26 results on '"de Marchi MR"'
Search Results
2. Estrogen levels in surface sediments from a multi-impacted Brazilian estuarine system.
- Author
-
Pusceddu FH, Sugauara LE, de Marchi MR, Choueri RB, and Castro ÍB
- Subjects
- Brazil, Endocrine Disruptors analysis, Estradiol analysis, Estriol analysis, Estuaries, Ethinyl Estradiol analysis, Sewage, Estrogens analysis, Geologic Sediments analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
- Abstract
Estrogen levels were assessed in surface sediments from one of the most industrialized and urbanized estuarine systems in Latin America (SSES, Santos and São Vicente estuarine system). Estriol (E3) presented quantifiable levels in all sampled sites, ranging from 20.9 ng g
-1 to 694.2 ng g-1 . 17β-estradiol (E2) and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2) were also detected in almost all sampled sites. The highest concentration of E2 was 23.9 ng g-1 , whereas high levels of EE2 86.3 ng g-1 . The occurrence of estrogens in SSES was diffuse and partially related to a domestic sewage outfall. Estrogens were also found in areas with substantial contribution of sanitary effluents from domiciles not covered by sanitation services. Our results reinforce that studies on environmental contamination by estrogens should not be spatially limited to the vicinities of point sources. These results contribute to raise awareness on the need of a formal approach to assess ecological risks of estrogens in the SSES., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Occurrence and human exposure to brominated and organophosphorus flame retardants via indoor dust in a Brazilian city.
- Author
-
Cristale J, Aragão Belé TG, Lacorte S, and Rodrigues de Marchi MR
- Subjects
- Air Pollution, Indoor statistics & numerical data, Automobiles statistics & numerical data, Brazil, Bromobenzenes analysis, Cities statistics & numerical data, Environmental Monitoring, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers analysis, Humans, Organophosphates analysis, Phosphates analysis, Risk Assessment, Schools statistics & numerical data, Air Pollution, Indoor analysis, Dust analysis, Environmental Exposure statistics & numerical data, Flame Retardants analysis, Organophosphorus Compounds analysis
- Abstract
Indoor dust is considered an important human exposure route to flame retardants (FRs), which has arised concern due the toxic properties of some of these substances. In this study, ten organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), eight polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and four new brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) were determined in indoor dust from different places in Araraquara-SP (Brazil). The sampled places included houses, apartments, offices, primary schools and cars. The analysis of the sample extracts was performed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and two ionization techniques were used (electron ionization - EI; electron capture negative ionization - ECNI). OPFRs were the most abundant compounds and tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP), tris(phenyl) phosphate (TPHP), tris(1,3-dichloroisopropyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) and tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) were present at the highest concentrations. Among the brominated FRs, the most ubiquitous compounds were BDE-209, bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP) and decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE). Statistical analysis revealed that there were differences among dust typologies for TBOEP, TDCIPP, ethylhexyl diphenyl phosphate (EHDPHP), BDE-209, 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB), BEH-TEBP and DBDPE, which were attributed to different construction materials in each particular environment and to the age of the buildings. The highest levels of brominated FRs were observed in offices, TBOEP was at high concentration in primary schools, and TDCIPP was at high concentration in cars. A preliminary risk assessment revealed that toddlers were exposed to TBOEP levels higher than the reference dose when considering the worst case scenario. The results obtained in this study showed for the first time that although Brazil does not regulate the use of FRs, these substances are present in indoor dust at levels similar to the observed in countries that have strict fire safety standards, and that humans are exposed to complex mixtures of these contaminants via indoor dust., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Corrigendum to "Development of an Italian RM Y-STR haplotype database: Results of the 2013 GEFI collaborative exercise" [Forensic. Sci. Int. Genet. 15 (2015) 56-63].
- Author
-
Robino C, Ralf A, Pasino S, De Marchi MR, Ballantyne KN, Barbaro A, Bini C, Carnevali E, Casarino L, Di Gaetano C, Fabbri M, Ferri G, Giardina E, Gonzalez A, Matullo G, Nutini AL, Onofri V, Piccinini A, Piglionica M, Ponzano E, Previderè C, Resta N, Scarnicci F, Seidita G, Sorçaburu-Cigliero S, Turrina S, Verzeletti A, and Kayser M
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Photochemical transformation of zearalenone in aqueous solutions under simulated solar irradiation: Kinetics and influence of water constituents.
- Author
-
Emídio ES, Calisto V, de Marchi MR, and Esteves VI
- Subjects
- Benzopyrans, Ferric Compounds, Fresh Water analysis, Half-Life, Humic Substances, Kinetics, Photochemical Processes, Photolysis, Seawater, Solar Energy, Solutions, Water chemistry, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical radiation effects, Zearalenone radiation effects, Sunlight, Water Pollutants, Chemical chemistry, Zearalenone chemistry
- Abstract
The presence of estrogenic mycotoxins, such as zearalenone (ZEN), in surface waters is an emerging environmental issue. Little is known about its phototransformation behavior, which may influence its environmental fate. In this context, the phototransformation of ZEN was investigated in pure water, river water and estuarine water using simulated sunlight irradiation. Kinetic studies revealed that two concomitant processes contribute to the fate of ZEN under solar irradiation: photoisomerization and photodegradation. This phototransformation followed a pseudo-first order kinetics. ZEN degrades quickly in natural waters and slowly in deionized water, with half-lives (t
1/2 ) of 28 ± 4 min (estuarine water), 136 ± 21 min (river water) and 1777 ± 412 min (deionized water). The effects of different water constituents on the phototransformation of ZEN in aqueous solution have been assessed (NaCl, Ca2+ , Mg2+ , Fe3+ , NO3 - and oxalate ions, synthetic seawater, Fe(III)-oxalate and Mg(II)-oxalate complexes, humic acids, fulvic acids and XAD-4 fraction). In the presence of synthetic seawater salt (t1/2 = 18 ± 5 min) and Fe(III)-oxalate complexes (t1/2 = 61 ± 9 min), the transformation rate increased considerably in relation to other water constituents tested. The solution pH also had a considerable effect in the kinetics with maximum transformation rates occurring around pH 8.5. These results allow us to conclude that phototransformation by solar radiation can be an important degradation pathway of ZEN in natural waters., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Influence on the oxidative potential of a heavy-duty engine particle emission due to selective catalytic reduction system and biodiesel blend.
