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Haalbaarheidsonderzoek in opdracht van het lectoraat Klantenperspectief in ondersteuning en zorg van hogeschool Windesheim over de ideeën en beelden die er zijn over een online databank van jongeren met ervaringskennis over jeugdhulp. Deze databank zou gebruikt kunnen worden door onderzoekers en andere jeugdprofessionals die jongeren met ervaringskennis over jeugdhulp willen betrekken bij hun projecten en onderzoek of met hen willen samenwerken. Dit rapport is geschreven door Stichting Alexander in opdracht van het lectoraat Klantenperspectief in ondersteuning en zorg.

Haalbaarheidsonderzoek in opdracht van het lectoraat Klantenperspectief in ondersteuning en zorg van hogeschool Windesheim over de ideeën en beelden die er zijn over een online databank van jongeren met ervaringskennis over jeugdhulp. Deze databank zou gebruikt kunnen worden door onderzoekers en andere jeugdprofessionals die jongeren met ervaringskennis over jeugdhulp willen betrekken bij hun projecten en onderzoek of met hen willen samenwerken. Dit rapport is geschreven door Stichting Alexander in opdracht van het lectoraat Klantenperspectief in ondersteuning en zorg.

The ClimateScan app is used to quickly upload your climate projects in the climatescan.nl database. The app is used only to be able to quickly make and upload pictures with your current location to the online climatescan database.

Science-based strategies to tackle biological invasions depend on recent, accurate, well-documented, standardized and openly accessible information on alien species. Currently and historically, biodiversity data are scattered in numerous disconnected data silos that lack interoperability. The situation is no different for alien species data, and this obstructs efficient retrieval, combination, and use of these kinds of information for research and policy-making. Standardization and interoperability are particularly important as many alien species related research and policy activities require pooling data. We describe seven ways that data on alien species can be made more accessible and useful, based on the results of a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) workshop: (1) Create data management plans; (2) Increase interoperability of information sources; (3) Document data through metadata; (4) Format data using existing standards; (5) Adopt controlled vocabularies; (6) Increase data availability; and (7) Ensure long-term data preservation. We identify four properties specific and integral to alien species data (species status, introduction pathway, degree of establishment, and impact mechanism) that are either missing from existing data standards or lack a recommended controlled vocabulary. Improved access to accurate, real-time and historical data will repay the long-term investment in data management infrastructure, by providing more accurate, timely and realistic assessments and analyses. If we improve core biodiversity data standards by developing their relevance to alien species, it will allow the automation of common activities regarding data processing in support of environmental policy. Furthermore, we call for considerable effort to maintain, update, standardize, archive, and aggregate datasets, to ensure proper valorization of alien species data and information before they become obsolete or lost.

