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Ecuador is one of the world’s leading banana exporters; however, low productivity resulting from inadequate agronomic management requires an analysis of banana production units. This study aimed to define the types of banana production units based on the different agronomic management practices adopted by producers in two Ecuadorian provinces. Data from the National Institute of Statistics and Censuses (INEC) for 2021 were used, with a sample of 319 production units. Principal component and cluster analyses were applied to identify the different types of production units, resulting in four types: high technology conventional (Cluster 1), balanced conventional (Cluster 2), intensive conventional (Cluster 3), and agroecological (Cluster 4). It is important to highlight that 58% of the production units are intensive conventional and use an average of 3.5 management practices, with 98% using fertilizers, 100% using fungicides and pesticides, and 45% using improved genotypes. In contrast, agroecological production is still incipient in Ecuador (4.7%). Regression analysis showed that waste is important in high-yield production units in the three clusters. In addition, Cluster 2 relied on regional factors, family labor, and irrigation efficiency, while in intensive conventional farms (Cluster 3), banana yield was related to fungicide application. Therefore, public policies should be customized according to cluster-specific characteristics to optimize agronomic management practices and facilitate their transfer among groups.

The high rate of perishability of fruits such as cagaita (Eugenia dysenterica DC.), seriguela (Spondias purpurea L.), mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) and pitomba (Talisia esculenta Radlk.) makes it necessary to develop adequate conservation techniques to increase post-harvest shelf life. The aim of this research was to evaluate the post-harvest quality attributes of cagaita, seriguela, mangaba and pitomba fruits stored in different types of packaging during certain periods. The treatments were defined by the combination of three types of packaging (low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and without packaging) and seven storage periods. Total soluble solids, titratable acidity, hydrogen potential (pH), fruit firmness and loss of fresh mass were analyzed. Fruits packaged with LDPE presented the lowest values of fresh mass loss: 2.7, 2.3, 4.2 and 1.1% for cagaita, seriguela, mangaba and pitomba, respectively. Furthermore, LPDE packaging maintained the quality attributes in all fruits analyzed. PVC packaging was more efficient in maintaining fruit firmness, with average values of 0.03 N. Atmospheric modification techniques, such as LDPE and PVC packaging, make it possible to reduce metabolic activity, ensuring better post-harvest quality and increasing the storage period of fruits that occur in the semiarid region of Minas Gerais.

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as concepções docentes acerca da Política Nacional de Educação Especial e Inclusiva em Rio Branco/Acre. A pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, do tipo exploratória-descritiva, por meio da revisão bibliográfica e da pesquisa de campo, contou como técnicas de coletas, o questionário fechado e a entrevista semiestruturada. A população e a amostra correspondem a 18 (dezoito) docentes do Atendimento Educacional Especializado – AEE da Rede Estadual de Ensino de Rio Branco/Acre. Para fundamentar o estudo, utilizou-se teóricos, como, Carvalho (2004, 2008), Góes (2007), Jannuzzi (2017), Kassar (2011), Laplane (2007), Lima (2006), Mantoan (2011, 2015), Mazzotta (2011), Mendes (2010), Pires (2006), dentre outros. Além disso, fez-se uso de fontes documentais que abordam o Atendimento Educacional Especializado, como a Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educação Nacional – LDBEN n° 9.394 (Brasil, 1996); a Portaria Normativa n° 13 (Brasil, 2007); a Política Nacional de Educação Especial na Perspectiva da Educação Inclusiva (Brasil, 2008); a Resolução n° 4 (Brasil, 2009); o Manual de Orientação: Programa de Implantação de Sala de Recursos Multifuncionais (Brasil, 2010); o Decreto nº 7.611 (Brasil, 2011) e a Instrução Normativa n° 001, de 30 de janeiro de 2018 (Acre, 2018). Os dados foram analisados com o auxílio da Análise de Conteúdo (Bardin, 2016). Explicita-se que as concepções giram em torno da Educação Inclusiva como um movimento amplo de caráter legal, social e político, voltado para a inclusão educacional dos estudantes público-alvo da modalidade de Educação Especial nas escolas regulares de ensino.

As tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) constituem meios técnicos que permitem o compartilhamento de informações e os processos comunicativos por meio de recursos como computadores, internet e mídias sociais. Uma das ferramentas disponibilizadas pelas TIC são os vídeos contidos em plataformas virtuais, como o YouTube®, que vem sendo cada vez mais adotados no ensino em saúde devido à substituição do método cartesiano pelas Metodologias Ativas. O trabalho objetivou analisar o conteúdo de vídeos de inserção de Dispositivo Intrauterino (DIU) e punção lombar, existentes no sítio de compartilhamento YouTube®, buscando identificar a qualidade do material publicado quanto a demonstração/execução dos procedimentos anteriormente referidos. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório-descritivo, do tipo documental. Para a busca do procedimento de inserção de DIU, foi utilizado o seguinte descritor: “inserção de DIU”. Já para a segunda busca, sobre o procedimento de punção lombar, foi utilizado o descritor “punção lombar”, no campo de busca do YouTube®. Em cada busca, foram expostos os 100 primeiros resultados. Após a busca inicial e o levantamento dos dados, realizou-se a visualização na íntegra de todos os vídeos selecionados para análise. Após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade, a amostra final foi constituída por 45 vídeos, sendo 30 referentes ao procedimento de inserção de DIU e 15 ao procedimento de punção lombar. Em relação ao responsável pela produção dos vídeos, em ambos os procedimentos, tem-se que a maioria foi de responsabilidade de pessoa física, produzidos no Brasil, em ambiente ambulatorial, com o uso de recursos do tipo simuladores. A partir do referencial teórico adotado neste estudo, foi possível identificar que 100,0% dos vídeos analisados, para ambos os procedimentos, não apresentavam a sequência correta de execução. Recomenda-se que estudantes da graduação em medicina tenham uma maior atenção e prudência durante a busca e seleção de materiais audiovisuais em plataformas digitais.

O texto é parte de pesquisa em andamento e aborda a temática “reformas empresariais da educação”, destacando a centralidade da avaliação em larga escala como sinônimo de qualidade e a urgência na definição e adoção institucional de um conceito de qualidade social e negociada da educação, em detrimento de qualidade como sinônimo de bons resultados nos testes. Salientam-se a hegemonia das avaliações, as ações de accountability e as premiações de escolas, estudantes e professores em uma rede estadual de ensino. De abordagem qualitativa, trata-se de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental cujos dados foram coletados em sites oficiais do estado de Mato Grosso. Os resultados apontam que as reformas empresariais da educação, influenciadas por preceitos neoliberais, neotecnicistas e autoritários, se constituem em fortes amarras normativas e institucionais que imobilizam sujeitos coletivos e inviabilizam ações e proposições de cunho democrático e progressista como contraponto ao projeto hegemônico do capital em curso na educação.

Entre dizeres, poemas, imagens e cartões-postais, movimentamos o desejo de inventar outras Amazônias e multiplicar as ideias de mulher amazônida. Neste trabalho, tecemos pensamentos por meio de um recorte formativo de duas mestrandas do Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação em Ciências na Amazônia (PPGEEC), ao arquitetar modos inventivos de desenvolver o Impacto Social. Este elemento mencionado foi organizado através de uma experimentação com palavras e imagens com acadêmicos do curso de Licenciatura em Geografia, da Universidade do Estado do Amazonas. Alinhadas à escrita de si foucaultiana (1992) e a transvisão manoelina (1996), discutimos os modos acostumados de ver e dizer a Amazônia e a mulher amazônida, destacando os efeitos para a docência. A escrita de si mobilizada pela experimentação é potência no deslocamento das fixações que nos habitam, na mesma medida que é reinvenção de uma Amazônia, como também de uma mulher amazônida borrada, proporcionando constituições múltiplas, menores, singulares.

