Julia, Bokhorst, Stef, Brum, Bárbara NS, Brůna, Josef, Buchmann, Nina, Buysse, Pauline, Camargo, José Luís, Campoe, Otávio C, Candan, Onur, Canessa, Rafaella, Cannone, Nicoletta, Carbognani, Michele, Carnicer, Jofre, Casanova‐Katny, Angélica, Cesarz, Simone, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Choler, Philippe, Chown, Steven L, Cifuentes, Edgar F, Čiliak, Marek, Contador, Tamara, Convey, Peter, Cooper, Elisabeth J, Cremonese, Edoardo, Curasi, Salvatore R, Curtis, Robin, Cutini, Maurizio, Dahlberg, C Johan, Daskalova, Gergana N, de Pablo, Miguel Angel, Della Chiesa, Stefano, Dengler, Jürgen, Deronde, Bart, Descombes, Patrice, Di Cecco, Valter, Di Musciano, Michele, Dick, Jan, Dimarco, Romina D, Dolezal, Jiri, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Dušek, Jiří, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eklundh, Lars, Erickson, Todd E, and Erschbamer, Brigitta

Subjects
Climate Action, Climate Change, Ecosystem, Microclimate, Soil, Temperature, bioclimatic variables, global maps, microclimate, near-surface temperatures, soil-dwelling organisms, soil temperature, temperature offset, weather stations, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences, Ecology
Abstract

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0-5 and 5-15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (-0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.

Published
2022

2. SoilTemp: A global database of near-surface temperature.

Author

Lembrechts, Jonas J, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B, De Frenne, Pieter, Kopecký, Martin, Lenoir, Jonathan, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya MD, Roupsard, Olivier, Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo, García, Rafael A, Pellissier, Loïc, Pitteloud, Camille, Alatalo, Juha M, Smith, Stuart W, Björk, Robert G, Muffler, Lena, Ratier Backes, Amanda, Cesarz, Simone, Gottschall, Felix, Okello, Joseph, Urban, Josef, Plichta, Roman, Svátek, Martin, Phartyal, Shyam S, Wipf, Sonja, Eisenhauer, Nico, Pușcaș, Mihai, Turtureanu, Pavel D, Varlagin, Andrej, Dimarco, Romina D, Jump, Alistair S, Randall, Krystal, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Larson, Keith, Walz, Josefine, Vitale, Luca, Svoboda, Miroslav, Finger Higgens, Rebecca, Halbritter, Aud H, Curasi, Salvatore R, Klupar, Ian, Koontz, Austin, Pearse, William D, Simpson, Elizabeth, Stemkovski, Michael, Jessen Graae, Bente, Vedel Sørensen, Mia, Høye, Toke T, Fernández Calzado, M Rosa, Lorite, Juan, Carbognani, Michele, Tomaselli, Marcello, Forte, T'ai GW, Petraglia, Alessandro, Haesen, Stef, Somers, Ben, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Björkman, Mats P, Hylander, Kristoffer, Merinero, Sonia, Gharun, Mana, Buchmann, Nina, Dolezal, Jiri, Matula, Radim, Thomas, Andrew D, Bailey, Joseph J, Ghosn, Dany, Kazakis, George, de Pablo, Miguel A, Kemppinen, Julia, Niittynen, Pekka, Rew, Lisa, Seipel, Tim, Larson, Christian, Speed, James DM, Ardö, Jonas, Cannone, Nicoletta, Guglielmin, Mauro, Malfasi, Francesco, Bader, Maaike Y, Canessa, Rafaella, Stanisci, Angela, Kreyling, Juergen, Schmeddes, Jonas, Teuber, Laurenz, Aschero, Valeria, Čiliak, Marek, Máliš, František, De Smedt, Pallieter, Govaert, Sanne, Meeussen, Camille, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Gigauri, Khatuna, Lamprecht, Andrea, Pauli, Harald, Steinbauer, Klaus, Winkler, Manuela, Ueyama, Masahito, and Nuñez, Martin A

Subjects
climate change, database, ecosystem processes, microclimate, soil climate, species distributions, temperature, topoclimate, Ecology, Environmental Sciences, Biological Sciences
Abstract

Current analyses and predictions of spatially explicit patterns and processes in ecology most often rely on climate data interpolated from standardized weather stations. This interpolated climate data represents long-term average thermal conditions at coarse spatial resolutions only. Hence, many climate-forcing factors that operate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions are overlooked. This is particularly important in relation to effects of observation height (e.g. vegetation, snow and soil characteristics) and in habitats varying in their exposure to radiation, moisture and wind (e.g. topography, radiative forcing or cold-air pooling). Since organisms living close to the ground relate more strongly to these microclimatic conditions than to free-air temperatures, microclimatic ground and near-surface data are needed to provide realistic forecasts of the fate of such organisms under anthropogenic climate change, as well as of the functioning of the ecosystems they live in. To fill this critical gap, we highlight a call for temperature time series submissions to SoilTemp, a geospatial database initiative compiling soil and near-surface temperature data from all over the world. Currently, this database contains time series from 7,538 temperature sensors from 51 countries across all key biomes. The database will pave the way toward an improved global understanding of microclimate and bridge the gap between the available climate data and the climate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions relevant to most organisms and ecosystem processes.

Published
2020

5. Employing automated electrical resistivity tomography for detecting short- and long-term changes in permafrost and active-layer dynamics in the maritime Antarctic.

Author

Farzamian, Mohammad, Herring, Teddi, Vieira, Gonçalo, de Pablo, Miguel Angel, Yaghoobi Tabar, Borhan, and Hauck, Christian

Subjects
CLIMATE extremes, SOIL horizons, CRATER lakes, ECOLOGICAL disturbances, ELECTRICAL resistivity
Abstract

Repeated electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys can substantially advance the understanding of spatial and temporal freeze–thaw dynamics in remote regions, such as Antarctica, where the evolution of permafrost has been poorly investigated. To enable time-lapse ERT surveys in Antarctica, an automated ERT (A-ERT) system is required, as regular site visits are not feasible. In this context, we developed a robust A-ERT prototype and installed it at the Crater Lake CALM-S site on Deception Island, Antarctica, to collect quasi-continuous ERT measurements. We developed an automated data processing workflow to efficiently filter and invert the A-ERT datasets and extract the key information required for a detailed investigation of permafrost and active-layer dynamics. In this paper, we report on the results of two complete year-round A-ERT datasets collected in 2010 and 2019 at the Crater Lake CALM-S site and compare them with available climate and borehole data. The A-ERT profile has a length of 9.5 m with an electrode spacing of 0.5 m, enabling a maximum investigation depth of approximately 2 m. Our detailed investigation of the A-ERT data and inverted results shows that the A-ERT system can detect the active-layer freezing and thawing events with high temporal resolution. The resistivity of the permafrost zone in 2019 is very similar to the values found in 2010, suggesting the stability of the permafrost over almost 1 decade at this site. The evolution of thaw depth exhibits a similar pattern in both years, with the active-layer thickness fluctuating between 0.20–0.35 m. However, a slight thinning of the active layer is evident in early 2019, compared to the equivalent period in 2010. These findings show that A-ERT datasets, combined with the new processing workflow that we developed, are an effective tool for studying permafrost and active-layer dynamics with very high resolution and minimal environmental disturbance. The ability of the A-ERT setup to monitor the spatiotemporal progression of thaw depth in two dimensions, and potentially in three dimensions, and to detect brief surficial refreezing and thawing of the active layer reveals the significance of the automatic ERT monitoring system to record continuous resistivity changes. An A-ERT monitoring setup with a longer profile length can investigate greater depths, offering effective monitoring at sites where boreholes are costly and invasive techniques are unsuitable. This shows that the A-ERT setup described in this paper can be a significant addition to the Global Terrestrial Network for Permafrost (GTN-P) and the Circumpolar Active Layer Monitoring (CALM) networks to further investigate the impact of fast-changing climate and extreme meteorological events on the upper soil horizons and to work towards establishing an early warning system for the consequences of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Corrigendum to “Active layer and permafrost thermal regimes in the ice-free areas of Antarctica” [Earth Science Reviews 242C, July 2023, 104458]

Author

Hrbáček, Filip, primary, Oliva, Marc, additional, Hansen, Christel, additional, Balks, Megan, additional, O’Neill, Tanya Ann, additional, de Pablo, Miguel Angel, additional, Ponti, Stefano, additional, Ramos, Miguel, additional, Vieira, Goncalo, additional, Abramov, Andrey, additional, Pastirikova, Lucia Kaplan, additional, Guglielmin, Mauro, additional, Goaynes, Gabriel, additional, Francellino, Marcio Rocha, additional, Schaefer, Carlos, additional, and Lacelle, Denis, additional

Published
2024
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9. Spatiotemporal Evolution of the Land Cover over Deception Island, Antarctica, Its Driving Mechanisms, and Its Impact on the Shortwave Albedo

Author

Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Calleja, Javier F., Muñiz, Rubén, Otero, Jaime, Navarro, Francisco, Corbea-Pérez, Alejandro, Reijmer, Carleen, de Pablo, Miguel Ángel, Fernández, Susana, Sub Dynamics Meteorology, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Calleja, Javier F., Muñiz, Rubén, Otero, Jaime, Navarro, Francisco, Corbea-Pérez, Alejandro, Reijmer, Carleen, de Pablo, Miguel Ángel, and Fernández, Susana

Published
2024

10. Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Masonry Mortars for Sustainable Construction: Experimental Study with Four Different Aggregates.

Author

Ruano Gutiérrez, Enrique, Ferrández, Daniel, Atanes-Sánchez, Evangelina, and Ruano de Pablo, Miguel

Abstract

The construction sector generates a strong environmental impact every year as a result of the high consumption of raw materials and the large waste volumes associated with this productive activity. In this sense, the search for alternative and sustainable solutions that allow progress towards responsible economic growth has become a priority activity. This work presents an exhaustive characterisation of masonry mortars made with four different types of aggregates: standard sand, natural sand, concrete waste recycled sand and ceramic components recovered sand. Differently from other studies, this research addresses the previous characterisation of the aggregates as raw material for the manufacture of masonry mortars, and, afterwards, a study of the most relevant properties for these cement composites in the fresh and hardened state is carried out. The most relevant properties of the mortars made with these raw materials are presented, and the repercussion of aggregate washing on their physical-mechanical characteristics is analysed. The results show how mortars made with 100% recycled aggregate can be competitive in the industry, presenting excellent properties in the fresh state and achieving an optimal mechanical strength. In addition, it has been observed that the introduction of a previous washing step of the aggregates improves their physical-mechanical properties and results in a higher quality of the cement mortars finally produced. In this way, the most representative properties of this type of materials have been collected in a well-structured and complete way, thus showing their possibilities of application in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. LACTANTE HIPOTÓNICO: NO TODO SON PATOLOGÍAS GRAVES

Author

Alcubilla, Lydia, primary, Pérez, Maria Pilar, additional, González, Olga, additional, Barajas, Maria Verísima, additional, Álvarez, Cintia Irene, additional, Escalona, Ana Maria, additional, Ferrin, Mary Alejandra, additional, Martín, Maria, additional, Jiménez, Alejandro, additional, and De Pablo, Miguel, additional

Published
2023
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13. ¿DOCTOR, POR QUÉ MI HIJO PARECE UNA CEBRA?

Author

Alcubilla, Lydia, primary, Arroyo, Ramón, additional, Villoria, Maria Jesús, additional, Ruiz, Maria Rosario, additional, Álvarez, Cintia Irene, additional, Ferrin, Mary Alejandra, additional, Martín, Maria, additional, Jiménez, Alejandro, additional, De Pablo, Miguel, additional, and Escalona, Ana María, additional

Published
2023
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14. LA IMPORTANCIA DEL ELECTROCARDIOGRAMA

Author

Escalona, Ana María, primary, Jiménez, Alejandro, additional, De Pablo, Miguel, additional, Martín, María, additional, Plata, Beatriz, additional, and Manzano, Paula, additional

Published
2023
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15. UNA DERMATOSIS INFRECUENTE

Author

Escalona, Ana María, primary, Martín, María, additional, Jiménez, Alejandro, additional, De Pablo, Miguel, additional, Alcubilla, Lydia, additional, and Álvarez, Cintia Irene, additional

Published
2023
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18. ALOPECIA TRIANGULAR TEMPORAL CONGÉNITA

Author

Martín, María, primary, Escalona, Ana María, additional, Jiménez, Alejandro, additional, De Pablo, Miguel, additional, Alcubilla, Lydia, additional, and San Segundo, Carmen, additional

Published
2023
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25. ABCESO OVÁRICO: A PROPÓSITO DE UN CASO

Author

Villalón, María Concepción, primary, Sánchez, Patricia, additional, Jiménez, Alejandro, additional, De Pablo, Miguel, additional, Hernández, Alba, additional, Roux, Ana, additional, Alonso, Cecilia, additional, Martín, Beatriz María, additional, Pablos, Alicia, additional, and Ríos, Cristóbal, additional

Published
2023
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27. Efficacy and tolerance of a novel topical TRPV‐1 channel antagonist in dogs with allergic pododermatitis.