Dynamical ecosystem models are important tools that can help ecologists understand complex systems, and turn understanding into predictions of how these systems respond to external changes. This thesis revolves around PCLake, an integrated ecosystem model of shallow lakes that is used by both scientists and water quality managers to understand and predict eutrophication effects in shallow lake ecosystems. Shallow lakes provide some of the clearest examples of alternative stable states in natural systems. PCLake can be used to calculate the critical nutrient loading, that is, the nutrient loading where an abrupt regime shift occurs from a clear aquatic plant dominated state to a turbid phytoplankton dominated state, or vice versa. Four different aspects of modelling with PCLake are addressed in this thesis: (1) making the model better accessible for the modelling community, (2) improving the model, (3) developing scientific theory, and (4) exploring new applications for water quality management. Following a general introduction to the thesis in chapter 1, the Database Approach To Modelling (DATM) is introduced in chapter 2. DATM is invented to make dynamic models more accessible. The idea of DATM is that the mathematical equations of a model are stored in a database independently of program language and software specific information. From the database, the information can be automatically translated, augmented and compiled into working model code of various different modelling frameworks (software programs). In chapter 3 the weak link between ecosystem models and real ecosystems is discussed in relation to model calibration and improvement. In a previous stage PCLake has been calibrated using data of more than 40 lakes to obtain a best overall fit, which has greatly increased the scope of the model by making it suitable for more generalized studies on temperate shallow lakes. However, because of this calibration, adding missing functional components to the model at a later stage does not automatically increase the validity of the model, as it may bring the model ‘out of balance’. This is exemplified by adding filter feeding zoobenthos to PCLake, which were previously ignored. In chapter 4, the relation between food-web theory and alternative stable states theory is scrutinized. Both theoretical paradigms are highly influential in modern ecology as they help scientists understand how stability emerges in complex natural ecosystems. Unfortunately, they developed independently and it is largely unclear how the resilience of a food web relates to the stability of the complete ecosystem. For this study PCLake was used as a virtual reality from which ‘empirical’ information is sampled to parameterize a food web model, following traditional food web methods. This allowed calculating the stability of the food web along a gradient of environmental change, knowing that the complete ecosystem shows a regime shift once the critical nutrient loading is exceeded. In chapter 5 the question is asked to what extent models of a different form can be used to describe the same natural phenomenon, and hence, how these models can be used for a better understanding of such natural phenomena. Using three classical extensions of the famous Lotka-Volterra equations, which unlike PCLake can be fully mathematically understood, we analyze the consequence of changing a system with a sophisticated functional response term (e.g. Holling type II or III) into a system with a simpler functional response term while maintaining equilibrium densities and material fluxes. These results give new insight into when empirical data can be linked to mathematical models to estimate the stability properties of real ecosystems. Although PCLake is predominantly applied in the context of ecosystem restoration of turbid phytoplankton dominated lakes, chapter 6 focusses on the clear water state after the reestablishment of aquatic plant dominance as occured. Dense stands of aquatic plants easily cause nuisance, and hence the removal of aquatic plants is an emerging management issue. Yet, because aquatic plants play an important role in stabilizing the clear water state, the removal of plant biomass can potentially trigger a critical transition back to the turbid water state. Currently there is only limited empirical and theoretical understanding of how harvesting of aquatic plants affects ecosystem functioning, which frustrates effective and efficient ecosystem management. With PCLake the impact of harvesting is evaluated, in terms of reducing nuisance and ecosystem stability, for a wide range of external nutrient loadings, mowing intensities and timings. Additionally, the model is used to estimate how much phosphorus is removed from the system during harvesting. In chapter 7 I discuss the added value of taking an integrative approach to modelling, and discuss the integrated nature of the studies presented in this thesis. It’s also important to note that these studies were part of a larger research project with the overall aim of increasing the usefulness and the validity of PCLake and its twin model PCDitch, and to enhance the confidence in the models among water quality managers. A synopsis of the overarching collaborative research project on PCLake and PCDitch is presented in chapter 8. Vier verschillende aspecten van het modelleren met PCLake staan centraal in dit onderzoek: het ontsluiten van het model, het verbeteren van het model, het uitbouwen van ecologische theorie, en het uitwerken van een nieuwe toepassing in het waterkwaliteitsbeheer.

FBR BP Biorefinery & Sustainable Value Chains ; Alterra - Spatial knowledge systems; In the S2Biom project the logistical case study in Burgundy was the first that was performed. The data were based on the results of the LogistEC project, which had already performed a thorough assessment of the case. Therefore, the S2Biom case study was especially used to develop the new tool LocaGIStics, and to illustrate the possibilities of such a new logistical tool in combination with an existing tool, the BeWhere model. So the results of the case study were not primarily intended to further assess the real life case or to advise an actual company for taking decisions on their biomass supply chain yet. The BeWhere model has been applied for the case study of Burgundy in order to identify the optimal locations of bioenergy production plants. It should be emphasized that the locations of the plants were highly driven by the location and amount of the demand of heat over the transport collection of the feedstock at least for this particular case study. The collection points of the biomass are nevertheless very well concentrated around the production plants. Anyhow to validate those results, LocaGIStics is a valuable tool for the simulation of the feedstock collection from the plants determined from BeWhere. The quality check controls the feedstock collection, capacity and therefore the validity of the chosen location. The LocaGIStics model has especially been developed using the Burgundy case study. Several logistical concepts have been tested in the Burgundy case. These are: i) mixing different biomass types (straw as a biomass residue and Miscanthus as an energy crop), ii) applying pretreatment technology (pelletizing) to densify the material in order to lower the transportation costs and increase handling properties, iii) switching between different types of transport means (truck and walking floor vehicle) and iv) direct delivery to a power plant versus putting an intermediate collection point in the value chain. Due to the nature of this development case less value should be given to the exact results of the five variants that are described in this report. However, these variants are perfect examples of what effects can be achieved if the set-up of a lignocellulosic biomass value chain is changed, even if that change is only slightly. So the case was used successfully to build a first version of the locaGIStics tool. However, many improvements are still possible and could be achieved in future project cases.