- Author
-
Godoi RH, Polezer G, Borillo GC, Brown A, Valebona FB, Silva TO, Ingberman AB, Nalin M, Yamamoto CI, Potgieter-Vermaak S, Penteado Neto RA, de Marchi MR, Saldiva PH, Pauliquevis T, and Godoi AF
- Subjects
- Catalysis, Air Pollutants analysis, Biofuels analysis, Particulate Matter analysis, Vehicle Emissions analysis
- Abstract
Although the particulate matter (PM) emissions from biodiesel fuelled engines are acknowledged to be lower than those of fossil diesel, there is a concern on the impact of PM produced by biodiesel to human health. As the oxidative potential of PM has been suggested as trigger for adverse health effects, it was measured using the Electron Spin Resonance (OP(ESR)) technique. Additionally, Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (EDXRF) was employed to determine elemental concentration, and Raman Spectroscopy was used to describe the amorphous carbon character of the soot collected on exhaust PM from biodiesel blends fuelled test-bed engine, with and without Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR). OP(ESR) results showed higher oxidative potential per kWh of PM produced from a blend of 20% soybean biodiesel and 80% ULSD (B20) engine compared with a blend of 5% soybean biodiesel and 95% ULSD (B5), whereas the SCR was able to reduce oxidative potential for each fuel. EDXRF data indicates a correlation of 0.99 between concentration of copper and oxidative potential. Raman Spectroscopy centered on the expected carbon peaks between 1100cm(-1) and 1600cm(-1) indicate lower molecular disorder for the B20 particulate matter, an indicative of a more graphitic carbon structure. The analytical techniques used in this study highlight the link between biodiesel engine exhaust and increased oxidative potential relative to biodiesel addition on fossil diesel combustion. The EDXRF analysis confirmed the prominent role of metals on free radical production. As a whole, these results suggest that 20% of biodiesel blends run without SCR may pose an increased health risk due to an increase in OH radical generation., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Distribution of butyltin compounds in Brazil's southern and southeastern estuarine ecosystems: assessment of spatial scale and compartments.
- Author
-
Dos Santos DM, Turra A, de Marchi MR, and Montone RC
- Subjects
- Animals, Brazil, Ecosystem, Environmental Monitoring methods, Fishes metabolism, Liver chemistry, Organotin Compounds analysis, Paint, Estuaries, Trialkyltin Compounds analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
- Abstract
Butyltin compounds (BTs), including tributyltin (TBT) and its degradation products, dibutyltin and monobutyltin, have been found in a diversity of aquatic systems and causing toxic effects in target and nontarget organisms. They enter in coastal systems through different sources (as antifouling paints, industrial effluents, etc.) where they interact with biotic and abiotic components, and their distribution is commonly determined by the morphological and hydrodynamic conditions of the coastal systems. In this study, we discuss the contamination by BTs on a spatial scale (eight estuaries with three subareas each) and in different compartments of the estuaries (sediments, suspended particulate matter (SPM), and estuarine catfish tissues (liver and gills). Lower concentrations of BTs were found in the sediments (n.d. to 338 ng g(-1)) in comparison to studies before a ban of TBT in antifouling paints was enacted, mostly indicating an old input or preservation related with sediment properties and composition. For SPM samples (n.d. to 175 ng L(-1)) as well as in fish tissues (n.d. to 1426 ng g(-1)), the presence of these compounds was frequent, especially in the fish due to their movement throughout the estuaries and the potential to assess point sources of BTs. These results indicate that BTs persist in the environment, with variation in amounts between investigated estuaries and even at locations inside the same estuary, because of ideal preservation conditions, transport to remote areas, and input from different sources.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. The occurrence of UV filters in natural and drinking water in São Paulo State (Brazil).
