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The following article examines the political-cultural trajectory of the Congregation of the Mission in eighteenth-century Portugal. Having established themselves in the country in 1717, the Lazarists founded the Convent of Rilhafoles three years later, where they resided until the extinction of Portugal's religious orders in 1834. Under the protection of the Kings of Portugal and Brazil, the Lazarists participated in missions and took over houses and dioceses, while the eighteenth century also saw them assume many of the Jesuits' roles throughout the Portuguese Empire. Such a trajectory is relevant to the study due to the recurrent criticism of the regalism displayed by the congregants over the course of the nineteenth century. The article discusses how this process took place, analyzing the circulation of political and religious ideas in the Order's trajectory by means of an examination of the Lazarist library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers the year 1875 and the debate among members of the imperial political camp on a possible amnesty for bishops involved in the so-called “Religious Question” in the 1870s. Based on various texts on the subject driven by a central antithesis of “Freemasonry versus Ultramontanism”, which was the main theme of political-religious conflicts at the time, we examine this state of affairs by considering the response by imperial diplomacy, and fundamentally, the logic of constitutional law, with the debate related in records for the Council of State and other sources, both prior to and during the most tense years of the “Religious Question”. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a discussion on the political dynamics behind the Lazarist expansion toward schools and welfare institutions, and the limitations imposed by the Empire's political field to the ultramontane clergy. We worked with the hypothesis that both the expansion and the need for control were means of dominating over the family, which, from our point of view, was disputed by the Church and the State. We have also discussed a concept of “religious issue" in nineteen-century Brazil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]