The S2Biom project - Delivery of sustainable supply of non-food biomass to support a “resource-efficient” Bioeconomy in Europe - supports the sustainable delivery of nonfood biomass feedstock at local, regional and pan European level through developing strategies, and roadmaps that will be informed by a “computerized and easy to use” toolset (and respective databases) with updated harmonized datasets at local, regional, national and pan European level for EU28, Western Balkans, Moldova, Turkey and Ukraine. A case based approach was followed, where optimal logistical concepts (conceptual designs) were matched with the specific regional situation. This was done in three logistical case studies that were performed: 1. Small-scale power production with straw and Miscanthus in the Burgundy region (France); 2. Large-scale power production with straw and with residual woody biomass in the Aragon region (Spain); 3. Advanced wood logistics in the Province of Central Finland.

Dit document bevat een beschrijving van de technische omgeving, hulpmiddelen en modellen die van belang zijn voor het beheer van de landelijke vegetatiedatabank. Het is bedoeld om de processen en procedures vast te leggen. Het verkrijgen van kwaliteitsstatus A is hierbij geen doel op zich maar is wel de stip op de horizon waar dit document aan bijdraagt. Het doel van de landelijke vegetatiedatabank is het op een gestructureerde manier vastleggen van gegevens over het voorkomen van vegetaties en daarmee ook plantensoorten in Nederland. De procedures voor het verzamelen en beheren van deze gegevens zijn beschreven in dit document

In the S2Biom project the logistical case study in Burgundy was the first that wasperformed. The data were based on the results of the LogistEC project, which had already performed a thorough assessment of the case. Therefore, the S2Biom case study was especially used to develop the new tool LocaGIStics, and to illustrate the possibilities of such a new logistical tool in combination with an existing tool, the BeWhere model. So the results of the case study were not primarily intended to further assess the real life case or to advise an actual company for taking decisions on their biomass supply chain yet.The BeWhere model has been applied for the case study of Burgundy in order toidentify the optimal locations of bioenergy production plants. It should be emphasized that the locations of the plants were highly driven by the location and amount of the demand of heat over the transport collection of the feedstock at least for this particular case study. The collection points of the biomass are nevertheless very well concentrated around the production plants. Anyhow to validate those results, LocaGIStics is a valuable tool for the simulation of the feedstock collection from the plants determined from BeWhere. The quality check controls the feedstock collection, capacity and therefore the validity of the chosen location.The LocaGIStics model has especially been developed using the Burgundy casestudy. Several logistical concepts have been tested in the Burgundy case. These are:i) mixing different biomass types (straw as a biomass residue and Miscanthus as an energy crop), ii) applying pretreatment technology (pelletizing) to densify the material in order to lower the transportation costs and increase handling properties, iii) switching between different types of transport means (truck and walking floor vehicle)and iv) direct delivery to a power plant versus putting an intermediate collection point in the value chain. Due to the nature of this development case less value should be given to the exact results of the five variants that are described in this report. However, these variants are perfect examples of what effects can be achieved if the set-up of a lignocellulosic biomass value chain is changed, even if that change is only slightly. So the case was used successfully to build a first version of the locaGIStics tool. However, many improvements are still possible and could be achieved in future project cases.

The S2Biom project - Delivery of sustainable supply of non-food biomass to support a “resource-efficient” Bioeconomy in Europe - supports the sustainable delivery of nonfood biomass feedstock at local, regional and pan European level through developing strategies, and roadmaps that will be informed by a “computerized and easy to use” toolset (and respective databases) with updated harmonized datasets at local, regional, national and pan European level for EU28, Western Balkans, Moldova, Turkey and Ukraine. A case based approach was followed, where optimal logistical concepts (conceptual designs) were matched with the specific regional situation. This was done in three logistical case studies that were performed: 1. Small-scale power production with straw and Miscanthus in the Burgundy region (France); 2. Large-scale power production with straw and with residual woody biomass in the Aragon region (Spain); 3. Advanced wood logistics in the Province of Central Finland.

