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Background: Despite the advances in the classification of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) based on its extension by the TNM system, there is still a need for methods to better classify the patients to predict prognosis and indicate adjuvant therapy., Objectives: To analyze the influence of the number of positive lymph nodes (PN), lymph node ratio (LNR), and log odds of positive lymph nodes (LODDS) in survival of patients with OSCC., Methods: Clinicopathologic data from patients with OSCC who were treated with curative purposes by surgery and neck dissection (ND) with or without subsequent adjuvant therapies from 1991 to 2015 was retrospectively assessed. The impact of the PN, LNR, LODDS, and other variables on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was analyzed in univariate and multivariate analyses., Results: One hundred nineteen patients were included in this study. In the univariate analysis the PN had a significant impact on OS (p = 0.001) and DFS (p = 0.020), and the LNR had a significant impact on the OS (p = 0.042). In the multivariate analysis with other relevant clinicopathologic variables, the PN was the only significantly independent factor influencing in the OS (p = 0.017) but not in DFS (p = 0.096)., Conclusions: The PN is an independent prognostic indicator for OS and DFS in patients with OSCC and has the potential to aggregate the current AJCC classification. The LNR has potential to be an important prognostic indicator, but the methods for this classification require lapidation. The LODDS did not demonstrate prognostic potential., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that there is no potential conflict of interest regarding this work., (Copyright © 2022. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.)

Health (and its dialectical pair-illness) is determined by multiple factors: social class, educational background, income, occupation, and race/skin color. Racism can directly impact physical and psychological illnesses, with an effect on social conditions of health. This paper discusses: (1) racism as a root cause of health inequities in Brazil and elsewhere, and (2) how students at the University of Brasilia School of Medicine respond to an anti-racist curriculum. We emphasize that an environment of profound exchanges in the teaching-learning process, adopting anti-racism praxis as a competency in the medical curriculum, is a paradigm shift in medical education and future practice.

Background: To analyze the influence of the lymph node ratio (LNR) in survival of patients with OSCC METHODS: Clinicopathologic data from patients with OSCC who were treated with curative surgery and neck dissection (ND) with or without adjuvant therapies from 1991 to 2015 was retrospectively assessed. The impact of LNR and other variables on overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) was analyzed in univariate and multivariate analyses., Results: One hundred nineteen patients were included. In the univariate analysis the LNR had a significant impact on OS (p = 0.01) and DFS (p = 0.01). In the multivariate analysis, the LNR was the only significantly independent factor influencing in the OS (p = 0.03). The adjuvant therapies did not influence on the OS (p = 0.42) and DFS (p = 0.10)., Conclusions: The LNR is an independent prognostic factor in patients with OSCC. The LNR alone is not recommended to indicate the performance of adjuvant therapies., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that there is no potential conflict of interest regarding this work., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.)

Background: We investigated the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO), low-intensity laser (LIL), and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the management of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ)., Methods: A literature search was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Two examiners independently assessed eligibility and risk of bias and extracted data., Results: There was improvement in 75.6% of the 41 patients submitted to HBO, with positive effects on pain relief and decreased size and number of lesions at a faster rate, with better effects when the drug was discontinued. For LIL, 158 (64.2%) of the 246 patients/sites improved the symptoms and 98 (39.8%) healed completely. Fourteen (17.3%) of the 81 patients treated with PRP significantly improved the symptoms and 65 (80.2%) completely healed., Conclusions: These therapies served as safe and effective adjuvant modalities for MRONJ treatment. The lack of randomized clinical trials evidences the need for more high-quality investigations on the subject., (© 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Purpose: This study investigated the effects of chronic 3-day beetroot juice (BRJ) supplementation on maximum oxygen uptake (VO 2max ), velocity associated with VO 2max (vVO 2max ), and peak velocity (V peak ) in recreational runners., Methods: Thirteen male recreational runners (age 28.2 ± 3.0 years, height 176.8 ± 0.1 cm, body mass 74.4 ± 9.5 kg) performed four tests on a treadmill in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design: two maximum incremental tests to determine VO 2max and vVO 2max, and two tests to determine V peak . Trials were performed following 3 days of supplementation of NO 3 - -rich BRJ in natura (8.4 mmol NO 3 -  day - 1 ) or BRJ NO 3 - -depleted placebo (0.01 mmol NO 3 -  day - 1 ), with the last dose being ingested 2 h before each test. During the tests, maximum heart rate (HR max ), maximal rating of perceived exertion (RPE max ), pre- and post-test glucose concentrations (Gluc pre, Gluc post ), and peak blood lactate concentration were determined., Results: VO 2max was higher following BRJ vs PLA (46.6 ± 6.4 vs 45.1 ± 5.8 mL kg - 1  min - 1 ; P = 0.022), as well as vVO 2max (14.5 ± 0.8 vs 13.9 ± 1.0 km h - 1 P = 0.024) and V peak (15.5 ± 1.1 vs 15.2 ± 1.2 km h - 1 P = 0.038), with no differences in the other variables., Conclusion: Consumption of NO 3 - -rich BRJ in natura (8.4 mmol NO 3 -  day - 1 ) once per day for 3 days improved VO 2max , vVO 2max and V peak in recreational runners without changing the other analyzed variables.

