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Background: There remains uncertainty as to the optimal way to initiate therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) to maximize benefit and minimize adversity. Objectives: The objective was to determine if P2B001 (a fixed, low‐dose, extended‐release [ER] combination of pramipexole 0.6 mg and rasagiline 0.75 mg) is superior to each of its components and compare its safety and efficacy to optimized treatment with marketed doses of pramipexole‐ER. Methods: This was a 12‐week, double‐blind study (NCT03329508). Total of 544 untreated patients with PD were randomized (2:2:2:1) to treatment with P2B001, its individual components (pramipexole‐ER 0.6 mg or rasagiline‐ER 0.75 mg), or commercial doses of pramipexole‐ER titrated to optimal dose (1.5–4.5 mg). The primary endpoint was change from baseline to week 12 in Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) parts II and III. The key secondary endpoint was the change from baseline in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) for P2B001 versus the titrated dose of pramipexole‐ER. Results: P2B001 provided superior efficacy compared to each of its components; mean (95% CI) treatment differences in UPDRS II + III scores were −2.66 (95% CI, −4.33 to −1.00) versus pramipexole‐ER 0.6 mg (P = 0.0018) and − 3.30 (95% CI, −4.96 to −1.63) versus rasagiline‐ER 0.75 mg (P < 0.0001). P2B001 had comparable efficacy with the titrated dose of pramipexole‐ER (mean, 3.2 mg), but significantly less worsening in daytime‐sleepiness (ESS treatment difference: −2.66 [95% CI, −3.50 to −1.81]; P < 0.0001). P2B001 was well‐tolerated with fewer sleep‐related and dopaminergic adverse events than titrated doses of pramipexole‐ER including somnolence, orthostatic hypotension, and neuropsychiatric side effects. Conclusions: P2B001 had superior efficacy to its individual components and was comparable with commercially used doses of pramipexole‐ER with less worsening of sleepiness and fewer dopaminergic adverse events. These findings support considering once‐daily P2B001 as initial therapy for patients with early PD. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]