- Author
-
da Silva CP, Emídio ES, and de Marchi MR
- Subjects
- Acrylates analysis, Benzophenones analysis, Brazil, Groundwater chemistry, Seasons, Ultraviolet Rays, Cinnamates analysis, Drinking Water, Sunscreening Agents analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis
- Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) filters are widely used in the formulation of personal care products (PCPs) to prevent damage to the skin, lips, and hair caused by excessive UV radiation. Therefore, large amounts of these substances are released daily into the aquatic environment through either recreational activities or the release of domestic sewage. The concern regarding the presence of such substances in the environment and the exposure of aquatic organisms is based on their potential for bioaccumulation and their potential as endocrine disruptors. Although there are several reports regarding the occurrence and fate of UV filters in the aquatic environment, these compounds are still overlooked in tropical areas. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of the organic UV filters benzophenone-3 (BP-3), ethylhexyl salicylate (ES), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC), and octocrylene (OC) in six water treatment plants in various cities in Southeast Brazil over a period of 6 months to 1 year. All of the UV filters studied were detected at some time during the sampling period; however, only EHMC and BP-3 were found in quantifiable concentrations, ranging from 55 to 101 and 18 to 115 ng L(-1), respectively. Seasonal variation of BP-3 was most clearly noticed in the water treatment plant in Araraquara, São Paulo, where sampling was performed for 12 months. BP-3 was not quantifiable in winter but was quantifiable in summer. The levels of BP-3 were in the same range in raw, treated and chlorinated water, indicating that the compound was not removed by the water treatment process.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Determination of estrogenic mycotoxins in environmental water samples by low-toxicity dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
- Author
-
Emídio ES, da Silva CP, and de Marchi MR
- Subjects
- Chromatography, Liquid methods, Fresh Water chemistry, Limit of Detection, Liquid Phase Microextraction, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization methods, Tandem Mass Spectrometry methods, Estrogens, Non-Steroidal analysis, Mycotoxins analysis, Zearalenone analysis, Zeranol analogs & derivatives, Zeranol analysis
- Abstract
A novel, simple, rapid and eco-friendly method based on dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using a bromosolvent was developed to determine six estrogenic mycotoxins (zearalenone, zearalanone, α-zearalanol, β-zearalanol, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol) in water samples by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in the negative mode (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The optimal conditions for this method include the use of 100 μL bromocyclohexane as an extraction solvent (using a non-dispersion solvent), 10 mL of aqueous sample (adjusted to pH 4), a vortex extraction time of 2 min, centrifugation for 10 min at 3500 rpm and no ionic strength adjustment. The calibration function was linear and was verified by applying the Mandel fitting test with a 95% confidence level. No matrix effect was observed. According to the relative standard deviations (RSDs), the precision was better than 13% for the repeatability and intermediate precision. The average recoveries of the spiked compounds ranged from 81 to 118%. The method limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) considering a 125-fold pre-concentration step were 4-20 and 8-40 ng L(-1), respectively. Next, the method was applied to the analysis of the environmental aqueous samples, demonstrating the presence of β-zearalanol and zearalanone in the river water samples., (Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Development of an Italian RM Y-STR haplotype database: Results of the 2013 GEFI collaborative exercise.
- Author
-
Robino C, Ralf A, Pasino S, De Marchi MR, Ballantyne KN, Barbaro A, Bini C, Carnevali E, Casarino L, Di Gaetano C, Fabbri M, Ferri G, Giardina E, Gonzalez A, Matullo G, Nutini AL, Onofri V, Piccinini A, Piglionica M, Ponzano E, Previderè C, Resta N, Scarnicci F, Seidita G, Sorçaburu-Cigliero S, Turrina S, Verzeletti A, and Kayser M
- Subjects
- Base Sequence, Cooperative Behavior, DNA Primers, Humans, Italy, Quality Control, Chromosomes, Human, Y, Databases, Genetic, Haplotypes
- Abstract
Recently introduced rapidly mutating Y-chromosomal short tandem repeat (RM Y-STR) loci, displaying a multiple-fold higher mutation rate relative to any other Y-STRs, including those conventionally used in forensic casework, have been demonstrated to improve the resolution of male lineage differentiation and to allow male relative separation usually impossible with standard Y-STRs. However, large and geographically-detailed frequency haplotype databases are required to estimate the statistical weight of RM Y-STR haplotype matches if observed in forensic casework. With this in mind, the Italian Working Group (GEFI) of the International Society for Forensic Genetics launched a collaborative exercise aimed at generating an Italian quality controlled forensic RM Y-STR haplotype database. Overall 1509 male individuals from 13 regional populations covering northern, central and southern areas of the Italian peninsula plus Sicily were collected, including both "rural" and "urban" samples classified according to population density in the sampling area. A subset of individuals was additionally genotyped for Y-STR loci included in the Yfiler and PowerPlex Y23 (PPY23) systems (75% and 62%, respectively), allowing the comparison of RM and conventional Y-STRs. Considering the whole set of 13 RM Y-STRs, 1501 unique haplotypes were observed among the 1509 sampled Italian men with a haplotype diversity of 0.999996, largely superior to Yfiler and PPY23 with 0.999914 and 0.999950, respectively. AMOVA indicated that 99.996% of the haplotype variation was within populations, confirming that genetic-geographic structure is almost undetected by RM Y-STRs. Haplotype sharing among regional Italian populations was not observed at all with the complete set of 13 RM Y-STRs. Haplotype sharing within Italian populations was very rare (0.27% non-unique haplotypes), and lower in urban (0.22%) than rural (0.29%) areas. Additionally, 422 father-son pairs were investigated, and 20.1% of them could be discriminated by the whole set of 13 RM Y-STRs, which was very close to the theoretically expected estimate of 19.5% given the mutation rates of the markers used. Results obtained from a high-coverage Italian haplotype dataset confirm on the regional scale the exceptional ability of RM Y-STRs to resolve male lineages previously observed globally, and attest the unsurpassed value of RM Y-STRs for male-relative differentiation purposes., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Method validation using weighted linear regression models for quantification of UV filters in water samples.
