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Planetariums are usually known as non-formal learning spaces and an incredible way to communicate astronomical and scientific knowledge. However, this potential increases when we build a planetarium because we add knowledge and fun to the space. In this project, we report on constructing a planetarium for this innovative and stimulating learning environment. Currently, there are several models of planetariums, some simpler and others quite complex; however, they are almost always places of passive interaction. Here, we propose to build a cardboard planetarium, which allows a remarkable application of the STEAM strategy in a Do-It-Yourself (DIY) project that can actively involve children from age 12 directly in the construction process. We have designed and built a cardboard planetarium, 4 metres in diameter, with a capacity to host up to 20 children or 10 adults per session. The planetarium is composed of a dome and a base for support; both are constructed from cardboard with different thicknesses due to the individual function of each one. A pilot planetarium was successfully exhibited during a science festival in Portugal. There are plans to build other DIY planetariums in countries across Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we will analyze the condition to a particle leave the contact with a vertical circular loop. This is a typical problem shows in textbooks of Physics, here we will present three different forms to solve it. For that, we will use only fundamental math concepts, it means without use differential calculus. We will show you that, although this analysis is been constructed in intuitive principles, it is equivalent to what is traditional show in textbooks. Overall we will discuss a special case, where a similar deduction of ours leave a false conclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This project aims to attract school students and teachers from the state education system from Caçapava do Sul -RS to Sciences and specially to Astronomy. We made astronomical observations using a Galileoscope choosing the Moon as a primary target. We also observed others objects that present hight brightness in the night sky. The selection of targets, and their identification during the observations were carried out by a free software of planetary simulation, Stellarium. The results were in qualitative form and they show the great interest demonstrated by those participating in the project. Furthermore, this project helped to improve the understanding of the physical proprieties of the night sky objects (e.g. color). Finally, the project has showed that using a simple equipment and of relatively low cost it is possible to bring more people, specially the young students, to the Science World and to Astronomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]