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We modify the hydrodynamic equations of a relativistic chiral plasma to account for dissipative effects due to QCD sphaleron transitions. By analyzing the linearized hydrodynamic equations, we show that sphaleron transitions lead to nontrivial effects on vector and axial charge transport phenomena in the presence of a magnetic field. Notably, dissipative effects of sphaleron transitions lead to the emergence of a wavenumber threshold that characterizes the onset of Chiral Magnetic Waves. Sphaleron damping also significantly impacts the time evolution of both vector and axial charge perturbations in the presence of a magnetic field. We further investigate the dependence of charge separation on the rate of sphaleron transitions, which may have implications for the experimental search for the Chiral Magnetic Effect in heavy ion collisions.

In submerged arc welding (SAW) of chromium (Cr) containing steels, Cr is usually added to the weld metal from the weld wire, and not from the welding flux. Manufacturing of weld wires of specific compositions is expensive and time consuming and cannot closely match all the desired alloy compositions. Therefore, the weld wire chemistry is usually over matched to the base plate composition. Better matching between the weld metal and base plate is possible if the weld metal incorporates Cr from Cr containing metal powder, instead of sourcing Cr from weld wire of limited Cr content. Because Cr is easily oxidised, the oxygen partial pressure in SAW must be controlled. This work illustrates the control of the oxygen potential at the molten flux-weld pool interface by using aluminium (Al) powder addition. The controlled oxygen potential at the molten flux-weld pool interface ensures increased Cr powder transfer into the weld pool, without interfering with oxygen transfer from the plasma arc to the weld pool. The objective of this work is to use targeted powder additions to better control Cr reactions in SAW to improve Cr metal transfer to the weld metal and maintain an acceptable level of oxygen in the weld metal.

Nienke E Dijkstra,1,2 Marcia Vervloet,3 Carolien G M Sino,1 Eibert R Heerdink,2,4 Marjorie Nelissen-Vrancken,5 Nienke Bleijenberg,1,6 Marijn de Bruin,7 Lisette Schoonhoven6,8 1Research Group Care for the Chronically Ill, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; 2Research Group Innovation in Pharmaceutical Care, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands; 3Nivel, Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research, Utrecht, the Netherlands; 4Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; 5Dutch Institute for Rational Use of Medicine, Utrecht, the Netherlands; 6Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; 7IQ Healthcare, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; 8School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southhampton, UKCorrespondence: Nienke E DijkstraResearch Group Proactive Care for Elderly People Living at Home, University of Applied Sciences Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 7, Utrecht, 3584 CS, the NetherlandsTel +31 641620681Email nienke.dijkstra@hu.nlPurpose: To describe nurses’ support interventions for medication adherence, and patients’ experiences and desired improvements with this care.Patients and Methods: A two-phase study was performed, including an analysis of questionnaire data and conducted interviews with members of the care panel of the Netherlands Patients Federation. The questionnaire assessed 14 types of interventions, satisfaction (score 0– 10) with received interventions, needs, experiences, and desired improvements in nurses’ support. Interviews further explored experiences and improvements. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a thematic analysis approach.Results: Fifty-nine participants completed the questionnaire, and 14 of the 59 participants were interviewed. The satisfaction score for interventions was 7.9 (IQR 7– 9). The most common interventions were: “noticing when I don’t take medication as prescribed” (n = 35), “helping me to find solutions to overcome problems with using medications” (n = 32), “helping me with taking medication” (n = 32), and “explaining the importance of taking medication at the right moment” (n = 32). Fifteen participants missed ≥ 1 of the 14 interventions. Most mentioned the following: “regularly asking about potential problems with medication use” (33%), “regularly discussing whether using medication is going well” (29%), and “explaining the importance of taking medication at the right moment” (27%). Twenty-two participants experienced the following as positive: improved self-management of adequate medication taking, a professional patient–nurse relationship to discuss adherence problems, and nurses’ proactive attitude to arrange practical support for medication use. Thirteen patients experienced the following as negative: insufficient timing of home visits, rushed appearance of nurses, and insufficient expertise about side effects and taking medication. Suggested improvements included performing home visits on time, more time for providing support in medication use, and more expertise about side effects and administering medication.Conclusion: Overall, participants were satisfied, and few participants wanted more interventions. Nurses’ support improved participants’ self-management of medication taking and enabled patients to discuss their adherence problems. Adequately timed home visits, more time for support, and accurate medication-related knowledge are desired.Keywords: medication adherence, patient preference, home care, home care nurses, patient satisfaction, patient adherence