- Author
-
da Silva CP, Emídio ES, and de Marchi MR
- Abstract
This paper describes the validation of a method consisting of solid-phase extraction followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of the ultraviolet (UV) filters benzophenone-3, ethylhexyl salicylate, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate and octocrylene. The method validation criteria included evaluation of selectivity, analytical curve, trueness, precision, limits of detection and limits of quantification. The non-weighted linear regression model has traditionally been used for calibration, but it is not necessarily the optimal model in all cases. Because the assumption of homoscedasticity was not met for the analytical data in this work, a weighted least squares linear regression was used for the calibration method. The evaluated analytical parameters were satisfactory for the analytes and showed recoveries at four fortification levels between 62% and 107%, with relative standard deviations less than 14%. The detection limits ranged from 7.6 to 24.1 ng L(-1). The proposed method was used to determine the amount of UV filters in water samples from water treatment plants in Araraquara and Jau in São Paulo, Brazil., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Bioaccumulation of butyltins and liver damage in the demersal fish Cathorops spixii (Siluriformes, Ariidae).
- Author
-
Dos Santos DM, Santos GS, Cestari MM, de Oliveira Ribeiro CA, de Assis HC, Yamamoto F, Guiloski IC, de Marchi MR, and Montone RC
- Subjects
- Animals, Bile chemistry, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 metabolism, DNA Damage, Glutathione Transferase metabolism, Liver drug effects, Liver enzymology, Liver pathology, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons metabolism, Trialkyltin Compounds toxicity, Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity, Catfishes metabolism, Trialkyltin Compounds metabolism, Water Pollutants, Chemical metabolism
- Abstract
The toxicity of butyltin compounds (BTs), mainly tributyltin (TBT), has been reported in different organisms. However, such an analysis in fish after field exposure with reference to the related biomarkers has not been commonly observed in the literature. This study presents the uptake of BTs in the liver of a neotropical marine catfish Cathorops spixii in Paranagua Bay, an important estuarine system located in southern Brazil. Two different areas, close to and distant from the harbor, were used for chemical analysis evaluation of hepatotoxicity through genetic, enzymatic, and histopathological biomarkers. The presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in bile was also considered as a biomarker. The results showed a significant relationship between TBT levels and the inhibition of biotransformation enzymes and high occurrence of melanomacrophages in fish collected close to the harbor site. These effects were linked to the absence of TBT metabolites in the liver. In the second site, the presence of DBT was associated with an increase in EROD and GST activity. The larger amount of DNA damage as well as the highest oxidative stress was noted in fish from the less TBT-polluted area, where DBT and bile PAHs occurred. These findings showed different impact levels due to or increased by the chronic exposure of biota to BTs.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Intrauterine exposure to diesel exhaust diminishes adult ovarian reserve.
- Author
-
Ogliari KS, Lichtenfels AJ, de Marchi MR, Ferreira AT, Dolhnikoff M, and Saldiva PH
- Subjects
- Age Factors, Animals, Cross-Over Studies, Female, Inhalation Exposure adverse effects, Male, Mice, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects physiopathology, Reproduction drug effects, Reproduction physiology, Ovary drug effects, Ovary physiology, Particulate Matter administration & dosage, Particulate Matter toxicity, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects chemically induced, Vehicle Emissions toxicity
- Abstract
Objective: To analyze ovarian and uterine morphologic changes resulting from intrauterine and postnatal exposure to diesel exhaust., Design: Crossover study. Experimental groups: intrauterine and postnatal clean air exposure; intrauterine exposure to diesel only; postnatal exposure to diesel only; and intrauterine and postnatal exposure to diesel., Setting: Laboratory of Experimental Air Pollution., Animal(s): Swiss mice., Intervention(s): Mice exposed to diesel exhaust with doses that correspond to the daily average PM₂.₅ levels (fine particles in the ambient air 2.5 μm or less in size) reported by the World Health Organization., Main Outcome Measure(s): Morphometric analyses of the ovaries and uterus were performed to define the relative area occupied by follicles, corpus luteum, and stroma and the proportionate area of glands, epithelial layer, and stroma within the uterine endometrium., Result(s): A significant reduction in the proportion of primordial follicles was observed in intrauterine-exposed animals, those exposed during the postnatal period, and in animals exposed during both phases. Primary follicle proportion was reduced in animals exposed during pregnancy. No significant changes were detected in uterine morphology., Conclusion(s): Intrauterine exposure to acceptable levels of diesel exhaust compromises the reproductive potential of female mice, diminishing ovarian reserve when sexual maturity is achieved. This effect could increase the risk of premature menopause. The findings raise concern about current environmental guidelines for diesel exposure, warranting more careful examination of this issue in humans by regulatory authorities., (Copyright © 2013 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Organotins: a review of their reproductive toxicity, biochemistry, and environmental fate.
