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AZO/Ag/AZO transparent conductive films were prepared on PMMA substrate by DC magnetron sputtering at low temperature (70 ℃). The effect of AZO sputtering power on the structure and properties of AZO/Ag/AZO thin films were investigated. In order to encapsulate AZO/Ag/AZO films, the films were laminated with another uncoated PMMA substrate and polyurethane film. Damp and heat resistance and heating performance of this laminated structure were discussed. The morphology and structure of the films were characterized by SEM, XRD and AFM. The results show that the sputtering power of AZO affects the surface energy of AZO layer and the crystallization of AZO/Ag/AZO films. The AZO/Ag/AZO films which prepared with AZO sputtering power of 100W and 150W exhibit the best performance with a low sheet resistance of 3.7 Ω/sq and a high transmittance of 86.1% at room temperature. The optical and electrical properties of PMMA laminated structure remain stable after 30 days of damp-heat experiment. The temperature-time curve during the heating process of the PMMA laminated structure at room temperature shows fast temperature response time and good temperature uniformity under 5 V DC voltage. The PMMA laminated structure exhibits saturation temperature stability in cold convection air (−10-−40 ℃).

Copyright of Journal of Aeronautical Materials is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Aeronautical Materials and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Corrosion is one of the main PV module failure mechanisms, as it can cause severe electrical performance degradation in PV modules exposed to hot and humid environments. Moisture penetrating a photovoltaic (PV) module may react with the metallic components causing corrosion. In addition, acetic acid which is produced by hydrolysis of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), the most common encapsulant, may further degrade metallic components. Corrosion is one of the main PV module failure mechanisms, as it can cause severe electrical performance degradation in PV modules exposed to hot and humid environments. The specific chemical reactions involved in the corrosion mechanisms for the different components are well understood. However, which of these causes the most serious degradation in the field, and therefore, most severe power loss is unknown. Moreover, the severity of corrosion in the absence of acetic acid is not yet well researched. This work distinguished between the front and rear side corrosion mechanisms and identified the different electrical signatures observed due to them. The experiment included damp‐heat (DH) conditioning of single‐cell mini‐modules, containing passivated emitter and rear contact (PERC) solar cells, laminated with a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) based backsheet. Furthermore, half‐encapsulated PERC PV cells were tested, with either the front or the rear side exposed. Electrical and material characterisation were conducted for the investigation of the sample degradation, and the performance decrease, related to the degradation of the rear surface passivation, was examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Because people nowadays are addicted to eating too much fat, sweet food with thick taste, the incidence of stroke with damp-heat pattern is constantly increasing ・ Through combing the theoretical connotation and origins of u turbidity, u clear orifice", and u turbid evil invading the clear orifice", this article clarifies that damp heat is an important cause that cannot be ignored in the occurrence and development of stroke・ The causes of dampinclude external contraction and internal injury・ Dampheat obstructs the qi movement in the middle jiao, and blocks clear orifice in the upper part of the body, leading to the symptoms of the head and face, and even inducing the occurrence of stroke. Ye Tianshi5 s theory of u turbid evil invading the clear orificecan be regarded as a general exposition of u damp-heat leading to stroke ", so the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of damp-heat pattern should be emphasized ・ Based on the hypothesis of u brain-intestine interlink age, the core organs affected for the disease of stroke with damp-heat pattern are the brain, spleen, stomach and intestine・ To prevent stroke due to damp - heat, the above ・HientiorLe(l organs should be addressed by clearing dampness and heat, unblocking the fu organs and clearing orifices・ The theory of u turbid evil invading the clear orificeand the above-mentioned therapeutic methods are all derived from the theory and treatment experience of febrile disease・ Besides, therapies such as "differentiating and dispelling pathogenic factors from the three jiao" and u nourishing yin and promoting generation of body fluids" are also used in the treatment of stroke・ Therefore, the theory and experience of febrile disease may provide new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of