Author

Serra Fabregat, Xavier, de Pablo, Miguel Ángel, Hernán‐Pérez, Conchita, Diéguez, Elena, Valero Coppin, Oliver, and Genové Corominas, Elsa

Subjects
*DOGS, *TRPV cation channels, *DOG owners, *VISUAL analog scale, *SKIN diseases, *ALLERGIES
Abstract

Background: Pruritus due to allergic skin disease is one of the most common reasons for dermatological consultations in the veterinary clinic. Treatment is usually multimodal and requires continuous monitoring and reassessment. New therapies are needed to broaden the therapeutic arsenal. Hypothesis/Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a novel transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) channel antagonist for allergic pododermatitis in dogs. Animals: Twenty‐four client‐owned dogs with allergic pododermatitis. Materials and Methods: The study was an open, prospective, multi‐centre clinical trial with client‐owned dogs. All dogs were treated twice daily with a spray containing hydroxymethoxyiodobenzyl glycolamide pelargonate for 28 days. Clinical assessments included pruritus Visual Analog Scale (PVAS), pedal skin lesion score, evaluation of quality of life (QoL), presence of secondary infections and a four‐point subjective efficacy assessment by the veterinarian and the dog owner. Results: There was more than 50% improvement in all scores by the conclusion of the study. Secondary infections were reduced (p < 0.001). Both the veterinarians and dog owners evaluated the efficacy of the product positively. The product was well‐tolerated. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: This study demonstrated the tolerability and efficacy of a TRPV1 antagonist on pruritic pododermatitis in 24 dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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29. Global maps of soil temperature

Author

Winkler, Manuela, Plichta, Roman, Buysse, Pauline, Lohila, Annalea, Spicher, Fabien, Boeckx, Pascal, Wild, Jan, Feigenwinter, Iris, Olejnik, Janusz, Risch, Anita, Khuroo, Anzar, Lynn, Joshua, di Cella, Umberto, Schmidt, Marius, Urbaniak, Marek, Marchesini, Luca, Govaert, Sanne, Uogintas, Domas, Assis, Rafael, Medinets, Volodymyr, Abdalaze, Otar, Varlagin, Andrej, Dolezal, Jiri, Myers, Jonathan, Randall, Krystal, Bauters, Marijn, Jimenez, Juan, Stoll, Stefan, Petraglia, Alessandro, Mazzolari, Ana, Ogaya, Romà, Tyystjärvi, Vilna, Hammerle, Albin, Wipf, Sonja, Lorite, Juan, Fanin, Nicolas, Benavides, Juan, Scholten, Thomas, Yu, Zicheng, Veen, G., Treier, Urs, Candan, Onur, Bell, Michael, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Siebicke, Lukas, Vives-Ingla, Maria, Eugster, Werner, Grelle, Achim, Stemkovski, Michael, Theurillat, Jean-Paul, Matula, Radim, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Steinbrecher, Rainer, Alatalo, Juha, Fenu, Giuseppe, Arzac, Alberto, Homeier, Jürgen, Porro, Francesco, Robinson, Sharon, Ghosn, Dany, Haugum, Siri, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, Camargo, José, Zhao, Peng, Niittynen, Pekka, Liljebladh, Bengt, Normand, Signe, Dias, Arildo, Larson, Christian, Peichl, Matthias, Collier, Laura, Myers-Smith, Isla, Zong, Shengwei, Kašpar, Vít, Cooper, Elisabeth, Haider, Sylvia, von Oppen, Jonathan, Cutini, Maurizio, Benito-Alonso, José-Luis, Luoto, Miska, Klemedtsson, Leif, Higgens, Rebecca, Zhang, Jian, Speed, James, Nijs, Ivan, Macek, Martin, Steinwandter, Michael, Poyatos, Rafael, Niedrist, Georg, Curasi, Salvatore, Yang, Yan, Dengler, Jürgen, Géron, Charly, de Pablo, Miguel, Xenakis, Georgios, Kreyling, Juergen, Forte, Tai, Bailey, Joseph, Knohl, Alexander, Goulding, Keith, Wilkinson, Matthew, Kljun, Natascha, Roupsard, Olivier, Stiegler, Christian, Verbruggen, Erik, Wingate, Lisa, Lamprecht, Andrea, Hamid, Maroof, Rossi, Graziano, Descombes, Patrice, Hrbacek, Filip, Bjornsdottir, Katrin, Poulenard, Jérôme, Meeussen, Camille, Guénard, Benoit, Venn, Susanna, Dimarco, Romina, Man, Matěj, Scharnweber, Tobias, Chown, Steven, Pio, Casimiro, Way, Robert, Erickson, Todd, Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo, Pușcaș, Mihai, Orsenigo, Simone, Di Musciano, Michele, Enquist, Brian, Newling, Emily, Tagesson, Torbern, Kemppinen, Julia, Serra-Diaz, Josep, Gottschall, Felix, Schuchardt, Max, Pitacco, Andrea, Jump, Alistair, Exton, Dan, Carnicer, Jofre, Aschero, Valeria, Urban, Anastasiya, Daskalova, Gergana, Santos, Cinthya, Goeckede, Mathias, Bruna, Josef, Andrews, Christopher, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg, Casanova-Katny, Angélica, Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel, Ewers, Robert, Pärtel, Meelis, Sagot, Clotilde, Herbst, Mathias, De Frenne, Pieter, Milbau, Ann, Gobin, Anne, Alexander, Jake, Kopecký, Martin, Buchmann, Nina, Kotowska, Martyna, Puchalka, Radoslaw, Penuelas, Josep, Gigauri, Khatuna, Prokushkin, Anatoly, Moiseev, Pavel, Jentsch, Anke, Klisz, Marcin, Barrio, Isabel, Ammann, Christof, Panov, Alexey, Van Geel, Maarten, Finckh, Manfred, Vaccari, Francesco, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Backes, Amanda, Robroek, Bjorn, Campoe, Otávio, Ahmadian, Negar, Boike, Julia, Thomas, Haydn, Pastor, Ada, Smith, Stuart, Pauli, Harald, Kollár, Jozef, de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, Rita, Michaletz, Sean, Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo, Urban, Josef, Greenwood, Sarah, Lens, Luc, Van de Vondel, Stijn, Vitale, Luca, Remmele, Sabine, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Meusburger, Katrin, Cremonese, Edoardo, Barros, Agustina, Bokhorst, Stef, Svátek, Martin, Allonsius, Camille, Høye, Toke, Smiljanic, Marko, Hik, David, Canessa, Rafaella, van den Hoogen, Johan, Altman, Jan, Björkman, Mats, Cesarz, Simone, Blonder, Benjamin, Kazakis, George, Opedal, Øystein, Assmann, Jakob, Tanentzap, Andrew, Sidenko, Nikita, le Maire, Guerric, Ursu, Tudor-Mihai, Montagnani, Leonardo, Muffler, Lena, Hederová, Lucia, Rubtsov, Alexey, Pauchard, Aníbal, Tielbörger, Katja, Sørensen, Mia, Crowther, Thomas, Remmers, Wolfram, Pitteloud, Camille, Zyryanov, Viacheslav, Nilsson, Matts, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Sallo-Bravo, Jhonatan, Moiseev, Dmitry, Spasojevic, Marko, Haase, Peter, Pearse, William, Tutton, Rosamond, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Siqueira, David, Ardö, Jonas, Nardino, Marianna, Tomaselli, Marcello, Pavelka, Marian, García, Rafael, Nosetto, Marcelo, Bon, Matteo, Semenchuk, Philipp, Choler, Philippe, Scott, Tony, Halbritter, Aud, Dušek, Jiří, Mackenzie, Roy, Stanisci, Angela, Nouvellon, Yann, Kovács, Bence, Haesen, Stef, Veenendaal, Elmar, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Verheijen, Frank, de Andrade, Ana, Verbeeck, Hans, Bader, Maaike, RENAULT, David, Zimmermann, Reiner, Ferlian, Olga, Medinets, Sergiy, Walz, Josefine, Rossi, Christian, Rocha, Adrian, Lembrechts, Jonas, Jactel, Hervé, Brum, Barbara, Aartsma, Peter, Kobler, Johannes, Eisenhauer, Nico, Bjerke, Jarle, Pellissier, Loïc, Ueyama, Masahito, Manca, Giovanni, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Meysman, Filip, Niessner, Armin, Curtis, Robin, Six, Johan, Saccone, Patrick, Wang, Runxi, Ahrends, Antje, Okello, Joseph, Kolle, Olaf, Portillo-Estrada, Miguel, Laska, Kamil, Freeman, Erika, Di Cecco, Valter, Ashcroft, Michael, Steinbauer, Klaus, Della Chiesa, Stefano, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Herberich, Maximiliane, Loubet, Benjamin, Barančok, Peter, Hermanutz, Luise, Souza, Bartolomeu, Contador, Tamara, Zhang, Zhaochen, Aerts, Rien, Stephan, Jörg, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Manco, Antonio, Larson, Keith, Mondoni, Andrea, Palaj, Andrej, Schmeddes, Jonas, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Järveoja, Järvi, Manise, Tanguy, Barthel, Matti, Marciniak, Felipe, Weigel, Robert, Rixen, Christian, Turtureanu, Pavel, Hoffrén, Raúl, Iwata, Hiroki, Vittoz, Pascal, Wedegärtner, Ronja, Penczykowski, Rachel, Phartyal, Shyam, Sitková, Zuzana, Nagy, Laszlo, Ujházy, Karol, Heinesch, Bernard, Berauer, Bernd, Ogée, Jérôme, Malfasi, Francesco, Greise, Caroline, Helfter, Carole, Mosedale, Jonathan, Senior, Rebecca, Magliulo, Enzo, Nuñez, Martin, García, María, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Carbognani, Michele, Thomas, Andrew, Eklundh, Lars, Erfanian, Mohammad, Villar, Luis, Maier, Regine, Dahlberg, C., Guglielmin, Mauro, Jucker, Tommaso, Kelly, Julia, Olesen, Jørgen, Lang, Simone, Tanneberger, Franziska, Gharun, Mana, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin, Convey, Peter, Aalto, Juha, Scheffers, Brett, Ujházyová, Mariana, Andres, Christian, Arriga, Nicola, Smith-Tripp, Sarah, Kanka, Róbert, Dick, Jan, Leihy, Rachel, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Maclean, Ilya, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Pampuch, Timo, Čiliak, Marek, Guillemot, Joannès, Sarneel, Judith, Souza, José, Svoboda, Miroslav, Björk, Robert, Merinero, Sonia, Zellweger, Florian, Simpson, Elizabeth, Cannone, Nicoletta, Abedi, Mehdi, Seipel, Tim, Klinges, David, Máliš, František, Basham, Edmund, Sewerniak, Piotr, Schwartz, Naomi, Trouillier, Mario, Vandvik, Vigdis, Shekhar, Ankit, Munoz-Rojas, Miriam, Nicklas, Lena, Goded, Ignacio, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Radujković, Dajana, Yu, Kailiang, Phoenix, Gareth, Cifuentes, Edgar, Seeber, Julia, Deronde, Bart, Lenoir, Jonathan, Frei, Esther, Wilmking, Martin, Hylander, Kristoffer, Graae, Bente, Calzado, M., Wang, Yifeng, Hampe, Arndt, Somers, Ben, Mörsdorf, Martin, Jastrzebowski, Szymon, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Universidad