- Author
-
Graceli JB, Sena GC, Lopes PF, Zamprogno GC, da Costa MB, Godoi AF, Dos Santos DM, de Marchi MR, and Dos Santos Fernandez MA
- Subjects
- Animals, Disinfectants chemistry, Disinfectants metabolism, Disinfectants pharmacology, Endocrine Disruptors chemistry, Endocrine Disruptors metabolism, Endocrine Disruptors pharmacology, Endocrine System drug effects, Endocrine System metabolism, Energy Metabolism drug effects, Environmental Exposure, Female, Humans, Immunotoxins chemistry, Immunotoxins metabolism, Immunotoxins pharmacology, Immunotoxins toxicity, Infertility, Female metabolism, Infertility, Male metabolism, Male, Obesity chemically induced, Obesity metabolism, Organotin Compounds chemistry, Organotin Compounds metabolism, Organotin Compounds pharmacology, Trialkyltin Compounds chemistry, Trialkyltin Compounds metabolism, Trialkyltin Compounds pharmacology, Trialkyltin Compounds toxicity, Disinfectants toxicity, Endocrine Disruptors toxicity, Infertility, Female chemically induced, Infertility, Male chemically induced, Organotin Compounds toxicity
- Abstract
The review purposes are to (1) evaluate the experimental evidence for adverse effects on reproduction and metabolism and (2) identify the current knowledge of analytical procedures, biochemistry and environmental aspects relating to organotins. Organotins are pollutants that are used as biocides in antifouling paints. They produce endocrine-disrupting effects in mollusks, such as imposex. In rodents, organotin exposure induces developmental and reproductive toxicity as well as alteration of metabolic homeostasis through its action as an obesogen. The adverse effects that appear in rodents have raised concerns about organotins' potential health risk to humans in relation to organotin exposure. At present, triorganotin, such as tributyltin, have been demonstrated to produce imposex, and mammalian reproductive and metabolic toxicity. For most mammals, triorganotin exposure predominantly occurs through the ingestion, and this compound can cross the placenta. With these risks in mind, it is important to improve our knowledge of organotins' effects on environmental health., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. A rapid, environmentally friendly, and reliable method for pesticide analysis in high-fat samples.
- Author
-
Toledo Netto P, Teixeira OJ Jr, de Camargo JL, Lúcia Ribeiro M, and de Marchi MR
- Subjects
- Animals, Chromatography, Gas, Limit of Detection, Rats, Reproducibility of Results, Adipose Tissue chemistry, Pesticides analysis
- Abstract
This report describes the development and validation of a simple, rapid, and efficient method in which solid-phase extraction followed by analysis in a gas chromatograph equipped with an electron capture detector (SPE-GC-ECD) is used for the simultaneous determination of dicofol, dieldrin, endosulfan, and permethrin in rat adipose tissue. This study targeted pesticides for which controversies exist regarding the harm that they may cause to humans, such as endocrine disruption or cancer, and that have also been found in recent years in vegetables consumed by the Brazilian population. The analytical procedure was optimised for SPE extraction and for GC-ECD conditions. The optimised method includes the extraction of the samples with n-hexane followed by an SPE procedure in which deactivated neutral alumina cartridges are used as the sorbent and a mixture of n-hexane:dichloromethane is used for elution. Recovery studies with spiked samples were used to evaluate the method's efficiency. Mean recoveries ranged from 75% to 119% with relative standard deviations (RSD)<19%. Quantification limits (LOQs) were 0.05 mg kg(-1) for dieldrin and endosulfan and 0.5 mg kg(-1) for dicofol and permethrin. The matrix effect was pronounced for all of the pesticides studied and ranged from 26% to 49%. In comparison to other related methods, this method requires less time and solvent and allows for rapid isolation of the target analytes with high selectivity. This method therefore allows for the screening of numerous samples and can also be used for routine analyses., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Burnt sugarcane harvesting: particulate matter exposure and the effects on lung function, oxidative stress, and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene.
- Author
-
Prado GF, Zanetta DM, Arbex MA, Braga AL, Pereira LA, de Marchi MR, de Melo Loureiro AP, Marcourakis T, Sugauara LE, Gattás GJ, Gonçalves FT, Salge JM, Terra-Filho M, and de Paula Santos U
- Subjects
- Adult, Agriculture statistics & numerical data, Air Pollutants adverse effects, Air Pollutants, Occupational adverse effects, Air Pollution adverse effects, Air Pollution statistics & numerical data, Environmental Monitoring statistics & numerical data, Enzymes blood, Humans, Incidence, Lung drug effects, Male, Malondialdehyde blood, Occupational Exposure statistics & numerical data, Oxidative Stress drug effects, Prevalence, Respiratory Sounds physiopathology, Young Adult, Lung physiopathology, Occupational Exposure adverse effects, Oxidative Stress physiology, Particulate Matter adverse effects, Pyrenes urine, Saccharum
- Abstract
Non-mechanised sugarcane harvesting preceded by burning exposes workers and the people of neighbouring towns to high concentrations of pollutants. This study was aimed to evaluate the respiratory symptoms, lung function and oxidative stress markers in sugarcane workers and the residents of Mendonça, an agricultural town in Brazil, during the non-harvesting and harvesting periods and to assess the population and individual exposures to fine particulate matter (PM(2.5)). Sugarcane workers and healthy volunteers were evaluated with two respiratory symptom questionnaires, spirometry, urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels, and the measurement of antioxidant enzymes and plasma malonaldehyde during the non-harvesting and harvesting periods. The environmental assessment was determined from PM(2.5) concentration. PM(2.5) level increased from 8 μg/m³ during the non-harvesting period to 23.5 μg/m³ in the town and 61 μg/m³ on the plantations during the harvesting period. Wheezing, coughing, sneezing, and breathlessness increased significantly in both groups during the harvesting period, but more markedly in workers. A decrease in lung function and antioxidant enzyme activity was observed in both populations during harvesting; this decrease was greater among the sugarcane workers. The urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels only increased in the sugarcane workers during the harvesting period. The malonaldehyde levels were elevated in both groups, with a higher increase observed in the workers. This research demonstrates the exposure of sugarcane workers and the inhabitants of a neighbouring town to high PM(2.5) concentrations during the sugarcane harvest period. This exposure was higher among the sugarcane workers, as illustrated by both higher PM(2.5) concentrations in the sugarcane fields and higher urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels in the volunteers in this group. The higher incidence of respiratory symptoms, greater decrease in lung function and more marked elevation of oxidative stress markers among the sugarcane workers during the harvest confirms the greater effect magnitude in this population and a dose-dependent relationship between pollution and the observed effects., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Pothomorphe umbellata: antifungal activity against strains of Trichophyton rubrum.
