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Urban health scholars explore the connection between the urban space and health through ontological perspectives that are shaped by their disciplinary traditions. Without explicit recognition of the different approaches, there are barriers to collaboration. This paper maps the terrain of the urban health scholarship to identify key urban health research traditions; and to articulate the main features distinguishing these different traditions. We apply a meta-narrative review guided by a bibliometric co-citation network analysis to the body of research on urban health retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Five urban health research traditions were identified: (1) sustainable urban development, (2) urban ecosystem services, (3) urban resilience, (4) healthy urban planning, and (5) urban green spaces. Each research tradition has a different conceptual and thematic perspective to addressing urban health. These include perspectives on the scale of the urban health issue of interest, and on the conceptualisation of the urban context and health. Additionally, we developed a framework to allow for better differentiation between the differing research traditions based on (1) perspectives of the urban system as complicated or complex, (2) the preferred locus of change as a function of structure and agency and (3) the geographic scale of the urban health issue that is addressed. These dimensions have even deeper implications for transdisciplinary collaboration as they are underpinned by paradigmatic differences, rather than disciplinary differences. We conclude that it is essential for urban health researchers to reflect on the different urban health approaches and seek coherence by understanding their similarities and differences. Such endeavours are required to produce and interpret transdisciplinary knowledge for the goal of improving health by transforming urban systems.

Abstract In Australia, ‘health precincts’ are increasingly touted as the new innovation hub. They perform important health care functions, and often incorporate vital research and innovation roles. As such, they do not only assist patients in recovery but also promote health and wellbeing to safeguard their patients, visitors and workers. Although their functions in disease care are unquestionable, less is known about whether and how health precincts promote health and wellbeing. Over the past decade, several audit tools have been developed to assess the degrees of, first, sustainability and, more recently, health promotion of individual buildings. No comparable audit tools, however, exist that can account for the role of health promotion of multi-building and multi-functional spaces like health precincts. This paper reports on a rapid review on the suitability of four existing built environment audit tools—the Health Facility Audit Tool, health impact assessments, the WELL Building Standard checklist, and the Built Environment Assessment Tool—for assessing the promotion of health in health precincts. Twenty-six papers published in English between 2010 and 2022 were included in this rapid review, many (n = 15) of which were critical assessment of one of the four tools. Our findings show a lack of application of such tools at the precinct scale, with many instead focusing on the city or metropolitan scale (n = 7) or individual office buildings (n = 5). For each audit tool, we report on the benefits and drawbacks highlighted. We conclude with suggestions on how these audit tools may be adapted for application at health precincts.

UNLABELLED: Objectives and importance of the study: Most older Aboriginal peoples live in urban locations. Many of these people were displaced by the policies and practices that produced the Stolen Generations. As a result, access to 'Country' and cultural landscapes that are minimally impacted by urbanisation can be limited for older Aboriginal peoples, restricting the health and wellbeing benefits these environments promote. STUDY TYPE: Qualitative study. METHODS: Our study worked collaboratively with Aboriginal traditional cultural knowledge holders to observe and analyse how participation in a 'cultural camp' on a Yuwaalaraay sacred site in New South Wales (NSW), Australia, impacted wellbeing and connection to place among older Aboriginal people who were survivors or descendants of the Stolen Generations. RESULTS: Eight participants (three women; five men) attended the cultural camp and took part in the yarning circle. Thematic analysis of a yarning circle uncovered memories of traumatic experiences of institutionalisation, including abuse and loss of Country, community, and culture. Experiences of the cultural camp generated a sense of reconnection, cultural pride, wellbeing and place attachment. The sensory experience of Country emphasised a sense of belonging and healing. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reflect the importance of sensory-led experiences on Country for older urban Aboriginal peoples and reinforce previous evidence on the 'therapeutic' aspects of culture and natural landscapes minimally impacted by colonisation. Policies and resources supporting grassroots initiatives such as Aboriginal cultural camps are needed to ensure accessibility for older Aboriginal peoples living in urban places.