de Alcalá. Departamento de Geología, Geografía y Medio Ambiente, BioGeoClimate Modelling Lab, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS), Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research (INAR), Universiteit Antwerpen = University of Antwerpen [Antwerpen], Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), LTSER Zone Atelier Alpes, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum [Frankfurt], Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Environnements, Dynamiques et Territoires de Montagne (EDYTEM), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Ministère de l'Education nationale, de l’Enseignement supérieur et de la Recherche (M.E.N.E.S.R.), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 12P1819N, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, ANR-10-LABX-0045,COTE,COntinental To coastal Ecosystems: evolution, adaptability and governance(2010), ANR-13-ISV7-0004,ODYSSEE,De nouvelles voies pour la modélisation des dynamiques d'assemblages d'espèces intégrant l'écologie et l'évolution: le cas des écosystèmes de montagne des Alpes et des Carpates(2013), ANR-20-EBI5-0004,ASICS,ASsessing and mitigating the effects of climate change and biological Invasions on the spatial redistribution of biodiversity in Cold environmentS(2020), ANR-19-CE32-0005,IMPRINT,IMpacts des PRocessus mIcroclimatiques sur la redistributioN de la biodiversiTé forestière en contexte de réchauffement du macroclimat(2019), European Project: 774124 , H2020,H2020-SFS-2017-2,SUPER-G (2018), European Project: 282910,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2011,ECLAIRE(2011), European Project: 641918,H2020,H2020-SC5-2014-two-stage,AfricanBioServices(2015), European Project: 678841,H2020,ERC-2015-STG,NICH(2016), European Project: 871128,eLTER PLUS (2020), European Project: 861974, H2020,SOCIETAL CHALLENGES - Food security, sustainable agriculture and forestry, marine, maritime and inland water research, and the bioeconomy,SustainSahel(2020), Lembrechts, Jonas J [0000-0002-1933-0750], van den Hoogen, Johan [0000-0001-6624-8461], Aalto, Juha [0000-0001-6819-4911], De Frenne, Pieter [0000-0002-8613-0943], Kemppinen, Julia [0000-0001-7521-7229], Kopecký, Martin [0000-0002-1018-9316], Luoto, Miska [0000-0001-6203-5143], Maclean, Ilya MD [0000-0001-8030-9136], Crowther, Thomas W [0000-0001-5674-8913], Bailey, Joseph J [0000-0002-9526-7095], Haesen, Stef [0000-0002-4491-4213], Klinges, David H [0000-0002-7900-9379], Niittynen, Pekka [0000-0002-7290-029X], Scheffers, Brett R [0000-0003-2423-3821], Van Meerbeek, Koenraad [0000-0002-9260-3815], Aartsma, Peter [0000-0001-5086-856X], Abdalaze, Otar [0000-0001-8140-0900], Abedi, Mehdi [0000-0002-1499-0119], Aerts, Rien [0000-0001-6694-0669], Ahmadian, Negar [0000-0002-7427-7198], Ahrends, Antje [0000-0002-5083-7760], Alatalo, Juha M [0000-0001-5084-850X], Alexander, Jake M [0000-0003-2226-7913], Allonsius, Camille Nina [0000-0003-2599-9941], Altman, Jan [0000-0003-4879-5773], Ammann, Christof [0000-0002-0783-5444], Andres, Christian [0000-0003-0576-6446], Andrews, Christopher [0000-0003-2428-272X], Ardö, Jonas [0000-0002-9318-0973], Arriga, Nicola [0000-0001-5321-3497], Arzac, Alberto [0000-0002-3361-5349], Aschero, Valeria [0000-0003-3865-4133], Assis, Rafael L [0000-0001-8468-6414], Assmann, Jakob Johann [0000-0002-3492-8419], Bader, Maaike Y [0000-0003-4300-7598], Bahalkeh, Khadijeh [0000-0003-1485-0316], Barančok, Peter [0000-0003-1171-2524], Barrio, Isabel C [0000-0002-8120-5248], Barros, Agustina [0000-0002-6810-2391], Basham, Edmund W [0000-0002-0167-7908], Bauters, Marijn [0000-0003-0978-6639], Bazzichetto, Manuele [0000-0002-9874-5064], Marchesini, Luca Belelli [0000-0001-8408-4675], Bell, Michael C [0000-0002-3401-7746], Benavides, Juan C [0000-0002-9694-2195], Benito Alonso, José Luis [0000-0003-1086-8834], Berauer, Bernd J [0000-0002-9472-1532], Bjerke, Jarle W [0000-0003-2721-1492], Björk, Robert G [0000-0001-7346-666X], Björkman, Mats P [0000-0001-5768-1976], Björnsdóttir, Katrin [0000-0001-7421-9441], Blonder, Benjamin [0000-0002-5061-2385], Boeckx, Pascal 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[0000-0002-8597-8221], Dahlberg, C Johan [0000-0003-0271-3306], Daskalova, Gergana N [0000-0002-5674-5322], de Pablo, Miguel Angel [0000-0002-4496-2741], Della Chiesa, Stefano [0000-0002-6693-2199], Dengler, Jürgen [0000-0003-3221-660X], Descombes, Patrice [0000-0002-3760-9907], Di Cecco, Valter [0000-0001-9862-1267], Di Musciano, Michele [0000-0002-3130-7270], Dick, Jan [0000-0002-4180-9338], Dolezal, Jiri [0000-0002-5829-4051], Dorrepaal, Ellen [0000-0002-0523-2471], Dušek, Jiří [0000-0001-6119-0838], Eisenhauer, Nico [0000-0002-0371-6720], Eklundh, Lars [0000-0001-7644-6517], Erickson, Todd E [0000-0003-4537-0251], Erschbamer, Brigitta [0000-0002-6792-1395], Eugster, Werner [0000-0001-6067-0741], Exton, Dan A [0000-0001-8885-5828], Fanin, Nicolas [0000-0003-4195-855X], Fazlioglu, Fatih [0000-0002-4723-3640], Feigenwinter, Iris [0000-0001-7493-6790], Fenu, Giuseppe [0000-0003-4762-5043], Ferlian, Olga [0000-0002-2536-7592], Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo [0000-0002-4743-9577], Finckh, 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Wilkinson, Matthew [0000-0002-3858-553X], Wilmking, Martin [0000-0003-4964-2402], Wingate, Lisa [0000-0003-1921-1556], Winkler, Manuela [0000-0002-8655-9555], Wipf, Sonja [0000-0002-3492-1399], Wohlfahrt, Georg [0000-0003-3080-6702], Xenakis, Georgios [0000-0002-2950-4101], Yang, Yan [0000-0003-0858-7603], Yu, Zicheng [0000-0003-2358-2712], Yu, Kailiang [0000-0003-4223-5169], Zellweger, Florian [0000-0003-1265-9147], Zhang, Jian [0000-0003-0589-6267], Zhao, Peng [0000-0003-3289-5067], Ziemblińska, Klaudia [0000-0003-4070-6553], Zimmermann, Reiner [0000-0002-8724-941X], Zong, Shengwei [0000-0002-3583-6110], Zyryanov, Viacheslav I [0000-0002-1748-4801], Nijs, Ivan [0000-0003-3111-680X], Lenoir, Jonathan [0000-0003-0638-9582], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Department of Biology (University of Antwerp), and University of Antwerp (UA)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Zoology and botany: 480 [VDP], Q1, 01 natural sciences, Global map, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Soil temperature, Zone climatique, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Environmental Sciences, bioclimatic variables, global maps, microclimate, near-surface temperatures, soil temperature, soil-dwelling organisms, temperature offset, weather stations, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, GB, Geology, PE&RC, 6. Clean water, Near-surface soil temperature, international, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 551: Geologie und Hydrologie, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Température du sol, Near-surface temperature, Near-surface temperatures, Biologie, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences, MITIGATION, bepress|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology|Climate, Bioclimatic variables, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, 577: Ökologie, Biology, Ecosystem, Ekologi, Changement climatique, Cartographie, Biology and Life Sciences, Microclimate, 15. Life on land, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Environmental Sciences|Environmental Monitoring, Agriculture and Soil Science, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Temperature offset, Weather stations, Plan_S-Compliant-OA, Soil, bepress|Life Sciences, ddc:550, Geología, Ecology, Temperature, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Biological Sciences, FOREST, Weather station, Variation saisonnière, Chemistry, Bioclimatologie, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics, 1171 Geosciences, Technology and Engineering, Climate Change, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, MOISTURE, LITTER DECOMPOSITION, PERMAFROST, ddc:570, SUITABILITY, G1, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, Global maps, VDP::Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480, Environmental Chemistry, Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], Soil-dwelling organisms, Aquatic Ecology, P30 - Sciences et aménagement du sol, Bioclimatic variable, SNOW-COVER, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Soil Science, Earth sciences, PLANT-RESPONSES, CLIMATIC CONTROLS, Soil-dwelling organism, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, VDP::Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, Réchauffement global, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Environmental Sciences, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