This deliverable describes a formalizlogistical concepts in the practicalchains and for assessing theiBeWhere and LocaGIStics. It describesthese two logistical assessment toolsinterlinked so that LocaGIStics can further refine and detail the outcomes of theBeWhere model and that the BeWhere model can use the outcome of theLocaGIStics model to modify their calculations if needed.The BeWhere model supports the development of EUdevelop an optimal network of biomass delivery chainstechno-economic spatial model that enables the optimal design and allocation ofbiomass delivery chains (at national level) based on the minimizatioemissions of the full supply chain taking account economies of scale, in order to meetcertain demand.LocaGIStics is a regional assessment tool for biomass delivery chains. This tool cansupport the user to design optimal biomass deliverlevel and analyze in a comparative way (for different biomass delivery chains) thespatial implications and the environmental and economic performance. It will takeaccount of the biomass costoptions and novel logistical concepts.formalized stepwise approach for implementing optimaldesign of national and regionaltheir economic and GHG performance. the functionality of and the relation betweentools. BeWhere and LocaGIStics are closelyked EU-wide and national strategies tochains. The basis of this tool is adelivery chains and networks at regionalcost-supply, the conversion and pre-treatment technology

This deliverable describes a formalizlogistical concepts in the practicalchains and for assessing theiBeWhere and LocaGIStics. It describesthese two logistical assessment toolsinterlinked so that LocaGIStics can further refine and detail the outcomes of theBeWhere model and that the BeWhere model can use the outcome of theLocaGIStics model to modify their calculations if needed.The BeWhere model supports the development of EUdevelop an optimal network of biomass delivery chainstechno-economic spatial model that enables the optimal design and allocation ofbiomass delivery chains (at national level) based on the minimizatioemissions of the full supply chain taking account economies of scale, in order to meetcertain demand.LocaGIStics is a regional assessment tool for biomass delivery chains. This tool cansupport the user to design optimal biomass deliverlevel and analyze in a comparative way (for different biomass delivery chains) thespatial implications and the environmental and economic performance. It will takeaccount of the biomass costoptions and novel logistical concepts.formalized stepwise approach for implementing optimaldesign of national and regionaltheir economic and GHG performance. the functionality of and the relation betweentools. BeWhere and LocaGIStics are closelyked EU-wide and national strategies tochains. The basis of this tool is adelivery chains and networks at regionalcost-supply, the conversion and pre-treatment technology

In the S2Biom project the logistical case study in Burgundy was the first that wasperformed. The data were based on the results of the LogistEC project, which had already performed a thorough assessment of the case. Therefore, the S2Biom case study was especially used to develop the new tool LocaGIStics, and to illustrate the possibilities of such a new logistical tool in combination with an existing tool, the BeWhere model. So the results of the case study were not primarily intended to further assess the real life case or to advise an actual company for taking decisions on their biomass supply chain yet.The BeWhere model has been applied for the case study of Burgundy in order toidentify the optimal locations of bioenergy production plants. It should be emphasized that the locations of the plants were highly driven by the location and amount of the demand of heat over the transport collection of the feedstock at least for this particular case study. The collection points of the biomass are nevertheless very well concentrated around the production plants. Anyhow to validate those results, LocaGIStics is a valuable tool for the simulation of the feedstock collection from the plants determined from BeWhere. The quality check controls the feedstock collection, capacity and therefore the validity of the chosen location.The LocaGIStics model has especially been developed using the Burgundy casestudy. Several logistical concepts have been tested in the Burgundy case. These are:i) mixing different biomass types (straw as a biomass residue and Miscanthus as an energy crop), ii) applying pretreatment technology (pelletizing) to densify the material in order to lower the transportation costs and increase handling properties, iii) switching between different types of transport means (truck and walking floor vehicle)and iv) direct delivery to a power plant versus putting an intermediate collection point in the value chain. Due to the nature of this development case less value should be given to the exact results of the five variants that are described in this report. However, these variants are perfect examples of what effects can be achieved if the set-up of a lignocellulosic biomass value chain is changed, even if that change is only slightly. So the case was used successfully to build a first version of the locaGIStics tool. However, many improvements are still possible and could be achieved in future project cases.

In the S2Biom project the logistical case study in Burgundy was the first that wasperformed. The data were based on the results of the LogistEC project, which had already performed a thorough assessment of the case. Therefore, the S2Biom case study was especially used to develop the new tool LocaGIStics, and to illustrate the possibilities of such a new logistical tool in combination with an existing tool, the BeWhere model. So the results of the case study were not primarily intended to further assess the real life case or to advise an actual company for taking decisions on their biomass supply chain yet.The BeWhere model has been applied for the case study of Burgundy in order toidentify the optimal locations of bioenergy production plants. It should be emphasized that the locations of the plants were highly driven by the location and amount of the demand of heat over the transport collection of the feedstock at least for this particular case study. The collection points of the biomass are nevertheless very well concentrated around the production plants. Anyhow to validate those results, LocaGIStics is a valuable tool for the simulation of the feedstock collection from the plants determined from BeWhere. The quality check controls the feedstock collection, capacity and therefore the validity of the chosen location.The LocaGIStics model has especially been developed using the Burgundy casestudy. Several logistical concepts have been tested in the Burgundy case. These are:i) mixing different biomass types (straw as a biomass residue and Miscanthus as an energy crop), ii) applying pretreatment technology (pelletizing) to densify the material in order to lower the transportation costs and increase handling properties, iii) switching between different types of transport means (truck and walking floor vehicle)and iv) direct delivery to a power plant versus putting an intermediate collection point in the value chain. Due to the nature of this development case less value should be given to the exact results of the five variants that are described in this report. However, these variants are perfect examples of what effects can be achieved if the set-up of a lignocellulosic biomass value chain is changed, even if that change is only slightly. So the case was used successfully to build a first version of the locaGIStics tool. However, many improvements are still possible and could be achieved in future project cases.

