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The Preference for Intuition and Deliberation in Food Decision-Making Scale (E-PID) was developed to evaluate both intuitive and deliberative food decision-making within a single instrument. However, its psychometric properties have only been assessed among German-speaking participants. The main aim of the present study was to evaluate evidence of validity and reliability of the E-PID among 604 Brazilian adult women. Exploratory (n = 289) and confirmatory factor analyses (n = 315) were conducted to evaluate the factor structure of the E-PID. Convergent validity was assessed correlating the E-PID with measures of eating behaviors (Tree-Factor Eating Questionnaire-18), intuitive eating (Intuitive Eating Scale-2), and a measure of beliefs and attitudes towards food (Food-Life Questionnaire-SF). McDonald's Omega coefficient (ω) was used to test the internal consistency of the E-PID. Results from an exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis supported a two-factor structure with seven items. We found good internal consistency (McDonald's ω = 0.77–0.81). Furthermore, the E-PID demonstrated adequate convergent validity with measures of intuitive, restrictive, emotional and uncontrolled eating, and beliefs and attitudes towards food. Results support the use of the E-PID as a measure of intuition and deliberation in food decision-making among Brazilian adult women, expanding the literature on eating decision-making styles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weight stigma is described as prejudice and discrimination concerning body weight. People stigmatized by their body weight report worse physical and mental health and, consequently, poor psychosocial functioning. Research has shown a high prevalence of weight stigma among health professionals. However, less is known about weight stigma among healthcare undergraduate students. In this vignette study, we assessed weight stigma in 217 healthcare students, who filled sociodemographic and weight stigma measures, and read one of three vignettes at random, each one with a hypothetical patient which differs only in terms of body weight (underweight, healthy weight, and overweight). Then, participants answered ten questions/statements about patient characteristics described in the vignette to assess the influence of body weight on stigmatizing beliefs. Weight stigma was found in 39.44% of healthcare students. Moreover, weight stigma was higher among men, healthy weight people, and Physical Therapy students. This experimental study showed more negative attitudes in participants exposed to the patient with overweight and underweight vignettes compared to those exposed to the healthy weight patient vignette. Due to the known impacts of weight stigma, efforts are needed to address this issue during the training of healthcare undergraduate students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Gay and bisexual men are at an increased risk for eating disorders (EDs) and muscle dysmorphia (MD) compared with their heterosexual counterparts. Existing dissonance‐based (DB) EDs prevention programs for this population have been evaluated in the United States; however, these programs have not been evaluated in the Brazilian context. Thus, we investigated the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a DB ED prevention program (i.e., the PRIDE Body Project) among Brazilian cisgender gay and bisexual men. Method: Eligible men were randomly assigned to either a DB intervention (n = 74) condition or an assessment‐only control (AOC) condition (n = 75). Participants completed measures assessing ED and MD risk and protective factors at baseline, post‐intervention, 1‐month, 6‐month, and 1‐year follow‐up. Those in the intervention condition also completed acceptability measures. Results: Feasibility and acceptability ratings were highly favorable. Regarding efficacy, post‐intervention results were not significant, except for self‐objectification, which showed a significantly greater decrease in the DB condition compared with the AOC condition at all time‐points of follow‐ups (Cohen's d = −0.31 to −0.76). At follow‐up, the DB condition showed significantly greater decreases in appearance‐ideal internalization, drive for muscularity, self‐objectification, ED and MD symptoms at 1‐month, 6‐month, and 1‐year follow‐ups (d = −0.33 to −0.92) compared with the AOC condition. Significant increases were observed in the DB compared with the AOC condition for body appreciation at 1‐month, 6‐month, and 1‐year follow‐ups (d = 0.31–0.81). Discussion: Results support the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of the PRIDE Body Project up to 1‐year in Brazilian cisgender gay and bisexual men. Trial Registration: Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC; available at http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/) number of registration: RBR‐62fctqz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to describe the translation into Brazilian Portuguese and the analysis of conceptual, semantic, and instrumental equivalences and assessment of internal consistency of the Male Body Dissatisfaction Scale (MBDS). The study included the steps of (1) translation; (2) synthesis of translation; (3) back-translation; (4) review by experts - judges - analysis of the semantic and instrumental equivalences; (5) pre-test - assessment of verbal understanding of the instrument by specialists and male students; (6) analysis of the internal consistency by Cronbach's α coefficient. The MBDS was translated and adapted into Brazilian Portuguese maintaining its original 25 items, showed good verbal comprehension, and had an internal consistency coefficient of 0.92. The scale was translated and adapted with satisfactory results, thus confirming its initial psychometric qualities. The instrument requires further analysis of internal and external validity, and reproducibility.