JJL received funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (grant nr. 12P1819N). The project received funding from the Research Foundation Flanders (grants nrs, G018919N, W001919N). JVDH and TWC received funding from DOB Ecology. JA received funding from the University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science (MICROCLIM, grant nr. 7510145) and Academy of Finland Flagship (grant no. 337552). PDF, CM and PV received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (ERC Starting Grant FORMICA 757833). JK received funding from the Arctic Interactions at the University of Oulu and Academy of Finland (318930, Profi 4), Maaja vesitekniikan tuki ry., Tiina and Antti Herlin Foundation, Nordenskiold Samfundet and Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica. MK received funding from the Czech Science Foundation (grant nr. 20-28119S) and the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). TWC received funding from National Geographic Society grant no. 9480-14 and WW-240R-17. MA received funding from CISSC (program ICRP (grant nr:2397) and INSF (grant nr: 96005914). The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh is supported by the Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division. JMA received funding from the Funding Org. Qatar Petroleum (grant nr. QUEX-CAS-QP-RD-18/19). JMA received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant no. 678841) and from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant no. 31003A_176044). JA was supported by research grants LTAUSA19137 (program INTER-EXCELLENCE, subprogram INTER-ACTION) provided by Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports and 20-05840Y of the Czech Science Foundation. AA was supported by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (grant FSRZ-2020-0014). SN, UAT, JJA, and JvO received funding from the Independent Research Fund Denmark (7027-00133B). LvdB, KT, MYB and RC acknowledge funding from the German Research Foundation within the Priority Program SPP-1803 'EarthShape: Earth Surface Shaping by Biota' (grant TI 338/14-1&2 and BA 3843/6-1). PB was supported by grant project VEGA of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic and the Slovak Academy of Sciences No. 2/0132/18. Forest Research received funding from the Forestry Commission (climate change research programme). JCB acknowledges the support of Universidad Javeriana. JLBA received funding from the Direccion General de Cambio Climatico del Gobierno de Aragon; JLBA acknowledges fieldwork assistance by Ana Acin, the Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park, and the Servicio de Medio Ambiente de Soria de la Junta de Castilla y Leon. RGB and MPB received funding from BECC - Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate. MPB received funding from The European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skodowska-Curie Grant Agreement No. 657627 and The Swedish Research Council FORMAS - future research leaders No. 2016-01187. JB received funding from the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). NB received funding from the SNF (grant numbers 40FA40_154245, 20FI21_148992, 20FI20_173691, 407340_172433) and from the EU (contract no. 774124). ICOS EU research infrastructure. EU FP7 NitroEurope. EU FP7 ECLAIRE. The authors from Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, PDBFF, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Brazil were supported by the MCTI/CNPq/FNDCT - AcAo Transversal no68/2013 - Programa de Grande Escala da Biosfera-Atmosfera na Amazonia - LBA; Project 'Como as florestas da Amazonia Central respondem as variacoes climaticas? Efeitos sobre dinamica florestal e sinergia com a fragmentacAo florestal'. This is the study 829 of the BDFFP Technical Series. to The EUCFLUX Cooperative Research Program and Forest Science and Research Institute-IPEF. NC acknowledges funding by Stelvio National Park. JC was funded by the Spanish government grant CGL2016-78093-R. ANID-FONDECYT 1181745 AND INSTITUTO ANTARTICO CHILENO (INACH FR-0418). SC received funding from the German Research Foundation (grant no. DFG- FZT 118, 202548816). The National Science Foundation, Poland (grant no. UMO-2017/27/B/ST10/02228), within the framework of the 'Carbon dioxide uptake potential of sphagnum peatlands in the context of atmospheric optical parameters and climate changes' (KUSCO2) project. SLC received funding from the South African National Research Foundation and the Australian Research Council. FM, M, KU and MU received funding from Slovak Research and Development Agency (no. APVV-19-0319). Instituto Antartico Chileno (INACH_RT-48_16), Iniciativa Cientifica Milenio Nucleo Milenio de Salmonidos Invasores INVASAL, Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity (IEB), CONICYT PIA APOYO CCTE AFB170008. PC is supported by NERC core funding to the BAS 'Biodiversity, Evolution and Adaptation Team. EJC received funding from the Norwegian Research Council (grant number 230970). GND was supported by NERC E3 doctoral training partnership grant (NE/L002558/1) at the University of Edinburgh and the Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland. Monitoring stations on Livingston Island, Antarctica, were funded by different research projects of the Gobern of Spain (PERMAPLANET CTM2009-10165-E; ANTARPERMA CTM2011-15565-E; PERMASNOW CTM2014-52021-R), and the PERMATHERMAL arrangement between the University of Alcala and the Spanish Polar Committee. GN received funding from the Autonomous Province of Bolzano (ITA). The infrastructure, part of the UK Environmental Change Network, was funded historically in part by ScotNature and NERC National Capability LTS-S: UK-SCAPE; NE/R016429/1). JD was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (GA17-19376S) and MSMT (LTAUSA18007). ED received funding from the Kempe Foundation (JCK-1112 and JCK-1822). The infrastructure was supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the National Sustainability Programme I (NPU I), grant number LO1415 and by the project for national infrastructure support CzeCOS/ICOS Reg. No. LM2015061. NE received funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG- FZT 118, 202548816). BE received funding from the GLORIA-EU project no EVK2-CT2000-00056, the Autonomous Province of Bolzano (ITA), from the Tiroler Wissenschaftsfonds and from the University of Innsbruck. RME was supported by funding to the SAFE Project from the Sime Darby Foundation. OF received funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG- FZT 118, 202548816). EFP was supported by the Jardin Botanico Atlantico (SV-20-GIJON-JBA). MF was funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) in the context of The Future Okavango (Grant No. 01LL0912) and SASSCAL (01LG1201M; 01LG1201N) projects. EFL received funding from ANID PIA / BASAL FB210006. RAG received funding from Fondecyt 11170516, CONICYT PIA AFB170008 and ANID PIA / BASAL FB210006. MBG received funding from National Parks (DYNBIO, #1656/2015) and The Spanish Research Agency (VULBIMON, #CGL2017-90040-R). MG received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (ICOS-CH Phase 2 20FI20_173691). FG received funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG- FZT 118, 202548816). KG and TS received funding from the UK Biotechnology and Biological Research Council (grant = 206/D16053). SG was supported by the Research Foundation Flanders (FWO) (project G0H1517N). KJ and PH received funding from the EU Horizon2020 INFRAIA project eLTER-PLUS (871128), the project LTER-CWN (FFG, F&E Infrastrukturforderung, project number 858024) and the Austrian Climate Research Program (ACRP7 - CentForCSink - KR14AC7K11960). SH and ARB received funding through iDiv funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG- FZT 118, 202548816). LH received funding from the Czech Science Foundation (grant nr. 20-28119S) and the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). MH received funding from the Baden-Wurttemberg Ministry of Science, Research and Arts via the project DRIeR (Drought impacts, processes and resilience: making the in-visible visible). LH received funding from International Polar Year, Weston Foundation, and ArcticNet. DH received funding from Natural Sciences and Engineering Council (Canada) (RGPIN-06691). TTH received funding from Independent Research Fund Denmark (grant no. 8021-00423B) and Villum Foundation (grant no. 17523). Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (projects LM2015078, VAN2020/01 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001708). KH, CG and CJD received funding from Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University and from the Swedish research council Formas [grant n:o 2014-00530 to KH]. JJ received funding from the Funding Org. Swedish Forest Society Foundation (grant nr. 2018-485-Steg 2 2017) and Swedish Research Council FORMAS (grant nr. 2018-00792). AJ received funding from the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research BMBF (Grant Nr. FKZ 031B0516C SUSALPS) and the Oberfrankenstiftung (Grant Nr. OFS FP00237). ISJ received funding from the Energy Research Fund (NYR-11 - 2019, NYR-18 - 2020). TJ was supported by a UK NERC Independent Research Fellowship (grant number: NE/S01537X/1). RJ received funding from National Science Centre of Poland (grant number: 2016/21/B/ST10/02271) and Polish National Centre for Research and Development (grant number: Pol-Nor/203258/31/2013). VK received funding from the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). AAK received funding from MoEFCC, Govt of India (AICOPTAX project F. No. 22018/12/2015/RE/Tax). NK received funding from FORMAS (grants nr. 2018-01781, 2018-02700, 2019-00836), VR, support from the research infrastructure ICOS-SE. BK received funding from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary (grant nr. K128441). Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (projects LM2015078 and CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001708). Project B1-RNM-163-UGR-18-Programa Operativo FEDER 2018, partially funded data collection. Norwegian Research Council (NORKLIMA grants #184912 and #244525) awarded to Vigdis Vandvik. MM received funding from the Czech Science Foundation (grant nr. 20-28119S) and the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). Project CONICYT-PAI 79170119 and ANID-MPG 190029 awarded to Roy Mackenzie. This work was partly funded by project MIUR PON Cluster OT4CLIMA. RM received funding from the SNF project number 407340_172433. FM received funding from the Stelvio National Park. PM received funding from AIAS-COFUND fellowship programme supported by the Marie Skodowska- Curie actions under the European Union's Seventh Framework Pro-gramme for Research, Technological development and Demonstration (grant agreement no 609033) and the Aarhus University Research Foundation, Denmark. RM received funding from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (project LTT17033). SM and VM received funding from EU FP6 NitroEurope (grant nr. 17841), EU FP7 ECLAIRE (grant nr. 282910), the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine (projects nr. 505, 550, 574, 602), GEF-UNEP funded "Toward INMS" project (grant nr. NEC05348) and ENI CBC BSB PONTOS (grant nr. BSB 889). The authors from Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, PDBFF, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Brazil were supported by the MCTI/CNPq/FNDCT - AcAo Transversal no68/2013 - Programa de Grande Escala da Biosfera-Atmosfera na Amazonia - LBA; Project 'Como as florestas da Amazonia Central respondem as variacoes climaticas? Efeitos sobre dinamica florestal e sinergia com a fragmentacAo florestal'. FJRM was financially supported by the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (VICI grant 016.VICI.170.072) and Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-SBO grant S000619N). STM received funding from New Frontiers in Research Fund-Exploration (grant nr. NFRF-2018-02043) and NSERC Discovery. MMR received funding from the Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research Award (grant nr. DE180100570). JAM received funding from the National Science Foundation (DEB 1557094), International Center for Advanced Renewable Energy and Sustainability (I-CARES) at Washington University in St. Louis, ForestGEO, and Tyson Research Center. IM-S was funded by the UK Natural Environment Research Council through the ShrubTundra Project (NE/M016323/1). MBN received funding from FORMAS, VR, Kempe Foundations support from the research infrastructures ICOS and SITES. MDN received funding from CONICET (grant nr. PIP 112-201501-00609). Spanish Ministry of Science grant PID2019-110521GB-I00 and Catalan government grant 2017-1005. French National Research Agency (ANR) in the frame of the Cluster of Excellence COTE (project HydroBeech, ANR-10-LABX-45). VLIR-OUS, under the Institutional University Coorperation programme (IUC) with Mountains of the Moon University. Project LAS III 77/2017/B entitled: \"Estimation of net carbon dioxide fluxes exchanged between the forest ecosystem on post-agricultural land and between the tornado-damaged forest area and the atmosphere using spectroscopic and numerical methods\", source of funding: General Directorate of State Forests, Warsaw, Poland. Max Planck Society (Germany), RFBR, Krasnoyarsk Territory and Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science, project number 20-45-242908. Estonian Research Council (PRG609), and the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange). Canada-Denmark Arctic Research Station Early Career Scientist Exchange Program, from Polar knowledge Canada (POLAR) and the Danish Agency for Science and Higher Education. AP received funding from Fondecyt 1180205, CONICYT PIA AFB170008 and ANID PIA / BASAL FB210006. MP received funding from the Funding Org. Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (grant nr. 2015.0047), and acknowledges funding from the Swedish Research Council (VR) with contributing research institutes to both the SITES and ICOS Sweden infrastructures. JP and RO were funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science grant PID2019-110521GB-I00, the fundacion Ramon Areces grant ELEMENTAL-CLIMATE, and the Catalan government grant 2017-1005. MPB received funding from the Svalbard Environmental Protection Fund (grant project number 15/128) and the Research Council of Norway (Arctic Field Grant, project number 269957). RP received funding from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (grant INTER-TRANSFER nr. LTT20017). LTSER Zone Atelier Alpes; Federation FREE-Alpes. RP received funding from a Humboldt Fellowship for Experienced Researchers. Prokushkin AS and Zyryanov VI contribution has been supported by the RFBR grant #18-05-60203-Arktika. RPu received founding from the Polish National Science Centre (grant project number 2017/27/B/NZ8/00316). ODYSSEE project (ANR-13-ISV7-0004, PN-II-ID-JRP-RO-FR-2012). KR was supported through an Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. Fieldwork was supported by the Global Challenges program at the University of Wollongong, the ARC the Australian Antarctic Division and INACH. DR was funded by the project SUBANTECO IPEV 136 (French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor), Zone Atelier CNRS Antarctique et Terres Australes, SAD Region Bretagne (Project INFLICT), BiodivERsa 2019-2020 BioDivClim call 'ASICS' (ANR-20-EBI5-0004). SAR received funding from the Australian Research Council. NSF grant #1556772 to the University of Notre Dame. Pavia University (Italy). OR received funding from EU-LEAP-Agri (RAMSES II), EU-DESIRA (CASSECS), EU-H2020 (SustainSahel), AGROPOLIS and TOTAL Foundations (DSCATT), CGIAR (GLDC). AR was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (Grant 18-74-10048). Parc national des Ecrins. JS received funding from Vetenskapsradet grant nr (No: 2014-04270), ALTER-net multi-site grant, River LIFE project (LIFE08 NAT/S/000266), Flexpeil. Helmholtz Association long-term research program TERENO (Terrestrial Environmental Observatories). PS received funding from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education (grant nr. N N305 304840). AS acknowledges funding by ETH Zurich project FEVER ETH-27 19-1. LSC received funding from NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship (Doctoral) Program; LSC was also supported by ArcticNet-NCE (insert grant #). Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (141513/2017-9); FundacAo Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (E26/200.84/2019). ZS received funding from the SRDA (grants nos. APVV-16-0325 and APVV-20-0365) and from the ERDF (grant no. ITMS 313011S735, CE LignoSilva). JS, MB and CA received funding from core budget of ETH Zurich. State excellence Program M-V \"WETSCAPES\". AfricanBioServices project funded by the EU Horizon 2020 grant number 641918. The authors from KIT/IMK-IFU acknowledge the funding received within the German Terrestrial Environmental Observatories (TERENO) research program of the Helmholtz Association and from the Bavarian Ministry of the Environment and Public Health (UGV06080204000). Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation), project number 192626868, in the framework of the collaborative German-Indonesian research project CRC 990 (SFB): 'EFForTS, Ecological and Socioeconomic Functions of Tropical Lowland Rainforest Transformation Systems (Sumatra, Indonesia)'. MS received funding from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic (grant nr. INTER-TRANSFER LTT19018). TT received funding from the Swedish National Space Board (SNSB Dnr 95/16) and the CASSECS project supported by the European Union. HJDT received funding from the UK Natural Environment Research Council (NERC doctoral training partnership grant NE/L002558/1). German Science Foundation (DFG) GraKo 2010 \"Response\". PDT received funding from the MEMOIRE project (PN-III-P1-1.1-PD2016-0925). Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II; JPMXD1420318865). JU received funding from Czech Science Foundation (grant nr. 21-11487S). TU received funding from the Romanian Ministry of Education and Research (CCCDI - UEFISCDI -project PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2019-4924 and PN2019-2022/19270201-Ctr. 25N BIODIVERS 3-BIOSERV). AV acknowledge funding from RSF, project 21-14-00209. GFV received funding from the Dutch Research Council NWO (Veni grant, no. 863.14.013). Australian Research Council Discovery Early Career Research Award DE140101611. FGAV received funding from the Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) under CEECIND/02509/2018, CESAM (UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020), FCT/MCTES through national funds, and the co-funding by the FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement and Compete 2020. Ordesa y Monte Perdido National Park. MVI received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation through a doctoral grant (FPU17/05869). JW received funding from the Czech Science Foundation (grant nr. 20-28119S) and the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant nr. RVO 67985939). CR and SW received funding from the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN) and the de Giacomi foundation. YY received funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant no. 41861134039 and 41941015). ZY received funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nr. 41877458). FZ received funding from the Swiss National Science Foundation (grant nr. 172198 and 193645). PZ received funding from the Funding Org. Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (grant no. 2015.0047). JL received funding from (i) the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), under the framework of the young investigators (JCJC) funding instrument (ANR JCJC Grant project NoANR-19-CE32-0005-01: IMPRINT) (ii) the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) (Defi INFINITI 2018: MORFO); and the Structure Federative de Recherche (SFR) Condorcet (FR CNRS 3417: CREUSE). Fieldwork in the Arctic got facilitated by funding from the EU INTERACT program. SN, UAT, JJA and JvO would like to thank the field team of the Vegetation Dynamics group for their efforts and hard work. We acknowledge Dominique Tristan for letting access to the field. For the logistic support the crew of INACH and Gabriel de Castilla Station team on Deception Island. We thank the Inuvialuit and Kluane First Nations for the opportunity to work on their land. MAdP acknowledges fieldwork assistance and logistics support to Unidad de Tecnologia Marina CSIC, and the crew of Juan Carlos I and Gabriel de Castilla Spanish Antarctic Stations, as well as to the different colleagues from UAH that helped on the instrument maintenance. ERF acknowledges fieldwork assistance by Martin Heggli. MBG acknowledges fieldwork and technical assistance by P Abadia, C Benede, P Bravo, J Gomez, M Grasa, R Jimenez, H Miranda, B Ponz, J Revilla and P Tejero and the Ordesa and Monte Perdido National Park staff. LH acknowledges field assistance by John Jacobs, Andrew Trant, Robert Way, Darroch Whitaker; we acknowledge the Inuit of Nunatsiavut, and the Co-management Board of Torngat Mountains National Park for their support of this project and acknowledge that the field research was conducted on their traditional lands. We thank our many bear guides, especially Boonie, Eli, Herman, John and Maria Merkuratsuk. AAK acknowledges field support of Akhtar Malik, Rameez Ahmad. Part of microclimatic records from Saxony was funded by the Saxon Switzerland National Park Administration. Tyson Research Center. JP acknowledges field support of Emmanuel Malet (Edytem) and Rangers of Reserves Naturelles de Haute-Savoie (ASTERS). Practical help: Roel H. Janssen, N. Huig, E. Bakker, Schools in the tepaseforsoket, Forskar fredag, Erik Herberg. The support by the Bavarian Forest National Park administration is highly appreciated. LvdB acknowledges CONAF and onsite support from the park rangers from PN Pan de Azucar, PN La Campana, PN Nahuelbuta and from communidad agricola Quebrada de Talca. JL and FS acknowledge Manuel Nicolas and all forest officers from the Office National des Forets (ONF) who are in charge of the RENECOFOR network and who provided help and local support for the installation and maintenance of temperature loggers in the field., Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 p ixels ( summarized f rom 8 519 u nique t emperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications., FWO G018919N W001919N 12P1819N, DOB Ecology, University of Helsinki, Faculty of Science (MICROCLIM) 7510145, European Research Council (ERC) FORMICA 757833, Arctic Interactions at the University of Oulu, Academy of Finland 318930 337552, Maaja vesitekniikan tuki ry., Tiina and Antti Herlin Foundation, Nordenskiold Samfundet, Societas pro Fauna et Flora Fennica, Grant Agency of the Czech Republic 20-28119S 20-05840Y GA17-19376S 21-11487S, Czech Academy of Sciences RVO 67985939, National Geographic Society 9480-14 WW-240R-17, CISSC (program ICRP) 2397, Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) 96005914, Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services Division, Qatar Petroleum QUEX-CAS-QP-RD-18/19, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program 678841, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF), European Commission 172198 193645 31003A_176044, Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic LTAUSA19137, Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation FSRZ-2020-0014, Independent Research Fund Denmark 8021-00423B 7027-00133B, German Research Foundation (DFG) DFG- FZT 118 202548816 TI 338/14-1 TI 338/14-2 BA 3843/6-1, grant project VEGA of the Ministry of Education of the Slovak Republic Slovak Academy of Sciences 2/0132/18, Forestry Commission, Universidad Javeriana, Direccion General de Cambio Climatico del Gobierno de Aragon, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under the Marie Skodowska-Curie Grant 657627 SNF 407340_172433 40FA40_154245 20FI21_148992 20FI20_173691, European Commission 17841 774124, MCTI/CNPq/FNDCT 68/2013, Project 'Como as florestas da Amazonia Central respondem as variacoes climaticas? Efeitos sobre dinamica florestal e sinergia com a fragmentacAo florestal', Spanish Government, European Commission CGL2016-78093-R, ANID-FONDECYT 1181745, National Science Foundation, Poland UMO-2017/27/B/ST10/02228, National Research Foundation - South Africa, Australian Research Council, Slovak Research and Development Agency APVV-19-0319, Instituto Antartico Chileno INACH_RT-48_16 INACH FR-0418, Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) PIA APOYO CCTE AFB170008 PIA AFB170008, UK Research & Innovation (UKRI), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Research Council of Norway, European Commission 230970, NERC E3 doctoral training partnership grant at the University of Edinburgh NE/L002558/1, Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland, Gobern of Spain PERMAPLANET CTM2009-10165-E ANTARPERMA CTM2011-15565-E PERMASNOW CTM2014-52021-R, University of Alcala, Spanish Polar Committee, Autonomous Province of Bolzano (ITA), ScotNature, NERC National Capability LTS-S: UK-SCAPE NE/R016429/1, Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic LTAUSA18007, Kempe Foundation JCK-1112 JCK-1822, Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic within the National Sustainability Programme I (NPU I) LO1415, project for national infrastructure support CzeCOS/ICOS LM2015061 GLORIA-EU EVK2-CT2000-00056, Tiroler Wissenschaftsfonds, University of Innsbruck, Sime Darby Foundation, Jardin Botanico Atlantico SV-20-GIJON-JBA, Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) 01LL0912 01LG1201M 01LG1201N, Comision Nacional de Investigacion Cientifica y Tecnologica (CONICYT) CONICYT FONDECYT 11170516 1180205, ANID PIA / BASAL FB210006, National Parks (DYNBIO) 1656/2015, Spanish Research Agency (VULBIMON) CGL2017-90040-R, Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) 20FI20_173691, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) 206/D16053 FWO G0H1517N, EU Horizon2020 INFRAIA project eLTER-PLUS 871128, project LTER-CWN (FFG, F&E Infrastrukturforderung) 858024, Austrian Climate Research Program ACRP7 - CentForCSink - KR14AC7K11960, iDiv by the German Research Foundation DFG- FZT 118 202548816, Baden-Wurttemberg Ministry of Science, Research and Arts, Weston Foundation, ArcticNet, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) RGPIN-06691, Villum Foundation 17523, Ministry of Education, Youth & Sports - Czech Republic LM2015078 VAN2020/01 CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001708 LTT17033 LTT20017 INTER-TRANSFER LTT19018, Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Swedish Research Council Swedish Research Council Formas 2014-00530 2018-00792 2016-01187, Swedish Forest Society Foundation 2018-485-Steg 2 2017, Federal Ministry of Education & Research (BMBF) FKZ 031B0516C SUSALPS, Oberfrankenstiftung OFS FP00237, Energy Research Fund NYR-11 - 2019 NYR-18 - 2020, UK NERC Independent Research Fellowship NE/S01537X/1, National Science Centre, Poland 2016/21/B/ST10/02271, Polish National Centre for Research and Development Pol-Nor/203258/31/2013, MoEFCC, Govt of India (AICOPTAX project) 22018/12/2015/RE/Tax, Swedish Research Council Formas 2018-01781 2018-02700 2019-00836, research infrastructure ICOS-SE, National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary K128441, Programa Operativo FEDER 2018 B1-RNM-163-UGR-18, Norwegian Research Council (NORKLIMA grants) 184912 244525, CONICYT-PAI 79170119, ANID-MPG 190029, project MIUR PON Cluster OT4CLIMA, Stelvio National Park, AIAS-COFUND fellowship programme - Marie Skodowska- Curie actions under the European Union's Seventh Framework Pro-gramme for Research, Technological development and Demonstration 609033, Aarhus University Research Foundation, Denmark, EU FP6 NitroEurope 17841, EU FP7 ECLAIRE 282910, Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine 505 550 574 602, GEF-UNEP NEC05348, ENI CBC BSB PONTOS BSB 889, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) 016.VICI.170.072, New Frontiers in Research Fund-Exploration NFRF-2018-02043, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC), Australian Research Council DE180100570, National Science Foundation (NSF) DEB 1557094, International Center for Advanced Renewable Energy and Sustainability (I-CARES) at Washington University in St. Louis, Smithsonian Institution Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Tyson Research Center, UK Natural Environment Research Council through the ShrubTundra Project NE/M016323/1, Swedish Research Council Formas Swedish Research Council, Kempe Foundations - research infrastructure ICOS Kempe Foundations - research infrastructure SITES, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cientificas y Tecnicas (CONICET) PIP 112-201501-00609, Spanish Government PID2019-110521GB-I00, Catalan government 2017-1005, French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-10-LABX-45, General Directorate of State Forests, Warsaw, Poland, Max Planck Society, Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR), Krasnoyarsk Territory Krasnoyarsk Regional Fund of Science 20-45-242908, Estonian Research Council PRG609, Knut & Alice Wallenberg Foundation 2015.0047, Swedish Research Council, fundacion Ramon Areces grant ELEMENTAL-CLIMATE, Svalbard Environmental Protection Fund 15/128, Research Council of Norway 269957, Humboldt Fellowship for Experienced Researchers, Russian Foundation for Basic Research (RFBR) 18-05-60203-Arktika, Polish National Science Centre 2017/27/B/NZ8/00316, ODYSSEE project (PN-II-ID-JRP-RO-FR-2012) ANR-13-ISV7-0004, Australian Government, Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Global Challenges program at the University of Wollongong, ARC the Australian Antarctic Division, INACH, project SUBANTECO IPEV 136 (French Polar Institute Paul-Emile Victor), Zone Atelier CNRS Antarctique et Terres Australes, SAD Region Bretagne (Project INFLICT), BiodivERsa 2019-2020 BioDivClim call 'ASICS' ANR-20-EBI5-0004, National Science Foundation (NSF) 1556772, EU-LEAP-Agri (RAMSES II) EU-DESIRA (CASSECS) EU-H2020 (SustainSahel), AGROPOLIS, Total SA, CGIAR, Russian Science Foundation (RSF) 18-74-10048, Swedish Research Council 2014-04270, ALTER-net multi-site grant, River LIFE project LIFE08 NAT/S/000266, Flexpeil, Ministry of Science and Higher Education, Poland N N305 304840, ETH Zurich FEVER ETH-27 19-1, NSERC Canada Graduate Scholarship (Doctoral) Program, ArcticNet-NCE, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ) 141513/2017-9, Fundacao Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado do Rio De Janeiro (FAPERJ) E26/200.84/2019, SRDA APVV-16-0325 APVV-20-0365, ERDF (CE LignoSilva) ITMS 313011S735, ETH Zurich, EU Horizon 2020 641918, German Terrestrial Environmental Observatories (TERENO) research program of the Helmholtz Association, Bavarian Ministry of the Environment and Public Health UGV06080204000 German Research Foundation (DFG) 192626868, Swedish National Space Board (SNSB) 95/16, CASSECS project by the European Union, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) NE/L002558/1, MEMOIRE project PN-III-P1-1.1-PD2016-0925, Arctic Challenge for Sustainability II (ArCS II) JPMXD1420318865, Consiliul National al Cercetarii Stiintifice (CNCS), Unitatea Executiva pentru Finantarea Invatamantului Superior, a Cercetarii, Dezvoltarii si Inovarii (UEFISCDI) PN-III-P2-2.1-PED-2019-4924 PN2019-2022/19270201, 25N BIODIVERS 3-BIOSERV, Russian Science Foundation (RSF) 21-14-00209., Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research (NWO) 863.14.013, Australian Research Council DE140101611, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology CEECIND/02509/2018 CESAM UIDP/50017/2020+UIDB/50017/2020, Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology European Commission, FEDER, within the PT2020 Partnership Agreement, Compete 2020, Spanish Government FPU17/05869, Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), Giacomi foundation, National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) 41861134039 41941015 41877458, French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-19-CE32-0005-01 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Structure Federative de Recherche (SFR) Condorcet (FR CNRS 3417: CREUSE), EU INTERACT program, Inuit of Nunatsiavut, Co-management Board of Torngat Mountains National Park, Saxon Switzerland National Park Administration, Bavarian Forest National Park administration, BECC - Biodiversity and Ecosystem services in a Changing Climate, Research Foundation Flanders (FWO-SBO) S000619N