Lettuce, spinach and chicory are generally considered the main leafy vegetables, while a fourth group denoted by ‘minor leafy vegetables’ includes, amongst others, rocket salad, lamb’s lettuce, asparagus, artichoke and rhubarb. Except in the case of lettuce, central crop databases of leafy vegetables were lacking until recently. Here we report on the update of the international Lactuca database and the development of three new central crop databases for each of the other leafy vegetable crop groups. Requests for passport data of accessions available to the user community were addressed to all known European collection holders and to the main collection holders located outside Europe. Altogether, passport data of 17,530 accessions from a total of 129 collections were collected. The four separate databases were made available on line via a common entry page accessible at http://documents.plant.wur.nl/cgn/pgr/LVintro/. Based on a literature study, an analysis of the gene pool structure of the crops was performed and an inventory was made of the distribution areas of the species involved. The results of these surveys were related to the contents of the newly established databases in order to identify the main collection gaps. Priorities are presented for future germplasm acquisition aimed at improving the coverage of the crop gene pools in ex situ collections.

Het verzamelen van informatie over bomen is een tijdrovende en arbeidsintensieve activiteit. Eigenschappen als standplaats en hoogte moeten afzonderlijk worden ingemeten. Indien de bepaling van de positie en de hoogte van de bomen geautomatiseerd kan worden zou dat veel tijdwinst opleveren. Alterra heeft een methode ontwikkeld om bomen te modelleren uit ruwe laseraltimetrie data. In dit artikel wordt geschetst hoe een dergelijk bestand zich verhoudt tot een bomenbestand dat tot stand is gekomen door het inmeten van de bomen met behulp van DGPS signalen.

Aan het begin van het FES-project ‘Versterking infrastructuur plantgezondheid' zijn de belangrijkste knelpunten op plantenvirologisch gebied in Nederland geïnventariseerd. Criteria hierbij waren vooral fytosanitaire status, economisch belang en de behoefte aan betrouwbare detectie- en identificatiemethoden. Op basis hiervan is een prioriteitenlijst opgesteld van de (gereguleerde) virussen uit de volgende virusgroepen: Potyvirussen, Nepovirussen, Tospovirussen en Potexvirussen. Daarnaast werd zo’n lijst opgesteld voor viroïden en fytoplasma’s. Aan de prioriteitenlijst werden toegevoegd: Pospiviroïden en Fytoplasma’s. De verkregen gegevens werden opgenomen in de Q-bank.

De laatste decennia kent de Nederlandse flora een sterke toename van exoten. Soorten die door een sterke uitbreiding of verdichting van hun areaal overlast veroorzaken, worden invasieve soorten genoemd. De overlast van invasieve soorten (vaak kortweg invasieven genoemd) kan bestaan uit economische schade en gezondheids- en/of veiligheidsproblemen. Het Ministerie van Landbouw, Natuur en Voedselkwaliteit heeft daarom het Uitvoeringsconsortium Invasieve Plantensoorten een FES‑subsidie verleend om in vier jaar tijd een informatiesysteem over potentieel invasieve exotische plantensoorten op te zetten. Doel is informatie aan te leveren op basis waarvan ingeschat kan worden hoe groot de kans is dat exotische soorten zich bij introductie in Nederland invasief zullen gaan gedragen. Daarnaast is het doel hulp te bieden bij het herkennen van zulke soorten als ze worden geïmporteerd. Het informatiesysteem is ondergebracht in Q-bank.