Triphenyltin (TPT) is an organotin compound (OT), primarily used in agriculture and in the composition of antifouling paints for ships worldwide. Studies have showed its effects as an endocrine disrupter in several organisms by preventing enzymatic expression and causing reproductive toxicity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of exposure to TPT, via breastfeeding, on reproductive physiology in the Calomys laucha species. The experimental design was compound of five groups, two controls and three with different doses of TPT. Moreover, females were exposed by gavage to the TPT for 20 days, from the 1st day postpartum to the 21st postnatal day (PND). Then, the pups were euthanized and the kinetics, organelles, and biochemistry of the sperm were evaluated. The results presented a reduction in total motility in the groups exposed to TPT. Regarding cellular organelles analysis, a loss in membrane integrity was evidenced; the functionality of mitochondria showed diminution followed by increased acrosome reaction. In conclusion, the TPT causes alteration of the reproductive parameters, decreasing the activity and sperm quality in individuals exposed in the breastfeeding phase.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic beetroot juice (BRJ) supplementation on 10-km running performance in recreational runners. In a double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover-designed study, 14 male recreational runners (age, 27.8 ± 3.4 years) performed three 10-km running tests, at baseline and under the conditions of BRJ supplementation and placebo (PLA). Supplementation was administered for 3 days, and on the days of the assessments, the ingestion occurred 2 h before the test and consisted of a dose of 420 mL of BRJ in natura (8.4 mmol inorganic nitrate (NO 3 - )·day -1 ) or PLA with depleted NO 3 - (0.01 mmol NO 3 - ·day -1 ). The mean velocity (MV) was calculated, and the following variables were determined: maximal heart rate, maximal rating of perceived exertion , blood glucose concentration (analyzed before and after the test), and lactate peak. There was no main effect between conditions regarding 10-km running time performance (BRJ: 50.1 ± 5.3 min; PLA: 51.0 ± 5.1 min; P = 0.391) and total MV (BRJ: 12.1 ± 1.3 km·h -1 ; PLA: 11.9 ± 1.2 km·h -1 ; P = 0.321) or in the other analyzed variables. The time to complete the first half of the test (5 km) was statistically lower in the BRJ group than in the PLA group (P = 0.027). In conclusion, chronic supplementation with BRJ increased MV in the first half of the test and improved the final test times of 10 of the 14 runners, although we did not find a statistically significant difference in the performance of the 10-km run.

The present study aims to evaluate the influence of triphenyltin (TPT) exposure on reproductive physiology on Calomys laucha species, since this species inhabits regions susceptible to exposure to this contaminant. Animals exposed to the highest dose (10.0 mg/kg) presented signs of severe intoxication in only 7 days of exposure, demonstrating a higher sensitivity of this species to triphenyltin. The 10.0 mg TPT/kg dose was analyzed separately for short-term exposure and results suggest that exposure to this dose was severely detrimental to sperm activity. Among the main results obtained in the evaluation of sperm kinetics, a reduction in total motility was observed from the 0.5 mg TPT/kg group, accentuated according to the increase in the doses of TPT. In progressive motility, there was a decrease from the dose of 0.5 mg TPT/kg and maintained the plateau until the dose of 5.0 mg TPT/kg. It was also observed an increase in the distances and velocities average path, rectilinear and curvilinear in doses of 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg. From the flow cytometry, evaluation a decrease in mitochondrial functionality was observed as the dose increased. Increased membrane fluidity was also observed from the 5.0 mg TPT/kg dose and the acrosome reaction presented higher values at doses of 0.5 and 5.0 mg TPT/kg. We can conclude that TPT causes impairment of the sperm activity, reducing it in individuals exposed in the adult phase., (Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)