Published
2021

30. Empirical Models for Estimating Air Temperature Using MODIS Land Surface Temperature (and Spatiotemporal Variables) in the Hurd Peninsula of Livingston Island, Antarctica, between 2000 and 2016

Author

Recondo, Carmen, primary, Corbea-Pérez, Alejandro, additional, Peón, Juanjo, additional, Pendás, Enrique, additional, Ramos, Miguel, additional, Calleja, Javier F., additional, de Pablo, Miguel Ángel, additional, Fernández, Susana, additional, and Corrales, José Antonio, additional

Published
2022
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32. Global maps of soil temperature

Author

Lembrechts, Jonas J., van den Hoogen, Johan, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B., De Frenne, Pieter, Kemppinen, Julia, Kopecký, Martin, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya M. D., Crowther, Thomas W., Bailey, Joseph J., Haesen, Stef, Klinges, David H., Niittynen, Pekka, Scheffers, Brett R., Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Aartsma, Peter, Abdalaze, Otar, Abedi, Mehdi, Aerts, Rien, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahrends, Antje, Alatalo, Juha M., Alexander, Jake M., Allonsius, Camille Nina, Altman, Jan, Ammann, Christof, Andres, Christian, Andrews, Christopher, Ardö, Jonas, Arriga, Nicola, Arzac, Alberto, Aschero, Valeria, Assis, Rafael L., Assmann, Jakob Johann, Bader, Maaike Y., Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Barančok, Peter, Barrio, Isabel C., Barros, Agustina, Barthel, Matti, Basham, Edmund W., Bauters, Marijn, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Belelli Marchesini, Luca, Bell, Michael C., Benavides, Juan C., Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berauer, Bernd J., Bjerke, Jarle W., Björk, Robert G., Björkman, Mats P., Björnsdóttir, Katrin, Blonder, Benjamin, Boeckx, Pascal, Boike, Julia, Bokhorst, Stef, Brum, Bárbara N. S., Brůna, Josef, Buchmann, Nina, Buysse, Pauline, Camargo, Jose Luis C., Campoe, Otavio, Candan, Onur, Canessa, Rafaella, Cannone, Nicoletta, Carbognani, Michele, Carnicer, Jofre, Casanova-Katny, Angélica, Cesarz, Simone, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Choler, Philippe, Chown, Steven L., Cifuentes, Edgar F., Čiliak, Marek, Contador, Tamara, Convey, Peter, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Cremonese, Eodardo, Curasi, Salvatore R., Curtis, Robin, Cutini, Maurizio, Dahlberg, C. Johan, Daskalova, Gergana N., de Pablo, Miguel Angel, Della Chiesa, Stefano, Dengler, Jürgen, Deronde, Bart, Di Cecco, Valter, Di Musciano, Michele, Dick, Jan, Dimarco, Romina D., Dolezal, Jiri, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Dusek, Jiri, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eklundh, Lars, Erickson, Todd E., Erschbamer, Brigitta, Eugster, Werner, Ewers, Robert M., Exton, Dan A., Fanin, Nicolas, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Feigenwinter, Iris, Fenu, Giuseppe, Ferlian, Olga, Fernández Calzado, M. Rosa, Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo, Finckh, Manfred, Finger Higgens, Rebecca, Forte, T'ai G. W., Freeman, Erika C., Frei, Esther R., Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo, García, Rafael A., García, María B., Géron, Charly, Gharun, Mana, Ghosn, Dany, Gigauri, Khatuna, Gobin, Anne, Goded, Ignacio, Goeckede, Mathias, Gottschall, Felix, Goulding, Keith, Govaert, Sanne, Jessen Graae, Bente, Greenwood, Sarah, Greiser, Caroline, Grelle, Achim, Guénard, Benoït, Guglielmin, Mauro, Guillemot, Joannès, Haase, Peter, Haider, Sylvia, Halbritter, Aud H., Hamid, Maroof, Hammerle, Albin, Hampe, Arndt, Haugum, Siri V., Hederová, Lucia, Heinesch, Bernard, Helfters, Carole, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Herberich, Maximiliane, Herbst, Mathias, Hermanutz, Luise, Hik, David S., Hoffrén, Raúl, Homeier, Jürgen, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Hoye, Toke T., Hrbacek, Filip, Hylander, Kristoffer, Iwata, Hiroki, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin, Jactel, Hervé, Järveoja, Järvi, Jastrzębowski, Szymon, Jentsch, Anke, Jiménez, Juan J., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Jucker, Tommaso, Jump, Alistair S., Juszczak, Radoslaw, Kanka, Robert, Kašpar, Vít, Kazakis, George, Kelly, Julia, Khuroo, Anzar A., Klemedtsson, Leif, Klisz, Marcin, Kljun, Natascha, Knohl, Alexander, Kobler, Johannes, Kollár, Jozef, Kotowska, Martyna M., Kovács, Bence, Kreyling, Juergen, Lamprecht, Andrea, Lang, Simone I., Larson, Christian, Larson, Keith, Laska, Kamil, Le Maire, Guerric, Leihy, Rachel I., Lens, Luc, Liljebladh, Bengt, Lohila, Annalea, Lorite, Juan, Loubet, Benjamin, Lynn, Joshua, Macek, Martin, Mackenzie, Roy, Magliulo, Enzo, Maier, Regine, Malfasi, Francesco, Malis, František, Man, Matěj, Manca, Giovanni, Manco, Antonio, Manise, Tanguy, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Marciniak, Felipe, Matula, Radim, Mazzolari, Ana Clara, Medinets, Volodymyr, Meeussen, Camille, Merinero, Sonia, de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, Rita, Meusburger, Katrin, Meysman, Filip J.R., Michaletz, Sean T., Milbau, Ann, Moiseev, Dmitry, Moiseev, Pavel, Mondoni, Andrea, Monfries, Ruth, Montagnani, Leonardo, Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel, Morra di Cella, Umberto, Mörsdorf, Martin, Mosedale, Jonnathan R., Muffler, Lena, Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam, Myers, Jonnathan A., Myers-Smith, Isla H., Nagy, Laszlo, Nardino, Marianna, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Newling, Emily, Nicklas, Lena, Niedrist, Georg, Niessner, Armin, Nilsson, Mats B., Normand, Signe, Nosetto, Marcelo, Nouvellon, Yann, Nunez, Martin, Ogaya, Romà, Ogée, Jérôme, Okello, Joseph, Olejnik, Janusz, Olesen, Jørgen Eivind, Opedal, Oystein H., Orsenigo, Simone, Palaj, Andrej, Pampuch, Timo, Panov, Alexey V., Pärtel, Meelis, Pastor, Ada, Pauchard, Anibal, Pauli, Harald, Pavelka, Marian, Pearse, William D., Peichl, Matthias, Pellissier, Loïc, Penczykowski, Rachel M., Peñuelas, Josep, Petit Bon, Matteo, Petraglia, Alessandro, Phartyal, Shyam S., Phoenix, Gareth K., Pio, Casimiro, Pitacco, Andrea, Pitteloud, Camille, Plichta, Roman, Porro, Francesco, Portillo-Estrada, Miguel, Poulenard, Jérôme, Poyatos, Rafael, Prokushkin, Anatoly S., Puchalka, Radoslaw, Puscas, Mihai, Radujković, Dajana, Randall, Krystal, Ratier Backes, Amanda, Remmele, Sabine, Remmers, Wolfram, Renault, David, Risch, Anita C., Rixen, Christian, Robinson, Sharon A., Robroek, Bjorn J.M., Rocha, Adrian V., Rossi, Christian, Rossi, Graziano, Roupsard, Olivier, et al., Lembrechts, Jonas J., van den Hoogen, Johan, Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B., De Frenne, Pieter, Kemppinen, Julia, Kopecký, Martin, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya M. D., Crowther, Thomas W., Bailey, Joseph J., Haesen, Stef, Klinges, David H., Niittynen, Pekka, Scheffers, Brett R., Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Aartsma, Peter, Abdalaze, Otar, Abedi, Mehdi, Aerts, Rien, Ahmadian, Negar, Ahrends, Antje, Alatalo, Juha M., Alexander, Jake M., Allonsius, Camille Nina, Altman, Jan, Ammann, Christof, Andres, Christian, Andrews, Christopher, Ardö, Jonas, Arriga, Nicola, Arzac, Alberto, Aschero, Valeria, Assis, Rafael L., Assmann, Jakob Johann, Bader, Maaike Y., Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Barančok, Peter, Barrio, Isabel C., Barros, Agustina, Barthel, Matti, Basham, Edmund W., Bauters, Marijn, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Belelli Marchesini, Luca, Bell, Michael C., Benavides, Juan C., Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berauer, Bernd J., Bjerke, Jarle W., Björk, Robert G., Björkman, Mats P., Björnsdóttir, Katrin, Blonder, Benjamin, Boeckx, Pascal, Boike, Julia, Bokhorst, Stef, Brum, Bárbara N. S., Brůna, Josef, Buchmann, Nina, Buysse, Pauline, Camargo, Jose Luis C., Campoe, Otavio, Candan, Onur, Canessa, Rafaella, Cannone, Nicoletta, Carbognani, Michele, Carnicer, Jofre, Casanova-Katny, Angélica, Cesarz, Simone, Chojnicki, Bogdan, Choler, Philippe, Chown, Steven L., Cifuentes, Edgar F., Čiliak, Marek, Contador, Tamara, Convey, Peter, Cooper, Elisabeth J., Cremonese, Eodardo, Curasi, Salvatore R., Curtis, Robin, Cutini, Maurizio, Dahlberg, C. Johan, Daskalova, Gergana N., de Pablo, Miguel Angel, Della Chiesa, Stefano, Dengler, Jürgen, Deronde, Bart, Di Cecco, Valter, Di Musciano, Michele, Dick, Jan, Dimarco, Romina D., Dolezal, Jiri, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Dusek, Jiri, Eisenhauer, Nico, Eklundh, Lars, Erickson, Todd E., Erschbamer, Brigitta, Eugster, Werner, Ewers, Robert M., Exton, Dan A., Fanin, Nicolas, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Feigenwinter, Iris, Fenu, Giuseppe, Ferlian, Olga, Fernández Calzado, M. Rosa, Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo, Finckh, Manfred, Finger Higgens, Rebecca, Forte, T'ai G. W., Freeman, Erika C., Frei, Esther R., Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo, García, Rafael A., García, María B., Géron, Charly, Gharun, Mana, Ghosn, Dany, Gigauri, Khatuna, Gobin, Anne, Goded, Ignacio, Goeckede, Mathias, Gottschall, Felix, Goulding, Keith, Govaert, Sanne, Jessen Graae, Bente, Greenwood, Sarah, Greiser, Caroline, Grelle, Achim, Guénard, Benoït, Guglielmin, Mauro, Guillemot, Joannès, Haase, Peter, Haider, Sylvia, Halbritter, Aud H., Hamid, Maroof, Hammerle, Albin, Hampe, Arndt, Haugum, Siri V., Hederová, Lucia, Heinesch, Bernard, Helfters, Carole, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Herberich, Maximiliane, Herbst, Mathias, Hermanutz, Luise, Hik, David S., Hoffrén, Raúl, Homeier, Jürgen, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Hoye, Toke T., Hrbacek, Filip, Hylander, Kristoffer, Iwata, Hiroki, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin, Jactel, Hervé, Järveoja, Järvi, Jastrzębowski, Szymon, Jentsch, Anke, Jiménez, Juan J., Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg S., Jucker, Tommaso, Jump, Alistair S., Juszczak, Radoslaw, Kanka, Robert, Kašpar, Vít, Kazakis, George, Kelly, Julia, Khuroo, Anzar A., Klemedtsson, Leif, Klisz, Marcin, Kljun, Natascha, Knohl, Alexander, Kobler, Johannes, Kollár, Jozef, Kotowska, Martyna M., Kovács, Bence, Kreyling, Juergen, Lamprecht, Andrea, Lang, Simone I., Larson, Christian, Larson, Keith, Laska, Kamil, Le Maire, Guerric, Leihy, Rachel I., Lens, Luc, Liljebladh, Bengt, Lohila, Annalea, Lorite, Juan, Loubet, Benjamin, Lynn, Joshua, Macek, Martin, Mackenzie, Roy, Magliulo, Enzo, Maier, Regine, Malfasi, Francesco, Malis, František, Man, Matěj, Manca, Giovanni, Manco, Antonio, Manise, Tanguy, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Marciniak, Felipe, Matula, Radim, Mazzolari, Ana Clara, Medinets, Volodymyr, Meeussen, Camille, Merinero, Sonia, de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, Rita, Meusburger, Katrin, Meysman, Filip J.R., Michaletz, Sean T., Milbau, Ann, Moiseev, Dmitry, Moiseev, Pavel, Mondoni, Andrea, Monfries, Ruth, Montagnani, Leonardo, Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel, Morra di Cella, Umberto, Mörsdorf, Martin, Mosedale, Jonnathan R., Muffler, Lena, Muñoz-Rojas, Miriam, Myers, Jonnathan A., Myers-Smith, Isla H., Nagy, Laszlo, Nardino, Marianna, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Newling, Emily, Nicklas, Lena, Niedrist, Georg, Niessner, Armin, Nilsson, Mats B., Normand, Signe, Nosetto, Marcelo, Nouvellon, Yann, Nunez, Martin, Ogaya, Romà, Ogée, Jérôme, Okello, Joseph, Olejnik, Janusz, Olesen, Jørgen Eivind, Opedal, Oystein H., Orsenigo, Simone, Palaj, Andrej, Pampuch, Timo, Panov, Alexey V., Pärtel, Meelis, Pastor, Ada, Pauchard, Anibal, Pauli, Harald, Pavelka, Marian, Pearse, William D., Peichl, Matthias, Pellissier, Loïc, Penczykowski, Rachel M., Peñuelas, Josep, Petit Bon, Matteo, Petraglia, Alessandro, Phartyal, Shyam S., Phoenix, Gareth K., Pio, Casimiro, Pitacco, Andrea, Pitteloud, Camille, Plichta, Roman, Porro, Francesco, Portillo-Estrada, Miguel, Poulenard, Jérôme, Poyatos, Rafael, Prokushkin, Anatoly S., Puchalka, Radoslaw, Puscas, Mihai, Radujković, Dajana, Randall, Krystal, Ratier Backes, Amanda, Remmele, Sabine, Remmers, Wolfram, Renault, David, Risch, Anita C., Rixen, Christian, Robinson, Sharon A., Robroek, Bjorn J.M., Rocha, Adrian V., Rossi, Christian, Rossi, Graziano, Roupsard, Olivier, and et al.