Background: When learning causal relations, completing causal diagrams enhances students' comprehension judgements to some extent. To potentially boost this effect, advances in natural language processing (NLP) enable real-time formative feedback based on the automated assessment of students' diagrams, which can involve the correctness of both the responses and their position in the causal chain. However, the responsible adoption and effectiveness of automated diagram assessment depend on its reliability. Objectives: In this study, we compare two Dutch pre-trained models (i.e., based on RobBERT and BERTje) in combination with two machine-learning classifiers--Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Neural Networks (NN), in terms of different indicators of automated diagram assessment reliability. We also contrast two techniques (i.e., semantic similarity and machine learning) for estimating the correct position of a student diagram response in the causal chain. Methods: For training and evaluation of the models, we capitalize on a human-labelled dataset containing 2900+ causal diagrams completed by 700+ secondary school students, accumulated from previous diagramming experiments. Results and Conclusions: In predicting correct responses, 86% accuracy and Cohen's ? of 0.69 were reached, with combinations using SVM being roughly three-times faster (important for real-time applications) than their NN counterparts. In terms of predicting the response position in the causal diagrams, 92% accuracy and 0.89 Cohen's K were reached. Implications: Taken together, these evaluation figures equip educational designers for decision-making on when these NLP-powered learning analytics are warranted for automated formative feedback in causal relation learning; thereby potentially enabling real-time feedback for learners and reducing teachers' workload.

Study habits drive a large portion of how university students study. Some of these habits are not effective in fostering academic achievement. To support students in breaking old, ineffective habits and forming new, effective study habits, an in-depth understanding of what students' study habits look like and how they are both formed and broken is needed. Therefore, in this study, we explored these aspects among first-year university students in six focus group discussions (N = 29). Using a thematic analysis approach, we clustered the data in five themes: "Goals Matter," 'Balancing Perceived Efficiency and Effectiveness when Studying," "Navigating Student Life: from Structured Routines to Self-Regulation Challenges," "the Quest for Effective Habits with Trying to Break Free From the Screen" as subtheme, and the "Motivation Roller Coaster." Findings suggest that students had different study habits depending on their goals. Students had quite accurate metacognitive knowledge about effective learning strategies for long-term learning, but often used other learning strategies they deemed most efficient in reaching their goals. Students indicated intentions to change, but did not prioritize change as their current habits enabled them to pass exams and change was not perceived as adding value. Fluctuations in motivation and transitioning to a self-regulated life hampered students' intentions to form new and break old habits. Next to insights into factors affecting students' behavioral change intentions, the findings suggest the importance of aligning assessment methods with life-long learning and supporting students in their long-term academic goal setting to prioritize study habits which target lasting learning to optimally foster their self-regulated learning.

Children's religious education is vital for the formation of pupils in Dutch Orthodox Protestant schools. Therefore, it seems self-evident that parents and teachers cooperate. This article presents research on parents' and teachers' opinions about the helpfulness of cooperative practices in religious education. A total of 1346 parents and teachers completed questionnaires developed from a previous study. This article finds that parents and teachers cherish the ideal of 'coherence between school and family' although differences between the respondent groups and school types occurred. Moreover, the research shows that this ideal influences the valuing of cooperative practices of religious education.

