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A captive marmoset developed metastatic endometrioid carcinoma (EnC), a rare uterine tumor in non‐human primates (NHPs). The neoplasm showed marked microscopical malignant and tubulopapillary aspects, immunopositivity for pan‐cytokeratin, CK7, estrogen receptor, and a high mitotic index (Ki‐67). These features may contribute to the diagnosis and therapeutics of EnC in NHPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Losses and the economic impact of dog attacks (DAs) on livestock are often overlooked and include factors such as decreased production, expenses for treatment and handling, and death of injured animals. This study evaluated the epidemiological, therapeutic, and pathological findings of DAs on livestock over an 11-year survey using the records of farm animals referred to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital. Livestock attacked by dogs included 31 sheep, 11 horses, 3 cattle, 3 goats, and 2 pigs, totaling 50 animals. Anatomical locations injured by dog bites were identified as head/neck, thoracic/pelvic limbs, abdomen/flank, rump/tail, and multiple affected regions (two or more bite sites). Additionally, the severity of the injuries was classified into four degrees adapted from the classification of dog bite injuries in children. Most livestock presented Grade 1 (26%) and Grade 2 (28%) injuries, while Grade 3 and Grade 4 injuries were observed in 46% of DAs. Furthermore, 35 animals (70%) were discharged, 9 (18%) died, and 6 (12%) were humanely euthanized. DAs may represent a significant cause for referring livestock species to clinical care, severe injuries, and a considerable number of deaths. In this study, we provide information regarding DAs on livestock for the first time in Midwestern Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Brachiaria spp. is the main pasture for ruminant productions in Brazil, but the limiting factor for its use is the toxicity due to the presence of steroidal saponins. Chronic ingestion of Brachiaria spp. by cattle may cause liver changes such as fibrosis, bile duct proliferation and clusters of foamy macrophages in the hepatic parenchyma. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the most frequent histological changes and their frequencies in livers collected in abattoirs in Brazil from beef cattle raised exclusively on Brachiaria spp. and compare them with those observed in animals kept in Andropogon spp. grass and native pastures in Rio Grande do Sul. Materials, Methods & Results: Liver samples without macroscopic changes were collected in abattoirs from 561 healthy Nelore and Nelore crossbred cattle raised in Brachiaria spp. pastures from Mato Grosso (MT), Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), Minas Gerais (MG) and Pará (PA) States. Liver samples from 84 Angus cattle (Bos taurus) kept on native pastures in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) and from 60 Nelore and Nelore crossbreed cattle raised in Andropogon spp. pastures in Tocantins State (TO) were collected as control. Semi-quantitative analysis of the histopathological changes were proceeded: (-) = no change; (+) = slight or discreet change; (++) = moderate change and (+++) = marked change. The main histopathological changes evaluted in the liver samples were the presence of foamy macrophages and its location, parenchymal fibrosis and its location, proliferation of bile ducts, periportal mononuclear infiltrate, presence of crystals in macrophages and within the bile ducts. Foamy macrophages clusters in the liver parenchyma were the most frequent histological changes exclusively observed in samples of animals kept in Brachiaria spp. and it was more frequent in cattle from MS State (P < 0.0001). The periportal hepatic fibrosis was another relevant finding in cattle kept in Brachiaria spp. and was also more frequent in MS animals (P = 0.0001), and was not present in control groups. Proliferation of the bile ducts rate was similar between animals raised in Brachiaria spp. (P > 0.05), though it was higher in cattle kept on native pasture in RS (P < 0.0001). The mononuclear periportal inflammatory infiltrate was more frequent in MS and MG samples than in MT and PA (P < 0.0002). Discussion: The most significant histopathological changes observed in liver samples of cattle from the states of MT, MS, PA and MG kept in Brachiaria spp. pastures from the birth to slaughter, was the presence of foamy macrophages in quantities and variables distribution showing the strengthen association between clusters of foamy macrophages in the liver parenchyma and grazing on this grass. These macrophages could be found in healthy animals kept in Brachiaria spp. pastures and in intoxicated animals. This change was considered frequent and characteristic in animals kept in pastures containing steroidal lithogenic saponins in its composition, and it was frequently observed in ruminants that growed in Brachiaria spp. pastures. Beef cattle kept in Andropogon spp. grass pastures in the state of Tocantins and native pastures in Rio Grande do Sul did not showed foamy macrophages in liver samples. On the other hand, in susceptible sheep kept in Andropogon spp. grass pastures that contains low amount of lithogenic steroidal saponins, are insufficient to induce toxicity and morphological changes in the liver, including aggregates of foamy macrophages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An