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Folate (FT) is a suitable targeting ligand for folate receptors (FOLR) overexpressed on inflamed cells. Thus, FT‐loaded polymers can be used as FOLRs‐targeted immunotherapy to positively modulate the inflammatory process. A novel biodegradable imprinted polymer with a FT delivery mechanism driven by pH changes [PCL‐MIP@FT] is designed with molecularly imprinted technology. The pH mechanism is validated in vitro, demonstrating that an acidic environment accelerated and increased the release of FT for a period of 7 days (∼100 µg mL−1). For the first time, FT receptors (FOLR‐1 and FOLR‐3) are discovered and also overexpressed on activated human gingival fibroblasts, representing a favorable target in the oral environment. Although FT itself does not have antimicrobial effects, the nanomechanical properties of biofilm are changed after topical FT administration. In vivo systemic toxicity of PCL‐MIP@FT has been demonstrated to be a safe biomaterial (up to 1.3 mg kg−1). When the PCL‐MIP@FT is assessed in the subcutaneous tissue, it promoted an alleviating inflammation and may be able to stimulate tissue repair. The present findings have demonstrated the reliable in vitro and in vivo anti‐inflammatory actions of FT‐loaded polymer and support its use as a novel drug‐free therapeutic platform for modulating and mitigating inflammatory responses in dental implant‐related infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bacterial biofilm infections remain prevalent reasons for implant failure. Dental implant placement occurs in the oral environment, which harbors a plethora of biofilm-forming bacteria. Due to its trans-mucosal placement, part of the implant structure is exposed to oral cavity and there is no effective measure to prevent bacterial attachment to implant materials. Here, we demonstrated that UV treatment of titanium immediately prior to use (photofunctionalization) affects the ability of human polymicrobial oral biofilm communities to colonize in the presence of salivary and blood components. UV-treatment of machined titanium transformed the surface from hydrophobic to superhydrophilic. UV-treated surfaces exhibited a significant reduction in bacterial attachment as well as subsequent biofilm formation compared to untreated ones, even though overall bacterial viability was not affected. The function of reducing bacterial colonization was maintained on UV-treated titanium that had been stored in a liquid environment before use. Denaturing gradient gel-electrophoresis (DGGE) and DNA sequencing analyses revealed that while bacterial community profiles appeared different between UV-treated and untreated titanium in the initial attachment phase, this difference vanished as biofilm formation progressed. Our findings confirm that UV-photofunctionalization of titanium has a strong potential to improve outcome of implant placement by creating and maintaining antimicrobial surfaces.

Purpose: Antibacterial dental implants and related prosthetic components could help to reduce infection and prevent peri-implantitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ultraviolet (UV) light treatment of titanium on biofilm formation of human oral bacteria. Materials and Methods: Machineprepared commercially pure titanium disks were treated with UV light for 12 minutes. Human oral bacteria were seeded onto untreated and UV-treated disks. Early bacterial attachment to titanium was assessed at 12 hours. Surface topography of initial biofilms was evaluated by 3D scanning electron microscopy at 24 hours. The quantity and morphology of subsequent colony development and biofilm formation were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy for up to 7 days. Results: Throughout the time course, significantly fewer bacterial cells attached to UV-treated titanium surfaces compared with untreated ones. While biofilm developed rapidly to a final thickness of approximately 16 µm by day 3 on untreated titanium, on UV-treated surfaces it remained below 8 µm, even at day 7. Similarly, UV treatment resulted in 70% less exopolysaccharide (EPS) volume than on untreated surfaces at day 7. This is consistent with the finding that EPS production per cell was significantly lower on UV-treated surfaces. Untreated titanium surfaces covered with biofilm were fivefold rougher than the original machined surface, while UV-treated surfaces remained twofold rougher due to significantly less biofilm formation. Conclusion: UV treatment of titanium surfaces significantly reduces attachment of human oral bacteria and subsequent biofilm formation as well as EPS production for at least 7 days. UV treatment prevented the escalation of surface colonization, mitigating an unfavorable bacteriophilic cascade and environmental trigger for biofilm formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia is the property of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia is the property of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia is the property of Universidade Estadual Paulista. Revista de Odontologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this clinical report is to describe the complex treatment of an adult Class 111 malocclusion patient who was disappointed with the outcome of a previous oral rehabilitation. Interdisciplinary treatment planning was performed with a primary indication for implant removal because of marginal bone loss and gingival recession, followed by orthodontic and surgical procedures to correct the esthetics and skeletal malocclusion. The comprehensive treatment approach included: (1) implant removal in the area of the central incisors; (2) combined orthodontic decompensation with mesial displacement and forced extrusion of the lateral incisofs; (3) extraction of the lateral incisors and placement of new implants corresponding to the central incisors, which received provisional crowns; (4) orthognathic surgery for maxillary advancement to improve occlusal and facial relationships; and finally, (5) orthodontic refinement followed by definitive prosthetic rehabilitation of the maxillary central incisors and reshaping of the adjacent teeth. At the three-year follow-up, clinical and radiographic examinations showed successful replacement of the central incisors and