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Paraiba State has a climate characterized by spatial and temporal irregularity of rainfall, which causes climate disasters. It is also known that the behavior of rainfall in Paraiba State is very oscillating among the microregions. To analyze this behavior, in this paper, a study was proposed with the intention of investigating the dynamics of regionalized variables. For this, two fundamental techniques that are part of the geostatistical methodology were used, semivariogram and kriging. The present study aimed to map the microregions of the State regarding rainfall during the Rainy Quarter using a geostatistical approach, seeking thereby to identify which of these microregions are at risk due to low amounts of rainfall. Using the probability map, we observed that the microregions Cariri/Curimatau, Agreste and Brejo are at risk because there is a high probability for the median level of rainfall during the Rainy Quarter (February, March and April) to be between 50 and 100 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase of the area cultivated with sugarcane has demanded information about the culture, mainly in relation to its nutritional needs. There are few studies that report the nutrient uptake in sugarcane, in addition, there are no reports of studies focused on the different periods of sugarcane growth and development. In view of the above, the objective of this research was to determine the macronutrient uptake and dry matter production in the shoots of two sugarcane varieties. The experiment was carried out in Vicentina, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, during the 2017/2018 harvest, using two varieties of sugarcane (RB92579 and SP832847). The experimental design was in randomized blocks with two sugarcane varieties, nine collecting times (90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240, 270, 300 and 330 days after planting (DAP) and 4 replications. Samples were collected from the shoots of 10 plants, which were divided into leaves, sheaths and stalks, then dried and weighed, and finally the samples were submitted to laboratory analysis to determine the nutrient concentrations in each organ. The accumulation of macronutrients in the shoots of both varieties followed the order: K > N > Ca > S>Mg > P. The export by the stalk followed the order K > N > Ca > S > P > Mg for RB92579 and K > N > Ca = P > S > Mg for SP832847. Maximum accumulation of nutrients and the maximum dry matter production occurred in the interval between 240 and 300 DAP. The variety SP832847 accumulated higher amounts of nutrients and dry matter in relation to RB92579, as well as the time required for the maximum accumulation was shorter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the use of alternative herbicides to ACCase inhibitors to control Digitaria insularis (sourgrass) during pre-sowing soybean desiccation. Two field experiments were conducted with two temporal replicates under different climatic conditions, with the following treatments: imazethapyr + glyphosate, clethodim + fluroxypyr, chlorimuron + glyphosate, imazapic + imazapyr, mesotrione + atrazine + glyphosate, tembotrione + atrazine + glyphosate, nicosulfuron + atrazine and imazamox + glyphosate, all of which were composed of a sequential application of glufosinate ammonium. The water stress conditions in experiment 1 compromised the efficacy of acetolactate synthase enzyme (ALS) inhibitor herbicides in the control of sourgrass. Even under water restriction conditions, the treatments containing mesotrione + atrazine + glyphosate and tembotrione + atrazine + glyphosate provided control greater than 80%. In experiment 2, the combination of ALS inhibitors with glyphosate proved to be a great alternative for the management of sourgrass control. All treatments showed no significant phytotoxicity in soybean for either experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Dengue is a public health problem, and noncompliance with World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations for blood transfusion components is frequently reported. Moreover, economic impact studies of the WHO recommendations on the use of blood transfusion are scarce. Methods: We compared the cost and hospitalization time in a prospective observational study, by following hospitalised patients and analysing their medical records from 2010 and March 2016 to December 2017. We divided the patients into two groups: transfused (with or without WHO criteria for transfusion) and not transfused (with or without WHO criteria for transfusion). Generalised linear modelling was performed to identify the variable that could increase the costs and hospital stay. Results: Among 323 patients, 52 were transfused, of whom 52% without criteria (n = 27), and 271 were not transfused, of which 4.4% (n = 12) with criteria. Hospitalisation costs were 41% higher in the transfused group without criteria than in those with criteria (median US$ 674.3 vs US$ 478 p = 0.293). Patients who were not transfused but met the WHO criteria for transfusion (n = 12) had longer mean hospitalisation time than did those who were not transfused (3.8±3.4 days versus 3.6±3.1 days; p = 0.022). The GLM analysis using hospital stay and costs as the dependent variable explained approximately 33.4% (R2 = 0.334) of the hospitalisation time and 79.3% (R2 = 0.793) of costs. Receiving a transfusion increased the hospitalization time by 1.29 days (p = 0.0007; IRR = 1.29), and the costs were 5.1 times higher than those without receiving blood components (IRR = 5.1; p< 0.001; median US$ 504.4 vs US$ 170.7). In contrast, patients who were transfused according to WHO criteria had a reduction in costs of approximately 96% (IRR = 0.044; p<0.001; β = -3.12) compared to that for those who were not transfused according to WHO criteria (without criteria). Conclusion: Transfusion without following WHO recommendations increased the time and cost of hospitalisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]