updated review of Leptopspira sp infection in sheep is presented emphasizing some epidemiological aspects including the occurrence of the disease in Brazil and mechanisms of transmission, clinical signs and lesions, diagnosis, prevention and control measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciência Animal Brasileira is the property of Universidade Federal de Goias, Escola de Veterinaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cardiomyocytes are sustained and inserted into a connective tissue skeleton that has different distribution depending up on the properties of the region in which it stands. The purpose of this study was to quantify the proportion of connective tissue in relation to the arrangement of cardiomyocytes of left and right ventricles and interventricular septum in myocardium of six mixed breed, ill trifted adult horses, of both sexes, used for traction. With hearts still fresh and with the aid of a digital caliper, it was estimated the height of left ventricle, the heart's width, the heart's circumference and the thickness of the ventricular free walls and interventricular septum. The fragments on the middle third of the interventricular septum and free walls of the ventricles were subjected to conventional histological technique. The blocks were cut with thickness of 5μm and stained with Picrosirius Red, Gomori Trichrome and Azan Trichrome to show the connective tissue. The slides were analyzed using optical microscope coupled to a digital analysis program Image-Pro Plus®. The average proportion of connective tissue in the left ventricle was 6.1±3.7%, in the interventricular septum and it was observed a mean of 6.8±3.6%. In the right ventricle the average was 6.0±3.0%. Applying the H test of Kruskal-Wallis, it was found that there was statistical difference between the different dyes used for each region. In the Pearson correlation test it was not found pattern correlation between the thickness of the regions analyzed and the proportion of connective tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two cases of copper deficiency are described in three-month-old female crossbred piglets from a swine herd in Planaltina, GO. The animals presented incoordination, hindlimbs paresis progressing to the forelimbs, and gait with flexion of the metacarpofalangeal articulation. On the farm of origin of the animals, other two piglets presented atrophy of thigh muscle and sitting position when in station. The herd was fed with unbalanced diet consisting of corn, whey and leftover crop. On necropsy no significant changes were observed, but histologically there was multifocal periaxonal vacuolization in the brainstem and in spinal cord, discrete amount of axonal spheroids and macrophages in the vacuoles. The luxol fast blue (LFB) stain for myelin showed that the vacuolated sites represent demyelinated areas. Liver sample of the two piglets had very low copper levels, 13.1 parts per million (ppm) in swine A and 5.7 (ppm) in swine B. This paper describes two cases of spinal cord and brainstem demyelination due to copper deficiency in piglets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two cases are described of female goats, Saanen crossbreds, two months old, with clinical signs of hind limb paresis, incoordination, difficulty breathing and cachexia, which were subjected to euthanasia due to unfavorable prognosis. At necropsy it was possible to observe that there was congestion of the central nervous system (CNS) and pulmonary consolidation in both goats. Microscopic changes were characterized by multifocal lymphoplasmacytic leucoencephalomielitis, with vacuolization of neuropile and axonal spheroids, leptomeningitis, interstitial nonsupurative pneumonia in goat A and bacterial bronchopneumonia in goat B. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was positive for the caprine arthritis - encephalitis virus in thalamus fragments. The agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) test was performed in sera sample of twenty animals and sixteen resulted positive. Diagnosis of the nervous form of caprine arthritisencephalitis virus (CAEV) infection was based on clinical and pathological status, IHC and AGID. This clinical presentation of CAE could be uncommon in Brazil, but must be considered in case of neurologic diseases in small ruminants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone marrow (BM) mononuclear cells (MC) are a great subject in tissual regeneration. The main stem cell source to the eye is the limbus. Theses cells replace injured corneal cells, however, if the limbal stem cells are not functional, a limbal deficiency with concomitant conjunctivalization takes place. This pathological condition can be caused for several reasons, in which alkali burns are the most common. To conduct a research about transplanted BM MC presence, the cells homing and to histopathologically compare the treated and sham group, an experimental corneal ulcer model associated with MC autotransplant was used. Sixteen, male or female, stray dogs suffered experimental corneal ulceration with sodium hydroxide soaked filter discs. After the lesions, animals were submitted to subconjunctival autotransplant of previously marked BM MC. The evaluation was made by immunofluorescence on the sixth day after lesions creation and histopathology was conducted 15 days after the same procedure, when it was possible to observe that the