Abstract

Research in global change ecology relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature in open areas at around 2 m above the ground. These climatic grids do not reflect conditions below vegetation canopies and near the ground surface, where critical ecosystem functions occur and most terrestrial species reside. Here, we provide global maps of soil temperature and bioclimatic variables at a 1-km2 resolution for 0–5 and 5–15 cm soil depth. These maps were created by calculating the difference (i.e. offset) between in situ soil temperature measurements, based on time series from over 1200 1-km2 pixels (summarized from 8519 unique temperature sensors) across all the world's major terrestrial biomes, and coarse-grained air temperature estimates from ERA5-Land (an atmospheric reanalysis by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts). We show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C (mean = 3.0 ± 2.1°C), with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Over the year, soils in cold and/or dry biomes are substantially warmer (+3.6 ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are on average slightly cooler (−0.7 ± 2.3°C). The observed substantial and biome-specific offsets emphasize that the projected impacts of climate and climate change on near-surface biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments. The global soil-related bioclimatic variables provided here are an important step forward for any application in ecology and related disciplines. Nevertheless, we highlight the need to fill remaining geographic gaps by collecting more in situ measurements of microclimate conditions to further enhance the spatiotemporal resolution of global soil temperature products for ecological applications.

Published
2022

33. Mismatches between soil and air temperature

Author

Vaccari, Francesco, Seipel, Tim, Kljun, Natascha, Radujković, Dajana, Crowther, Thomas, Grelle, Achim, Mondoni, Andrea, Finckh, Manfred, Wang, Yifeng, Abedi, Mehdi, Simpson, Elizabeth, Verheijen, Frank, Andres, Christian, Assis, Rafael, Descombes, Patrice, Manco, Antonio, Lens , Luc, Pitacco, Andrea, Erfanian, Mohammad, Phoenix, Gareth, Iwata, Hiroki, de Andrade, Ana, Medinets, Sergiy, Dušek, Jiří, Bruna, Josef, Svoboda, Miroslav, Aalto, Juha, Buysse, Pauline, Lynn , Joshua, Hylander, Kristoffer, Rubtsov, Alexey, Macek, Martin, Freeman, Erika, Venn, Susanna, Bauters, Marijn, Puchalka, Radoslaw, Feigenwinter, Iris, Mackenzie, Roy, Tanneberger, Franziska, Normand, Signe, Tomaselli, Marcello, Okello, Joseph, Alatalo, Juha, Scharnweber, Tobias, Aerts, Rien, Wang, Runxi, Meysman, Filip, Jónsdóttir, Ingibjörg, Dimarco, Romina, Vandvik , Vigdis, Penczykowski, Rachel, Guénard, Benoit, Nouvellon, Yann, Spasojevic, Marko, Svátek, Martin, Barthel, Matti, Stanisci, Angela, Yu, Zicheng, Nuñez, Martin, Cesarz, Simone, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Candan, Onur, Jucker, Tommaso, Ahmadian, Negar, Way, Robert, Ashcroft, Michael, Kolle, Olaf, Pitteloud, Camille, Høye, Toke, Montagnani, Leonardo, Vittoz, Pascal, Dolezal, Jiri, Goeckede, Mathias, Schmidt, Marius, Moiseev, Dmitry, Goded, Ignacio, Benito-Alonso, José-Luis, di Cella, Umberto, Convey, Peter, Lorite, Juan, Sagot, Clotilde, Bader, Maaike, Shekhar, Ankit, Porro, Francesco, Jastrzebowski, Szymon, Manca, Giovanni, Helfter, Carole, Exton, Dan, Smith, Stuart, Olejnik, Janusz, Cremonese, Edoardo, Pearse, William, Jump, Alistair, Pastor, Ada, Sarneel, Judith, Matula, Radim, Pauli, Harald, Stemkovski, Michael, Dick, Jan, Lohila, Annalea, Trouillier, Mario, Man, Matěj, Björk, Robert, Sewerniak, Piotr, Géron, Charly, Bon, Matteo, Santos, Cinthya, Curtis, Robin, Kollár, Jozef, Vives-Ingla, Maria, Pio, Casimiro, DIAZ, Jose, Boike, Julia, Basham, Edmund, Liljebladh, Bengt, Rossi, Graziano, Siqueira, David, Mosedale, Jonathan, Varlagin, Andrej, Máliš, František, Laska, Kamil, RENAULT, David, Verbeeck, Hans, Heinesch, Bernard, García, María, Zhang, Zhaochen, Sidenko, Nikita, Poyatos, Rafael, Bjornsdottir, Katrin, Hrbacek, Filip, Andrews, Christopher, Senior, Rebecca, Jactel, Hervé, Wilmking, Martin, Choler, Philippe, Aschero, Valeria, Naujokaitis-Lewis, Ilona, Lamprecht, Andrea, Jimenez, Juan, Khuroo, Anzar, Phartyal, Shyam, Moiseev, Pavel, García, Rafael, Zyryanov, Viacheslav, Kemppinen, Julia, Yang , Yan, Van Geel, Maarten, Nardino, Marianna, Malfasi, Francesco, Haider, Sylvia, Hamid, Maroof, Leihy, Rachel, de Pablo, Miguel, Rossi, Christian, Urban, Anastasiya, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Bell, Michael, Marchesini, Luca, Urbaniak, Marek, Zong, Shengwei, Ammann, Christof, Bahalkeh, Khadijeh, Smiljanic, Marko, Uogintas, Domas, Xenakis, Georgios, Sitková, Zuzana, Stoll, Stefan, Haase, Peter, Hermanutz, Luise, Peichl, Matthias, Altman, Jan, Verbruggen, Erik, Čiliak, Marek, Thomas, Andrew, Assmann, Jakob, Tyystjärvi, Vilna, Panov, Alexey, Milbau, Ann, Nagy, Laszlo, Kelly, Julia, Pärtel, Meelis, Campoe, Otávio, Myers, Jonathan, Muffler, Lena, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Hoffrén, Raúl, Pavelka, Marian, Plichta, Roman, Munoz-Rojas, Miriam, Niittynen, Pekka, Daskalova, Gergana, Maclean, Ilya, Alexander, Jake, Carnicer, Jofre, Herbst, Mathias, Larson, Christian, Cannone, Nicoletta, Arzac, Alberto, Ujházyová, Mariana, Jentsch, Anke, Penuelas, Josep, Nosetto, Marcelo, Chown, Steven, Kanka, Róbert, Walz, Josefine, Rixen, Christian, Fernández-Pascual, Eduardo, Steinbauer, Klaus, Zellweger, Florian, Frei, Esther, Scott, Tony, Erickson, Todd, Luoto, Miska, Wedegärtner, Ronja, Bravo, Jhonatan, Ujházy, Karol, Zhang, Jian, Järveoja, Järvi, Nijs, Ivan, Olesen, Jørgen, Hepenstrick, Daniel, Greenwood, Sarah, Buchmann, Nina, von Oppen, Jonathan, Deronde, Bart, Merinero, Sonia, Semenchuk, Philipp, Myers-Smith, Isla, Steinwandter, Michael, Dengler, Jürgen, Hammerle, Albin, Kovács, Bence, Forte, Tai, Haugum, Siri, Klemedtsson, Leif, Homeier, Jürgen, Calzado, M., Chojnicki, Bogdan, Ardö, Jonas, Scholten, Thomas, Risch, Anita, Robroek, Bjorn, Larson, Keith, Nilsson, Matts, Higgens, Rebecca, Magliulo, Enzo, Gharun, Mana, Fenu, Giuseppe, Herberich, Maximiliane, Newling, Emily, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Orsenigo, Simone, Souza, José, Bokhorst, Stef, Knohl, Alexander, Spicher, Fabien, Di Cecco, Valter, Ogée, Jérôme, Ursu, Tudor-Mihai, Rocha, Adrian, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Björkman, Mats, Kreyling, Juergen, Treier, Urs, van den Hoogen, Johan, Loubet, Benjamin, Opedal, Øystein, Bazzichetto, Manuele, Vitale, Luca, Blonder, Benjamin, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Speed, James, Boeckx, Pascal, Ziemblińska, Klaudia, Dahlberg, C., Carbognani, Michele, Gobin, Anne, Remmers, Wolfram, Arriga, Nicola, Thomas, Haydn, Marciniak, Felipe, Remmele, Sabine, Collier, Laura, Wingate, Lisa, Seeber, Julia, Cooper, Elisabeth, Steinbrecher, Rainer, Barrio, Isabel, Hampe, Arndt, Ogaya, Romà, Michaletz, Sean, Moriana-Armendariz, Mikel, le Maire, Guerric, Abdalaze, Otar, Guillemot, Joannès, Mörsdorf, Martin, Canessa, Rafaella, Tanentzap, Andrew, Backes, Amanda, Poulenard, Jérôme, De Frenne, Pieter, Graae, Bente, Yu, Kailiang, Palaj, Andrej, Meeussen, Camille, Mazzolari, Ana, Casanova-Katny, Angélica, Manolaki, Paraskevi, Niessner, Armin, Van de Vondel, Stijn, Wohlfahrt, Georg, Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo, Bailey, Joseph, Petraglia, Alessandro, Kašpar, Vít, Goulding, Keith, Somers, Ben, Schwartz, Naomi, Smith-Tripp, Sarah, Lenoir, Jonathan, de Cássia Guimarães Mesquita, Rita, Aartsma, Peter, Urban, Josef, Eklundh, Lars, Roupsard, Olivier, Curasi, Salvatore, Greise, Caroline, Ferlian, Olga, Randall, Krystal, Camargo, José, Meusburger, Katrin, Siebicke, Lukas, Ueyama, Masahito, Eisenhauer, Nico, Brum, Barbara, Kotowska, Martyna, Stiegler, Christian, Kazakis, George, Hörtnagl, Lukas, Berauer, Bernd, Jackowicz-Korczynski, Marcin, Winkler, Manuela, Hik, David, Pauchard, Aníbal, Fazlioglu, Fatih, Contador, Tamara, Turtureanu, Pavel, Souza, Bartolomeu, Manise, Tanguy, Cutini, Maurizio, Benavides, Juan, Stephan, Jörg, Tutton, Rosamond, Di Musciano, Michele, Barros, Agustina, Kopecký, Martin, Della Chiesa, Stefano, Ghosn, Dany, Haesen, Stef, Ahrends, Antje, Wipf, Sonja, Zimmermann, Reiner, Tagesson, Torbern, Maier, Regine, Wild, Jan, Tielbörger, Katja, Zhao, Peng, Prokushkin, Anatoly, Kobler, Johannes, Klisz, Marcin, Pușcaș, Mihai, Veen, G., Villar, Luis, Bjerke, Jarle, Wilkinson, Matthew, Allonsius, Camille, Dias, Arildo, Six, Johan, Gigauri, Khatuna, Pampuch, Timo, Theurillat, Jean-Paul, Cifuentes, Edgar, Portillo-Estrada, Miguel, Hederová, Lucia, Klinges, David, Govaert, Sanne, Scheffers, Brett, Eugster, Werner, Guglielmin, Mauro, Medinets, Volodymyr, Lang, Simone, Pellissier, Loïc, Niedrist, Georg, Fanin, Nicolas, Nicklas, Lena, Schmeddes, Jonas, Veenendaal, Elmar, Barančok, Peter, Weigel, Robert, van den Brink, Liesbeth, Sørensen, Mia, Gottschall, Felix, Ewers, Robert, Halbritter, Aud, and Lembrechts, Jonas

Subjects
bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences|Soil Science, bepress|Life Sciences, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology|Climate, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Oceanography and Atmospheric Sciences and Meteorology, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Earth Sciences, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Environmental Sciences, bepress|Life Sciences|Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, bepress|Physical Sciences and Mathematics|Environmental Sciences|Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

Research in environmental science relies heavily on global climatic grids derived from estimates of air temperature at around 2 meter above ground1-3. These climatic grids however fail to reflect conditions near and below the soil surface, where critical ecosystem functions such as soil carbon storage are controlled and most biodiversity resides4-8. By using soil temperature time series from over 8500 locations across all of the world’s terrestrial biomes4, we derived global maps of soil temperature-related variables at 1 km resolution for the 0–5 and 5–15 cm depth horizons. Based on these maps, we show that mean annual soil temperature differs markedly from the corresponding 2 m gridded air temperature, by up to 10°C, with substantial variation across biomes and seasons. Soils in cold and/or dry biomes are annually substantially warmer (3.6°C ± 2.3°C) than gridded air temperature, whereas soils in warm and humid environments are slightly cooler (0.7 ± 2.3°C). As a result, annual soil temperature varies less (by 17%) across the globe than air temperature. The effect of macroclimatic conditions on the difference between soil and air temperature highlights the importance of considering that macroclimate warming may not result in the same level of soil temperature warming. Similarly, changes in precipitation could alter the relationship between soil and air temperature, with implications for soil-atmosphere feedbacks9. Our results underpin that the impacts of climate and climate change on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning are inaccurately assessed when air rather than soil temperature is used, especially in cold environments.