Soil organic carbon is critical to reducing anthropogenic CO2 emissions, highlighting the importance of carbon sequestration on agricultural lands. No-till agricultural practices have been shown to be effective in improving soil quality and sequestering carbon, thereby supporting global efforts to mitigate climate change. Based on the edaphoclimatic conditions of the region, five reference areas were selected, with different characteristics in terms of conditions (A1, A2, A3, A4, and A5) in 5 different farms in the municipality of Rio Verde, GO, Brazil. Soil and biomass samples left by the crop after harvest were collected. These areas represent 3 priority management systems in the Cerrado region of central Brazil, namely: no-till with soybean and maize in sequence in a rainfed system; no-till with soybean and maize in sequence in a central pivot irrigation system; first cut sugar cane; second cut sugar cane.In October 2022, 15 points per area were sampled for soil carbon stock estimation and for chemical and physical characterization purposes along linear transects. Transect sampling approach is widely used in soil attributes studies for comparison and data collection. Biomass samples were used to estimate soil biomass accumulation and carbon stock indices. The physic-chemical parameters of the soil in each area were determined through a complete analysis of the 0–20 cm profile. By presenting a new dataset of soil organic carbon stocks and carbon credits from several long-term no-till areas in central Brazil, this article contributes to the knowledge of the potential of conservation management systems for carbon trading, providing insights into their current contributions and future modelling.

Knowledge of how certain crops respond to water stress is one of the prerequisites for choosing the best variety and best management practices to maximize crop water productivity (WPc). The selection of a more efficient protocol for managing irrigation depths throughout the cultivation cycle and in the maturation process at the end of the growth period for each sugarcane variety can maximize bioethanol productivity and WPc for bioethanol, sugar and biomass, in addition to the total energy captured by the sugarcane canopy in the form of dry biomass. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of four irrigation depths and four water deficit intensities on the maturation phase for eight sugarcane varieties under drip irrigation, analyzing the responses related to WPc for bioethanol, sugar and biomass. These experiments were conducted at the University of São Paulo. The plots were positioned in three randomized blocks, and the treatments were distributed in a factorial scheme (4 × 8 × 4). The treatments involved eight commercial varieties of sugarcane and included four water replacement levels and four water deficits of increasing intensity in the final phase of the crop season. It was found that for each variety of sugarcane, there was an optimal combination of irrigation management strategies throughout the cycle and during the maturation process. The RB966928 variety resulted in the best industrial bioethanol yield (68.7 L·Mg−1), WPc for bioethanol (0.97 L·m−3) and WPc for sugar (1.71 kg·m−3). The energy of the aerial parts partitioned as sugar had a direct positive correlation with the availability of water in the soil for all varieties. The RB931011 variety showed the greatest potential for converting water into shoots with an energy of 1.58 GJ·ha−1·mm−1, while the NCo376 variety had the lowest potential at 1.32 GJ·ha−1·mm−1. The productivity of first-generation bioethanol had the highest values per unit of planted area for the greatest water volumes applied and transpired by each variety; this justifies keeping soil moisture at field capacity until harvesting time only for WR100 water replacement level with a maximum ethanol potential of 13.27 m3·ha−1.

Abstract Lung transplantation stands as a vital treatment for severe lung diseases, primarily sourcing organs from donors with brain death (BD). This research delved into the potential anti-inflammatory effects of thalidomide in rats with BD-induced lung complications. In this study twenty-four Wistar rats were divided into three groups: the control (CTR), brain death (BD) and brain death + thalidomide (TLD) groups. Post specific procedures, a 360 min monitoring period ensued. Comprehensive analyses of blood and heart-lung samples were conducted. Elevated IL-6 levels characterized both BD and TLD groups relative to the CTR (p = 0.0067 and p = 0.0137). Furthermore, TNF-α levels were notably higher in the BD group than both CTR and TLD (p = 0.0152 and p = 0.0495). Additionally, IL-1β concentrations were significantly pronounced in both BD and TLD compared to CTR, with the BD group surpassing TLD (p = 0.0256). Immunohistochemical assessments revealed augmented NF-ĸB expression in the BD group in comparison to both CTR and TLD (p = 0.0006 and p = 0.0005). With this study we can conclude that BD induced acute pulmonary inflammation, whereas thalidomide manifested a notable capability in diminishing key inflammatory markers, indicating its prospective therapeutic significance in lung transplantation scenarios.