The Republic of Kazakhstan began undergoing a political, economic, and social transition after 1991. Population health was declared an important element and was backed with a substantial commitment by the central government to health policy. We examine key trends in the population health status of the Republic of Kazakhstan and seek to understand them in relation to the ongoing political, economic, and social changes in society and its aspirations in health policy. We used the Global Burden of Disease database and toolkit to extract and analyze country-specific descriptive data for the Republic of Kazakhstan to assess life expectancy, child mortality, leading causes of mortality, disability-adjusted life years, and causes and number of years lived with disability. Life expectancy declined from 1990 to 1996 but has subsequently recovered. Ischemic heart disease, stroke, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease remain among the leading causes of death; child mortality for children under 5 years has declined; and cardiovascular risk factors account for the greatest cause of disability. Considering its socioeconomic development over the last two decades, Kazakhstan continues to lag behind OECD countries on leading health indictors despite substantial investments in public health policy. We identify seven strategic priorities to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the health care system.

This article engages in a systematic narrative review, executed according to RAMESES (Realist and Meta-Narrative Evidence Synthesis) standards, to unpack the literature on social enterprise. The case of Sport for Social Change and Development (S4SC) is presented as a global field of organizations facing early engagement with the concept of social enterprise as an innovative solution to increasing pressure in the NGO landscape. Yet, social enterprise is a complex term, which requires a solid theoretical approach before gaining currency as an operational term in the S4SC field. As researchers, we need to first and foremost consider how our research in this area supports organizations. Due to this, the way we theorize a concept before operationalizing the concept needs to appreciate the lived reality of these organizations and the efficiencies they aim to gain to benefit their social mission. The RAMESES narrative review is engaged to consider the different angles of thought regarding social enterprise. Findings articulate three prominent methods to conceptualize social enterprise and query how these methods can be used to support the development and growth of the social enterprise model in the S4SC field. Concluding remarks suggest that research on social enterprise in S4SC needs to better understand the purpose of this concept in the field to mitigate any risk of a priori assumptions being imposed on these organizations.

An annotated bibliography on intersectorality, action, policy and governance within, between and across disciplines and sectors centring on health

If health promotion as a field of change for human and ecological health is to maintain its urgency, it needs to continue building its policy credentials. This paper charts the development of policy as a concern for IUHE/IUHPE (International Union for Health Education/International Union for Health Promotion and Education) from the mid-1970s when ‘health education policies’ were prominent issues, to the launch of Healthy Public Policy (in the 1980s) and Health in All Policy (in the 2000s). We argue that solid conceptual and theoretical foundations exist to frame and develop the relevance and connectedness of health promotion more prominently. We start off with a brief introduction into (health) political science, and then illustrate the urgency of the argument with three case studies. The first takes a critical realist perspective on ‘closing the gap’ in Australian Indigenous populations. With recent evidence it demonstrates that the core of the policymaking process needs to re-align itself with an Indigenous narrative. The second case study reviews the politics of healthy urban planning and health equity in cities. Taking a critical theory institutionalist view, the case describes how the political and narrative parallels between urban theory and health equity have gone underexplored. With an explicit gaze to connect the two, the field could become a large and influential driver of enhanced health promotion and public health policy. The third case describes the languages, policy frames, and distinctions, in four urban/health paradigms. It shows that unconscious policy and practice bias exists in policy priorities and processes. We conclude with observations and recommendations on the role of health promotion as a conceptual realm and field of activity. We show that all health promoters should be aware of the political nature of their enterprise. Tools and analyses exist to help further action.