Published
2021

34. Recent geological and hydrological activity on Mars: The Tharsis/Elysium corridor

Author

Dohm, James M., Anderson, Robert C., Barlow, Nadine G., Miyamoto, Hirdy, Davies, Ashley G., Jeffrey Taylor, G., Baker, Victor R., Boynton, William V., Keller, John, Kerry, Kris, Janes, Daniel, Fairén, Alberto G., Schulze-Makuch, Dirk, Glamoclija, Mihaela, Marinangeli, Lucia, Ori, Gian G., Strom, Robert G., Williams, Jean-Pierre, Ferris, Justin C., Rodríguez, J.A.P., de Pablo, Miguel A., and Karunatillake, Suniti

Published
2008
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35. Possible pingo fields in the Utopia basin, Mars: Geological and climatical implications

Author

De Pablo, Miguel ANgel and Komatsu, Goro

Subjects
Magma, Basins (Geology), Geophysical research, Remote sensing, Geospatial imaging, Mars (Planet), Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2008.09.007 Byline: Miguel Angel de Pablo (a)(b), Goro Komatsu (b) Keywords: Mars; Mars; surface; Geological processes; Ice Abstract: The presence of pingos on Mars has been hypothesized since the period of the Viking mission. In fact, a diverse range of pingo-like features has been found at various martian sites including Elysium, Chryse and Utopia Planitiae in the northern lowlands. Due to the morphology and the geological setting, some of those features were interpreted in different ways, creating some controversies, as happened in Athabasca Valles. This reflects the complexity of interpreting these features by remote sensing and multiple plausible interpretations of the same feature. With the objective of identifying new possible pingos or rootless cones on Mars, we selected a study area in Utopia Planitia (10-55[degrees] N, 210-260[degrees] W) where the presence of both features is possible due to its geological history (volcanic and hydrological). We analyzed more than 2100 Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC)-narrow angle images in addition to Viking, Thermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS), and High Resolution Stereo Camera (HRSC) images, together with Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA)-derived Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) with a Geographic Information System (GIS). We found in 94 MOC-narrow angle images dome, cone, and ring-shaped features. We analyzed them from morphological and morphometrical points of view in order to compare them with relevant features on Mars and Earth. We tested different possible origins for those features following the approach of multiple working hypotheses. We conclude that the dome, cone, and ring-shaped features could be pingos, which is in agreement with their geological settings. Regarding the driving heat source for the formation of the purported pingos, we propose the existence of a heat source, possibly a magma chamber, underneath the surface of the Utopia basin. Together with possible climatic shifts, the past activities of the heat source may have caused melting of ground ice. The pingo growth due to freezing of the water would have occurred during the following cold climatic conditions. Author Affiliation: (a) Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Alcala, Edificio de Ciencias, Ctra. A-II, Km 33.600, 28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain (b) International Research School of Planetary Sciences, Universita d'Annunzio, 65421 Pescara, Italy Article History: Received 17 January 2008; Revised 8 July 2008; Accepted 3 September 2008

Published
2009

36. Geomorphological evidence of water level changes in Nepenthes Mensae, Mars

Author

De Pablo, Miguel ANgel and Pacifici, Andrea

Subjects
Geomorphology -- Analysis, Mars (Planet) -- Analysis, Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2008.04.005 Byline: Miguel Angel de Pablo (a)(b), Andrea Pacifici (b) Keywords: Mars; surface; Mars; climate; Geological processes; Tectonics; Volcanism Abstract: In the western sector of Nepenthes Mensae, Mars, there are some geomorphological features that could be related to a standing water sheet in the area, such as fluvial terraces, deltas and shorelines. A detailed analysis of these features reveals two variations in water level, probably related to tectonic processes, as suggested by the existence of a fissural volcano at this site. Author Affiliation: (a) Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Alcala, 28871 Alcala de Henares, Madrid, Spain (b) International Research School of Planetary Sciences, Dipartimento di Scienze, Universita d'Annunzio, 65421 Pescara, Italy Article History: Received 12 February 2008; Revised 1 April 2008

Published
2008

39. SoilTemp: A global database of near-surface temperature

Author

Lembrechts, Jonas J., Aalto, Juha, Ashcroft, Michael B., De Frenne, Pieter, Kopecký, Martin, Lenoir, Jonathan, Luoto, Miska, Maclean, Ilya M.D., Roupsard, Olivier, Fuentes-Lillo, Eduardo, García, Rafael A., Pellissier, Loïc, Pitteloud, Camille, Alatalo, Juha M., Smith, Stuart W., Björk, Robert G., Muffler, Lena, Ratier Backes, Amanda, Cesarz, Simone, Gottschall, Felix, Okello, Joseph, Urban, Josef, Plichta, Roman, Svátek, Martin, Phartyal, Shyam S., Wipf, Sonja, Eisenhauer, Nico, Pușcaș, Mihai, Turtureanu, Pavel D., Varlagin, Andrej, Dimarco, Romina D., Jump, Alistair S., Randall, Krystal, Dorrepaal, Ellen, Larson, Keith, Walz, Josefine, Vitale, Luca, Svoboda, Miroslav, Finger Higgens, Rebecca, Halbritter, Aud H., Curasi, Salvatore R., Klupar, Ian, Koontz, Austin, Pearse, William D., Simpson, Elizabeth, Stemkovski, Michael, Jessen Graae, Bente, Vedel Sørensen, Mia, Høye, Toke T., Fernández Calzado, M. Rosa, Lorite, Juan, Carbognani, Michele, Tomaselli, Marcello, Forte, T'ai G.W., Petraglia, Alessandro, Haesen, Stef, Somers, Ben, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Björkman, Mats P., Hylander, Kristoffer, Merinero, Sonia, Gharun, Mana, Buchmann, Nina, Dolezal, Jiri, Matula, Radim, Thomas, Andrew D., Bailey, Joseph J., Ghosn, Dany, Kazakis, George, de Pablo, Miguel A., Kemppinen, Julia, Niittynen, Pekka, Rew, Lisa, Seipel, Tim, Larson, Christian, Speed, James D.M., Ardö, Jonas, Cannone, Nicoletta, Guglielmin, Mauro, Malfasi, Francesco, Bader, Maaike Y., Canessa, Rafaella, Stanisci, Angela, Kreyling, Juergen, Schmeddes, Jonas, Teuber, Laurenz, Aschero, Valeria, Čiliak, Marek, Máliš, František, De Smedt, Pallieter, Govaert, Sanne, Meeussen, Camille, Vangansbeke, Pieter, Gigauri, Khatuna, Lamprecht, Andrea, Pauli, Harald, Steinbauer, Klaus, Winkler, Manuela, Ueyama, Masahito, and Nuñez, Martin A.

Subjects
soil climate, climate change, species distributions, topoclimate, temperature, database, ecosystem processes, microclimate
Abstract

© 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Current analyses and predictions of spatially explicit patterns and processes in ecology most often rely on climate data interpolated from standardized weather stations. This interpolated climate data represents long-term average thermal conditions at coarse spatial resolutions only. Hence, many climate-forcing factors that operate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions are overlooked. This is particularly important in relation to effects of observation height (e.g. vegetation, snow and soil characteristics) and in habitats varying in their exposure to radiation, moisture and wind (e.g. topography, radiative forcing or cold-air pooling). Since organisms living close to the ground relate more strongly to these microclimatic conditions than to free-air temperatures, microclimatic ground and near-surface data are needed to provide realistic forecasts of the fate of such organisms under anthropogenic climate change, as well as of the functioning of the ecosystems they live in. To fill this critical gap, we highlight a call for temperature time series submissions to SoilTemp, a geospatial database initiative compiling soil and near-surface temperature data from all over the world. Currently, this database contains time series from 7,538 temperature sensors from 51 countries across all key biomes. The database will pave the way toward an improved global understanding of microclimate and bridge the gap between the available climate data and the climate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions relevant to most organisms and ecosystem processes.

Published
2020

42. Experimental Tests and Performance Evaluation of a VHF Data Transceiver Prototype for Operation in the Antarctic Regions

Author

Prieto, Manuel, de Pablo, Miguel Angel, Ramos, Miguel, Jimenez, Juan Javier, Prieto, Manuel, de Pablo, Miguel Angel, Ramos, Miguel, and Jimenez, Juan Javier

Abstract

This paper presents the study and implementation results of a point to point radio data link carried out by the PERMASNOW project Research Team in the Gabriel de Castilla (GdC) Spanish Antarctic Station (Deception Island, South Shetland archipelago, Antarctica) under challenging Non Line-of Sight (NLOS) conditions. Our final goal is to succeed in the remote data access of the multiple and dispersed measurement stations deployed in the surrounding area of the Antarctic Stations without the use of costly satellite communication systems. For so, a wireless sensor network scheme is proposed in which the key element is the node radio data transceiver characterized in this paper. The main design driver is the harsh Antarctic environmental conditions, which leads to a low power and rugged wireless solution. This study confirms the usefulness of the amateur-radio bands and equipment, which mainly give versatility in frequencies, modulations and power configurations. The terrain topography shows to be the key factor in the short-range segment, notably affecting the propagation conditions. For the long-range segment, the best solution still shows to be a satellite link but promising ionospheric data link has been successfully tested.

Published
2020

44. Evidence of gully formation by regional groundwater flow in the Gorgonum-Newton region (Mars)

Author

Marquez, Alvaro, De Pablo, Miguel ANgel, Oyarzun, Roberto, and Viedma, CristoBal

Subjects
Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2005.07.020 Byline: Alvaro Marquez (a), Miguel Angel de Pablo (a), Roberto Oyarzun (b), Cristobal Viedma (b) Keywords: Mars; Geological processes Abstract: The discovery of gullies on Mars suggests liquid water activity near the surface of the planet in recent times. Since liquid water is unstable under the present-day P-T martian conditions, the formation mechanisms of the gullies, and the source of the putative water, have been a matter of debate for the last years. To provide new insights into these matters, we have approached the problem studying the gullies in relation to their regional setting. A major point in our study relates to the geographic orientation of gullies, an aspect that has been previously regarded as a crucial matter in different models, and has profound implications regarding their origin. We present a comprehensive and detailed survey of the Gorgonum-Newton region, and a study of the Dao and Nirgal Vallis regions. The survey was carried out with the aid of 965 high-resolution MOC images (752 for Gorgonum-Newton, 102 for Nirgal Vallis and 111 for Dao Vallis regions), and MOLA-derived DEMs. We found that gullies display a clear regional pattern, geographically and topographically consistent with a decreasing regional slope. We interpret the results in terms of the existence of several groundwater flow systems operating at different scales, which ultimately may have led to gully formation by seepage at the slopes of craters and canyons. We suggest that aquifers discharging at gully systems may have recharged from the surface, in response to the melting of young partially eroded ice-rich deposits. Author Affiliation: (a) Grupo de Geologia, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnologia, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Tulipan s/n, 28933 Mostoles (Madrid), Spain (b) Departamento de Cristalografia y Mineralogia, Facultad de Ciencias Geologicas, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain Article History: Received 24 November 2004; Revised 30 June 2005

Published
2005

46. Episodic flood inundations of the northern plains of Mars

Author

Fairen, Alberto G., Dohm, James M., Baker, Victor R., de Pablo, Miguel A., Ruiz, Javier, Ferris, Justin C., and Anderson, Robert C.

Subjects
Mars (Planet) -- Observations, Floodplain ecology -- Observations, Astronomy, Earth sciences
Abstract

Throughout the recorded history of Mars, liquid water has distinctly shaped its landscape, including the prominent circum-Chryse and the northwestern slope valleys outflow channel systems, and the extremely flat northern plains topography at the distal reaches of these outflow channel systems. Paleotopographic reconstructions of the Tharsis magmatic complex reveal the existence of an Europe-sized Noachian drainage basin and subsequent aquifer system in eastern Tharsis. This basin is proposed to have sourced outburst floodwaters that sculpted the outflow channels, and ponded to form various hypothesized oceans, seas, and lakes episodically through time. These floodwaters decreased in volume with time due to inadequate groundwater recharge of the Tharsis aquifer system. Martian topography, as observed from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter, corresponds well to these ancient flood inundations, including the approximated shorelines that have been proposed for the northern plains. Stratigraphy, geomorphology, and topography record at least one great Noachian-Early Hesperian northern plains ocean, a Late Hesperian sea inset within the margin of the high water marks of the previous ocean, and a number of widely distributed minor lakes that may represent a reduced Late Hesperian sea, or ponded waters in the deepest reaches of the northern plains related to minor Tharsis-and Elysium-induced Amazonian flooding. Keywords: Mars; Tharsis floods; Oceans; Lakes

Published
2003

48. Greenhouse gases emissions from the diet and risk of death and chronic diseases in the EPIC-Spain cohort

Author

González, Carlos A, primary, Bonet, Catalina, additional, de Pablo, Miguel, additional, Sanchez, María José, additional, Salamanca-Fernandez, Elena, additional, Dorronsoro, Miren, additional, Amiano, Pilar, additional, Huerta, Jose María, additional, Chirlaque, María Dolores, additional, Ardanaz, Eva, additional, Barricarte, Aurelio, additional, Quirós, Jose Ramón, additional, Agudo, Antonio, additional, and Rivera Ferrer, Marta Guadalupe, additional

Published
2020
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