MC grafted in the injured area, the cells did not execute the homing process and, despite the inflammatory decrease, they did not help the corneal epithelial healing process in a short term evaluation. Thus, future studies about MC transplantations in corneal ulcers are indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A free-ranging capuchin monkey developed a synchronous biphasic pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma, a rare form of this tumor. Exophytic nodules were dispersed over the serosal surfaces, showing marked microscopical malignant features composed of both epithelioid and spindeloid neoplastic cells immunopositive for Pan-Cytokeratin, Cytokeratin 5/6, Vimentin, WT-1, and D2-40., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Narcotic Detection Dogs (NDDs) are essential tools in the fight against drug trafficking, acting with high precision and improving efficiency at border posts. When trained efficiently, these dogs can detect a great variety of compounds, such as cocaine, marijuana and its derivatives, and synthetic drugs, among others. Most of the knowledge on canine detection processes and efficiency has been determined in experimentally controlled conditions, but narcotic seizures detected by dogs in realistic anti-drug operations have not yet been critically determined in a Country with continental dimensions such as Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the data set concerning the performance, operations, efficiency, and success rate of NDDs used by the Brazilian Customs Authority (Aduana) in the fight against drug trafficking. Narcotic seizure rates increased in luggage and packages detected by NDDs working at border crossings from 2010 to 2020, with an estimated value of over US$ 2 billion in losses to the cocaine drug trafficking business. NDD units also increased most narcotic groups seized in the same period. The number of NDDs and anti-drug operations, and Customs Border Post (CBP) influenced the rates of drugs seized. NDDs provided an increase of 3,157 kg/animal of drugs seized for every new dog introduced into the inspection systems., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Jantorno, Xavier, Magalhães, de Castro, McManus and de Melo.)

Animal diseases can be both a precursor to social instability and a result of social instability. For disease outbreaks to be prevented or even quickly controlled, an efficient and well-structured veterinary service is fundamental. The monitoring of the efficiency of an official veterinary service (OVS) by official audits is a sine qua non condition for the progress of an efficient way to control and eradicate diseases. In this sense, the present work aims to study the advances and challenges of the OVS of the Federal District (DF), Brazil, from a study of the scores obtained by the evaluation of the Programme of Quality Evaluation and Improvement of Official Veterinary Services which is based on the World Organisation for Animal Health - Performance of Veterinary Services Pathway (Quali-SV/OIE-PVS), which was used to officially assess the quality and improvement of the OVS of the DF. In Brazil, the official evaluation was conducted by the Coordination of Evaluation and Improvement of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply, considering manpower, infrastructure and financial resources. Five possible scoring levels were audited: authority, technical and operational capacity, interaction with stakeholders and access to markets. These components were described and assessed as critical competencies in the OVS assessment. Strengths and weaknesses observed during the audit were listed, and levels of OVS progress were rated and assessed. Despite the predominance of strengths in the OVS audit, the weaknesses detected require urgent corrective action, especially with regard to the autonomy of the OVS., Competing Interests: Conflict of interests: The authors declare that they have no confict of interest., (Copyright Taques et al.)

Like humans, horses are susceptible to neurotropic and neuroinvasive pathogens that are not always readily identified in histological sections. Instead, alterations in astrocytes and microglia cells can be used as pathological hallmarks of injured nervous tissue in a variety of infectious and degenerative diseases. On the other hand, equine glial cell alterations are poorly characterized in diseases. Therefore, in this study, we provide a statistically proved score system to classify astrogliosis and microgliosis in the central nervous system (CNS) of horses, based on morphological and quantitative analyses of 35 equine cases of encephalitis and/or encephalopathies and four non-altered CNS as controls. For this system, we used glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba1) immunohistochemistry, allied to statistical analysis to confirm that the scores were correctly designated. The scores of alterations ranged from 0 (non-altered) to 3 (severely altered) and provided a helpful method for describing astrocytic and microglial alterations in horses suffering from inflammatory and degenerative lesions. This system could be a template for comparative studies in other animal species and could aid algorithms designed for artificial intelligence methods lacking a defined morphological pattern., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Boos, Failing, Colodel, Driemeier, Castro, Bassuino, Diomedes Barbosa and Herden.)