Objective: This systematic review evaluates and summarizes existing eating disorder (ED) prevention programs in Latin American countries. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using the Cochrane Controlled Trial Register, PubMed, and Virtual Health Library databases up to and including July 31, 2022. All ED prevention studies published in English, Spanish or Portuguese were eligible, regardless of the study design, sample characteristics, and type of prevention programs. The Cochrane Collaboration Risk of Bias criteria were used to evaluate the quality of the included studies. Results: Twenty‐two studies were included. Most were pilot studies that were nonrandomized, had a high risk of bias, were from Mexico and Brazil, and employed selective interventions. Dissonance‐based programs and social cognitive theory were the commonly used approaches in interventions, and most of them were tested in adolescent girls and women. Short follow‐ups were used, varying from 1 to 6 months. Many found significant decreases after the intervention and/or at follow‐up in ED/disordered eating risk behaviors/symptoms, negative affect, body‐ideal internalization, and body image disturbances. Conclusions: This review highlights promising efforts to prevent EDs among Latin American countries. Some barriers in conducting research include funding restrictions, laws that do not allow remuneration or compensation for participants, and high costs of training. Nonetheless, the outcomes of the programs developed and evaluated so far are positive enough to merit further work on ED prevention. Efforts for future researchers should recruit samples with diverse characteristics, use robust designs and data analysis techniques, and expand the accessibility of prevention programs. Public Significance Statement: The development of effective eating disorder (ED) prevention programs that can be broadly implemented is a public health priority. Nevertheless, there is limited evidence regarding the characteristics of ED prevention programs and their efficacy among Latin American countries. In the present study, we reviewed existing ED prevention programs adopted in Latin America, described their characteristics and outcomes, noted the limitations of available programs, and discussed the implications of these findings for efforts to prevent the development of EDs in Latin America. The outcomes of the programs developed and evaluated so far are positive enough to merit the development and rigorous evaluation of future programs and their broad dissemination in Latin American countries. PROSPERO registration number CRD42021275245. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The Muscularity‐Oriented Eating Test (MOET) is a 15‐item unidimensional scale, designed to assess eating practices that occur in the pursuit of a muscular body. The aim of the present study was to describe the translation and cultural adaptation of the MOET to Brazilian Portuguese, to explore its factor structure and measurement invariance, and to evaluate its internal consistency, three‐week test–retest reliability, and convergent validity in a community sample of Brazilian men and women. Method: After the back‐translation procedure, the Brazilian MOET was administered online to a sample of 1246 adults (634 men and 612 women), along with measures of drive for muscularity, muscle dysmorphia symptoms, muscular/athletic‐ideal internalization, disordered eating behaviors, and exercise dependence. Results: Findings from an exploratory factor analysis and a confirmatory factor analysis revealed a one‐factor structure and adequate internal consistency for men (ω = 0.86; α = 0.86) and women (ω =.84; α =.83). Measurement invariance across gender was supported. In addition, the scale demonstrated good three week test–retest reliability for both men (ICC =.96; p <.001) and women (ICC =.92; p <.001), and the subscales revealed moderate to large associations with drive for muscularity, muscle dysmorphia symptoms, muscular/athletic‐ideal internalization, disordered eating, and exercise dependence. Conclusion: This study supports the validity and reliability of the MOET in a community sample of Brazilian men and women and represents an advance in measures of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating in Brazilian adults, allowing for future cross‐cultural studies in this field. Public Significance: The Muscularity‐Oriented Eating Test (MOET) is a measure of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating, which assess strict adherence to diet rules, including the food's macronutrient content, regulation of protein intake, and eating less or more to influence muscle gain. This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the MOET in a community sample of Brazilian men and women. Our findings represent an advance in measures of muscularity‐oriented disordered eating in Brazilian adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: One of the most widely used assessment tools for disordered eating attitudes and behaviors, the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q), has not yet been evaluated in Brazilian cisgender gay and bisexual men—an at‐risk population given the extent of minority stressors in Brazilian culture. The present study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the EDE‐Q among Brazilian cisgender gay and bisexual adult men. Method: The Brazilian EDE‐Q was administered to a sample of 1409 gay and bisexual adult men, along with measures of self‐objectification, body‐ideal internalization, drive for muscularity, muscle dysmorphia symptoms, and body appreciation. The factor structure of the Brazilian EDE‐Q was assessed using a two‐step, split‐sample exploratory (EFA; n = 704) and confirmatory factor analytic approach (CFA; n = 705). Additionally, convergent validity, internal consistency, and 2‐week test–retest reliability were assessed. Results: Findings from an EFA and CFA revealed a one‐factor structure with 22 items and adequate internal consistency (ω =.92, 95% CI = [.91,.93]). Moreover, the scale