Plant-pathogene schimmels worden traditioneel geïdentificeerd op basis van morfologische karakteristieken. Dit is over het algemeen tijdrovend, veel expertise en leidt vaak tot misidentificatie. Het doel van het werk uitgevoerd door het Uitvoeringsconsortium Schimmels was dan ook gericht op de verbetering van detectie- en identificatietechnieken van plant pathogene schimmels met de nadruk op quarantaineorganismen. Op grond van het economische, wetenschappelijke, en ecologische belang, de aanwezigheid van Q-organismen, en de wetenschappelijke startpositie binnen Nederland is in eerste instantie de keuze gevallen op de geslachten Colletotrichum, Phoma, en Phytophthora. De gegenereerde dat zijn opgenomen in de Q-bank.

Hoewel libellen regelmatig geïnvenlariseerd worden, is er nog weinig bekend over de relatie tussen het voorkomen van (groepen van) libellen en typen ven-ecosystemen. De ibellenfauna verschilt van ven tot ven. De vraag is nu oÍ bepaalde typen vennen gekarakteriseerd kunnen worden door een specifeke combinatie van libellensoorten, oftewel een soortgemeenschap

Om te kunnen selecteren op bepaalde kenmerken moeten deze ‘meetbaar’zijn en worden geregistreerd. Pas dan wordt zichtbaar of er echteverbeteringen richting fokdoel worden bereikt in volgende generaties.In dit tweede artikel lichten we toe waarom het belangrijk is om goedte registeren en hoe een gedegen registratiesysteem eruitziet.

The user-friendly shell SWASH, acronym for Surface WAter Scenarios Help, assists the user in calculating pesticide exposure concentrations in the EU FOCUS surface water scenarios. SWASH encompasses five separate tools and models: (i) FOCUS Drift Calculator, calculating pesticide entries through spray drift deposition, (ii) PRZM-3, calculating pesticide entries through run-off, (iii) MACRO, calculating pesticide entries through drainage, (iv) TOXSWA, calculating the behaviour of pesticides in small surface waters, and (v) SPIN is a central database for storage and editing of pesticide properties. The SWASH database contains information on projects and runs created by the user. This report gives a detailed description of the necessary flow of data between the various models, to make them communicate smoothly with each other. It also specifies the installation requirements for the MACRO, PRZM and TOXSWA models. The MACRO model uses an MS-Access database to store its substance and run information, while PRZM makes use of separate data files. TOXSWA uses the central SWASH database. After completing a SWASH session the user should manually perform simulations with the three individual models

Sinds 1 januari 2015 moeten melkveehouders met een fosfaatoverschot de KringloopWijzer invullen. De KringloopWijzer is voor 2015 weer aangepast en verbeterd; een nieuwe versie kan worden gedownload op de website www.mijnkringloopwijzer.nl. Op 6 januari werd de Centrale Database Kringloopwijzer in gebruik genomen. Ondanks de verbeteringen kunnen agrarische adviseurs nog allerlei vragen verwachten van ‘hun’ veehouders.

The user-friendly shell SWASH, acronym for Surface WAter Scenarios Help, assists the user in calculating pesticide exposure concentrations in the EU FOCUS surface water scenarios. SWASH encompasses five separate tools and models: (i) FOCUS Drift Calculator, calculating pesticide entries through spray drift deposition, (ii) PRZM-3, calculating pesticide entries through run-off, (iii) MACRO, calculating pesticide entries through drainage, (iv) TOXSWA, calculating the behaviour of pesticides in small surface waters, and (v) SPIN is a central database for storage and editing of pesticide properties. The SWASH database contains information on projects and runs created by the user. This report gives a detailed description of the necessary flow of data between the various models, to make them communicate smoothly with each other. It also specifies the installation requirements for the MACRO, PRZM and TOXSWA models. The MACRO model uses an MS-Access database to store its substance and run information, while PRZM makes use of separate data files. TOXSWA uses the central SWASH database. After completing a SWASH session the user should manually perform simulations with the three individual models

Na jarenlange aarzelende discussies over NGII komt de ontwikkeling ervan nu eindelijk goed op gang. De vraag 'waarheen met GNII' dient per land beantwoord te worden. Vanuit het programma 'ruimte voor geo-informatie' wordt een aanzet gegeven voor discussie. Dit artikel dient als een aanzet tot discussie

In 1999 werd de nota Belvedere vastgesteld. Hiermee werd vastgelegd, dat de (her)inrichters van Nederland cultuurhistorie als inspiratiebron dienen te gebruiken. Besloten werd, om een Kennisinfrastructuur CultuurHistorie (KICH) in te stellen. Ondertussen is het KICH webportaal operationeel. Dit artikel geeft uitleg over de opbouw