Willem MA Verhoeven,1– 3 Jos IM Egger,3– 5 Rob E Jongbloed,6 Marloes Meijer van Putten,6 Marieke de Bruin-van Zandwijk,7 Anne-Suus Zwemer,7 Rolph Pfundt,4,8 Marjolein H Willemsen8 1Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; 2Centre for Consultation and Expertise, Utrecht, the Netherlands; 3Vincent van Gogh Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Venray, the Netherlands; 4Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands; 5Stevig, Specialized and Forensic Care for People with Intellectual Disabilities, Dichterbij, Oostrum, the Netherlands; 6Raphael Institute Scorlewald, Centre for People with Intellectual Disabilities, Schoorl, the Netherlands; 7ASVZ, Centre for People with Intellectual Disabilities, Sliedrecht, the Netherlands; 8Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, the NetherlandsCorrespondence: Willem MA VerhoevenVincent Van Gogh Centre of Excellence for Neuropsychiatry, Stationsweg 46, 5803 AC, Venray, the NetherlandsTel +31 651156556Fax +31 478584765Email wmaverhoeven@planet.nlAbstract: The catenin beta-1 (CTNNB1) gene, encoding a sub-unit of the cadherin/catenin protein complex that is involved in the Wnt signalling pathway important for proper interneuron development, is considered to be causative for the rare autosomal dominant mental retardation syndrome, formerly called MRD19 but later renamed neurodevelopmental disorder with spastic diplegia and visual defects (NEDSDV). Its main characteristics are moderate to severe intellectual disability (ID), disruptive autistic behaviours, microcephaly, absent or limited speech, facial dysmorphisms, peripheral hypertonia/spasticity, motor delay and visual defects. So far, 35 patients have been reported with a de novo loss-of-function variant in CTNNB1. In two other patients, a deletion comprising the full gene was found. Four out of the 37 patients were of adult age (range: 27– 51 years), while the majority was infant or adolescent (range: 0– 20 years). Here, a 32-year-old severely intellectually disabled female patient is described in whom exome sequencing disclosed a de novo heterozygous splice site variant in the CTNNB1 gene [Chr3(GRCh37): g.41267064G>T; NM_001904.3: 23. c.734+1G>T; r. spl?]. Somatic investigation disclosed significant microcephaly and minor facial dysmorphisms. Neurological examination demonstrated severe kyphoscoliosis, distal spastic tetraparesis, especially of the legs with increased tendon reflexes and bilateral Babinski sign, resulting in severely impaired walking capability with a broad-based gait. Apart from strabismus, no ophthalmological abnormalities were found. Here, the reported variant in the CTNNB1 gene was not published earlier nor is included in the international databases. This specific variant is considered to be causative for the severe ID, autism and the somato-neurological phenotype of the patient and corresponds with a diagnosis of NEDSDV.Keywords: heterozygous splice site variant, CTNNB1, NEDSDV, autism, intellectual disability, distal spastic tetraparesis

Simone R de Bruin,1,2 Ingeborg Pedersen,3 Siren Eriksen,4 Jan Hassink,5 Lenneke Vaandrager,2 Grete Grindal Patil3 1National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands; 2Department of Social Sciences, Wageningen University & Research, Health and Society, Wageningen, the Netherlands; 3Faculty of Landscape and Society, Department of Public Health Science, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, As, Norway; 4Faculty of Health Sciences, Norwegian Advisory Unit on Ageing and Health, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway; VID Specialized University, Oslo, Norway; 5Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen Plant Research, Agrosystems Research, Wageningen, the NetherlandsCorrespondence: Simone R de Bruin Email simone.de.bruin@rivm.nlAbstract: There is growing recognition that traditional dementia care models fall short for people with dementia and their family caregivers. This has led to a call for new dementia care approaches. In response to this call, innovations in long-term dementia care are taking place both in the community and in residential care. One of these innovations is the care concept called “care farming.” Care farms are farms that combine agricultural activities with care and support services for a variety of client groups, including people with dementia. Although the concept is being implemented in an increasing number of countries, the Netherlands and Norway are still front-runners in providing and researching this innovative dementia care approach. Over the last couple of years, several research projects have been carried out in these countries addressing a wide range of issues related to dementia care provision at care farms and using a wide range of research methods. This paper synthesizes the knowledge that has been generated in these research projects. By sharing the knowledge obtained in the Netherlands and Norway, we hope to inspire leaders in healthcare undertaking similar efforts to innovate care for the increasing number of people with dementia. By providing starting-points for future research, we additionally hope to contribute to a research agenda to further advance the field.Keywords: care farms, dementia care, green care, innovation, person-centered care