demonstrated good 2‐week test–retest reliability (ICC =.86, 95% CI = [.82,.88], p <.001). The EDE‐Q scores showed positive associations with self‐objectification, body‐ideal internalization, muscle dysmorphia symptoms, and drive for muscularity, as well as a negative association with body appreciation. Discussion: Results provide support for the use of the EDE‐Q using a one‐factor structure in Brazilian cisgender gay and bisexual adult men and give insights for future studies on eating disorders in sexual minorities in Latin America. Public Significance: The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) is one of the most widely used self‐report measures of eating disorder symptoms. However, there is a lack of research on the validity and reliability of the EDE‐Q in Latin American countries. This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the EDE‐Q in Brazilian cisgender gay and bisexual adult men. Our findings give insights for future studies on eating disorders in sexual minorities in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study verified the performance probabilities by mixed martial arts rounds by the same athletes, doing paired comparisons of time–motion and actions before and after 10 y. The sample was composed of 845 Ultimate Fighting Championship rounds of 45 athletes separated into before (M1, age range 34–44 y) and after (M2, age range 44–54 y). Motor-control (takedowns, submissions, chokes, locks, strike actions to the head, and body and leg strikes attempted and landed) and time–motion (high and low intensities and standing and ground times) analyses were done. The main results showed significant differences (P ≤.05) in total strikes landed (M1 22 [13; 34] > M2 18 [10; 31.7]), total strikes attempted (M1 41 [24.5; 62] > M2 35 [21; 48]), single head strikes attempted (M1 19 [9; 34.5] > M2 16.5 [9; 28]), single body strikes landed (M1 1 [0; 4] > M2 1 [0; 2]), single body strikes attempted (M1 2 [0; 5] > M2 1 [0; 3]), takedowns attempted (M1 1 [0; 2] > M2 1 [0; 2]), standing combat time (M1 2:10.28 [1:38.95] > M2 1:55.56 [1:32.17]), and low-intensity time (M1 2:11.45 [1:38.95] > M2 1:56.26 [1:31.89]). Variables that increased the probability to be associated with over the years were body strikes landed, head strikes landed, total strikes landed, and single strikes attempted, whereas body strikes attempted, head strikes attempted, total strikes attempted, and submission attempted had a negative association with mixed martial arts years of experience. Therefore, M2 athletes should be focused on standing combat time combined with strikes-landed actions, targeting the head—it has the highest potential performance probability and avoid unsuccessful body-strike attempts and submissions—which has the lowest potential performance probability over 10 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To describe the translation and cultural adaptation, and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Body Image in Pregnancy Scale when applied to Brazilian pregnant women. Poor body image of pregnant women is associated with negative outcomes for maternal and child health. However, there is a lack of psychometric studies aiming to evaluate the body image experiences during pregnancy. A methodological study was carried out with 187 Brazilian pregnant women. We performed translation and cross-cultural adaptation (evidence of content validity), and evaluated the psychometric properties (factorial validity through principal component analysis, discriminant validity, and estimated internal consistency) of the Brazilian version of the Body Image in Pregnancy Scale. The scale items presented semantic, idiomatic, cultural, and conceptual equivalences, showing evidence of content validity. Principal component analysis resulted in a 6-factor structure with 35 items which showed an adequate adjustment of the scale among Brazilian pregnant women. Adequate estimated internal consistency (Cronbach's α =.88) was found. The Brazilian version was not able to discriminate pregnant women from different gestational age. The Brazilian version of the Body Image in Pregnancy Scale showed evidence of content validity, factorial validity, and estimated internal consistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is considered a devastating disease and its treatment act directly on the individual's lifestyle, however, practicing exercises to the point of generating beneficial changes in the quality of life is still divergent. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is a benefit of physical exercise on the Quality of Life of the patient. Electronic databases (i.e. Pubmed/Medline, ISI Web of Knowledge, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, and Lilacs) forward-citation searches and manual searches of reference lists were used to locate relevant studies up to June 2018. The terms used were "Physical Exercise", "cancer" and "EORTC QLQ C-30". Randomized clinical trials in humans with a 10-year cohort and exercise as a form of intervention and improvement in Quality of Life were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis was based on 20 studies, scoring a maximum of 11 points in the PEDRo scale. Where they evaluated the effects of physical exercise on QOL. The present meta-analysis included studies with a diagnosis of breast cancer, esophageal, lung, gynecological, and other unspecified. The main modalities practiced were aerobic exercise, cardiovascular training, resistance training, strength training, gymnastics, 6 min walk, and Pilates. In meta-analysis indicated that comparisons between the intervention and control group had differences in the quality of life of patients during the interventions and after the time of exercise intervention. Our results also demonstrated a large heterogeneity between the effects of physical activities in the EQTC QLQ C-30 results would be most likely due to differences in the type of exercise and the respective periods carried out. Future studies are