- Author
-
Rodrigues ER, Nogueira NG, Zocolo GJ, Leite FS, Januario AH, Fusco-Almeida AM, Fachin AL, de Marchi MR, dos Santos AG, and Pietro RC
- Subjects
- Antifungal Agents isolation & purification, Brazil, Colony Count, Microbial, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Fungal genetics, Ethanol, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, Gene Deletion, Genes, Fungal, Hexanes, Methylene Chloride, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Plant Extracts isolation & purification, Solvents, Trichophyton genetics, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Piperaceae chemistry, Plant Extracts pharmacology, Trichophyton drug effects
- Abstract
Trichophyton rubrum is a dermatophyte, which can cause infections in human skin, hair and nail. Pothomorphe umbellata (L.) Miq. (Piperaceae) is a native Brazilian plant, in which phytochemical studies have demonstrated the presence of steroids, 4-nerolidylcatechol, sesquiterpenes and essential oils. The objective of this study was to analyze the in vitro activity of extracts and fractions of P. umbellata on resistant strains of T. rubrum. The microdilution plate method was utilized to test Tr1, H6 and ΔTruMDR2 strains of T. rubrum; ΔTruMDR2 strain was obtained from H6 by TruMDR2 gene rupture, which is involved in multiple drugs resistance. The highest antifungal activity to all strains was observed for dichloromethane and hexane fractions of the 70% ethanolic extract which showed minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicide concentration (MFC) of 78.13 μg/mL. This antifungal activity was also obtained by 70% ethanolic extract, which presented MIC and MFC of 78.13 μg/mL to ΔTruMDR2, whereas the MIC values for Tr1 and H6 were 78.13 and 156.25 μg/mL, respectively. Our results suggest the potential for future development of new antifungal drugs from P. umbellata, especially to strains presenting multiple resistance., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Genotoxicity assessment of water soluble fractions of biodiesel and its diesel blends using the Salmonella assay and the in vitro MicroFlow® kit (Litron) assay.
- Author
-
Morais Leme D, Grummt T, Palma de Oliveira D, Sehr A, Renz S, Reinel S, Ferraz ER, Rodrigues de Marchi MR, Machado MC, Zocolo GJ, and Marin-Morales MA
- Subjects
- Biofuels analysis, Biological Assay, Environmental Monitoring methods, Gasoline analysis, Mutagenicity Tests, Mutagens analysis, Mutagens chemistry, Petroleum Pollution analysis, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons analysis, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons toxicity, Salmonella drug effects, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Water Pollutants, Chemical chemistry, Biofuels toxicity, Gasoline toxicity, Mutagens toxicity, Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity
- Abstract
The designation of biodiesel as an environmental-friendly alternative to diesel oil has improved its commercialization and use. However, most biodiesel environmental safety studies refer to air pollution and so far there have been very few literature data about its impacts upon other biotic systems, e.g. water, and exposed organisms. Spill simulations in water were carried out with neat diesel and biodiesel and their blends aiming at assessing their genotoxic potentials should there be contaminations of water systems. The water soluble fractions (WSF) from the spill simulations were submitted to solid phase extraction with C-18 cartridge and the extracts obtained were evaluated carrying out genotoxic and mutagenic bioassays [the Salmonella assay and the in vitro MicroFlow® kit (Litron) assay]. Mutagenic and genotoxic effects were observed, respectively, in the Salmonella/microsome preincubation assay and the in vitro MN test carried out with the biodiesel WSF. This interesting result may be related to the presence of pollutants in biodiesel derived from the raw material source used in its production chain. The data showed that care while using biodiesel should be taken to avoid harmful effects on living organisms in cases of water pollution., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. An overview of biodiesel soil pollution: data based on cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assessments.
- Author
-
Leme DM, Grummt T, Heinze R, Sehr A, Renz S, Reinel S, de Oliveira DP, Ferraz ER, de Marchi MR, Machado MC, Zocolo GJ, and Marin-Morales MA
- Subjects
- Animals, CHO Cells, Carcinogenicity Tests, Cricetinae, Cricetulus, Mutagenicity Tests, Biofuels, Soil Pollutants toxicity
- Abstract
Biodiesel production has received considerable attention in the recent past as a nonpolluting fuel. However, this assertion has been based on its biodegradability and reduction in exhaust emissions. Assessments of water and soil biodiesel pollution are still limited. Spill simulation with biodiesel and their diesel blends in soils were carried out, aiming at analyzing their cytotoxic and genotoxic potentials. While the cytotoxicity observed may be related to diesel contaminants, the genotoxic and mutagenic effects can be ascribed to biodiesel pollutants. Thus, taking into account that our data stressed harmful effects on organisms exposed to biodiesel-polluted soils, the designation of this biofuel as an environmental-friendly fuel should be carefully reviewed to assure environmental quality., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Influence of sugar cane vinasse on the sorption and degradation of herbicides in soil under controlled conditions.