O artigo tem o objetivo de analisar o desenvolvimento e aplicação de um instrumento que relacione a avaliação do ensino com a permanência escolar, no contexto dos estudantes da educação profissional. A pesquisa é de abordagem qualitativa e de natureza aplicada, teve como instrumentos de coleta de dados a pesquisa bibliográfica e questionários. A pesquisa resultou na elaboração de um instrumento educacional de avaliação do ensino voltado ao lócus da permanência escolar no Ensino Médio Integrado na Educação Profissional. Estão envolvidos neste estudo discentes da instituição. Para analisar os dados foram utilizadas as técnicas de análise documental e de conteúdo. Os resultados apontam que construir uma avaliação do ensino é relevante na proposição de mudanças na gestão escolar, especialmente na permanência escolar.

Background: Socioeconomic conditions are strongly associated with breast and cervical cancer incidence and mortality patterns; therefore, social protection programmes (SPPs) might impact these cancers. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of SPPs on breast and cervical cancer outcomes and their risk/protective factors. Methods: Five databases were searched for articles that assessed participation in PPS and the incidence, survival, mortality (primary outcomes), screening, staging at diagnosis and risk/protective factors (secondary outcomes) for these cancers. Only peer-reviewed quantitative studies of women receiving SPPs compared to eligible women not receiving benefits were included. Independent reviewers selected articles, assessed eligibility, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. A harvest plot represents the included studies and shows the direction of effect, sample size and risk of bias. Findings: Of 17,080 documents retrieved, 43 studies were included in the review. No studies evaluated the primary outcomes. They all examined the relationship between SPPs and screening, as well as risk and protective factors. The harvest plot showed that in lower risk of bias studies, participants of SPPs had lower weight and fertility, were older at sexual debut, and breastfed their infants for longer. Interpretation: No studies have yet assessed the effect of SPPs on breast and cervical cancer incidence, survival, or mortality; nevertheless, the existing evidence suggests positive impacts on risk and protective factors.

Este estudo é parte de pesquisa em andamento e tem por objetivo apresentar o processo de implantação do ICMS-Educação em Mato Grosso e seus vínculos com um conjunto de políticas, programas e ações implementados em regime de colaboração entre estado e municípios, considerando a composição do Índice Municipal de Qualidade da Educação (IMQE). Os resultados nas avaliações têm peso maior na composição do indicador, podendo definir os valores dos repasses financeiros para os municípios. Esta é uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, bibliográfica e documental, cujos dados foram coletados em sites oficiais, nas esferas federal e estadual, e em sites de institutos e fundações envolvidos no processo. Deste estudo, podem-se antecipar duas conclusões preliminares: se os estudantes não forem bem nos testes, os municípios poderão receber menos recursos; a perda de verbas poderá implicar desigualdade educacional.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a pandemic and patients with overweight and obesity have been reported to be at increased risk for complications from COVID-19. In this context, the objective of the present systematic review was to demonstrate the evidence relating the association or not of overweight and obesity with the prevalence of complications and worst prognosis in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. PubMed, Scielo, Lilacs, JMIR, ScienceDirect, Springer, Wiley and Web of Science were used to identify studies published in the period from 2020 to 2021. This work was conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and PICOS approach. The review included non-randomized or randomized controlled clinical trials, cohort, case-control, cross-sectional and observational studies, and the patient’s included in the studies should present overweight or obesity and COVID-19. From 395 articles, 49 studies met the scope of the review and were selected to be evaluated in this systematic review. According to the selected articles, it was observed that most patients hospitalized with COVID-19 were overweight/obese, elderly (mean age between 60 and 65 years old) and male. Overweight and obesity significantly contributed to increase the incidence of complications as longer hospital stay, invasive mechanical ventilation, non-invasive ventilation, kidney injury, septic shock, heart injury and ICU admission, increasing the rate of deaths. It was observed that the overweight and obesity significantly contributed to increase the incidence of complications and promote a worst prognosis in those patients, being present in most hospital complications.