improved skeletal and esthetic appearances. Moreover, a Class 11 molar relationship was obtained with an ideal overbite, overjet, and intercuspation. In conclusion, we report the successful esthetic anterior rehabilitation of a complex case in which interdisciplinary treatment planning improved facial harmony, provided gingival architecture with sufficient width and thickness, and improved smile esthetics, resulting in enhanced patient comfort and satisfaction. This clinical case report might be useful to improve facial esthetics and occlusion in patients with dentoalveolar and skeletal defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this review was to investigate the relationship between biofilm and peri-implant disease, with an emphasis on the types of implant abutment surfaces. Individuals with periodontal disease typically have a large amount of pathogenic microorganisms in the periodontal pocket. If the individuals lose their teeth, these microorganisms remain viable inside the mouth and can directly influence peri-implant microbiota. Metal implants offer a suitable solution, but similarly, these remaining bacteria can adhere on abutment implant surfaces, induce peri-implantitis causing potential destruction of the alveolar bone near to the implant threads and cause the subsequent loss of the implant. Studies have demonstrated differences in biofilm formation on dental materials and these variations can be associated with both physical and chemical characteristics of the surfaces. In the case of partially edentulous patients affected by periodontal disease, the ideal type of implant abutments utilized should be one that adheres the least or negligible amounts of periodontopathogenic bacteria. Therefore, it is of clinically relevance to know how the bacteria behave on different types of surfaces in order to develop new materials and/or new types of treatment surfaces, which will reduce or inhibit adhesion of pathogenic microorganisms, and, thus, restrict the use of the abutments with indication propensity for bacterial adhesion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the current review was to investigate the implications of the surface and bulk properties of abutment implants and their degradation in relation to periodontal health. The success of dental implants is no longer a challenge for dentistry. The scientific literature presents several types of implants that are specific for each case. However, in cases of prosthetics components, such as abutments, further research is needed to improve the materials used to avoid bacterial adhesion and enhance contact with epithelial cells. The implanted surfaces of the abutments are composed of chemical elements that may degrade under different temperatures or be damaged by the forces applied onto them. This study showed that the resulting release of such chemical elements could cause inflammation in the periodontal tissue. At the same time, the surface characteristics can be altered, thus favoring biofilm development and further increasing the inflammation. Finally, if not treated, this inflammation can cause the loss of the implant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Implantable biomedical devices have found widespread use in restoring lost functions or structures within the human body, but they face a significant challenge from microbial-related infections, which often lead to implant failure. In this context, antimicrobial hydrogels emerge as a promising strategy for treating implant-associated infections owing to their tunable physicochemical properties. However, the literature lacks a comprehensive analysis of antimicrobial hydrogels, encompassing their development, mechanisms, and effect on implant-associated infections, mainly in light of existing in vitro, in vivo, and clinical evidence. Thus, this review addresses the strategies employed by existing studies to tailor hydrogel properties to meet the specific needs of each application. Furthermore, this comprehensive review critically appraises the development of antimicrobial hydrogels, with a particular focus on solving infections related to metallic orthopedic or dental implants. Then, preclinical and clinical studies centering on providing quantitative microbiological results associated with the application of antimicrobial hydrogels are systematically summarized. Overall, antimicrobial hydrogels benefit from the tunable properties of polymers and hold promise as an effective strategy for the local treatment of implant-associated infections. However, future clinical investigations, grounded on robust evidence from in vitro and preclinical studies, are required to explore and validate new antimicrobial hydrogels for clinical use., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Congenital dental agenesis, particularly in younger adults, can have a profound impact on aesthetics and overall quality of life. The scientific literature offers various management strategies for this condition, with orthodontic movement and implant-supported rehabilitation being central to treatment. However, achieving predictable and successful outcomes necessitates a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach. Such an approach integrates diverse professional perspectives to ensure accurate diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning, ultimately aiming to restore dental function and address aesthetic concerns effectively. In this case report, we present the successful rehabilitation of a young patient with congenital agenesis of the mandibular central incisors. The treatment strategy combined oral surgery (extraction of deciduous teeth and autogenous bone graft), orthodontic movement (opening spaces to allow implant installation), periodontics (connective tissue graft), implantology, and prosthetic planning. We detail the specific surgical approaches employed and discuss how their integration contributed to the overall success of the case. This multidisciplinary treatment approach not only restored dental function but also met the patient's aesthetic expectations and enhanced the patient's quality of life, highlighting the importance of a coordinated approach in managing complex dental conditions., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Gabriela Ezequiel Oliveira et al.)