- Author
-
Lourencetti C, De Marchi MR, and Ribeiro ML
- Subjects
- Adsorption, Brazil, Environmental Monitoring methods, Herbicides chemistry, Saccharum chemistry, Soil Pollutants chemistry
- Abstract
This study reports the influence of sugar cane vinasse on the persistence, sorption and leaching potential of diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea), hexazinone (3-cyclohexyl-6-(dimethylamino)-1-methyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dione) and tebuthiuron (1-(5-tert-butyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-1,3-dimethylurea) in both a clay and sandy soil from a tropical area of Brazil. The experiments were conducted out under controlled laboratory conditions. The addition of sugarcane vinasse to soil influenced the persistence and sorption of the herbicides in both the studied clay and sandy soils, with a considerable decrease in the diuron DT₅₀ values in clay soil. The Ground Water Ubiquity Score (GUS) Index classifies the herbicides as leachers in both soils and treatments, with the exception of diuron, which is classified as a non-leacher in clay soil-vinasse and as a transient herbicide in sandy soil. These results suggest that special attention should be given to areas such as those where the sandy soil was collected in this study, which is a recharge area of the Guarani Aquifer and is likely to experience groundwater contamination due to the high leaching potential of the applied pesticides.
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. Cytotoxicity of water-soluble fraction from biodiesel and its diesel blends to human cell lines.
- Author
-
Leme DM, Grummt T, Heinze R, Sehr A, Skerswetat M, de Marchi MR, Machado MC, de Oliveira DP, and Marin-Morales MA
- Subjects
- Cell Line, Cytotoxins chemistry, Environmental Pollution, Humans, Solubility, Water Pollutants, Chemical chemistry, Biofuels toxicity, Cytotoxins toxicity, Gasoline toxicity, Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity
- Abstract
The designation of biodiesel as a green fuel has increased its commercialization and use, making its fate in the environment a matter of concern. Fuel spills constitute a major source of aquatic pollution and, like diesel spills, biodiesel can produce adverse effects on aquatic environments, animals and humans. The present study assessed cytotoxic effects of water systems contaminated with neat biodiesel and its diesel blends by means of different procedures on human T cell leukemia (Jurkat) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells [detection of changes in mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ(m)) using tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester (TMRE), apoptosis recognition by Annexin V and impedance real-time cell analyzer (xCELLigence™ system)]. The data obtained showed concordance across the different bioassays, with cytotoxic effects observed as a dose-dependent response only for waters contaminated with pure diesel (D100) and B5 blend, which is characterized by a mixture of 95% diesel and 5% biodiesel. The data can also lead us to hypothesize that diesel accounts for the harmful effects observed, and that biodiesel does not worsen the impacts caused by diesel pollution., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Re-examination of the anion derivatives of isoflavones by radical fragmentation in negative electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry: experimental and computational studies.
- Author
-
Vessecchi R, Zocolo GJ, Gouvea DR, Hübner F, Cramer B, de Marchi MR, Humpf HU, and Lopes NP
- Subjects
- Anions chemistry, Computer Simulation, Gases chemistry, Tandem Mass Spectrometry, Isoflavones chemistry, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization methods
- Abstract
This paper reports theoretical and experimental studies of gas-phase fragmentation reactions of four naturally occurring isoflavones. The samples were analyzed in negative ion mode by direct infusion in ESI-QqQ, ESI-QqTOF and ESI-Orbitrap systems. The MS/MS and MS(n) spectra are in agreement with the fragmentation proposals and high-resolution analyses have confirmed the formulae for each ion observed. As expected, compounds with methoxyl aromatic substitution have showed a radical elimination of •CH(3) as the main fragmentation pathway. A second radical loss (•H) occurs as previously observed for compounds which exhibit a previous homolytic •CH(3) cleavage (radical anion) and involves radical resonance to stabilize the anion formed. However, in this study we suggest another mechanism for the formation of the main ions, on the basis of the enthalpies for each species. Compounds without methoxy substituent dissociate at the highest energies and exhibit the deprotonated molecule as the most intense ion. Finally, energy-resolved experiments were carried out to give more details about the gas-phase dissociation reaction of the isoflavones and the results are in agreement with the theoretical approaches., (Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Mutagenic activity of airborne particulate matter (PM10) in a sugarcane farming area (Araraquara city, southeast Brazil).
- Author
-
de Andrade SJ, Varella SD, Pereira GT, Zocolo GJ, de Marchi MR, and Varanda EA
- Subjects
- Agriculture, Air Pollutants analysis, Air Pollution statistics & numerical data, Brazil, Environmental Monitoring, Mutagenicity Tests, Mutagens analysis, Particle Size, Particulate Matter analysis, Salmonella typhimurium drug effects, Salmonella typhimurium genetics, Air Pollutants toxicity, Mutagens toxicity, Particulate Matter toxicity, Saccharum
- Abstract
Brazil contains 25% of the total land planted with sugarcane in the world and is thus one of the major producers. The annual burning of sugarcane fields prior to harvesting emits huge amounts of pyrogenic particles. Biomass burning is an important primary and secondary source of aerosol particles. The presence of carbonaceous particles in the inhalable size range makes it important to study this fraction in view of the possible effects on human health and the climate. In this study, the mutagenic activity associated with inhalable airborne particulate matter (PM(10)) collected on air filters in a sugarcane-growing area near the city of Araraquara (SE Brazil) was determined. The extracts were dissolved in dimethylsulfoxide and tested for mutagenicity by the Ames plate incorporation test with Salmonella typhimurium YG1024 in the presence and absence of the S9 mixture. To assess the association between mutagenicity and PM(10), samples were collected in sugarcane harvesting and non-harvesting periods of the year. Significant mutagenicity was detected in organic solvent extracts of all samples, with differences between the two periods. The highest values of mutagenic potency (13.45 and 5.72 revertants/m(3) of air in the absence and presence of the S9 mixture, respectively) were observed during the harvest. In this period, a Teflon™-coated glass-fiber air filter trapped 67.0 μg of particulate matter per m(3) of air. In the non-harvest period, on the same type of filter, only 20.9 μg of particulate matter was found per m(3). The mutagenic potencies at this time were 1.30 and 1.04 revertants/m(3) of air, in the absence and presence of the S9 mixture, respectively. Period, concentration of PM(10) and mutagenicity were associated with each other. For routine monitoring of mutagenicity in the atmosphere, the use of YG1024 tester strain without metabolic activation (S9) is recommended., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Speciation of butyltin derivatives in surface sediments of three southern Brazilian harbors.