Brazil has the largest cultivated area for sugarcane in the world, with a predominance of rain-fed production systems (64%) and marginal areas that are subject to frequent water deficits. The remaining 36% under cultivation is equipped with irrigation systems; however, a significant portion of these irrigation systems (76%) is dedicated to crop maintenance. Their primary purpose is to provide water for initial plant maintenance during planting and regrowth of ratoons, which helps to alleviate drought stress caused by water scarcity during dry periods. The remaining 24% of the irrigated sugarcane production areas use deficit and full irrigation strategies to partially (50%) and fully (100%) meet the plants’ water demands, respectively. Therefore, a large part of the cultivated area for sugarcane in Brazil is subject to a water deficit at one or more stages of the crop's development cycle, which can retard plant growth, nutrient use and productivity. One potential strategy for mitigating these harmful effects is the application of silicon (Si) in the furrow at planting, which can also increase crop water productivity (WPc). The objective of this research was to determine the effects of different applications of Si and nitrogen (N) on WPc, in terms of sugar (SWPc), biomass (BWPc) and energy (ENWPc) for sugarcane crop. The research was conducted at the University of São Paulo (USP/ESALQ), Piracicaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. The experimental design involved randomized blocks, with four blocks and 12 treatments. The treatments consisted of three applications of Si, 175, 350 and 525 kg·ha−1 and four N treatments of 15, 30, 60 and 90 kg·ha−1. Biometric responses, effects on juice quality, and indices related to yield and WPc were determined. The water consumption and agricultural yield (AY) of sugarcane were clearly influenced by the treatments. The lowest water consumption was obtained with the 15Nx350Si treatment, 561 mm per year. The treatment with the highest AY value was 60Nx350Si (162.3 Mg·ha−1). The SWPc, BWPc and ENWPc of the sugarcane crop were affected by the different application rates of N and Si. In general, the highest average WPc values were obtained with the 15Nx350Si treatment (SWPc=2.6 kg·m−3, BWPc=10 kg·m−3 and ENWPc=224.5 MJ·m−3). The different N and Si treatments did not significantly affect biometric variables (except for fresh biomass and leaf area) or juice quality; therefore, Si application did not compromise the quality of the end-product.

ABSTRACT Sugarcane irrigation is one of the main technologies to increase productivity and profitability in the sugar-energy sector. However, to improve the management of water resources in Brazil, growers need to obtain a water rights permitfrom regulatory agencies. The calculation of water rights is determined from data based on estimates of rainfall and reference evapotranspiration (ETo) provided by the Agência Nacional de Águas e Saneamento Básico (ANA). The primary hypothesis of this study was that the method proposed by ANA to calculate water rights did not provide operational security since it lacked an adequate probabilistic character. As a corollary, we included a secondary hypothesis stating that determining flows through the simplified FAO method proposed in the CROPWAT 8.0 manual displayed vulnerability due to the criteria to choose the representative years. This research aimed to compare such methodologies with a more detailed case study (standard method), taking into account the temporal variability of these estimates, the irrigation criteria, and the probability of occurrence of ETo and rainfall to determine water rights for sugarcane irrigation. During the period between Apr and Sept (dry period), the calculation method proposed by ANA met the needs of the project. However, when rainfall was concentrated (Oct to Mar), the calculation method tended to underestimate the monthly values of available flows. The simplified method proposed by FAO and the alternative method proposed here approached ideal conditions.

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify, synthesize, and analyze the scientific knowledge produced regarding the implications of using clinical simulation for undergraduate nursing or medical students' motivation for learning. Methods: The search for articles was conducted between July 28 and August 3, 2022, on the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and SciELO databases. The following was used for the search: P - undergraduate students attending Nursing or Medicine courses; C - motivation for learning, and C - skills and clinical simulation laboratory. The following research question guided the study: “What are the implications of clinical simulation on the motivation for learning of undergraduate students of nursing and medicine?” Of the 1,783 articles found, 13 were included in the sample for analysis. All stages of the selection process were carried out by two independent evaluators. The results were presented as charts and a discursive report. Results: The studies analyzed indicated the beneficial effects of clinical simulation on students' motivation, in addition to other gains such as competencies, technical and non-technical skills, knowledge, belonging, autonomy, clinical judgment, critical and reflective thinking, self-efficacy and decreased anxiety, self-management, and improvements in learning and learning climate. Conclusion: Clinical simulation provides a positive learning environment favorable to the development of technical and interpersonal skills and competencies, and raising the level of motivational qualities.