Purpose: Antibacterial dental implants and related prosthetic components could help to reduce infection and prevent peri-implantitis. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of ultraviolet (UV) light treatment of titanium on biofilm formation of human oral bacteria., Materials and Methods: Machine-prepared commercially pure titanium disks were treated with UV light for 12 minutes. Human oral bacteria were seeded onto untreated and UV-treated disks. Early bacterial attachment to titanium was assessed at 12 hours. Surface topography of initial biofilms was evaluated by 3D scanning electron microscopy at 24 hours. The quantity and morphology of subsequent colony development and biofilm formation were examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy for up to 7 days., Results: Throughout the time course, significantly fewer bacterial cells attached to UV-treated titanium surfaces compared to untreated ones. While biofilm developed rapidly to a final thickness of about 16 μm by day 3 on untreated titanium, on UV-treated surfaces it remained below 8 μm, even at day 7. Similarly, UV treatment resulted in 70% less exopolysaccharides (EPS) volume than on untreated surfaces at day 7. This is consistent with the finding that EPS production per cell was significantly lower on UV-treated surfaces. Untreated titanium surfaces covered with biofilm were 5-fold rougher than the original machined surface, while UV-treated surfaces remained 2-fold rougher due to a significantly less biofilm formation., Conclusion: UV treatment of titanium surfaces significantly reduces attachment of human oral bacteria and subsequent biofilm formation as well as EPS production for at least 7 days. UV treatment prevented the escalation of surface colonization, mitigating an unfavorable bacteriophilic cascade and environmental trigger for biofilm formation.

The aim of this paper is to present a complex rehabilitation, of fractured tooth, with implants in anterior region considering the orthodontics extrusion to clinical success. At 7 years old, the patient fractured the maxillary left central incisor and the dentist did a crown with the fragment. Twenty years later, the patient was referred to a dental clinic for orthodontic treatment, with the chief complaint related to an accentuated deep bite, and a professional started an orthodontic treatment. After sixteen months of orthodontic treatment, tooth 21 fractured. The treatment plan included an orthodontic extrusion of tooth 21 and implant placement. This case has been followed up and the clinical and radiographic examinations show excellence esthetic results and satisfaction of patient. The forced extrusion can be a viable treatment option in the management of crown root fracture of an anterior tooth to gain bone in a vertical direction. This case emphasizes that to achieve the esthetic result a multidisciplinary approach is necessary.

When dental implants are malpositioned in relation to the adjacent teeth and alveolar bone or in an excessive buccal or lingual position, the final prosthesis rehabilitation impairs the peri-implant health of the gingival tissues and the aesthetics of the patient. Thus, the purpose of this case was to report and discuss a multidisciplinary protocol for the treatment of a compromised maxillary tooth in a patient with an abscess in his right central incisor due to an excessive buccal implant position. The patient presented with an implant-supported provisional restoration on his right maxillary central incisor and a traumatic injury in his left central incisor. The treatment protocol consisted in (i) abutment substitution to compensate the incorrect angulation of the implant, (ii) clinical crown lengthening, (iii) atraumatic extraction of the left central incisor, and (iv) immediate implant placement. Finally, (v) a custom abutment was fabricated to obtain a harmonious gingival contour around the prosthetic crown. In conclusion, when implants are incorrectly positioned in relation to the adjacent teeth, associated with soft-tissue defects, the challenge to create a harmonious mucogingival contours may be achieved with an interdisciplinary approach and with the placement of an appropriate custom abutment.