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The animal production system has been affected in the Rio Grande do Sul State by low maize production, mainly non-ruminants. The total demand is not well known and official data are inaccurate and underestimated. This research characterized and analyzed the maize grain demand and supply for animal feed in the last 15 years at the Rio Grande do Sul State. The state supply was obtained from governmental harvests measurement. The demand was obtained by the total animals (swine, poultry and dairy and beef cattle), while the total state demand was obtained using the relative national consumption from these segments in relation to the total. The current maize grain demand was at the order of 6 million tons for the feeding of swine, poultry and cattle, while total demand was between 9 to 12 million tons in the Rio Grande do Sul State. The state maize production supplied near half of the total demand for the animal protein chain, characterizing a significant deficit for this sector, providing instability and making this productive chain economically unfeasible in the state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applying treated industrial tannery wastewater to soil can be an important practice for its disposal and aid in the recovery of degraded soils. This study aimed to evaluate the chemical attributes of the percolate of degraded soil irrigated with treated industrial wastewater (TIW). The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, using soil‐filled polyvinyl chloride columns. The treatments consisted of TIW at increasing rates (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) and organomineral and organic fertilization. Irrigation with treated wastewater on soil degraded by clay extraction increased mineral nitrogen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), electrical conductivity, sodium, and sodium adsorption ratio in percolate under maize cultivation. Irrigation with TIW increased mineral nitrogen and BOD in the percolate by 34% and 25%, respectively, relative to the control treatment (plain water). Concentrations of total nitrogen and BOD must be less than 100 and 65 mg L–1, respectively, to minimize the potential contamination of water bodies. The degraded soil and maize (Zea mays L.) cultivation reduced the total mineral nitrogen and BOD in the percolate by 96% and 84%, respectively. The sodium adsorption ratio had a high removal efficiency of 79% of the percolate when compared to TIW. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is known that Cannabis in Brazil could either originate from Paraguay or be cultivated in Brazil. While consumer markets in the North and Northeast regions are maintained by national production, the rest of the country is supplied with Cannabis from Paraguay. However, the Brazilian Federal Police (BFP) has exponentially increased the seizure number of Cannabis seeds sent by mail. For this reason, the aim of the study was to assess the 13-loci short tandem repeat (STR) multiplex system proposed by Houston et al. (2015) to evaluate the power of such markers in individualization and origin differentiation of Cannabis sativa samples seized in Brazil by the BFP. To do so, 72 Cannabis samples seized in Brazil by BFP were analyzed. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) and probability identity (PI) analysis were computed. Additionally, the Cannabis samples' genotypes were subjected to comparison by Kruskal-Wallis H, followed by a multiple discriminant analysis (MDA). All samples analyzed revealed a distinct genetic profile. PCoA clearly discriminated the seizure sets based on their geographic origin. A combination of seven loci was enough to differentiate samples' genotypes, and the PI for a random sample is approximately one in 50 billion. The Cannabis samples were 100% correct as classified by Kruskal-Wallis H, followed by an MDA. The results of this study demonstrate that the 13-loci STR multiplex system successfully achieved the aim of sample individualization and origin differentiation and suggest that it could be a useful tool to help BFP intelligence in tracing back-trade routes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Ambiente e Água is the property of Revista Ambiente e Agua and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The final disposal of industrial solid waste is a major environmental problem. Disposal of organic wastes in soils can be recommended as corrective and fertilizer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different doses of wastewater treatment plant sludge (WWTP) from an industrial landfill on soils based in microbial activity measured by carbon mineralization. The experiment was developed in respirometric flasks, analyzing carbon mineralization in three soils with five doses of sludge during 91 days of incubation. Application of sewage sludge with 2 Mg ha-1 caused minor impacts on soil microorganisms, without statistical differences to the control treatment. Amounts of mineralized carbon increased with the time course due to the addition of sludge, proportional to the doses of sludge. Microbial activity increased with the application of WWTP sludge doses of industrial landfill, with mineralization proportional to the increase in carbon added doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]