- Author
-
de Oliveira CR, dos Santos D, Madureira LA, and de Marchi MR
- Subjects
- Brazil, Chromatography, Gas, Environmental Monitoring methods, Photometry, Trialkyltin Compounds, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Geologic Sediments analysis, Organotin Compounds analysis, Rivers chemistry
- Abstract
For the first time, organotin compounds were determined in surface sediment samples collected from São Francisco do Sul, Itajaí-Navegantes and Imbituba Harbors, located in Santa Catarina State, Brazil. Butyltins (BTs) were determined by gas chromatography with a pulsed flame photometric detector (GC-PFPD) after being modified using the Grignard derivatization method. The concentrations of BTs derivatives ranged from n.d. to 1136.6 ng (Sn) g(-1) of dry weight (dw) sediment for tributyltin (TBT), n.d. to 394.4 ng (Sn)g(-1) dw for dibutyltin (DBT) and n.d. to 312.2 ng (Sn) g(-1) dw for monobutyltin (MBT). The highest concentration of total BTs was found at the Itajaí-Açu River dockyard, indicating intense inputs of antifouling paints to the environment. The relative difference in the BTs levels is a particular characteristic of sediments from harbors and may be related to the shipyards and the boat traffic which still use TBT-based antifouling paints., (Copyright 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Integrated analysis of halogenated organic pollutants in sub-millilitre volumes of venous and umbilical cord blood sera.
- Author
-
Grimalt JO, Howsam M, Carrizo D, Otero R, de Marchi MR, and Vizcaino E
- Subjects
- Child, Preschool, Environmental Pollutants chemistry, Female, Humans, Hydrocarbons, Halogenated chemistry, Limit of Detection, Male, Chromatography, Gas methods, Environmental Pollutants blood, Fetal Blood chemistry, Hydrocarbons, Halogenated blood, Serum chemistry, Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization methods
- Abstract
A rapid, robust and economical method for the analysis of persistent halogenated organic compounds in small volumes of human serum and umbilical cord blood is described. The pollutants studied cover a broad range of molecules of contemporary epidemiological and legislative concern, including polychlorobiphenyls (PCBs), polychlorobenzenes (CBs), hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), DDTs, polychlorostyrenes (PCSs) and polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Extraction and clean-up with n-hexane and concentrated sulphuric acid was followed with analysis by gas chromatography coupled to electron capture (GC-ECD) and GC coupled to negative ion chemical ionisation mass spectrometry (GC-NICI-MS). The advantages of this method rest in the broad range of analytes and its simplicity and robustness, while the use of concentrated sulphuric acid extraction/clean-up destroys viruses that may be present in the samples. Small volumes of reference serum between 50 and 1000 microL were extracted and the limits of detection/quantification and repeatability were determined. Recoveries of spiked compounds for the extraction of small volumes (> or = 300 microL) of the spiked reference serum were between 90% and 120%. The coefficients of variation of repeatability ranged from 0.1-14%, depending on the compound. Samples of 4-year-old serum and umbilical cord blood (n = 73 and 40, respectively) from a population inhabiting a village near a chloro-alkali plant were screened for the above-mentioned halogenated pollutants using this method and the results are briefly described.
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Effects of genetic polymorphisms CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 on urinary 1-hydroxypyrene levels in sugarcane workers.
- Author
-
do Vale Bosso RM, Amorim LM, Andrade SJ, Rossini A, de Marchi MR, de Leon AP, Carareto CM, and Conforti-Froes ND
- Subjects
- Adult, Aged, Agriculture, Biomarkers urine, Brazil, Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1 genetics, Environmental Monitoring, Female, Glutathione S-Transferase pi genetics, Glutathione Transferase genetics, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Urinalysis, Occupational Exposure, Polymorphism, Genetic, Pyrenes metabolism, Saccharum
- Abstract
Sugarcane workers in Brazil are exposed to various genotoxic compounds, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), derived from an incomplete combustion process of burnt sugarcane fields. The effects of the occupational exposure to sugarcane fields burning were measured in urine samples of sugarcane workers from the northwest of the State of São Paulo when exposed (harvesting) and when non-exposed (non-harvesting). The urinary levels of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) and the influence of the genetic polymorphisms CYP1A1, GSTM1, GSTT1 and GSTP1 were evaluated. Our results showed that the 1-OHP levels were significantly higher (P<0.0000) in the exposed sugarcane workers (0.318 mumol mol(-1) creatinine) than in the non-exposed workers (0.035 mumol mol(-1) creatinine). In an unvaried analysis, no influence regarding the polymorphisms was observed. However, multivariate regression analysis showed that the CYP1A1()4 polymorphism in the exposed group, and age and the GSTP1 polymorphism in the non-exposed group significantly influenced urinary 1-OHP excretion levels (P<0.10). The same group of sugarcane workers was significantly more exposed to PAHs during the harvesting period than during the non-harvesting period.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.