stroke・ [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the efficacy and safety of Lishi Oral Liquid (LOL), a Chinese herbs formula, combined with levocetirizine, an antihistamine drug, in patients with damp-heat atopic dermatitis (AD). Methods: A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. Ninety patients diagnosed with damp-heat atopic dermatitis were randomly assigned to Lishi Oral Liquid group and control group at the ratio of 1:1. Patients were given one Lishi Oral Liquid or placebo three times per day. Both groups were treated with allantoin and vitamin E cream by topical use and levocetirizine by oral administration. Patients were followed up at the second and fourth week. The primary outcome was the scoring of atopic dermatitis (SCORAD). The secondary outcomes were visual analogue scale (VAS) and dermatology life quality index (DLQI). Results: After two weeks of treatment, there were statistical differences in SCORAD between these two groups (P

Chronic ideopathic pruritus is an itch originating from unknown sources that lasts greater than six weeks. A 30-year-old female reported a chief complaint of chronic idiopathic pruritus. From a traditional Chinese medicine perspective she displayed signs and symptoms consistent with Spleen qi deficiency with accumulation of Damp-Heat, Liver qi stagnation and Blood deficiency leading to deficient and stagnant Heat stirring Wind. She had been previously seen by an internist, four dermatologists, two neurologists, and an allergist at the Mayo Clinic, showing inconclusive results of all biomedical tests. While there were clear pathophysiological mechanisms within traditional Chinese medicine that affected this case, the patient was unusually slow to respond to treatment. Careful case management and the introduction of traditional Chinese dietary considerations ultimately proved to be an effective intervention for this patient. This case history shows the need for further research to determine efficacy and establish effective mechanisms of action for treatment of this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Consumer type multicrystalline modules are investigated in two types of conditions: thermal cycle and damp heat testing. • Visual inspection, thermography, electroluminescence and IV-curve measurement help us for the investigation. • The results show that, corrosion, hot spot and delamination are the main degradation observed. In this study, consumer type multicrystalline modules are investigated. To assess the long-term reliability of photovoltaic (PV) multicrystalline modules, extended thermal cycling and damp heat testing were performed. This study focused on four multicrystalline modules. Two modules were subjected to 85 °C/85% damp heat testing at 1000 h and 1300 h, respectively. The other two modules were subjected to thermal cycle test of 55 cycles and 66 cycles, respectively. After testing, all 4 solar panels were investigated with the help of visual inspection, thermography, electroluminescence and IV-curve measurements. The main degradations observed were corrosion, hot spot and delamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nursing of Integrated Traditional Chinese & Western Medicine is the property of Journal of Clinical Nursing in Practice (Editorial Board, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Press) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The electrical ageing of photovoltaic modules during extended damp-heat tests at different stress levels is investigated for three types of crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules with different backsheets, encapsulants and cell types. Deploying different stress levels allows determination of an equivalent stress dose function, which is a first step towards a lifetime prediction of devices. The derived humidity dose is used to characterise the degradation of power as well as that of the solar cell's equivalent circuit parameters calculated from measured current-voltage characteristics. An application of this to the samples demonstrates different modes in the degradation and thus enables better understanding of the module's underlying ageing mechanisms. The analysis of changes in the solar cell equivalent circuit parameters identified the primary contributors to the power degradation and distinguished the potential ageing mechanism for each types of module investigated in this paper. © 2016 The Authors. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. © 2016 The Authors. Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acquired female infertility from a traditional Chinese veterinary medical (TCVM) perspective can be associated with Deficiency or Excess patterns. There are 6 patterns of acquired female infertility commonly diagnosed in TCVM practice. The 6 patterns are: 1) Kidney Qi and Blood Deficiency, 2) Kidney Yin Deficiency, 3) Kidney Yang Deficiency or Cold uterus, 4) Excess Phlegm and Damp, 5) Liver Qi and Blood Stagnation and 6) Damp-Heat. Malnutrition or over-working can result in infertility from Kidney Qi and Blood Deficiency or Kidney Yin Deficiency. Obesity will cause Stagnation in the uterus with an Excess of Phlegm and Damp, making it impossible for oocytes to be released or connect with sperm. Cold Deficiency of the uterus or Kidney Yang Deficiency will damage the Chong Channel and the Conception Vessel (Ren Channel) and lead to infertility. Stagnant Qi and Blood in the Liver can impair uterine reproductive function and lead to infertility. Damp-Heat flows downward to the uterus and infertility results. Each pattern has characteristic findings on the TCVM examination, may require treatment of different acupoints and most importantly require different Chinese herbal medicines. Administering the incorrect Chinese herbal medicine could worsen the problems and harm the animal. Thus, when diagnosing infertility, one should attempt to identify the correct pattern, so that proper treatment can be administered. The pathogenesis, clinical signs, treatment principles, acupuncture points and Chinese herbal medicines are described for each pattern. Infertility due to congenital defects and aging are not discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In this study, the influence of the PV laminate design on the silicon cell degradation was investigated. Laminates consisting of two different kinds of encapsulation (EVA and PVB) and three different back-sheet materials (TAPT, PA and a TPT foils) were manufactured. Standard cells with a two and three bus bar design were used as well as MWT cells. The laminates were subjected to a UV, heat and damp-heat aging tests. The degradation of the cell metallization was investigated by means of electroluminescence imaging, the degree of polymeric aging was determined by Raman spectroscopy. Special attention was paid to the spatial distribution of corrosion effects on the cell. A severe influence of the solar cell type, i.e. the metallization paste, could be shown. Furthermore, a strong dependence of the degree of metallization degradation on the type of back-sheet material was found. An extensive UV aging for up to 180 kWh appeared to have no influence on the metallization corrosion. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Scutellaria baicalensis (S. baicalensis) is the root of S. baicalensis Georgi. In traditional Chinese medicine it is divided into Tiaoqin (TQ, 1–3 years old) and Kuqin (KQ, more than 3 years old). However, the differences in TQ and KQ efficacy and their exact mechanisms are still unclear. This study aimed to clarify the difference in the efficacy of TQ and KQ in relation to different fever types (damp heat and hyperpyrexia) by using rat models, as well as to determine the primary molecular mechanism. This study compared the compositional content of TQ and KQ by UPLC-MS/MS. Then, rat models of hyperpyrexia (HP, LPS) and damp heat (DH, high-fat and high-sugar diet feeding + fumigation in artificial climate chamber + E. coli injection) were established and their clinical symptoms, blood biochemistry, histopathological sections, cell cytokines and protein expression were compared following treatment with TQ or KQ. Finally, the mechanisms underpinning the differences observed for TQ and KQ were determined by measuring the components of these treatments in different target organs. This study identified 31 compounds in the water extracts of both TQ and KQ, which differed significantly in their relative content. TQ and KQ showed different functional tropism in HP and DH model rats. Baicalin, wogonoside, oroxin A, baicalein, wogonin and oroxylin A appeared to be the basic functional components responsible for the functional tropism hypothesis, while the remaining compounds appeared to be the efficacy-oriented components. In addition, the difference in pharmacodynamics between TQ and KQ may be related to their absorption in vivo , which was consistent with the hypothesis of functional tropism proposed in this work. In this study we adopted TQ and KQ―different specifications of Scutellaria baicalensis with similar chemical components―as a case study to systematically reveal the functional tropism of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM). The results showed that TQ and KQ contain the basic functional components to enable the basic function of 'clearing heat', while the variation in compositional content may result in their different therapeutic effects. A greater understanding and utilisation of the functional tropism of CHM would enormously improve the accuracy and scientific basis for the application of CHM medication, as well as in promoting the multi-function mechanism of CHM and guiding new drug development of CHM. This work is based on the difference between TQ and KQ in efficacy and clinical usage in traditional Chinese medicine. Current research of this work provides new ideas for the development of TQ and KQ. Image 1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]