Agricultural productivity is closely related to soil physical attributes, specifically those that affect the soil-water relationship, as the soil serves as the main water reservoir for plants. This research aimed to determine the field capacity for different soils, using equations based on the water retention curve. The database used included 150 soil profiles from studies published by other authors encompassing information related to textural classification, soil bulk density, particle density and soil water retention. The inflection point for each soil profile and the corresponding matrix potential were generated. Multiple correlations were established between volumetric moisture at field capacity and clay, silt and sand contents. The calculated inflection point can be an estimator of field capacity, what may facilitate and speed up the calculation of water availability.

Managing anemia before surgery is extremely important as it is a clinical condition that can significantly increase surgical risk and affect patient outcomes. Anemia is characterized by a reduction in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin levels leading to a lower oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. Proper treatment requires a multifaceted approach to ensure patients are in the best possible condition for surgery and to minimize potential complications. The challenge is recognizing anemia early and implementing a timely intervention to correct it. Anemic patients are more susceptible to surgical complications such as increased infection rates, slower wound healing and increased risk of cardiovascular events during and after surgery. Additionally, anemia can exacerbate existing medical conditions, causing greater strain on organs and organ systems. To correct anemia and optimize patient outcomes, several essential measures must be taken with the most common being identifying and correcting iron deficiency.

Managing coagulation disorders and potential bleeding risks, especially in the context of anticoagulant medications, is of immense value both clinically and prior to surgery. Coagulation disorders can lead to bleeding complications, affecting patient safety and surgical outcomes. The use of Patient Blood Management protocols offers a comprehensive, evidence-based approach that effectively addresses these challenges. The problem is to find a delicate balance between preventing thromboembolic events (blood clots) and reducing the risk of bleeding. Anticoagulant medications, although crucial to preventing clot formation, can increase the potential for bleeding during surgical procedures. Patient blood management protocols aim to optimize patient outcomes by minimizing blood loss and unnecessary transfusions.

The preoperative clinical and laboratory evaluations of the patient is an essential step to ensure the safety and success of any surgical procedure. This assessment aims to identify any underlying medical conditions and risk factors and determine suitability for surgery. With this step, the medical team can adapt the care plan to meet each patient's specific needs, increasing the chances of a successful procedure. Good clinical assessment and comprehensive laboratory testing, when integrated into a Patient Blood Management approach, are invaluable in promoting safety of care, reducing transfusion risks, improving surgical outcomes, and optimizing resource utilization. This approach not only elevates the quality of care, but is also aligned with evidence-based practice and patient-centered principles, making it an essential component of the perioperative process.

Anemia is a pathological condition in which the hemoglobin and red blood cell mass decrease; it is mainly defined by the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood. The World Health Organization guidelines establish specific values to define anemia in different population groups. Early detection of anemia can also be a valuable indicator of underlying medical conditions. Clinical studies have explored the relationship between perioperative anemia and morbidity, highlighting the need for more judicious therapeutic strategies, such as the use of Patient Blood Management, which aims to prevent and treat anemia in a personalized and effective way. Patient Blood Management emerges as a promising approach to dealing with anemia, recognizing that its correction through transfusion always carries risks and that personalized prevention and treatment can offer better outcomes for patients.

Understanding the physiological concepts of oxygen delivery is essential to discern the mechanisms that influence its increase, reduction or maintenance in the body. This text explores the different mechanisms that help maintain oxygen delivery even in the face of reduced hemoglobin levels. Adequate oxygen delivery ensures tissue and metabolic balance, which is crucial to avoid harmful consequences such as metabolic acidosis and cellular dysoxia. The complex interaction between variables such as cardiac output, hemoglobin and heart rate (HR) plays a fundamental role in maintaining oxygen delivery, allowing the body to temporarily adjust to situations of anemia or high metabolic demand. It is important to emphasize that blood transfusions should not be based on fixed values, but rather on individual metabolic needs. Strategies to reduce myocardial consumption and monitor macro and micro hemodynamics help in making rational decisions. Individualizing treatment and considering factors such as blood viscosity in relation to the benefits of transfusion are increasingly relevant to optimize therapy and minimize risks, especially in complex clinical scenarios, such as neurocritical patients and trauma victims.