The next international gathering of the global health promotion family will be in Montreal, in May 2022. The 24th IUHPE conference is themed ‘Promoting policies for health, well-being and equity’. Conference organizers have decided to transcend the ‘usual suspects’ rhetoric and frame a conference program that truly challenges these key notions for health promotion. In this contribution, members of the Canadian National and Global Scientific Committees reflect on the state of play and the opportunities ahead. We propose three themes as follows: (a) breaking news (the promise and opportunities for disruptions and tipping points, whether from pandemic health challenges, climate change, geopolitical shifts, social unrest or technological promise); (b) breaking free (from world-views that favor only market solutions, divisions between North and South, toward emancipatory decolonizing practices and knowledge systems); and (c) breaking through (disciplines, silos, boundaries and identities engrained in our practices and understandings for innovation.)

Background: European Essential Public Health Operations (EPHOs) supposedly drive improvements in public health outcomes, including Schools and Departments of Public Health (SPHs). Overall, SPHs did not progress significantly in delivering outcomes related to the EPHOs between 2011 (Survey I) and 2015/16 (Survey II). This analysis attempts to identify the positive or negative development of individual SPHs. Methods: The analysis has utilized data obtained from SPHs through questionnaire-based surveys, which contained information about learning outcomes of Master of Public Health (MPH) programs necessary for the implementation of EPHOs. To differentiate the progress of SPHs, we applied cluster analyses for a group of 36 SPHs with complete data sets for both surveys. Results: The statistical analysis identified three clusters for Survey I and Survey II, defined by their medians and position vectors. A comparison shows that between the two surveys, all clusters overlap and thus are not significantly different. Of the individual SPHs, 16 of 36 (44.4%) improved between 2011 and 2015/16 according to the increased magnitude of their position vector, whereas 9 SPHs (25.0%) show significant progress at P<0.05. From the 20 SPHs (55.6%) that decreased their performance, 11 (30.6%) showed a significant reduction in the outcome of Master of Public Health programs at P<0.05. This outcome implies that N=20 or 55.6% of the participating SPHs evidenced substantial changes. Analysis of 11 available nominal variables did not significantly explain the cluster positions in Survey I and II. Conclusions: Overall, there is no significant progress in the performance of SPHs between 2011 and 2015/16. However, detailed cluster analysis can demonstrate considerable progress for one-fifth of participating SPHs, whereas more than half lag.

Background: Urban health is a field of research and practice that has attracted the interest of various disciplines. While it is encouraged for diverse disciplines to contribute to a multidisciplinary field of study such as urban health, this often results in tensions, conflicts or competition between the different traditions that stem from different epistemological backgrounds. This meta-narrative review aims to identify and describe the multiple paradigms and articulate the underlying epistemological, ontological, methodological, and aetiological differences in their approaches. Articulating the paradigms not only contributes to the advancement of research, but also provides a framework for understanding the different policy beliefs and ideas policy actors hold and apply in the policy process. Methods: We apply the meta-narrative method to systematic literature review which includes the following six iterative phases. The planning phase includes the finalisation of the review protocol and assembly of review team. The search phase includes a comprehensive literature search in key databases and a double-sided systematic snowballing method. We will search multidisciplinary databases including Web of Science, Scopus and ProQuest, and topic-specific databases including Urban Studies Abstracts (EBSCO), MEDLINE, and EMBASE from their inception onwards. Bibliometric analyses of this literature will be used to triangulate the mapping of the paradigms. The mapping phase includes identifying the dominant paradigms and landmark publications through agreement with the review team. In the appraisal phase, the literature will be assessed by their respective quality standards, followed by data extraction to identify the individual narratives in the conceptual, theoretical, methodological, and instrumental dimensions of each paradigm. The synthesis phase will review the data to compare and contrast and identify the overarching meta-narratives. The recommendation phase will include