necessary in order to conclude a causal relationship between the type of exercise and the time of intervention in cancer patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Evidência is the property of Evidencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Evidência is the property of Evidencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Evidência is the property of Evidencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study compared muscle dysmorphia symptoms, body image disturbances (body dissatisfaction, drive for muscularity and body-ideal internalization) and commitment to exercise between sedentary and physical active subjects. For this, we evaluated 265 undergraduate men (22.4±3.7 yrs.). The following measures were applied: sociodemographic data, Muscle Dysmorphia Disorder Inventory (muscle dysmorphia), Male Body Dissatisfaction Scale (body dissatisfaction), Drive for Muscularity Scale (drive for muscularity), Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Questionnaire-3 (body-ideal internalization) and Commitment to Exercise Scale (commitment to exercise). Participants were classified as sedentary, physically active (frequency ranging between one to four times a week) and very active (frequency five times a week or more). Analysis of variance (ANOVA one-way), followed by Tukey post hoc showed significant differences between sedentary and physically very active groups on body dissatisfaction (5.7±1.1 and 5.2±1.0 a.u.; p = .042), drive for muscularity (27.3±10.0 and 33.5±12.1 a.u.; p = .001) and commitment to exercise (259.9±199.6 and 536.3±216.6 a.u.; p = .001). Difference was also observed between active and very active groups, but only to commitment to exercise (440.9±214.2 and 536.3±216.6 a.u.; p = .001). Our results showed that drive for muscularity and commitment to exercise is higher in very active when compared to sedentary subjects. However, sedentary group manifested higher body dissatisfaction than very active. Very active undergraduate men showed higher commitment to exercise than active and sedentary did. Finally, no differences were observed between groups for muscle dysmorphia symptoms and body-ideal internalization. In conclusion, our data add information to the scientific debate demonstrating that there are differences between physically active and sedentary subjects regarding body image disturbances and commitment to exercise. Body dissatisfaction, drive for muscularity and commitment to exercise vary between sedentary and active subjects, and appears to be dose dependent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared the injury incidence, motor actions and the time-motion of combat before and after the changes in Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) rules. The sample was composed of 3,538 male matches, with 1,756 rounds prior to 2011, and 1,802 after the 2012 rule changes. The analyses showed higher frequency after rule changes of total strike attempts (41.5±25.9 and 43.6±26.4 for Before vs. After; p=0.03), single strike attempts (31.0±22.8 and 34.8±24.8 for Before vs. After; p=0.001), single head strike attempts (24.1±19.6 and 27.4±21.5 for Before vs. After; p=0.001), single body strike attempts (4.0±4.2 and 4.4±4.3 for Before vs. After; p=0.001), single strike landed (13.3±11.1 and 14.7±11.0 for Before vs. After; p=0.001), single head strike landed (8.1±8.5 and 9.2±8.3 for Before vs. After; p=0.001), and single leg strike landed (2.3±3.15 and 2.5±3.2 for Before vs. After; p=0.02). There was a higher exposure time after the changes (383.3 vs. 480.2; for Before vs. After, p=0.019). Furthermore, there was a higher frequency of bouts ended in the last round (5°) after the rule changes (90 vs. 150; p=0.006). Our results showed higher exposure time and frequency of technical-tactical actions correlated with injury incidence in professional MMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the life expectancy of the world population increases, debates about the aging process also spark off. However, studies that focus on the role of physical exercises on the quality of life and on the subjective wellbeing of older seniors are still lacking. The reason may be because most of these individuals get to this stage without any being able to practice physical exercises. As a result, a systematic review of the literature was performed in order to identify and analyze the effects of the practice of physical exercises on the quality of life and on the subjective well-being of older seniors. It was also intended to verify the most common measurement instruments that evaluate these constructs, as well as the set of variables that are associated with them. The search was performed in databases such as PubMed, Scopus and BVS, during 2012 and 2017, by using descriptive terms like "quality of life," "subjective well-being," "aged," "aged 80 and over," "exercise," and "physical activity." There were found 7,324 studies, out of which 22 randomized controlled clinical trials were chosen for investigation. Consistently, these studies indicate positive results of the practice of physical exercises on the variables of interest. Most of the studies evaluated the quality of life through a measurement instrument, The Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) being the most frequent. Among the results that investigate subjective well-being, only one of them uses a specific instrument, the 5-Item Satisfaction with Life Scale. Among the variables that can impact on the quality of live and the subjective well-being of older seniors, sex, age, and the risk of falling stand out. Furthermore, scientific gaps were identified and discussed. Further studies should focus on homogeneous samples to evaluate the quality of life and the well-being of the older seniors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Evidência is the property of Evidencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Evidência is the property of Evidencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)