An adequate irrigation schedule can result in significant water savings and improved crop yields, especially in large areas such as commodity crops. However, insufficient information is available regarding soybean crops in terms of irrigation scheduling methods and their interaction with irrigation water productivity (IWP) for different soybean varieties. The objective of this study was to quantify the effect of climate-, soil-, and plant-based irrigation scheduling methods on the physiology, yield, and IWP of three soybean varieties. A shelter experiment was conducted using a randomized design with split plots of two factors and five replications. Five irrigation methods and three soybean varieties (TMG 7067, 58i60RSF IPRO, and NA 5909) were tested. In CB (climate-based method) the evapotranspiration-water balance was used; in SB1 and SB2 (soil-based methods), irrigation at field capacity was applied when the soil matric potential reach − 20 kPa at depths of 0.1 m and 0.3 m, respectively; while In PB1 and PB2 (plant-based methods), canopy temperature depressions (CTD) of ∼2 °C and ∼4 °C, respectively, were employed to trigger irrigation. The amount of irrigation water applied under all irrigation scheduling methods ranged from 310 (PB1 and PB2) to 786 mm (V1 under SB1). The net photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), and leaf water potential (LWP) were higher under SB1 and SB2 than under other irrigation methods. On average, grain yield (GY) was significantly higher in SB1 (3.5 Mg ha-1), than in SB2 (3.0 Mg ha-1), CB (2.5 Mg ha-1), PB1 (2.4 Mg ha-1) and PB2 (2.0 Mg ha-1). However, it was also found that PB1 treatment resulted in significantly increased IWP (0.84 kg m-3) compared to the other irrigation treatments. Overall, the choice of irrigation scheduling methods for soybean crops under tropical conditions should be based on the technology level, water resource availability, and individual farmer goals to maximize GY per unit area (SB1 and SB2) or optimize IWP (PB1). In addition, despite the ease of use of climate- and plant-based methods, all of these methods should be calibrated against soil-based methods under different climatic conditions and for a large number of genotypes.

Resumo Como alunos de escolas públicas representam as manifestações de racismo em textos? Por meio da análise da polifonia, foram escrutinadas as nuances do preconceito racial presentes em relatos pessoais de alunos do sexto ano de uma escola pública. Considerar a divisão do locutor permitiu ver como o racismo comparece nas palavras das crianças de 10 a 12 anos. O insulto racial foi a principal marca de racismo reportado. Entretanto, ele nunca aparece na voz do narrador do texto, mas sim, na de outros enunciadores. Percebe-se que as crianças julgam erradas as manifestações racistas, censurando sua ocorrência. Elas são incluídas, entretanto, nas vozes alheias incorporadas nos textos. Conclui-se que a Teoria Polifônica da Enunciação é uma ferramenta útil para aprofundar a compreensão do discurso racista.

Abstract Background International evidence suggests patients receiving cardiac interventions experience differential outcomes by their insurance status. We investigated outcomes of in-hospital care according to insurance status among patients admitted in public hospitals with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods We conducted a cohort study within the Australian universal health care system with supplemental private insurance. Using linked hospital and mortality data, we included patients aged 18 + years admitted to New South Wales public hospitals with AMI and undergoing their first PCI from 2017–2020. We measured hospital-acquired complications (HACs), length of stay (LOS) and in-hospital mortality among propensity score-matched private and publicly funded patients. Matching was based on socio-demographic, clinical, admission and hospital-related factors. Results Of 18,237 inpatients, 30.0% were privately funded. In the propensity-matched cohort (n = 10,630), private patients had lower rates of in-hospital mortality than public patients (odds ratio: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.45–0.77; approximately 11 deaths avoided per 1,000 people undergoing PCI procedures). Mortality differences were mostly driven by STEMI patients and those from major cities. There were no significant differences in rates of HACs or average LOS in private, compared to public, patients. Conclusion Our findings suggest patients undergoing PCI in Australian public hospitals with private health insurance experience lower in-hospital mortality compared with their publicly insured counterparts, but in-hospital complications are not related to patient health insurance status. Our findings are likely due to unmeasured confounding of broader patient selection, socioeconomic differences and pathways of care (e.g. access to emergency and ambulatory care; delays in treatment) that should be investigated to improve equity in health outcomes.