Abstract The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion was launched in 1986, and ten global conferences later its key calls to action have never been more poignant. To see health as a resource for everyday life in settings where people live, love, work and play, and recognizing equity and the social determinants of health as core to the success of healthy societies remains important. In the nearly 35 years since the Charter was published, we have seen a proliferation of health promotion research with ever greater insights in what drive the health and well-being of populations. Yet, at the same time we also witness a strong tendency to ground health (care) policy in biomedical and clinical evidence alone, and attribute health potential to lifestyle alone, rather than adopting a systems and social perspective of where health is created, grown, and celebrated. The causes for these diverging perspectives are complex, and are grounded in complexity. Humans and their socio-political systems, including the educational and political machines, tend to suffer from what the political scientist Charles Lindblom reputedly identified as the “Big Problem, Small Brain vs Small Problem Big Brain” phenomenon: researchers and intellectual are really good at pouring great volumes of thought and creative power into studying clearly defined issues, whereas politicians and bureaucrats face enormous problems and can get their heads around the multi-faceted solutions that need to be put in place. So - how do we make the complex palatable to the small brain? In this case - how can higher education systems be turned around to truly address the challenges of our and our children's time? The solution partially lies in the deployment of multiple network analyses of key stakeholders and the language they use to construct future realities: unless we have a clear map of the present and a much wider terrain before us to enter we will forever find it hard to navigate in the

The disease course of COVID-19 in patients with immunodeficiencies is unclear, as well as the optimal therapeutic strategy. We report a case of a 37-year old male with common variable immunodeficiency disorder and a severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. After administration of convalescent plasma, the patient’s condition improved rapidly. Despite clinical recovery, viral RNA remained detectable up to 60 days after onset of symptoms. We propose that convalescent plasma might be considered as a treatment option in patients with CVID and severe COVID-19. In addition, in patients with immunodeficiencies, a different clinical course is possible, with prolonged viral shedding.

Some agents representing the ‘receiving end’ of the medical-industrial complex could be called ‘career consumers.’ We identify these consucrats as a new class of intersectional rep-resentation of ‘those affected’ in healthcare delivery systems. We describe them in the con-text of (similar) abocrats and femocrats but show that consucrats face more complex and different level intersectional challenges. The designation, professionalization, and represen-tation of consucrats are problematic, in particular for public policy change. We argue for an enhanced strategic and cautious role for the consumer health movement to support consu-crats.

Background/ObjectivesWhile the Australian policy mantra (supported by national protocols) of “no research about us without us” is generally considered by ethics committees and implemented during the planning, data collection and initial analysis and dissemination stages of research studies, this is not necessarily the case for the ongoing management of the datasets and access to them for reporting and dissemination. In locations across Australia’s major metropolises, Indigenous people are often written as ‘urban’, rendered as deficient, lacking, and in need of intervention. South Western Sydney is a large and diverse demographic region. Indigenous people have participated extensively in health and medical studies conducted in the region, contributing to a vast databank of quantitative and qualitative data. This continued participation in good faith demonstrates that communities view research as a valuable and useable asset. However, health data is currently explained in a context that describes Indigenous people as ‘urban’ in ways that are often rendered as deficient, lacking, and in need of intervention. An element in the research-to-policy process is missing. Therefore, a mechanism to ensure that communities are able to provide ongoing contribution and control of datasets that include Indigenous people needs to be developed, taking into account the deep historical and varied connections that constitute health and wellbeing. MethodsThis presentation will review the scoping study to bring forward the perspectives of Aboriginal people and district stakeholders across a range of areas of data and its uses. A literature review, survey and opinion interchange process will use to explore the most effective way to determine that the research data are high in quality and in its context.ResultsThe review will cover the areas that include in data collection, Interpretation and analysis, data quality and consistency, data storage location and warehousing, data usage, risk and

The WHO Regional Office for the Western Pacific (WPRO) has identified gender sensitive and equity orientated health service design and delivery as core to achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. WPRO has developed a draft model for health service delivery transformation that focusses on three Cs – continuum of care, people centeredness and provider competency. This literature review was commissioned to support developing a more in-depth understanding of how any service delivery transformation can be implemented to ensure equitable high-quality services for all.